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Anfänge Des Denkens: Zur Soziologie Des Jung- Paläolithikums - Ontogenese, Neurowissenschaft, Epigenetik U.M

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Anfänge Des Denkens: Zur Soziologie Des Jung- Paläolithikums - Ontogenese, Neurowissenschaft, Epigenetik U.M www.ssoar.info Anfänge des Denkens: Zur Soziologie des Jung- Paläolithikums - Ontogenese, Neurowissenschaft, Epigenetik u.m. Hennings, Lars Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Monographie / monograph Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Hennings, L. (2017). Anfänge des Denkens: Zur Soziologie des Jung-Paläolithikums - Ontogenese, Neurowissenschaft, Epigenetik u.m. Berlin. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-54281-3 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Anfänge des Denkens Zur Soziologie des Jung-Paläolithikums - Ontogenese, Neurowissenschaft, Epigenetik u.m. Lars Hennings Im Anschluss an: „Von der Höhlenmalerei zur Hochkultur am Göbekli Tepe“ (English Introduction 1. edition) Berlin 2017 17.10.17 Anfänge des Denkens © Lars Hennings Berlin 2017 [email protected] www.LarsHennings.de Open Access, License (for files): Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 1. Ausgabe: www.Logos-Verlag.de PDF: https://zenodo.org/record/51501#.WdhI5IpCTdQ 2 | Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort ....................................................................................................7 Der Blick auf Geschichte ...............................................................13 Epigenetik, Hirnforschung, Psyche ................................................16 Zur Entwicklung der „Person“ .......................................................18 Zeitrahmen .....................................................................................22 Der Göbekli Tepe: Modell, Grundriss .............................................29 Einleitung 1. Ausgabe ............................................................................31 Introduction (English 1. edition) ....................................................40 Anfänge des Denkens – Lucy .................................................................51 Die ersten Werkzeuge? ....................................................................52 Gattung Homo ....................................................................................54 Homo sapiens .........................................................................................57 Kognitiver Systemwechsel .................................................................57 Zum Beginn der Kultur ......................................................................58 Symbolik ............................................................................................62 Zeigen, Kommunikation, Sprache ......................................................64 Exkurs: Sprache bei der Gattung Homo? .......................................68 Ontogenese und Psyche ..........................................................................73 Gott entstammt der Ontogenese .........................................................73 Stadien der Ontogenese ......................................................................75 Handlungskompetenz .........................................................................76 Der Präfrontale Kortex .......................................................................77 Zum Gehirn ........................................................................................81 Zur Kindheit des frühen Homo sapiens ..............................................83 Typus Fünfjährige/ Prä-Bewusste? ..................................................87 Hirnforschung und Bewusstsein .........................................................92 Exkurs: Epigenese ..........................................................................96 Undifferenzierter Geist .......................................................................98 Psyche der Steinzeit im Alltag .........................................................102 Exkurs: Gehirn-Geist-Prozess ......................................................105 Logik, Malerei und Fühlen ...................................................................113 Traditionale Logik ............................................................................118 Ursprung oder moderner Prozess ...................................................120 Zu den frühen Funden Eurasiens ...................................................122 | 3 Kinderzeichnung ..............................................................................125 Ein neues Fühlen ..............................................................................128 Emotionen/ Gefühle .......................................................................130 Grund-Emotionen? .......................................................................134 Ehre, Befriedung ............................................................................137 Kriegslust? .....................................................................................139 „Urbanität“ als Entwicklungslinie ........................................................141 Neuerungsfeindschaft ....................................................................141 Urukisierung ..................................................................................148 Der Göbekli Tepe .............................................................................149 Insel im Urmeer mit Phallus? ........................................................149 Die neuen Götter ............................................................................153 Die Baustelle ..................................................................................157 Entstehung der Person ......................................................................159 Pädagogik in Sumer .......................................................................161 Resümee ...............................................................................................165 Anhang: Zur passiven Entstehung von Leben ..................................167 Hinweis .............................................................................................170 Lucy in the Sky – nochmal in Kürze ....................................................171 Literatur ................................................................................................173 Kurzfassung/ Autor ..............................................................................191 4 | | 5 Zeiten: Jahre vor heute (= bp/ before present=1950; alle Angaben sehr grob) 14,5 Mrd. Urknall 4,5 Mrd. Erde 6,5 Mio Trennung Affen und Menschen aus Primaten 3,5 Mio. Australopithecus (Südaffe; „Lucy“) 1,5 Mio. Homo erectus/ Neanderthalensis in Europa. (Out of Afrika I) 200.000 Homo sapiens (Urmutter „Eva“ in Afrika) 100.000 Homo sapiens in der Süd-Levante 70.000 Besiedlung Out of Afrika II Asien, III Eurasien 40.000 - 10.000 Jung-Paläolithikum, s. u. stark überlappemde Kulturen vor allem Westeuropas bis 40.000 Moustérien kalt (NeandertalerInnen) 45.000 Chátelperronnien mittel (Homo sapiens) 40.000 Aurignacien wärmer 32.000 Gravettien wieder kälter 22.000 Solutréen sehr kalt 17.000 Magdalénien wieder wärmer 12.000 Ende letzte Eiszeit, Übergang Pleistozän zu Holozän Zeiträume vor allem Naher Osten 14.000 (Proto-Neolithikum) dom. Hund 13.000 Natufien (Levante/ östl. Mittelmeer) 11.500 PPNA (PrePotteryNeolithic A) 10.500 PPNB Kupfer 10.000 Neolithikum dom. Getreide 9.000 dom. Tiere Jung-Paläolithikum 40.000 Bilderhöhle El Castillo, (Spanien) 32.000 Bild-Höhle Chauvet (Frankreich); Siedl. Kostenki (Ukraine) 28.000 Dolni Věstonice (Tschechei) Brennofen 14.500 Mezhirich (Ukraine) 13.500 Gönnersdorf (Rhein) Abu Hureyra (Nord-Mesopotamien = N-M) Hallan Çemi, Qermez Dere (Nord-Irak) 11.500 bis 9.500 Göbekli Tepe (N-M) Çayönü PPNA runde, PPNB eckige Häuser (N-M) 11.000 Jericho (Levante) 10.600 bis 10.000 Nevalı Çori (N-M) gebr. Tonfig. 9.500 Aşıklı Hüyük (Anatolien) 9.000 Çatal Hüyük (Anatolien) 8.000 Proto-Urbane Zentren Süd-Mespotamien 7.000 Proto-Urbane Zentren N-Mes. (Obeid-Zeit) 6.000 Städte Sumer 5.500 Schrift Sumer, Ägypten 4.200 Bronze 3.000 Altes Testament Eisen 2.800 Homer: Ilias, Odyssee (Troja 3.200) 2.350 Platon, Aristoteles 6 | Vorwort Vorwort In dieser Studie werden die Anfänge des Denkens aus Sicht der Soziologie interdisziplinär analysiert. Sie basiert auf einer Reihe von Schriften zum Jung- Paläolithikum, die in „Von der Höhlenmalerei zur Hochkultur am Göbekli Tepe“ zusammengefasst wurden, ohne schon das menschliche Gehirn selbst zu untersuchen. Das geschieht nun mit dieser Arbeit, die aus der früheren nur die wichtigsten Analysen zur Entwicklung des Denkens, besonders die zur Ontogenese, erneut darlegt und mit Erkenntnissen aus den Neurowissenschaf- ten verbindet; hinzu kommen Hinweise auf die Epigenetik und die Linguistik. Damit wird der Komplex der „Anfänge des Denkens“ zusammengefasst prä- sentiert. Und alles sind Thesen, Fragen, Vorschläge für weitergehende und empirisch begründete Reflexionen. Im Ergebnis scheint ein deutlicherer, auch ein anderer Wandel des Geistes wahrscheinlich, als zuvor angenommen: lange nach der Stabilisierung der Spezies Homo sapiens (und bis heute) entstehen im Gehirn noch biologische Veränderungen; durch das Denken selbst. Jene Menschen dachten nicht nur irgendwie anders, sondern differenzierten ihr Gehirn auf dem Tier-Mensch- Übergang noch aus, etwa durch
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