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A Diasporic Study of Selected Works of Jhumpa Lahiri and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

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A Diasporic Study of Selected Works of Jhumpa Lahiri and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni A DIASPORIC STUDY OF SELECTED WORKS OF JHUMPA LAHIRI AND CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI A Thesis submitted to Gujarat Technological University for the Award of Doctor of Philosophy In Humanities – English By Dipam Jentilal Joshi Enrolment No.: 149997571004 under the supervision of Dr. Seema R. Gida GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY AHMEDABAD May - 2021 © Dipam Jentilal Joshi DECLARATION I declare that the thesis entitled A DIASPORIC STUDY OF SELECTED WORKS OF JHUMPA LAHIRI AND CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI submitted by me for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is the record of research work carried out by me during the period from 2014-2015 to 2020 under the supervision Dr. Seema R. Gida and this has not formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship, titles in this or any other University or other institution of higher learning. I further declare that the material obtained from other sources has been duly acknowledged in the thesis. I shall be solely responsible for any plagiarism or other irregularities, if noticed in the thesis. Signature of the Research Scholar: …………………………… Date: 03 – 05 – 2021 Name of Research Scholar: Dipam Jentilal Joshi Place: Bhuj i CERTIFICATE I certify that the work incorporated in the thesis A DIASPORIC STUDY OF SELECTED WORKS OF JHUMPA LAHIRI AND CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI submitted by Shri Dipam Jentilal Joshi was carried out by the candidate under my supervision/guidance. To the best of my knowledge: (i) the candidate has not submitted the same research work to any other institution for any degree/diploma, Associateship, Fellowship or other similar titles (ii) the thesis submitted is a record of original research work done by the Research Scholar during the period of study under my supervision, and (iii) the thesis represents independent research work on the part of the Research Scholar. Signature of Supervisor: ……………………………… Date: 03 – 05 - 2021 Name of Supervisor: Dr. Seema R. Gida Place: Rajkot ii Course-work Completion Certificate This is to certify that Mr./Mrs./Ms. Dipam Jentilal Joshi enrolment no. 149997571004 is a PhD scholar enrolled for PhD program in the branch of Humanities – English Discipline of Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad. (Please tick the relevant option(s)) He/She has been exempted from the course-work (successfully completed during M.Phil Course) He/She has been exempted from Research Methodology Course only (successfully completed during M.Phil Course) He/She has successfully completed the PhD course work for the partial requirement for √ the award of PhD Degree. His/ Her performance in the course work is as follows- Grade Obtained in Research Methodology Grade Obtained in Self Study Course (PH001) (Core Subject) (PH002) BB AB Supervisor‟s Sign (Dr. Seema R. Gida) iii Originality Report Certificate It is certified that PhD Thesis titled A DIASPORIC STUDY OF SELECTED WORKS OF JHUMPA LAHIRI AND CHITRA BANERJEE DIVAKARUNI by Dipam Jentilal Joshi has been examined by us. We undertake the following: a. Thesis has significant new work / knowledge as compared already published or are under consideration to be published elsewhere. No sentence, equation, diagram, table, paragraph or section has been copied verbatim from previous work unless it is placed under quotation marks and duly referenced. b. The work presented is original and own work of the author (i.e. there is no plagiarism). No ideas, processes, results or words of others have been presented as Author own work. c. There is no fabrication of data or results which have been compiled / analysed. d. There is no falsification by manipulating research materials, equipment or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record. e. The thesis has been checked using Urkund (copy of originality report attached) and found within limits as per GTU Plagiarism Policy and instructions issued from time to time (i.e. permitted similarity index <10%). Signature of the Research Scholar: ……………………….… Date: 03 – 05 – 2021 Name of Research Scholar: Dipam Jentilal Joshi Place: Bhuj Signature of Supervisor: ……………………………….………Date: 03 – 05 - 2021 Name of Supervisor: Dr. Seema R. Gida Place: Rajkot iv v PhD THESIS Non-Exclusive License to GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY In consideration of being a PhD Research Scholar at GTU and in the interests of the facilitation of research at GTU and elsewhere, I, Dipam Jentilal Joshi having (Enrollment No.) 149997571004 hereby grant a non-exclusive, royalty free and perpetual license to GTU on the following terms: a) GTU is permitted to archive, reproduce and distribute my thesis, in whole or in part, and/or my abstract, in whole or in part ( referred to collectively as t anywhere in the world, for non-commercial purposes, in all forms of media; b) GTU is permitted to authorize, sub-lease, sub-contract or procure any of the acts mentioned in paragraph (a); c) GTU is authorized to submit the Work at any National / International Library, under the authority of their “Thesis Non-Exclusive License” d) The Universal Copyright Notice (©) shall appear on all copies made under the authority of this license; e) I undertake to submit my thesis, through my University, to any Library and Archives. Any abstract submitted with the thesis will be considered to form part of the thesis. f) I represent that my thesis is my original work, does not infringe any rights of others, including privacy rights, and that I have the right to make the grant conferred by this non-exclusive license. g) If third party copyrighted material was included in my thesis for which, under the terms of the Copyright Act, written permission from the copyright owners is required, I have obtained such permission from the copyright owners to do the acts mentioned in paragraph (a) above for the full term of copyright protection. h) I retain copyright ownership and moral rights in my thesis, and may deal with the copyright in my thesis, in any way consistent with rights granted by me to my University in this non-exclusive license. vi i) I further promise to inform any person to whom I may hereafter assign or license my copyright in my thesis of the rights granted by me to my University in this non- exclusive license. j) I am aware of and agree to accept the conditions and regulations of PhD including all policy matters related to authorship and plagiarism. Signature of the Research Scholar :_______________________________ Name of Research Scholar: Dipam Jentilal Joshi Date: 03 – 05 – 2021 Place: Bhuj Signature of Supervisor: ___________________________________ Name of Supervisor: Dr. Seema R. Gida Date: 03 – 05 – 2021 Place: Rajkot Seal: Associate Professor & Head of English Department The Late M. J. Kundaliya Arts and Commerce Mahila College, Rajkot vii viii ABSTRACT The present research aims to evaluate selected novels of two prominent Indian American writers Jhumpa Lahiri and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni in the light of theory and attributes of diaspora. Primarily diaspora means voluntary or forceful migration from one‟s native country to a foreign country for the purpose of residence. In diaspora, members of the immigrant community share collective ethnic consciousness and maintain strong bondages with their native land. Diaspora generates some existential issues for immigrants such as feelings of displacement, cultural conflict, identity confusion, etc. Of course, the immigrants have the option whether to give up language, culture and traditions of their native land or continue cherishing them in the settled land. But in most cases, even though immigrants embrace the culture and lifestyle of the settled land, they cannot completely abandon their roots and values of their native land. Most diasporic dilemmas are attributed to the cultural conflict. The native culture of the immigrants clashes with the culture of the settled land and generates further issues like identification and so on. The expressions of such experiences by immigrant writers in literature have given birth to „Diaspora Literature‟. Both the chosen writers Jhumpa Lahiri and Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni are prominent writers of Indian Diaspora. The Namesake and The Lowland written by Jhumpa Lahiri and The Mistress of Spices and Queen of Dreams written by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni are chosen for the present research. The primary results of the research indicate that in Jhumpa Lahiri‟s work, there are Indian roots and American life. The characters face constant pull of two contradictory cultures and lifestyles. Their memory and nostalgia act as an access to their roots and relieve them from the pangs of alienation. The issues of identity become severe especially for the second generation who end up making compromises with their hybrid identity. In Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni‟s works, the characters struggle to ascertain their roots by cherishing cultural heritage and glorifying the past. She also touches issues of racial discrimination and patriarchal dominance in her novels. Her characters show desire to assimilate with the western society, but the racial discrimination poses questions against their identity. ix Both the novelists have chronicled journey of self discovery, identity crises and gradual process of negotiating two cultures in their novels. The present research has focused on various diasporic dilemmas experienced by the characters in all four novels and the resolutions sought by them are also probed into. An in depth study has been made adopting a diasporic approach. x Acknowledgement It gives me immense pleasure to thank all those who have contributed to this study in innumerable ways. First and foremost I am deeply grateful to my research supervisor Dr. Seema Gida, Associate Professor, The Late M. J. Kundaliya Arts and Commerce Mahila College, Rajkot for her guidance, support and motivation. Her sharp insight, perfect guidance and affectionate attitude have helped me overcome all research related problems. No amount of thanks would suffice the laborious hours she spent going through the different drafts of thesis at different stages and offering me the much needed guidance, spanning the selection of the topic and the end product, the thesis itself.
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