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AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 3141, 31 pp., 11 figures, 3 tables June 30, 1995 Orgin of the Greater Antillean Land Mammal Fauna, 1: New Tertiary Fossils from Cuba and Puerto Rico R. D. E. MAcPHEE' AND MANUEL A. ITURRALDE-VINENT2 ABSTRACT A new isolobodontine capromyid rodent (Za- Oligocene boundary. Underthe terms ofthis mod- zamys veronicae, new genus and species) and a new el it is not expected that any land mammal faunal platyrrhine primate (unnamed genus and species elements of greater than Late Eocene age will be A) are described from material recovered at Domo found in these islands. It is reasonable to infer that de Zaza, an important late Early Miocene locality Tertiary Antillean mammal groups were widely in south-central Cuba near the town ofSancti Spir- distributed throughout this terrain, and the dis- itus. Also described is a femur believed to repre- covery of a biogeographical "ghost" (Zazamys) sent a small megalonychid sloth (unnamed genus supports this. and species B), from a well-dated Early Oligocene Emergent parts of the present-day Greater An- site near the town ofYauco in southwestern Puerto tilles were in a close-packed array until the com- Rico. mencement of the Neogene. They formed part of These and other discoveries in the Greater An- a long-lasting positive topographic feature of the tilles establish that these islands supported a di- Caribbean Basin, here dubbed GAARlandia. Dur- verse land mammal fauna from the Oligocene on- ing the Late Eocene-Oligocene, this feature in- ward. Pertinent geological evidence is consistent cluded Cuba, northern Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, with the proposition that the initiators of all or Virgin Islands, Aves Rise, and the Venezuelan An- practically all founder clades of Antillean land tillas Menores. Since latest Oligocene, GAARian- mammals were emplaced there near the Eocene- dia has undergone disruption and fragmentation ' Chairman and Curator, Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History. 2 Curator, Geology and Paleontology Group, Museo Nacional de HistoriaNatural, Capitolio Nacional, CH- 10200, La Habana, Cuba. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1995 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $4.90 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 3141 into its modem insular components, a process that mammals throughout the later Cenozoic, and this forced vicariance ofthe original fauna. Extinction has important implications for interpreting their has also shaped the distribution of Antillean land historical biogeography. RESUMEN Un nuevo roedor capromydo isolobodontido estas islas. Es razonable, asimismo, inferir que los (Zazamys veronicae, nuevo genero y especie) y un grupos de mamiferos terrestres estaban amplia- nuevo primate platyrrhinido (genero y especie A, mente distribuidos en las tierras antillanas, y el sin denominar) se describen a partir del material descubrimiento de un "fantasma" biogeografico recobrado en Domo de Zaza, una importante lo- (Zazamys) en el Mioceno Inferior de Cuba, sus- calidad fosilifera del Mioceno Inferior tardio si- tenta esta afirmacion. tuada en la region sur-central de Cuba, cercana a Las partes emergidas de las actuales Antillas la ciudad de Sancti Spiritus. Tambien se describe Mayores formaban entonces un conjunto mas un femur que se cree representa un pequeiio pe- compacto hasta el comienzo del Neogeno. Ellas rezoso megalonychido (genero y especie B, sin de- formaban parte de un elemento topografico po- nominar), de un sitio paleontologico bien datado sitivo muy duradero en la cuenca del Caribe, el de edad Oligoceno Inferior, localizado cerca de la cual aqui se denomina GAARlandia. Durante el ciudad de Yauco, en el suroeste de Puerto Rico. Eoceno Superior-Oligoceno, este elemento incluia Estos descubrimientos, unido a otros recien rea- a Cuba, La Espaniola septentrional, Puerto Rico, lizados en las Antillas Mayores, permiten estable- Islas Virgenes, Cresta de Aves y las Antillas Me- cer que estas islas ya soportaban una variada fauna nores Venezolanas. A partir del Oligoceno tardio, de mamiferos terrestres a partir del Oligocene. Las comenzo la fracturacion y dispersion de GAAR- evidencias geologicas son consistentes con la pro- landia hasta formar sus componentes insulares ac- posicion de que los iniciadores de todos, o prac- tuales, un proceso que forz6o la vicariancia de la ticamente de todos los clados fundadores de la fauna original. Las extinciones que han ocurrido fauna de mamiferos terrestres antillanos, se em- a traves del Cenozoico tardio, tambien es probable plazaron en estas tierras cerca del limite Eoceno- que hayan contribuido a conformar la distribucion Oligoceno. Bajo los terminos de este modelo, es actual de los mamiferos terrestres Antillanos, y de esperar que ningun mamifero terrestre mas estos tiene importantes implicaciones para la in- antiguo que Eoceno Superior sea encontrado en terpretacion de su biogeografia historica. INTRODUCTION How and when the ancestors of the land Rico. We also extend and modify our model vertebrate fauna ofthe Greater Antilles man- of the land-mammal colonization of the aged to reach those islands are topics per- Greater Antilles (MacPhee and Iturralde-Vi- ennially debated in biogeography (for recent nent, 1994). In the text, the age of stage and examples, see Hedges et al. [1992, 1994] and epoch boundaries cited in millions of years Page and Lydeard [1994]). Although agree- (Ma) follows the framework ofHarland et al. ment concerning the method(s) of coloniza- (1990). tion is evidently not in sight, there is a grow- ing fossil tally (table 1) which provides un- deniable evidence that founder clades were ABBREVIATIONS already well represented in the islands by the mid-Cenozoic. As noted elsewhere (MacPhee AMNH American Museum of Natural His- and Wyss, 1990), fossils are empirical doc- tory uments with temporal as well as phylogenetic AMNH M American Museum of Natural His- are im- tory, Department of Mammalogy implications, and as such critically AMNH VP American Museum of Natural His- portant to the reconstruction ofbiogeograph- tory, Department of Vertebrate Pa- ical history. leontology In this report we announce the discovery e estimate (in measurement, due to of the second and third land mammals of breakage) Tertiary age from Cuba, and bring attention Fm formation to the first such discovery made in Puerto JD Juana Diaz Fm (sensu Frost et al., 1995 MAcPHEE AND ITURRALDE-VINENT: TERTIARY MAMMALS 3 1983), not including "upper carbon- grateful to Prof. Edward Robinson (Depart- ate member" ment of Geology, University of the West In- Ma millions of years (ago) dies) and Lic. Gena Fernandez (CIDP-Cu- MNHNH Museo Nacional de Historia Natural pet, Cuba) for identifying foraminifers in our (La Habana) Yauco samples (see text). MNHNH P Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (La Habana), paleontological collec- tions of Departamento de Colec- EARLY MIOCENE RODENT AND ciones PRIMATE FROM CUBA MNHNH V Museo Nacional de Historia Natural referable to sub- (La Habana), vertebrate collections A new capromyid rodent, of Departamento de Colecciones family Isolobodontinae, is named here on the rev. reversed (as applied to figures, to fa- basis of dental material from the important cilitate comparison) Early Miocene locality of Domo de Zaza in UC "upper carbonate member," in older the province ofSancti Spiritus. A platyrrhine definitions of Juana Diaz Fm monkey is also represented in the Zaza ma- terial by a single, well-preserved astragalus. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Although the astragalus appears to represent Fieldwork at Domo de Zaza was conducted a species new to science, it makes a poor under the auspices ofagreements between the holotype. Accordingly, until specimens ca- Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, the pable ofproviding a secure diagnosis are dis- former Academia de Ciencias de Cuba (pres- covered, we shall simply refer to the new Zaza ent Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnologia y Me- anthropoid as "unnamed genus and species dio Ambiente) and the American Museum of A (primate)." Locality information is kept Natural History, and was financed by grants purposely brief, since this site and its context from the National Science Foundation (NSF is fully described in another paper (MacPhee BSR 900002) and the AMNH. Fieldwork at et al., in prep.). Yauco was conducted with the assistance of the Departamento de Geologia, Universidad RODENTIA de Puerto Rico (Recinto de Mayagiiez) and CAPROMYIDAE: ISOLOBODONTINAE Victor Gonzalez ofSan Juan, and was funded by a grant from the Caribbean Scientific Ini- Zazamys veronicae, new genus and species tiative ofthe RARE Center for Tropical Con- HOLOTYPE: Left mandibular ?M3 servation. For assistance at Domo de 7aza, (MNHNH P 3072; fig. IA, F-G), found in we extend special thanks to Stephen Diaz lag deposit near south end of Domo de Zaza Franco, Osvaldo Jimenez Vasquez, Luis section by 0. Jimenez in February 1994. Olmo, Reynaldo Rojas Consuegra, and Pavel ETYMoLoGY: Zaza (locality name) + ,uva Valdes Ruiz. In connection with the Puerto (mouse). Species name for Veronica Mahan- Rican expedition, we thank Profs. James ger MacPhee, in gratitude for her unflagging Joyce and Hernan Santos (Universidad de help and sharp editing pencil. Puerto Rico, Mayagiiez) for information con- TYPE LocALiTY AND AGE: Domo de Zaza, cerning the Yauco site, and Veronica a locality in late Early Miocene Lagunitas Fm MacPhee and Clare Flemming for assistance of south-central Cuba. For detailed locality in the field. We also thank Veronica and Clare information and age assessment, see Mac- for assistance in editing the manuscript ver- Phee and Iturralde-Vinent (1994) and sion of this paper. RDEM took the photo- MacPhee et al. (in prep.). graphs used in figures 9 and 11; MIV drew REFERRED MATERIAL: Right mandibular figures 8 and 10; all other illustrations are the Ml or M2 (MNHNH P 3058, fig. 1B, rev.) work of our talented artists Lorraine Meeker and left mandibular Ml or M2 (MNHNH P (figs. 1, 2, 3 and 5) and Clare Flemming (figs. 3071, fig.
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