Neotropical Primates
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Paralouatta Varonai. a New Quaternary Platyrrhine from Cuba
Manuel River0 Paralouatta varonai. a new Quaternary Faruldad de Biologia, 1 ~niversidadde platyrrhine from Cuba IA Habana, Ln Habana, Cuba Paralouatta varonai, new gen. and sp., from the Quaternary of Cuba, is diag- Oscar Arredondo nosed on the basis ofa skull lacking only portions of the face and the anterior dentition. Among extant platyrrhines, the new monkey shares important derived resemblances with Alouatta, including: (1) form of hafting of the neurocranium and face, (2) depth of malar corpus, and (3) marked lateral flaring of the maxillary root of the zygomatic process. It differs from Alouatta Received 27 June 1990 in mostly primitive ways, including: (1) presence of downwardly-directed Revision received 1 October 1990 foramen magnum, (2) less vertical orientation ofnuchal plane, and (3) curw and accepted I November 1990 of Spee opening less sharply upward. A conspicuous autapomorphy of P. vnronai is the extremely large size of the orbits, paralleled among living ~~vul~,rds;Platyrrhini, Atelidae. piatyrrhines only in Aotw. ~w&xuztln onrona:, Quaternary, Cuba, Fossil primates. journal oj Human .!hlution ( 1991) 21, l-1 1 introduction It is increasingly apparent that the Greater Antilles possessed a diverse array of platyrrhine primates during geologically recent times. To date, primate remains have been recovered from cave sites on three of these islands-Jamaica, Hispaniola and Cuba (Ameghino, 19 10; Miller, 1916, 1929; Williams & Koopman, 1952; Rimoli, 1977; MacPhee & Woods, 1982; Ford & Morgan, 1986,1988; Ford, 1990; MacPhee & Fleagle, in press). Some of this material has yet to be formally described and the number of good species represented in existing collections is unclear. -
1 CURRICULUM VITAE E. Christopher Kirk Department of Anthropology Phone: (512) 471-0056 2201 Speedway Stop C3200 Fax: (512) 47
CURRICULUM VITAE E. Christopher Kirk Department of Anthropology Phone: (512) 471-0056 2201 Speedway Stop C3200 Fax: (512) 471-6535 University of Texas at Austin [email protected] Austin, Texas 78712 PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS 2016-Present University Distinguished Teaching Professor, University of Texas at Austin 2015-Present Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin 2014-Present Research Associate, Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, Jackson School Museum of Earth History, University of Texas at Austin 2009-2015 Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin 2005-2014 Assistant Research Professor, Texas Memorial Museum, University of Texas at Austin 2003-2009 Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin 2000-2003 Instructor, Department of Biological Anthropology and Anatomy, Duke University EDUCATION Ph.D. 2003 Biological Anthropology and Anatomy: Duke University B.A. 1995 Anthropology: University of Texas at Austin PROFESSIONAL AND HONOR SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS American Association of Physical Anthropology Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Phi Beta Kappa HONORS & AWARDS 2016 Member, Academy of Distinguished Teachers – Recognizes tenured faculty members who have made sustained and significant contributions to education, particularly at the undergraduate level; Nominated by the Department of Anthropology and the College of Liberal Arts 2016 Billy Carr Distinguished Teaching Fellowship – Awarded in recognition of my efforts to include students -
An Extinct Monkey from Haiti and the Origins of the Greater Antillean Primates
An extinct monkey from Haiti and the origins of the Greater Antillean primates Siobhán B. Cookea,b,c,1, Alfred L. Rosenbergera,b,d,e, and Samuel Turveyf aGraduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016; bNew York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY 10016; cDepartment of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708; dDepartment of Anthropology and Archaeology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210; eDepartment of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024; and fInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom Edited* by Elwyn L. Simons, Duke University, Durham, NC, and approved December 30, 2010 (received for review June 29, 2010) A new extinct Late Quaternary platyrrhine from Haiti, Insulacebus fragment (Fig. 2 and Table 1). The latter preserves alveoli from toussaintiana, is described here from the most complete Caribbean left P4 to the right canine. subfossil primate dentition yet recorded, demonstrating the likely coexistence of two primate species on Hispaniola. Like other Carib- Etymology bean platyrrhines, I. toussaintiana exhibits primitive features resem- Insula (L.) means island, and cebus (Gr.) means monkey; The bling early Middle Miocene Patagonian fossils, reflecting an early species name, toussaintiana, is in honor of Toussainte Louverture derivation before the Amazonian community of modern New World (1743–1803), a Haitian hero and a founding father of the nation. anthropoids was configured. This, in combination with the young age of the fossils, provides a unique opportunity to examine a different Type Locality and Site Description parallel radiation of platyrrhines that survived into modern times, but The material was recovered in June 1984 from Late Quaternary ′ ′ is only distantly related to extant mainland forms. -
8. Primate Evolution
8. Primate Evolution Jonathan M. G. Perry, Ph.D., The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Stephanie L. Canington, B.A., The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Learning Objectives • Understand the major trends in primate evolution from the origin of primates to the origin of our own species • Learn about primate adaptations and how they characterize major primate groups • Discuss the kinds of evidence that anthropologists use to find out how extinct primates are related to each other and to living primates • Recognize how the changing geography and climate of Earth have influenced where and when primates have thrived or gone extinct The first fifty million years of primate evolution was a series of adaptive radiations leading to the diversification of the earliest lemurs, monkeys, and apes. The primate story begins in the canopy and understory of conifer-dominated forests, with our small, furtive ancestors subsisting at night, beneath the notice of day-active dinosaurs. From the archaic plesiadapiforms (archaic primates) to the earliest groups of true primates (euprimates), the origin of our own order is characterized by the struggle for new food sources and microhabitats in the arboreal setting. Climate change forced major extinctions as the northern continents became increasingly dry, cold, and seasonal and as tropical rainforests gave way to deciduous forests, woodlands, and eventually grasslands. Lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers—once diverse groups containing many species—became rare, except for lemurs in Madagascar where there were no anthropoid competitors and perhaps few predators. Meanwhile, anthropoids (monkeys and apes) emerged in the Old World, then dispersed across parts of the northern hemisphere, Africa, and ultimately South America. -
Stem Members of Platyrrhini Are Distinct from Catarrhines in at Least One Derived Cranial Feature
Journal of Human Evolution 100 (2016) 16e24 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol Stem members of Platyrrhini are distinct from catarrhines in at least one derived cranial feature * Ethan L. Fulwood a, , Doug M. Boyer a, Richard F. Kay a, b a Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA b Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA article info abstract Article history: The pterion, on the lateral aspect of the cranium, is where the zygomatic, frontal, sphenoid, squamosal, Received 3 August 2015 and parietal bones approach and contact. The configuration of these bones distinguishes New and Old Accepted 2 August 2016 World anthropoids: most extant platyrrhines exhibit contact between the parietal and zygomatic bones, while all known catarrhines exhibit frontal-alisphenoid contact. However, it is thought that early stem- platyrrhines retained the apparently primitive catarrhine condition. Here we re-evaluate the condition of Keywords: key fossil taxa using mCT (micro-computed tomography) imaging. The single known specimen of New World monkeys Tremacebus and an adult cranium of Antillothrix exhibit the typical platyrrhine condition of parietal- Pterion Homunculus zygomatic contact. The same is true of one specimen of Homunculus, while a second specimen has the ‘ ’ Tremacebus catarrhine condition. When these new data are incorporated into an ancestral state reconstruction, they MicroCT support the conclusion that pterion frontal-alisphenoid contact characterized the last common ancestor of crown anthropoids and that contact between the parietal and zygomatic is a synapomorphy of Platyrrhini. -
The Extinction of Xenothrix Mcgregori, Jamaica's Last Monkey
Journal of Mammalogy, 98(4):937–949, 2017 DOI:10.1093/jmammal/gyw165 The extinction of Xenothrix mcgregori, Jamaica’s last monkey SIOBHÁN B. COOKE,* ALEXIS M. MYCHAJLIW, JOHN SOUTHON, AND ROSS D. E. MacPHEE Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument Street, Room 305A, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA (SBC) Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (AMM) Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA (JS) Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA (RDEM) * Correspondent: [email protected] The Jamaican primate, Xenothrix mcgregori, regarded variously as either a pitheciid or a stem platyrrhine, was the terminal branch of a clade that likely entered the West Indies at least as early as the Early Miocene, although its lineage is represented by fossils of Quaternary age only. We present a new direct radiocarbon-based date of 1,477 ± 34 calibrated years before present (cal BP) for the last documented appearance of this species in the fossil record. We employed the Gaussian-resampled, inverse-weighted McInerny et al. (GRIWM) method to estimate the extinction date of X. mcgregori, based on the data presented here as well as 6 other dates derived from X. mcgregori sites. On this basis, we estimated a last occurrence ~900 BP. The cause or causes of this extinction, as well as the many others that occurred in late Quaternary of the Greater Antilles, remain a matter of debate. -
The Evolution of the Platyrrhine Talus: a Comparative Analysis of the Phenetic Affinities of the Miocene Platyrrhines with Their Modern Relatives
Journal of Human Evolution 111 (2017) 179e201 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives * Thomas A. Püschel a, , Justin T. Gladman b, c,Rene Bobe d, e, William I. Sellers a a School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom b Department of Anthropology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA c NYCEP, New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA d Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile e Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Platyrrhines are a diverse group of primates that presently occupy a broad range of tropical-equatorial Received 8 August 2016 environments in the Americas. However, most of the fossil platyrrhine species of the early Miocene Accepted 26 July 2017 have been found at middle and high latitudes. Although the fossil record of New World monkeys has Available online 29 August 2017 improved considerably over the past several years, it is still difficult to trace the origin of major modern clades. One of the most commonly preserved anatomical structures of early platyrrhines is the talus. Keywords: This work provides an analysis of the phenetic affinities of extant platyrrhine tali and their Miocene New World monkeys counterparts through geometric morphometrics and a series of phylogenetic comparative analyses. Talar morphology fi Geometric morphometrics Geometric morphometrics was used to quantify talar shape af nities, while locomotor mode per- Locomotor mode percentages centages (LMPs) were used to test if talar shape is associated with locomotion. -
First North American Fossil Monkey and Early Miocene Tropical Biotic Interchange Jonathan I
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature17415 First North American fossil monkey and early Miocene tropical biotic interchange Jonathan I. Bloch1, Emily D. Woodruff1,2, Aaron R. Wood1,3, Aldo F. Rincon1,4, Arianna R. Harrington1,2,5, Gary S. Morgan6, David A. Foster4, Camilo Montes7, Carlos A. Jaramillo8, Nathan A. Jud1, Douglas S. Jones1 & Bruce J. MacFadden1 New World monkeys (platyrrhines) are a diverse part of modern Primates Linnaeus, 1758 tropical ecosystems in North and South America, yet their early Anthropoidea Mivart, 1864 evolutionary history in the tropics is largely unknown. Molecular Platyrrhini Geoffroy, 1812 divergence estimates suggest that primates arrived in tropical Cebidae Bonaparte, 1831 Central America, the southern-most extent of the North American Panamacebus transitus gen. et sp. nov. landmass, with several dispersals from South America starting with the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama 3–4 million years Etymology. Generic name combines ‘Panama’ with ‘Cebus’, root taxon ago (Ma)1. The complete absence of primate fossils from Central for Cebidae. Specific name ‘transit’ (Latin, crossing) refers to its implied America has, however, limited our understanding of their history early Miocene dispersal between South and North America. in the New World. Here we present the first description of a fossil Holotype. UF 280128, left upper first molar (M1; Fig. 2a, b). monkey recovered from the North American landmass, the oldest Referred material. Left upper second molar (M2; UF 281001; Fig. 2a, b), known crown platyrrhine, from a precisely dated 20.9-Ma layer in partial left lower first incisor (I1; UF 280130), right lower second the Las Cascadas Formation in the Panama Canal Basin, Panama. -
New Primate Genus from the Miocene of Argentina
New primate genus from the Miocene of Argentina Marcelo F. Tejedor*†, Ada´ n A. Tauber‡, Alfred L. Rosenberger§¶, Carl C. Swisher IIIʈ, and Marı´aE. Palacios** *Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficasy Te´cnicas, Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Evolucio´n y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Sede Esquel, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ‘‘San Juan Bosco,’’ Sarmiento 849, 9200 Esquel, Argentina; ‡Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fı´sicasy Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Co´rdoba, Avenida Velez Sarsfield 249, 5000 Co´rdoba, Argentina; §Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210; ¶Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy), American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 11024; ʈDepartment of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854; and **Museo Regional Provincial ‘‘Padre Manuel Jesu´s Molina,’’ Ramo´n y Cajal 51, 9400 Rı´oGallegos, Argentina Edited by Jeremy A. Sabloff, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA, and approved December 28, 2005 (received for review August 4, 2005) Killikaike blakei is a new genus and species of anthropoid from the of the estuary of the Rio Gallegos river. The stratigraphy is late Early Miocene of southeastern Argentina based on the most divided into two members (6): Estancia La Costa (120 m thick pristine fossil platyrrhine skull and dentition known so far. It is part with 18 fossiliferous levels) and Estancia Angelina (103 m thick of the New World platyrrhine clade (Family Cebidae; Subfamily with four fossiliferous levels). There are two types of volcanic ash Cebinae) including modern squirrel (Saimiri) and capuchin mon- at the locality. -
Comparative Biogeography of Neotropical Primates Molecular
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2014) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Review Special issue: Comparative biogeography of Neotropical primates ⇑ Jessica W. Lynch Alfaro a,b, , Liliana Cortés-Ortiz c, Anthony Di Fiore d, Jean P. Boubli e,f a Institute for Society and Genetics, 1321 Rolfe Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA b Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA c Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA d Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, USA e School of Environment and Life Sciences, 315 Peel Building, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK f Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia INPA, Manaus, Brazil article info abstract Article history: New research presented in this special issue of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution on the ‘‘Phylogeny Received 29 July 2014 and Biogeography of Neotropical Primates’’ greatly improves our understanding of the evolutionary his- Revised 20 September 2014 tory of the New World monkeys and provides insights into the multiple platyrrhine radiations, diversi- Accepted 30 September 2014 fications, extinctions, and recolonizations that have taken place over time and over space in the Available online xxxx Neotropics. Here, we synthesize genetic and biogeographic research from the past several years to con- struct an overarching hypothesis for -
Un Evolucionista En El Plata Florentino Ameghino
UN EVOLUCIONISTA EN EL PLATA FLORENTINO AMEGHINO Adrià Casinos Departamento de Biología Animal Universidad de Barcelona Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas CEBBAD – Instituto Superior de Investigaciones – Universidad Maimónides Hidalgo 775 P. 7° - Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (54) 11-4905-1100 int. 1228 / www.fundacionazara.org.ar Diseño gráfico: Facundo Colantonio / Guido Gardini Escuela de Comunicación Multimedial - Universidad Maimónides Impreso en Argentina – 2012 Se ha hecho el depósito que marca la ley 11.723. No se permite la reproducción parcial o total, el almacenamiento, el alquiler, la transmisión o la transformación de este libro, en cualquier forma o por cualquier medio, sea electrónico o mecánico, mediante fotocopias, digitalización u otros métodos, sin el permiso previo y escrito del editor. Su infracción está penada por las leyes 11.723 y 25.446. El contenido de este libro es responsable de sus autores. Casinos, Adriá Un evolucionista en el plata : Florentino Ameghino . - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires : Funda- ción de Historia Natural Félix de Azara, 2012. 430 p. ; 24x17 cm. - (Monografías Fundación Azara / Adrián Giacchino) ISBN 978-987-27785-0-7 1. Ciencias Naturales. I. Título. CDD 570 Fecha de catalogación: 13/01/2012 “(Ameghino) fue, a la par que un colosal descriptor y clasificador de los vestigios de la vida pasada, un creador de ideas, un gestador de teorías, un innovador en el terreno del pensamiento científico y un valiente defensor de sus creencias” Osvaldo A. Reig, Excelencia y atraso, p. 70. A la fraterna memoria de Osvaldo, a quien imagino mateando con Florentino por algún rincón del universo infinito. -
Newsletter Number 85
The Palaeontology Newsletter Contents 85 Editorial 2 Association Business 3 Association Meetings 16 From our correspondents 28,000 leagues across the sea 20 R for palaeontologists: Introduction 28 Future meetings of other bodies 39 Meeting Reports 46 Obituary Richard Aldridge 66 Sylvester-Bradley reports 69 Publicity Officer: Old Fossils, New Media 82 Book Reviews 85 Books available to review 92 Palaeontology vol 57 parts 1 & 2 93–94 Reminder: The deadline for copy for Issue no 86 is 9th June 2014. On the Web: <http://www.palass.org/> ISSN: 0954-9900 Newsletter 85 2 Editorial The role of Newsletter Reporter is becoming part of the portfolio of responsibilities of the PalAss Publicity Officer, which is Liam Herringshaw’s new post on Council. This reflects a broader re-organization of posts on Council that are aimed at enhancing the efforts of the Association. Council now includes the posts of Education Officer and Outreach Officer, who will, along with the Publicity Officer, develop strategies to engage with different target audiences. The Association has done what it can to stay abreast of developments in social media, through the establishment of the Palass Twitter Feed (@ThePalAss), the development of Palaeontology [online] and the work of Palaeocast, which is a project that has received support from the Association. Progressive Palaeontology has more or less migrated to Facebook. Such methods of delivery have overtaken the Newsletter, the News side-boxes on the Pal Ass website and … However, our real asset in the publicity sphere is you, the members. As palaeontologists, we hold the subject-specific knowledge and the links among the different spheres of knowledge in the other sciences that contribute to our understanding of the history of life.