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Guide Specification for High Performance Concrete for Bridges

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Guide Specification for High Performance Concrete for Bridges Guide Specification for High Performance Concrete for Bridges Michael A. Caldarone, Peter C. Taylor, Rachel J. Detwiler, Shrinivas B. Bhide Guide Specification for High-Performance Concrete for Bridges FIRST EDITION by Michael A. Caldarone, Peter C. Taylor, Rachel J. Detwiler, and Shrinivas B. Bhidé Portland Cement Association 5420 Old Orchard Road Skokie, Illinois 60077-1083 847.966.6200 Fax 847.966.9781 www.cement.org An organization of cement com- panies to improve and extend the uses of portland cement and con- crete through market development, engineering, research, education, and public affairs work. Guide Specification for High-Performance Concrete for Bridges KEYWORDS: AASHTO, abrasion resistance, admixtures, aggregates, air-entrained concrete, air void analyzer, alkali-carbonate reactivity, alkali-silica reactivity, ASR, ASTM, bridge, cement, cementitious materials, chemical admixtures, chloride ion pene- tration, cold weather, compressive strength, consistency, corrosion inhibitors, crack control, cracking, creep, curing, D-cracking, deck, durability, finishing, flowing concrete, footing, freeze/thaw durability, fly ash, girder, guide specification, high-performance concrete, hot weather, mass concrete, mixture proportioning, modulus of elasticity, pier, placing, portland cement concrete, performance, properties, quality assurance, quality control, ready mixed concrete, scaling resistance, SCC, self consolidating concrete, shrinkage, silica fume, slag cement, spacing factor, standards, structural concrete, sulfate resistance, supplementary cementitious materials, temperature control, tests, trial batches, volume changes, and water-cementitious materials ratio, w/cm. ABSTRACT: This guide specification is intended to serve as a guide for developing specifications for all high performance concretes supplied for highway bridges, whether produced by a ready mix supplier, a general contractor, or in a permanent plant of a precast concrete manufacturer. For the purposes of this specification, high performance concrete (HPC) is considered as concrete engineered to meet specific needs of a project; including: mechanical, durability, or constructability properties. The document provides mandatory language that the specifier can cut and paste into project specifications. It also includes guidance on what characteristics should be specified in a given case, and what performance limit is needed to ensure satisfactory performance for a given element or environment. REFERENCE: Michael A. Caldarone, Peter C. Taylor, Rachel J. Detwiler, and Shrinivas B. Bhidé; Guide Specification for High- Performance Concrete for Bridges, EB233, 1st edition, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, USA, 2005, 64 pages. Cover photo: Confederation Bridge, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, Canada, © 2005 Boily. © Portland Cement Association 2005 All rights reserved. PCA grants permission to include any or all parts of this document in specific project specifications. ISBN 0-89312-245-9 WARNING: Contact with wet (unhardened) concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures can cause SKIN IRRITATION, SEVERE CHEMICAL BURNS (THIRDDEGREE), or SERIOUS EYE DAMAGE. Frequent exposure may be associated with irri- tant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. Wear waterproof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, full-length trousers, and proper eye protection when working with these materials. If you have to stand in wet concrete, use waterproof boots that are high enough to keep concrete from flowing into them. Wash wet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from your skin immediately. Flush eyes with clean water immediately after contact. Indirect contact through clothing can be as serious as direct contact, so promptly rinse out wet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from clothing. Seek immediate medical attention if you have persistent or severe discomfort. Portland Cement Association ("PCA") is a not-for-profit organization and provides this publication solely for the continuing education of qualified professionals. THIS PUBLICATION SHOULD ONLY BE USED BY QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS who possess all required license(s), who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of the information provided herein, and who accept total responsibility for the application of this information. OTHER READERS SHOULD OBTAIN ASSISTANCE FROM A QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL BEFORE PROCEEDING. PCA AND ITS MEMBERS MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THIS PUBLICATION OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. IN PARTICULAR, NO WARRANTY IS MADE OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. PCA AND ITS MEMBERS DISCLAIM ANY PRODUCT LIABILITY (INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT) IN CONNECTION WITH THIS PUBLICATION OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. Research Index No. 02-05 EB233 R&D Serial No. 2755 ii Table of Contents Title Page . i Keywords, Abstract, and Reference . ii About the Authors . vi Acknowledgments . vi Introduction . 1 1.0 Scope. 2 2.0 References . 2 2.1 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) . 2 2.2 American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM International). 3 2.3 U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration . 4 2.4 American Concrete Institute (ACI) . 4 2.5 Portland Cement Association (PCA) . 5 2.6 Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI). 5 2.7 National Ready Mixed Concrete Association (NRMCA) . 5 3.0 Definitions . 5 4.0 Performance Requirements. 7 4.1 Abrasion Resistance . 7 4.2 Chloride Ion Penetration . 7 4.3 Compressive Strength . 7 4.4 Creep . 7 4.5 Modulus of Elasticity . 7 4.6 Freeze/Thaw Durability. 7 4.7 Scaling Resistance . 7 4.8 Shrinkage . 7 4.9 Sulfate Resistance . 7 4.10 Consistency . 8 4.11 Alkali-Silica Reactivity. 8 5.0 Materials . 8 5.1 Cementitious Materials . 8 5.2 Aggregates . 8 5.2.1 Grading and Impurities. 8 5.2.2 Durability . 8 5.2.2.1 Alkali-Silica Reactivity . 9 5.2.2.2 Alkali-Carbonate Reactivity . 9 5.2.2.3 D-Cracking . 9 5.3 Water . 10 iii 5.4 Chemical Admixtures . 10 6.0 Submission and Design Requirements . 10 6.1 Concrete Mixture Proportioning. 10 6.2 Concrete Production Facility Certification . 10 6.3 Concrete Materials. 10 6.4 Temperature Control Methods . 10 6.5 Crack Control Methods . 10 6.6 Curing . 11 6.7 Quality Control Plan. 11 7.0 Quality Management . 11 7.1 Quality Assurance . 11 7.2 Quality Control . ..
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