Aquaculture Research in the Africa Region
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Aquaculture Research inth e Africa Region Proceedings of the African Seminar on Aquaculture organised byth e International Foundation for Science (IFS), Stockholm,Sweden , held in Kisumu, Kenya,7-1 1 October 1985 Editor: E.A. Huisman RUAAf.BlBL 7O01AC MARIJKEWHO 40, ;5?ö?r- 3 WAGENINGEN T61.BROOW 0SS7O• 80Ö5 4 PudocWageninge n198 6 ?o isn 29^ ^ 1 CIP ISBN90-220-0907- 6 © Pudoc,Centr e for Agricultural Publishingan dDocumentation ,Wageningen ,th e Netherlands,198 6 Nopar to fthi spublication ,apar tfro mbibliographi cdat aan dbrie fquotation sembodie di n critical reviews,ma yb ereproduced ,re-recorde d or published inan yfor m including print, photocopy, microfim,elektroni c or elektromagnetic record without written permission from the publisher Pudoc,P.O . Box 4,670 0A A Wageningen, the Netherlands. Printed inth e Netherlands BIBLIOTHEEK LANDBOUWUNIVERSITEIT -WAGENINGE N CONTENTS Foreword Jaan Tear, Director International Foundation for Science I Opening Address H.E. 3.A.Omanga, Minister for Tourism and Wildlife 3 C.P.M.Khamala, Honorary Secretary, Kenya National Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, University of Nairobi, Kenya, The impact of the International Foundation of Science on Kenya and future collaboration with the Kenya National Academy of Sciences 5 Chr.Arosenius, Secrétaire Scientifique de la FIS Discours d'ouverture de la re'union FIS sur l'aquaculture en „ Afrique Ç E.A.Huisman, Current status and role of Aquaculture with special reference to the Africa region 11 g M.N.Kutty, Aquaculture development and training in Africa 23 P.O.J.Bwathondi, A review of Aquaculture practices in Tanzania 40 D.Goorah and K.Hawabhay, The status of Aquaculture in Mauritius / 43 A.Bouain, L'Aquaculture en Tunesië 49 C.T.Maguswi, Present status of Aquaculture in Zambia 51 J.Rasowo and J.Radull, Inoculation of brine shrimp, Artemia salina, in Kenya; expected impact on Aquaculture development 54 3.Moreau, C.Orachungwong, G.Segura et P.Tanthipwon, Alimentation du jeune Tilapia, application au développement de son e'levage intensif 60 A.C.Traore', Effets. du taux de nourissage (son de riz) et/ou de fertilisation (fientes de volaille) sur la croissance ponde'rale de Oreochromis niloticus en e'tang - e'tude de la rentabilité' finan cière de l'ope'ration 97 A.Cisse', Re'sultats préliminaires de l'alimentation artificielle de Tilapia guineensis (Bleeker) et Sarotherodon melanotheron (Rüppel) en élevage 103 f S.O.Allela, Development and research of Aquaculture in Kenya 112 F.Oduro-Boateng, Studies on the feeding of Tilapia discolor in floating cages in Lake Bosomtwi (Ghana) 115 /Q N.B.Iscandari, Studies to determine the possible value of Notop- teris afer as predator in Oreochromis niloticus ponds 123 M.N.Kutty, An analysis of factors affecting individual fish growth and pond fish production 129 H.J.Langholz, Breeding strategies in freshwater fish 143 O.V.Msiska, Induced spawning and early growth of Mpasa (Opsa- ridium microlepis) and Nchila (Labeo mesops) in tanks and earthen ponds 159 A.K.Dia et J.Z.Oteme, Etude de la qualité' de l'aliment et de la densité' sur le taux de survie des alevins de Chrysichthys nigro- digitatus 169 E.A.Huisman, The aquacultural potential of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) 175 S.Hem, Premiers re'sultats sur la reproduction contrôlée de Chrysich thys nigrodigitatus en milieu d'e'levage 189 *% 3.D.Balarin, R.D.Haller and A.T.C.Armitage, Research on intensive culture of Tilapia in tanks 206 A.Lucas, La production de naissan dans lastrategi e de développe ment de la conchyliculture 217 M.S.Shafee, Biological adaptation of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg) in a Moroccan lagoon at Oualida 227 _r-t P.O.J.Bwathondi, The future of floating cage culture in Tanzania 246 A.Rabelahatra, Amelioration de la production d'alevins de carpes 253 B.Ezenwa, K.Ikusemiju, C.I.C.Olaniyan, Comparative studies of the catfish Chryschthys nigrodigitatus (Lacepede) in three iso lated geographical areas in Nigeria for breeding purposes 258 B.Ezenwa, W.Odiete, I.Anyanwu, Studies on the structure of the pituitary gland of the catfish, Crysichthys nigrodigitatus (L.) and preliminary results from spawning in ponds and concrete tanks 263 tf 3.Moreau, Table ronde sur le développement de l'aquaculture en Afrique : Resume'. 269 List of participants 271 4* Foreword Aquaculture is one of the most interesting and challenging scientific areas supported by the International Foundation for Science (IFS). Since its incep tion in 1972 funding for research to outstanding young scientists in this area has nearly reached two million U.S.dollars. The workshop held in Kisumu, Kenya in October 1985, was the fifth orga nized by the Foundation for its aquaculture scientists. It was the first to be held in both French and English. The skillful interpretation by Mrs.T. C.Benamar and Mrs.T.Gaillard contributed a great deal to bringing the two linguistic groups closer together. The IFS would like to thank the French Ministry of Research and Techno logy for its generous financial contribution to the workshop and the local Kenyan Organizing Committee for their support. Sincere thanks are also in order to the IFS scientific advisers who attended and inspired the Kisumu meeting; Professors E.A.Huisman, The Netherlands; M.Kutty, Nigeria; H.J.Langholz, Germany; A.Lucas and J.Moreau, France. The proceedings of this workshop are contained in this volume, which appears thanks to the hard work of Prof.Huisman, who not only edited the papers, but also arranged with PUDOC Press for publication. His colleagues from the Wageningen Agricultural University also deserve thanks, especially Mr.W.Heije, who redrew the graphs and Mrs.A.H.M.van Ingen-Bouwmans, who typed the manuscripts. The greatest gratitude goes to the grantees themselves, for their contri butions which appear in this volume and for their enthusiasm during the meeting. Jaan Tear, Director International Foundation for Science Opening Address by His Excellency the Minister for Tourism and Wildlife, J.A.Omanga. Mr.Chairman, Madame Arosenius, Distinguished Scientists, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great pleasure and privilege to welcome you all on behalf of the Kenya Government, on this occasion when the International Foundation for Science holds its symposium on Aquaculture here in Kenya. Mr.Chairman, I must first take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude and thanks for the confidence and trust that the Foundation has in our country, indeed as manifested by your being here. It is a further manifestation and indication of your readiness and willingness to assist the developing countries, in particular those in Africa, in their effort to increase food production, particularly from aquatic sources. Mr.Chairman, I am aware that your concern today is in relation to aqua- culture, and how, I believe, aquaculture can be made to contribute signifi cantly to the total food output, which will be needed more and more by the ever increasing populations. This is a welcome concern which we all share, and I shall wish you the best in your deliberations. Before I address you on aquaculture, however I am tempted, too, to use this opportunity to say something equally important in relation to the overall efforts by African countries to increase their fish production, both from the inland waters,, as well as from the oceanic waters around us. Kenya attaches great importance to the training of qualified personnel, without which our effort to increase food production would not be possible. It is my anticipa tion that foundations, such as yours, would assist the countries in Africa in the furtherance of their efforts to achieve a degree of self-sufficiency in manpower. A symposium such as the one you are holding today offers an excellent opportunity for an exchange of views and information; the success of this symposium, I believe, depends to a large extent on the individual capability of the participants - the advantage of having qualified scientists is therefore rather obvious. To achieve a higher degree of self-sufficiency, Mr.Chairman, in this area, calls for cooperation amongst nations, organizations and above all willingness and readiness among the "haves" to share with the "have nots". Kenya is not blessed with facilities which can promote research and training. In spite of this Kenya is more than determined to contribute to the development of manpower by sharing its research facilities, by coopera ting in all regional endeavours geared towards the promotion of scientific capability. With trained manpower, I am sure that Africa could go a long way to allevi ate food shortages, especially of protein shortages, for instance by a big increase in fish production. Mr.Chairman, increased fish production, from whatever source, will depend to a large extent on management organized on a national scale, which as you know is a principal tool to permit sustained exploitation at an optimum level. As we are all aware, most current assessment concepts are not always applicable to the tropical stocks of both marine and freshwater origin, particularly in the developing countries. And yet it is these countries where major problems, especially as they affect artisanal fishermen, are most pronounced. Lack of adequate information based on sound scientific and Statistical data, and relevant methods, has led to a situation which no longer can be acccepted, and the situation must be arrested. I call upon you African Scientists and friends to consider methods and approaches which will facili tate the gathering and interpretation of information so as to improve the management of our fish resources. Mr.Chairman, 1 am equally aware of the need to improve the fishing and general harvesting techniques. I know, that we in the developing countries will not be in a position to achieve the status of most developed countries all at once.