104 ‘flowers brilliantly during the late November-January. Flowers are bright yellow standing up above the foliage and possess a M most pleasant perfume’; erect shrub, about3m in height, leaves dark green, to 40 cm long, clustered towards tips of stems, Mahonia pinnate with 17-21, flowers bright yellow, fragrant, about 1cm Berberidaceae. across, clustered in slender, erect or slightly arching, spikes, about 30cm long, about 10 spikes forming a crown at tip of each Mahonia, now often placed within Berberis, was named branch; Winter. Produces new growth freely from base, unlike after the Irish-born horticulturist Bernard McMahon of ‘Charity’. Philadelphia, USA. Origin: selected from the batch of Mahonia lomariifolia seed sown at the Slieve Donard Nursery, and then named M. x media ‘Charity’ and introduced by the Slieve Donard Nursery, Newcastle,1940s Shrub to 3 or more metres tall; leaves compound with about 19 Co. Down, after Sir Eric Savill has recognized the worth of leaflets; flowers in more or less erect spikes, lemon-yellow, the other seedlings and named ‘Charity’. November to March, ‘We are fortunate in being able to offer a form of [‘Charity’] Origin: at the Slieve Donard Nursery a batch of seed, which we have raised and christened.’ gathered from an open-pollinated plant of M. lomariifolia, I was, of course, shocked beyond words to find that I was sown and the resulting seedlings grown on. A quantity had let this wonderful hybrid [‘Charity’] slip through of these were sold to John Russell of L. R. Russell Ltd, my hands. Admittedly the plant was a tiny seedling Richmond Nursery, and then they were acquired by Sir Eric when I parted with it and no one could have spotted it. I Savill for planting in Windsor Great Park. (I take the began to wonder if any other seedling of the same opportunity again to correct my previous mistake – the brood remained on the nursery and a feverish hunt person who purchased the seedlings was John Russell, not ended triumphantly. I found eight. These were planted Jim Russell). by themselves and watched carefully for flower during Some years later when differences were noticed between the next winter. All were obviously hybrids and one in the seedlings and the seed-parent, it was realised that a particular is so good that I am beginning to wonder if it hybrid had formed. Two of the Windsor Great Park plants is not, in fact, superior to ‘Charity’. Only time and were considered worthy of propagation and naming. This careful comparison will give the answer to this hope. was the first cultivar; the other was ‘Charity’s Sister’. In all, [L. Slinger, in Nelson & Deane 1993, 82] three seedlings were eventually selected and named from a same batch of Mahonia lomariifolia seedlings (see also It became ‘Winter Sun’ and is perhaps better! ‘Winter Sun’). award: AGM (RHS). Leslie Slinger’s account of the origin and naming of ‘Charity’ refs: Slieve Donard Nursery catalogue January-April 1966, 3*; is printed in ‘Glory of Donard’ (Nelson & Deane 1993): Nelson & Deane, ‘Glory of Donard’ (1993), 80-82; Ir. garden 6 (9) (November-December 1997): 8; The plantsman 1 I think it would be well to shed some light on the rather (1979): 19. odd choice of name for the new Mahonia. I cannot think illust: Ir. garden 6 (9) (November-December 1997): 8. that many people, and certainly not me, will admire it. Yet there is a reason. When my friend, who had ❀❀❀ acquired the original seedling, first had proof of his foresight and ability to pick a winner, he began to Magnolia investigate the origin of the seedlings and, of course, he Magnoliaceae. traced them back to me. When he heard my story, his sympathy and compassion was expressed in his M. campbellii (1885) proposal of ‘Charity’ as the name of the plant. [L. Tree to 70 ft; flowers very large, tulip-shaped, white to deep Slinger, in Nelson & Deane 1993, 82] pink. Origin: I include this species because this sumptuous tree awards: AM RHS (27 January 1959), FCC RHS (November first bloomed in cultivation at Lakelands, Co. Cork, the 1962); AGM (RHS). garden of W. H. Crawford (see Brownea x crawfordii). refs: Walsh, Ross & Nelson, An Irish florilegium (1983), 154-155; Nelson, An Irish flower garden (1984), 35; Nelson I have known this most beautiful of all flowering shrubs & Deane, ‘Glory of Donard’ (1993), 80-82; The plantsman 1 that are natives of temperate climates ever since it first (1979): 12-20. bloomed in Europe many years ago in the garden of my illusts: An Irish florilegium (1983), plate 31; Ir. garden 6 (9) late friend, W. H. Crawford o Lakelands, near Cork.* (November-December 1997): 6. refs: Flora & sylva 2 (1904): 296-297*; The garden 104 (1979): M. x media ‘Charity’s Sister’ 495-496; Elwes & Henry, Trees of GB & Ireland VII (1912), No description traced. 1590-1592; Curtis’s bot. mag. (1885), tab. 6793; Garden Origin: the second of the three seedlings that were history 7 (2) (1979): 23-26; Lamb & Bowe, A history of eventually selected and named from the batch of M. gardening in Ireland (1995), 147-148. lomariifolia seed sown at the Slieve Donard Nursery, illusts: Curtis’s bot. mag. (1885), tab. 6793; Flora & sylva 2 Newcastle, Co. Down. This was named after ‘Charity’ and (1904): opp. p. 296 [painted at Belgrove by H. G. Moon]. was its sibling; introduced by Sir Eric Savill, Windsor, Berkshire. M. sargentiana var. robusta ‘Multipetal’ before 1986 Strangely, I have been unable to find a published syn: M. multipetala. description of this plant. Tree, flowers with 19-27 tepals, ‘double’; ‘flowers often have refs: Nelson & Deane, ‘Glory of Donard’ (1993), 80-82; Ir. garden twenty-four or more individual petals’. 6 (9) (November-December 1997): 8; The plantsman 1 Origin: from Mount Congreve, Kilmeaden, Co. Waterford. (1979): 18 [name but no description]. The Latin name Magnolia multipetala, (stated to have been published ‘provisionally’, by Smithers, but I have not traced M. x media ‘Winter Sun’ any original publication) used in Bowe & Georgebefore (1986), 1966 is syn: M. x Charity ‘Winter Sun’* invalid, and has been modified by Callaway (1994) to a 105 cultivar name ‘Multipetal’, and while it is acceptable under Irish origin are printed in bold. the code of nomenclatural it is not euphonious! This plant was ‘discovered on a visit to [Mount Congreve] ‘Abraham’ before 1802 by Sir Peter Smithers’. Mount Congreve, situated on the No description traced. banks of the River Suir, in one of Ireland most remarkable Origin: listed by William Tighe (1802) as one of the gardens and contains a veritable forest of magnolias. cultivars grown for cider production in Co. Kilkenny. No refs: Bowe & George, The gardens of Ireland (1986), 54-55; other record was noted by Dr Lamb. Callaway, Magnolias (1994), 151. Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; perhaps extinct. M. wilsonii form ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varietiesbefore’, 1953 Flowers ‘large ... sometimes come semi-double’. Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. Origin: from Slieve Donard Nursery, Newcastle, Co. Down. ‘These interesting plants were grown from seed’. They may ‘Ahern Beauty’ before 1898 have been hybrids between M. wilsonii and M. sinensis, and syn: ‘Aherne Beauty’ in that case the name M. wilsonii would not be appropriate. ‘Conical rich crimson show fruit’; ‘size large, shape intermediate None of these plants is known in an Irish garden. to tall, conic; skin red; season mid to late.’ ref: Nelson & Deane, ‘Glory of Donard’ (1993), 80. Origin: William Baylor Hartland listed this as ‘Aherne Beauty’ in his 1907-1908 catalogue. It was exhibited from ❀❀❀ Ireland in 1898; there is a note in Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society (1898). The name suggests an Irish Malus origin, but no history has been traced. Rosaceae. Apples. Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; presumably extinct. Ornamental apples refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 4; Journ. Roy. Hort. Society 22 (1898): cxcvi; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its ‘Donard Crab’ history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc.before 4 (1951): 1955 A strong growing tree; flowers rosy-crimson; fruits huge, purple 59. Origin: from Slieve Donard Nursery, Newcastle, Co. Down. This tree is evidently scarce. I did manage to locate one in ‘All-Hallows’ before 1869 Belfast, but I am not sure whether an attempt has been syn: ‘All Hallows’ made to propagate it. Fruit medium-sized, rectangular; flesh tender; mid-season. refs: Nelson & Deane, ‘Glory of Donard’ (1993), 82; IGPS newsl. Origin: raised by Richard H. Graves, and described 44 (1992): 12. originally in 1869. Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; presumably Eating and cooking apples extinct. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 7; Scott, The A gentleman favour’d me so far as to bring some of the orchardist (1873); Downing, The fruits & fruiting trees of Apples of Ireland, but by the time I had an opportunity of America (1869), 75. seeing them, they were so decay’d, that I cannot describe them to you. The Cyder is of the Colour of Sherry, (or rather ‘Antrim Lady’s Finger’ 1934 of french White Wine) and every whit as fine and clear ... and Fruit medium-sized, conical, yellow flushed red; flavour acid; the Gentlemen just now mention’d brought some of the season mid to late. Cyder, as well as the Apple, from Ireland: It hath a more Origin: from Northern Ireland; the only record of this apple vinous taste than any Cyder I ever drank; and as the Sight was of its exhibition in 1934, so it was not in the National might deceive a curious Eye for Wine, so I believe the Taste Fruit Collection at Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Kent, in might pass an incurious palate for the same Liquor. It 1979. seemeth also to be very Spiritous, and would I believe, if refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 13; Apples & pears, experimented, soon intoxicate, but wanting the generous varieties & cultivation in 1934 (1935), 185. Roughness, and even the fine and delicate Flavour, (notwithstanding its vinous relish) as also the full body of ‘Antrim Nonpareil’ before 1842 our Royal Wilding and Whitsour; it is, in my opinion, (and in syn: ‘Nonpareil Antrim’ that of far the greater part of those Gentlemen I have ever Small apple, yellowish green, striped red; season late to very talked with) by many degrees inferior to those Cyders of late. our Country, and particularly less acceptable to the palate, Origin: from Ireland, presumably Co. Antrim; described in and less grateful to the stomach. ... 1842 and extant in 1872, but has since disappeared. Not in the National Fruit CollectionHugh at BrogdaleStafford, NovemberHorticultu ral10 1727 Trust, Kent, in 1979.(quoted in B. Langley, Pomona (1729), 150) refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 13; Hogg, British The Northern Ireland Heritage Gardens Committee decided pomology, The apple (1851), no. 401; Scott, The orchardist to establish a collection of Irish apples in January 1983 (1873). (IGPS newsletter 8 (April 1983): 5), and some progress has been made, mainly by obtaining scions from the Brogdale ‘April Queen’ before 1908 Horticultural Trust in England. In more recent years, Fruit large, conical, ribbed, ripening from green to rich orange Anita Hayes of Irish Seed Savers, has undertaken a similar yellow, crimson shaded on the sunny side, with a fine ‘Ribston project but in a different manner, searching for the old Pippin’ flavour’, stores well. apples in Irish orchards. As a result of her diligent work, the Origin: this is noted in one of Hartland lists (undated, fide Lamb/Hennedy National Collection of Apples, inaugurated Lamb (1951). It was also noted in 1908 in the Journal of the by President Mary Robinson, has been established at Royal Horticultural Society. It is no longer in cultivation as University College, Dublin, in the Republic of Ireland. far as is known; not in the Brogdale collection in 1979. The following are recorded as apple cultivars from Ireland refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 15; Lamb, ‘The apple either by Dr J. G. D. Lamb, or in the National apple register of in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin UK. The names of those cultivars that are of unquestioned Soc. 4 (1951): 59; Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 34 (1908): xlviii. 106 illust: Lamb (1951): fig 1b. ‘Ard Cairn Pearmain’ c. 1908 No description traced ‘Barnhill Pippin’ before 1934 Origin: by the name, this must have come from William Dessert or cooking apple, medium to large, flat, ribbed at eye; Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork. yellow, striped and dotted scarlet, greasy; flesh fine, firm, crisp, ref: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 34 (1908): xlviii. white, slightly acidic; ‘eats well at Christmas’; foliage grey. Origin: from Northern Ireland; Dr Lamb saw it in Co. ‘Ard Cairn Russet’ Armagh in the 1940s, but it was formerly more common.c. 1890 syn: ‘Ard Cairn’ Included in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale ‘a most excellent dessert apple, tastes like a banana’; dessert Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979. apple, medium-sized, slightly five-angled at the top, refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 27; Lamb, ‘The apple golden-brown, more or less covered with russet; flesh firm, in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin yellowish white, dry, with a sweet, rich flavour; Soc. 4 (1951): 25; Taylor, The apples of England (1946), 73. January-February; tree upright. Origin: from Ireland, found by William Baylor Hartland, ‘Bloodhound’ = ‘Bloody Butcher’ Ard Cairn, Cork, in ‘an out-of-the-way orchard in this County some years since’ and much promoted by him, often ‘Blood of the Boyne’ reported 1934 with illustrations replete with shamrocks. syn: ‘Devonshire Quarrenden’ Still in cultivation; in the National Fruit Collection at Medium-sized flat, red, sweet, late apple. Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979. Origin: all trees of this apple have proven to be ‘Devonshire awards: AM 1910 Quarrenden’ and the name apparently is just a synonym. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 15-16; Lamb, ‘The refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 52; Lamb, ‘The apple apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 23-24 ; Ir. garden 3 (5) Soc. 4 (1951): 26; Taylor, The apples of England (1946), 82; (September-October 1994): 30-31; The garden 75 (25 (Bultitude (1983), 143). November 1911), 570; Bultitude (1983), 77. illusts: Gard chron. 41 (ser. 3) (16 March 1907): 174 (with ‘Bloody Butcher’ before 1951 shamrocks!); The garden 75 (25 November 1911), plate syn: ‘Bloodhound’ (Kilkenny), ‘Winesap’ (Offaly) opp. 570; Bultitude (1983), 21, 77. Large cooking apple, flat, ribbed, pale yellow ‘almost entirely covered with darkest crimson, a few stripes showing through’, ‘Ballinora Pippin’ with russet veins; flesh firm, white, moderately juicy,about somewhat 1892 syn: ‘Ballinora’ acidic; October-November. A sport from ‘Blenheim Orange’, differing only in the skin being Origin: the history of this apple is not recorded. Found by highly coloured with patches of russet; ... flesh crisp, yellow, Dr Lamb in the 1940s in orchards in the Irish midlands; ‘a slightly acidic, sweet; November-January; triploid. fruit of remarkable colour’. This was in the Brogdale Origin: discovered about 1892 growing on the farm of Mr collection in 1979. C. R. Logan, Ballinora, Co. Cork (see below); introduced by refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 52; Lamb, ‘The apple William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork, Co. Cork. In July in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin 1988, Ed Hogan, Andarostig, Waterfall, Co. Cork, wrote to Soc. 4 (1951): 26. the Director of the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin: ‘Brown Crofton’ before 1950 You & your staff were looking for an apple by name the Dessert apple, flat, slightly ribbed, greenish yellow, dark Ballinora Pippin. I have the parent tree here ... The brownish flush and stripes, with network of coarse russet apple is nearly red all over. A very fine apple it was overall, rough; flesh crisp, greenish white, somewhat acidic; propagated by George Logan who had acres of apples. November-December; tip bearer.’ He lived near me. I got a graft from a man that lived Origin: Dr Lamb saw old trees in several Irish counties in near me he was an old gardener. the 1940s, and perhaps, like the other Crofton cultivars, it originated in Co. Sligo. ‘Brown Crofton’ may have been The apple was not in the National Fruit Collection at confused in the past with ‘Scarlet Crofton’, and while Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979. ‘Brown Crofton’ has ‘good flavour if allowed to hang late’, it awards: AM 1898 is not as good as the other cultivar. Received at Brogdale in refs: E. Hogan (in litt. not dated, [before 4 July 1988]); National 1950, and still there in 1979. apple register of UK (1971), 24; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 65; Yb. Roy. Hort. Soc. its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 Ireland 1968: 15, 17; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history (1951): 24; Taylor, The apples of England (1946), 71. and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 27. illust: Gard. chron.12 (ser. 3) (1898): 407 (line drawing). illust: Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 no. 1 (1951): fig 2b.

‘Ballyfatten’ ‘Burlington’ before 1802 before 1802 syn: ‘Bally Fatten’ No description traced. ‘A large baking winter apple, much lobed or striated in its Origin: listed by William Tighe (1802) as one of the surface’, medium-sized, ribbed, greenish yellow flushed cultivars (see also ‘Abraham’) grown for cider production in red-brown, blotched pink, russet; flesh firm, white, acidic; Co. Kilkenny. No other record is noted by Dr Lamb. October-November and later; tip bearer. ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Origin: from the north of Ireland, mentioned as long ago as Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. 1802 in Sampson’s Survey of County Londonderry. This was in the Brogdale collection in 1979, and used to be common ‘Buttermilk Russet’ before 1950 in north-western Tyrone. It was also in the collection at Medium-sized, flat, dessert apple, not ribbed, pale yellow, Greenmount College, Antrim in 1983. carmine stripes and stippling, russet dots; flesh crisp, white, refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 25; Lamb, ‘The apple juicy and with good flavour, aromatic; early September. in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Origin: from orchards in southern Ulster (counties Soc. 4 (1951): 24-25; Taylor, The apples of England (1946), Monaghan, Fermanagh, Armagh). This apple was described 72. as recently as 1951. Dr Lamb observed that it was ‘well 107 flavoured’ and worth growing in private garden. It was not mature, tough but thin, waxy; flesh firm, mealy, yellowish, growing at Brogdale in 1979. sweet when ripe; apple conical to heart-shaped; a dessert apple refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 71; Lamb, ‘The apple when ripe (after mid-September), and a cooking apple before in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin that. Prolific annual crop. Soc. 4 (1951): 28. Origin: a seedling –

‘Cackagee’ – see ‘Cockagee’ It began as a seed placed to germinate in a jar of water ... c. 1930. The seedling was transplanted into soil in a ‘Castle Favourite’ flower-pot and later planted out in a gardenbefore at 37 1898 Second-early to mid-season apple. Cabra Park, Phibsborough, Dublin. During the following Origin: The only record of this apple is of its exhibition in ten years the parent tree changed residence with its 1898 when it was obtained from Portadown, Co. Armagh owner, first to Gaeltacht Park, then to the garden of the refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 22 (1898-1899): cxci; National apple King’s Inn Library, Henrietta Street, and finally to its register of UK (1971), 88 present position [1964] at 7 St Mobhi Grove, Glasnevin.

‘Clack-Melon’ The apple was brought to Dr P. L. Curran’s attentionbefore by 1802 No description traced. Councillor J. J. Walsh, who had propagated it by grafting. Origin: grown in the northwest of Ireland as long ago as hence it was named ‘Councillor’. 1802 when it was mentioned by Sampson awards: not specified: ‘Awards gained at horticultural shows in ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Dublin and Dun Laoghaire may be regarded as a tribute to Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. the attractive appearance and size of the pick of the crop.’ ref: Curran, ‘A new apple variety ‘Councillor’,’ Sc. Proc. Roy. ‘Clearheart’ Dublin Society 1 ser. B, no. 14 (1965): 159-161. before 1951 Cooking apple of medium size, ribbed; pale yellow flushed illust: Sc. Proc. Roy. Dublin Society 1 ser. B, no. 14 (1965). carmine, with russet dots; flesh firm, white, moderately juicy, acid. ‘Davy Apple’ before 1950 Origin: seen by Dr Lamb in orchards at Piltown, Co. Medium-sized, but variably shaped dessert apple; greenish Kilkenny, and first described and named by him. No history yellow with occasional slight red flush and traces of russet; is recorded. In the collections at Brogdale in 1979. flesh soft, yellowish white, juicy, ‘a little acid but with a trace of refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 99; Lamb, ‘The apple good flavour’, ‘with distinctive tang’; September. in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Origin: Dr Lamb found this in many old orchards in Co. Soc. 4 (1951): 28. Monaghan; ‘a variety of very poor appearance, and very illust: Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 no. 1 (1951): fig 3a. soft, but with a curious and no unpleasant tang’. It was in Brogdale 1950–c. 1971, but is not in the 1979 list. ‘Coccagee’ = ‘Cockagee’ refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 129; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. ‘Cockagee’ Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 29. before 1729 syn: ‘Cackagee’, ‘Coccagee’ Cider apple, with a greenish-yellow skin. ‘Dockney’ before 1949 Origin: known from Ireland before 1729 when it was Medium-sized cooking apple, greenish yellow flushed recorded by Langley as having been imported into England. brown-red, thin dots, veins and patches of russet, russet in It was praised highly as a cider apple, but its origins are not cavity, white specks; flesh firm, greenish white, juicy, not acidic recorded. ‘The Name of it is Cockagee, or Cackagee, (for the but slightly bitter; October-November. Word, as far as I can learn, is Irish, in which I, as well as you, Origin: found in Co. Armagh in the 1940s by Dr Lamb, but am no Critick) ...’. Hogg derived the name from ‘Cock-O-Gee its history is not known. This was in the National Fruit signifying Goose dung’, Collection at Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979. Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 140; Lamb, ‘The Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; perhaps extinct. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. refs: Langley, Pomona (1729); Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 30. history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. ‘Drought’s Favourite’ before 1899 ‘Season let to very late.’ ‘Codrun Seedling’ Origin: from Cork, Ireland; known only from an beforeexhibition 1907 Cooking (‘a very fine new kitchen’) apple; silvery white. record of 1899. Origin: raised ‘from a pip’ by an unnamed friend of William refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 147; Journ. Roy. Hort. Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork, and introduced by Soc. 23 (1899-1900): xxxix. Hartland. The friend ‘planted it in a lawn as a crab [apple], when it turned out a most promising introduction’, Perhaps ‘Dunkitt’ before 1951 not extant; not in the Brogdale collection in 1979. Cooking apple, producing medium-sized fruit, ribbed; ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, greenish-yellow, with scarlet flushing and stripes; flesh white, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59; firm, moderately juicy, acid. Hartland Nursery catalogue 1907-1908, 7. Origin: Dr Lamb found this in orchards at Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, noting that Dunkitt is a place near Waterford. It ‘Cossacks’ was reputed to keep well, until the Spring. before 1934 No description traced. Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale Origin: from Northern Ireland, known only from a record Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; perhaps extinct. of its exhibition in 1934. ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 111; Apples & pears. Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 30-31. Varieties & cultivation in 1934 (1935) ‘Early Crofton’ = ‘Irish Peach’ ‘Councillor’ c. 1964 Skin sap green when young, becoming Empire Yellow when ‘Echlinville’ before 1820 108 syn: ‘Ecklingvill’, ‘Ecklinville Pippin’, ‘Prizetaker’, ‘Ecklinville syn: ‘Gibson’s Russet’, ‘Ould Devil’, ‘Cherry Brandy’ Seedling’. There are numerous other synonyms, some mere A medium sized dessert apple, not ribbed; yellowish white with translations (‘Samling aus Ecklinville’, ‘Samling von slight orange or pink flush, russet dots and veins, rough russet Ecklinville’, ‘Eklinvilski Seyanets’), others of confusing round eye; flesh very white, firm, tender, fine, sweet, slightly origin (‘Glory of Hants’, ‘Glory of the West’). aromatic. September-October. Cooking apple producing medium to large waxy fruits, flat, Origin: while Dr Lamb remarked that this was unattractive slightly ribbed at eye and on body; yellowish green sometimes in appearance and without any special flavour, William with brown-red blush, with russet dots; flesh firm, fine, crisp, Baylor Hartland – never one to undersell his plant – white, acidic; September-October; early flowering. proclaimed that it was a great favourite in Cork; ‘This, W. B. Origin: this old apple was said to have been raised about H. knows all his lifetime’. It was listed in the early 1820 by Mr Logan at Echlinville (sometimes spelled nineteenth century as a cider apple. Ecklinville; the eighteenth century house has been replaced Hartland’s account of this variety is amusing, and worth by another, and is now named Rubane House; see Jupp, quoting. ‘Known to the Blackwater cider men years ago as Heritage gardens inventory 1992.), near Portaferry, Co. the Ould Devil or Cherry Brandy’, this apple was flat, Down. It was known in 1800, and is mentioned in many ‘closely netted like a melon, and so perfumed in the fruit nineteenth century publications on apples. Dr Lamb house that its odour excludes all other’. So good was this observed that it is a good cooking apple, which bakes well. old apple, and so popular, that Hartland was obliged to note refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 158; Herefordshire in one copy of his catalogue for 1903 that ‘all my dishes pomona (1876-1885), plate 18; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; were eaten and stolen at the last show here [in Cork]. All its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 the old men said it was the favourite in the Room and they (1951): 31; Taylor, The apples of England (1946), 110; were Right.’ Bultitude (1983),153. The cultivar is represented in the National Apple Collection illusts: Herefordshire pomona (1876-1885), plate 18; Bultitude at Brogdale Horticultural Trust in Kent. (1983), 35, 153. See also ‘Toonmore Apple’. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 205; Lamb, ‘The ‘Eight Square’ apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. beforeproc. Roy. 1950 syn: ‘Kill Apple’ Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 33; Ir. garden 3 (5) Medium-sized dessert apple, strongly ribbed at eye and on (September-October 1994): 30-31. body; whitish yellow with slight pink flush and faint patches of russet, waxy; flesh firm, crisp, white, slightly acid; September. ‘Gibby’s Apple’ before 1934 Origin: Dr Lamb found it in orchards in Co. Monaghan. This syn: ‘Gibby’ was received at Brogdale in 1950, and was still there in Dessert apple medium sized, often ribbed towards eye; creamy 1979. An ‘undistinguished’ apple, ‘with a dash of good yellow with dark red stripes and stippling; flesh firm, very flavour and crisp flesh’. white, tinged pink, juicy, sweet but without flavour; refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 161; Lamb, ‘The October-November. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Origin: seen by Dr Lamb in Co. Armagh and also reported Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 40. from Antrim, but no history is recorded. Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale ‘Eve Apple of Ireland’ Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; perhaps extinct. ‘A well-known early’ apple refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 205; Apples & pears. Origin: William Baylor Hartland listed this as ‘a fruit for the varieties & cultivation in 1934 (1935); Lamb, ‘The apple in local market’. It may have been of Irish origin. Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin ref: Hartland Nursery catalogue 1907-1908, 7. Soc. 4 (1951): 33.

‘Farrell’ ‘Gibson’s Russet’ – see ‘Gibbon’s Russet’ before 1951 Dessert apple, with small, flat fruit; greenish-yellow with brown-red strips and flush; flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, of ‘fair ‘Glen Favourite’ before 1934 flavour’; flowers small, pink inside and out. syn: ‘The Glen Favourite’ Origin: grown in Ireland before 1951, ‘here and there’ in Small, ribbed apple with green-yellow skin. orchards around Piltown, Co. Kilkenny. An old variety of Origin: from Northern Ireland. This was in existence in unknown history, and remarkable, according to Dr Lamb, 1946, and had been exhibited in 1934, but seems now to be for the very deep pink flowers. lost. Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 208; Taylor, The Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; perhaps extinct. apples of England (1946), 119; Apples & pears. Varieties & ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, cultivation in 1934 (1935), 191. Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 31-32. ‘Golden Royal’ before 1950 ‘George’ Medium-sized dessert apple, sticky when ripe, stronglybefore ribbed 1951 Dessert or cooking apple, with medium-sized fruits, not ribbed; at eye; yellowish white sometimes flushed gold or pink, with creamy yellow with scarlet stripes and stippling; flesh firm, russet dots and veining; flesh fine, soft, white, rather dry and crisp, juicy, greenish white, slightly acidic; October -November. acid; early September. Origin: grown in several counties, including Wicklow and Origin: found in the orchards of Co. Monaghan by Dr Lamb, Offaly, around 1951. Dr Lamb commented that this was a but not recommended by him – ‘of no evident merit ... easily ‘handsomely coloured apple’ but very subject to scab. bruised.’ It history is not recorded. This was in the Brogdale Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale collection in 1979. Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; perhaps extinct. refs: National apple register of UK (1971) 215; Lamb, ‘The apple refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 202; Lamb, ‘The in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Soc. 4 (1951): 34. Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 32. illust: Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): fig 5A. illusts: Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): fig. 4a. ‘Greasy Pippin’ before 1951 ‘Gibbon’s Russet’ syn: ‘Ballinamallard Pippin’ before 1897 109 Very greasy-skinned, dessert apple, medium-sized, flat, ribbed ‘Honey Ball’ before 1812 on body and at eye; golden-yellow with russet dots and veining; Large, round dessert apple, greasy when ripe, deep scarlet; flesh firm, crisp, creamy white, moderately juicy, sweet and flesh soft, sweet, dry and without flavour; September-October. with good flavour; October-November. Origin: grown in Ireland before 1950; still in cultivation Origin: found especially around Ballinamallard, Co. around Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, in the mid-1980s, but not in Fermanagh, and described by Dr Lamb in 1951, but the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale Horticultural otherwise its history is not known. I remember this as a Trust, Kent, in 1979. This was noted as early as 1812 local apple in my boyhood days. It forms a rounded tree among ‘summer’ apples ‘esteemed for their beauty and with drooping branches. It is surely still grown in flavour’, but, as Dr Lamb observed, the flesh is only second Fermanagh. rate. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 224; Lamb, ‘The ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 35-36. Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 34-35; Ir. garden 3 (5) (September-October 1994): 30-31. ‘Irish Canary’ before 1934 illust: Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): fig 5B. Medium-sized, conical, yellow apple; second-early. Origin: from Northern Ireland; the only record of this apple ‘Green Chisel’ is of its exhibition in 1934. before 1883 Medium-sized dessert apple, conical to rectangular, dull green; refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 266; Apples & pears, flesh crisp, very white with faint lemon flavour; Varieties & cultivation in 1934 (1935), 193. September-October. Origin: seen in orchards in northwestern Co. Tyrone by Dr ‘Irish Cluster’ c. 1934 Lamb in the 1940s. This apple was described in 1888 as a Small yellow apple, flushed red, ribbed. ‘local sort of repute’. Origin: the only record of this apple is of its exhibition in Not in the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale 1883, from Scotland! Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979; perhaps extinct. refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 10 (1888): 325; National apple refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 225; Lamb, ‘The register of UK (1971), 266. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 35; Barron, British apples (1884); ‘Irish Codlin’ = ‘Kemp’ Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 10 (1888): 320. ‘Irish Giant’ c. 1883 ‘Green Sweet’ syn: ‘Mead’s Broading’ before 1880 No description traced Large mid- to late apple, ribbed, pale green, streaked with red. Origin: grown in Ireland in the 1880s when it was noted Origin: presumably from Ireland; it was exhibited in 1883 from counties Down and Londonderry. and was still in cultivation in 1895. refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 10 (1888): 321; Lamb, ‘The apple in refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 10 (1888): 325, 334; National apple Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. register of UK (1971), 266-267. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. ‘Irish Greening’ c. 1883 ‘Hartland’s Pearmain’ Small, early, greenish yellow apple, ribbed, sweet. before 1899 Second-early to mid-season apple; no other description traced. Origin: exhibited from Scotland in 1883, otherwise there is Origin: from William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork, Co. no other record of it, nor is any history known. Presumably Cork; introduced by Hartland and exhibited in 1899, but from Ireland. there is no other record of it. Not in the National Fruit refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 10 (1888): 325; National apple Collection at Brogdale Horticultural Trust, Kent, in 1979. register of UK (1971), 267. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 242: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 23 (1899-1900): cxviii. ‘Irish Hawthornden’ c. 1831 No description traced. ‘Harvest Peach’ Origin: from Ireland, perhaps, although Hawthorndenbefore is1934 a Large apple, ribbed at eye; orange-yellow with orange-scarlet Scottish place-name. Known between 1831 and 1863. stippling and scarlet stripes, greasy. refs: Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3 (1863): 134; National apple register Origin: from Northern Ireland; exhibited as early as 1934, of UK (1971), 267. and still in existence in 1947, but not in the Brogdale collection. ‘Irish Johnnies’ c. 1934 refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 242; Taylor, The Medium-sized, green, second-early apple. apples of England (1946), 124; Apples & pears. Varieties & Origin: from Ireland, presumably, but known only from its cultivation in 1934 (1935), 192. exhibition in 1934, from Scotland. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 266; Apples & pears, ‘Holland Pippin of the Blackwater’ Varieties & cultivation in 1934 (1935), 193. ‘Very rich in cider, and first rate for dessert partaking’. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, who suggested ‘Irish Molly’ c. 1934 that ‘when Arthur Young visited this Country years back, it Medium-sized, mid-season apple, with green skin striped was this Apple that he praised so much when visiting yellow. Dromolland Castle Gardens’, Co. Cork. It may not be of Irish Origin: from Ireland, presumably, but known only from its origin. exhibition in 1934, from Scotland. ref: Hartland Nursery catalogue 1907-1908, 7. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 266; Apples & pears, Varieties & cultivation in 1934 (1935), 193. ‘Hollandbury of Cork’ ‘A very highly-colored local market fruit’ ‘Irish Peach’ before 1820 Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn Cork. It syn: ‘Early Crofton’, ‘Irish Peach Apple’, ‘Peach Apple’. There are may not be of Irish origin. numerous synonyms, most being translations (‘Irsk ref: Hartland Nursery catalogue 1907-1908, 7. Ferskenaeble’, ‘Irischer Pfirschenapfel’, ‘Peche d’Irlande’). Tip-bearing, early, dessert apple, medium-sized, flat, ribbed, 110 ‘skin reddish to the sun, yellowish from it, speckled with green’, ‘Irish Pitcher No. 2' c. 1883 flesh firm, very fine, white, sometimes tinged green, somewhat Small early apple, ribbed, greenish yellow, with acid flesh. acidic, sweet, aromatic. Origin: This ‘Irish Pitcher’ was exhibited from Scotland in Origin: Dr Lamb suggested that this probably arose in Co. 1883, and is apparently not the same as the plant from Sligo Sligo. It is a famous old apple which was introduced into and Mayo. England by John Robertson of Kilkenny about 1820. He ref: National apple register of UK (1971), 267. described it as ‘an Irish fruit’, and the flesh as ‘soft, sweet and juicy’ and noted it was ‘ripe middle of August’. ‘Irish Redstreak’ c. 1831 This apple is in the Greenmount College, Antrim, and in the syn: ‘Irish Red Streak’ Brogdale collections, and probably still survives in old No description traced. orchards in Co. Sligo. Dr Lamb saw ‘very many old trees ... Origin: from Ireland, presumably, and recorded as early as there in the same orchards’ as ‘Scarlet Crofton’ and ‘Brown 1831. It was still in existence in 1872. Crofton’. refs: Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 3 (1863): 134; National apple register of UK (1971), 267. First ... comes ‘Irish Peach’, ripe about mid-August, a delicious fruit if eaten fresh from the tree, but ‘Irish Reinette’ c. 1851 unfortunately of short season; tip-bearing variety ‘ and syn: ‘Lancaster Pippin’ the least pruning it gets the better.1 Medium-sized, mid-season to very later, ribbed apple, with firm, crisp, greenish yellow flesh and yellowish-green skin with dull The most delicious fruit of its season, but like all early red flush and large patches of russet. varieties it should be fully ripened on the tree, and Origin: from Ireland, perhaps, but recorded in the eaten soon after gathering.2 northwest of England between 1851 and 1884. refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 37 (1911): 170; National apple refs: National apple register of UK (1971) 267; Robertson, ‘A register of UK (1971), 267; Herefordshire pomona descriptive list of such apple ...’, Loudon’s gard. mag. 2 (1876-1885), plate 59. (1831): 165-172; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 36-372; ‘Irish Russet’ = ‘San Young’ Taylor, The apples of England (1946), 134; Herefordshire pomona (1876-1885), pl 19; Sherrard, ‘A succession of ‘Junetta’ before 1934 well-flavoured apples’, Bull. Roy. Hort. Arbor. Soc. Ir. 1 (4) No description traced. (1936), 64-671; Yb. Roy. Hort. Soc. Ireland 1968: 15, 17; Ir. Origin: exhibited in 1934 from Co. Cork, but there is no garden 3 (5) (September-October 1994): 30-31; Bultitude other record of this apple. (1983), 201. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 280; Apples & pears. illusts: Herefordshire pomona (1876-1885), pl. 19, 2; Bultitude Varieties & cultivation in 1934 (1935). (1983),44, 201. ‘Keegan’s Crab’ about 1870 ‘Irish Pitcher No. 1' Dessert apple, medium-sized, ribbed, yellow, with firm,before crisp, 1911 syn: ‘Pitcher’ white, juicy, fairly sweet flesh with ‘no particular flavour’; Dessert apple of medium size, tall, ribbed on body; golden November-February. brown, often with a slight pink flush, covered with golden Origin: from Ballyhegan, Loughgall, Co. Armagh; the russet; flesh firm, greenish white, firm, not juicy, ‘flavour original tree survived until the 1940s (‘recently’, fide moderate’; October. Lamb), but was blown down and was estimated to be about Origin: grown in Co. Sligo, and also reported from Co. 70 years old. The Brogdale plant was derived from scions Mayo; ‘an interesting local apple’. It can be propagated sent from Loughgall, Co. Armagh. easily by rooting cuttings – Lamb observed that ‘the refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 283; Lamb, ‘The branches show “burrs” or incipient roots, so that branches apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. root easily when inserted in the ground.’. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 38. A. R. Day reported this apple in 1911 ‘Kemp’ before 1837 This unique apple tree is found growing in Mayo, and is syn: ‘May Bloom’ locally known as the “Pitcher” apple. It was discovered Dessert or cooking apple, fruit large, flat, ribbed, greenish by a distinguished horticulturist in an orchard in the yellow with orange flush and russet dots. Flesh white, firm, north of Mayo, and has since been propagated in juicy, crisp and with a good flavour. various part s of the country. It is a dessert apple, and Origin: known since 1837, and probably originating in resembles the “Irish Peach” in appearance, the Ulster. Dr Lamb noted that it was a decorative apple in colouring being more vivid. The fruit is excellent in flower – the blossom is large and pink. The tree has a quality. weeping habit. The peculiarity of this tree is that it is easily propagated ‘May Bloom’ was reported in the Ordnance Survey’s from cuttings. A warty growth was found to arise in a Templemore (Derry) memoir (1837) as ‘probably the Irish circle on the branches, the warts growing to a Codlin’, and the apple described by Lamb came from considerable size, and then giving off aerial roots. orchards in Co. Armagh. For propagation the branch, when one inch or one inch refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 283; Lamb, ‘The and a half in circumference, should be severed below apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. these roots with a sharp knife and plants. The growth Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 38-39. of the roots is slow, and two years will elapse before a tree is firmly established. ‘Kerry Pippin’ before 1802 syn: numerous synonyms are listed in the National apple refs: Day, ‘Irish “Pitcher” Apple’, Ir. gardening 6 (January 1911): register of UK (1971), including ‘Kerry Pepping’. x; National apple register of UK (1971), 267; Lamb, ‘The ‘Fruit oval, middle-sized, about two inches and a half long from apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Econ. proc. Roy. the eye to the stalk, and two inches across, lengthened at the Dublin Soc. 4 (1951): 37. stalk, where it is elbowed; ... colour, bright yellow speckled with dots and lightly tinged with red to the sun; flesh yellow, firm, 111 crisp and well flavoured. In eating from the middle of ‘Lady’s Finger’ before 1951 September to the end of October.’ syn: ‘Lady’s Finger (of Offaly & Monaghan) Origin: The first record of ‘Kerry Pippin’ dates from 1802 ‘Long shaped apple’, green often with carmine flecks and and it may be assumed from the apple’s name that it came stippling; flesh firm, greenish white, sweet, ‘no marked flavour’. from Co. Kerry; its history is not known in any further Origin: Dr Lamb described this ‘distinct and curious apple detail. John Robertson described the apple in 1819 (see ... of no particular merit’ from counties Offaly and above). ‘An excellent and much admired Irish fruit.’ Monaghan, and he also reported it in orchards in Co. Dublin. This apple is still in cultivation and sometimes available This is in the Brogdale collection. commercially. Dr Lamb described it as a ‘small apple, but refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 302; Lamb, ‘The very good for the private garden. The fruits are crisp and apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. crunchy and the tree is a regular bearer.’ Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 41. refs: Robertson, ‘Descriptions of some of the best varieties of illust: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): plate Irish Apples’, Trans. Hort. Soc. 3 (1820): 452-455; — ‘A 8A. descriptive list of such apple ...’, Loudon’s gard. mag. 2 (1831): 165-172; National apple register of UK (1971), 286; ‘Leixlip’ before 1831 Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, syn: ‘Leixlip Pippin’, ‘Ray Farmer’ Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 38-39; Large cooking apple, yellow striped red, with russet veins, Bultitude (1983), 210. greasy; flesh greenish white, first crisp, juicy, acidic. illusts: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): plate Origin: perhaps from Leixlip, Co. Kildare; recorded as early 7; Lindley, Pomol. Mag. (1830), tab. 107; The garden 121 as 1831, but its precise history is now lost. Dr Lamb (1996): 621 (reproduction from Ronald, Pyrus malus observed that it sometimes produces ‘handsome’ fruit. Brentfordensis (1831), plate 6); Bultitude (1983), 46, 210. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 313; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. ‘Kilkenny Codlin’ Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 41. before 1826 syn: ‘Kilkenny Scarlet Codlin’ illust: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): fig. 8B. Large cooking apple, red and green; early to second early. Origin: from Co. Kilkenny; known since at least 1825. ‘Madame Gorge’ before 1800 refs: Robertson, ‘A descriptive list of such apple ...’, Loudon’s No description traced. gard. mag. 2 (1831): 165-172; Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. 1 Origin: listed in 1802 by the Rev. G. V. Samson in his (1859-1861): 405; — 2 (1862): 492, 662; National apple Statistical survey of County Londonderry, so grown in register of UK (1971), 287; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its Ireland before 1800. Its history is not known. history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, no. 1(1951): 59. Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59.

‘Kilkenny Pearmain’ ‘Maiden’s Blush’ before 1831 before 1951 Medium-sized apple, slightly ribbed, yellow with orange flush syn: this is not the same as an apple named ‘Maiden’s Blush’ by and carmine streaks, and a little netted russet; flesh fine, tender, Hogg. dry, cream, sweet. Dessert apple, medium-sized, pale yellow with scarlet flush and Origin: from Co. Kilkenny, first recorded in 1831, and in the stripes, dotted with russet; flesh white, stained red. Brogdale collection in 1971. Origin: grown in Co. Kilkenny in the 1950s, around refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 287; Proc. Roy. Hort. Piltown, and notable, according to Dr Lamb, for the Soc. 1 (1859-1860): 407; — 2 (1862): 516; — 3 (1863): ‘attractive shining red’ fruits. 249. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 333; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. ‘Kilkenny Pippin’ Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 42. unknown No description traced. Origin: could this be a mistake for ‘Kerry Pippin’? ‘Martin’s Seedling’ before 1900 ref: The RHS plant finder 1995-1996. syn: ‘No Surrender’, ‘Martin’s No Surrender’ Cooking apple, large, round, yellow with russet dots; flesh ‘Kilkenny Seedling’ white, soft, juicy, sweet. before 1934 Medium-sized, mid-season apple, with yellow skin striped red. Origin: according to published records this apple which Origin: from Co. Kilkenny, presumably, exhibited in 1934, resembles ‘Echlinville Seedling’, was raised in Co. Antrim by but may not be extant one James Martin, and the date must have been well before refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 287. 1900. William Baylor Hartland listed in the 1907 as ‘a most valuable market fruit for early delivery’. Dr Lamb noted ‘Kill Apple’ = ‘Eight Square’ that it was grown in Co. Tyrone, and it was still in cultivation around Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, in 1985. ‘Killeagh Seedling’ refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 341; L. Doylebefore (in 1900litt. A ‘dual purpose apple’ 19 February 1985); Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history Origin: raised in Co. Cork, and listed for sale by William and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. Baylor Hartland, Ard Cairn, Cork, at the beginning of the 1(1951): 42-43. century. ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, ‘May Bloom’ – see ‘Kemp’ Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. ‘Munster Pippin 1' before 1831 ‘Lady’s Beauty’ Large apple, ribbed, yellowish green with faint flush,before flesh firm, 1802 No description traced. tender white, acidic. Origin: noted in the early nineteenth century as grown in Origin: presumably from Munster; described in 1831, this Co. Londonderry. apple was still in existence in 1862, but it is not known in ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, orchards today, and to confuse matters a different ‘Munster Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. Pippin’ was exhibited in 1934. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 367; Proc. Roy. Hort. 112 Soc. 3 (1863): 171. ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 44. ‘Munster Pippin 2' illust: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951):befo platere 1897 Medium-sized apple, ribbed, gold striped red. 9B. Origin: this cultivar, which differs from ‘Munster Pippin 1', was recorded as early as 1897, and was exhibited from ‘Red Crofton’ = ‘Scarlet Crofton’ Cork in 1934. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 367; Journ. Roy. Hort. ‘Red Kane’ before 1883 Soc. 21 (1897): 317, cc. syn: ‘Red Kaine’ Medium-sized apple, conical, ribbed, pale green streaked red, ‘Munster Tulip’ with soft flesh; early. before 1950 Dessert or cooking apple, large, slightly ribbed, irregular, yellow Origin: from Ireland; the only report of this apple dates flushed orange or red, with carmine streaks and flecks, skin from 1883. tough and smooth, flesh firm, tender, white, dry and acidic. refs: Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 10 (1888); National apple register of November. UK (1971), 455. Origin: presumably from Munster; seen by Dr Lamb in orchards in the Irish midlands. This ‘ugly’ apple was ‘Reid’s Seedling’ c. 1880 received at Brogdale in 1950. Medium to ‘very large’ dessert apple, greenish-yellow flushed refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 367; Lamb, ‘The with red-orange and with carmine stripes and stippling; flesh apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. white, ‘a little soft, moderately juicy, sweet, pleasant but Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 43. without marked flavour’; October-November. illust: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): plate Origin: from Richill, Co. Armagh; raised about 1880, and 9A. introduced by Mr Reid of Drumart Jones. Growing in Brogdale in 1979. ‘Nonpareil Antrim’ = ‘Antrim Nonpareil’ refs: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 45, plate ‘No Surrender’ = ‘Martin’s Seedling’ 10a; National apple register of UK (1971), 459.

‘Osborne’ ‘Ross Nonpareil’ before 1836 before 1802 Medium-sized dessert apple, large, pale yellow with slight pink syn: ‘French Pippin’, ‘Lawson Pearmain’, ‘Nonpareil Ross’ flush and russet dots; flesh soft, white, juicy, pineapple Medium-sized dessert apple, flat, occasionally slightly ribbed at flavoured, sweet; early September. eye, pale yellow flushed deep orange with carmine streaks, Origin: recorded as early as 1836 in Irish orchards, and nearly covered with russet; flesh ‘firm, of a sweetish perfumed perhaps of Irish origin. Dr Lamb found it around Piltown, flavour, apt to become mealy when too ripe’, ‘flesh greenish Co. Kilkenny, but reckoned it was ‘hardly worth cultivating white, firm, a little dry, with a pronounced fennel flavour’; now’. November-January. This was mentioned several times by John Robertson; he Origin: known in Co. Meath around 1802 and was later described it as ‘an Irish apple’. introduced to England (c. 1819) by John Robertson of refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 393; Lamb, ‘The Kilkenny. However its history before 1802 is not recorded apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. and it may not have been produced in Ireland, although Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 44. Robertson stated that it was ‘an Irish fruit, in great request here’. ‘Pêche Melba’ This is in the collection at Greenmount College, Antrim,before 1930 and Medium-sized apple, slightly ribbed, green and yellow with in the Brogdale collection, and it is sometimes available orange flush and streaks, and numerous dots; flesh firm, coarse, commercially. dry, yellowish white, somewhat acidic; second-early to refs: Robertson, ‘A descriptive list of such apple ...’, Loudon’s mid-season fruit. gard. mag. 2 (1831): 165-172; National apple register of UK Origin: from Co. Kilkenny, whence it was introduced to (1971), 497; Ir. garden 3 (5) (September-October 1994): England in 1930. It is in cultivation in Brogdale. 30-31; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 405. varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 45-46; Bultitude (1983), 282. ‘Pig’s Snout’ illusts: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951):before plate 1946 Large apple with prominent ribs, yellow, with tender white, 10B; Bultitude (1983), 60, 282. sweet, slightly acidic flesh; late. Origin: this inelegantly named apple was recorded from ‘Sam Young’ before 1818 Ireland in 1946 but it has not been grown in recent years. syn: ‘Irish Russet’ (and translated version of that name). Its history is otherwise not known. ‘Fruit small, flattish ... colour yellowish clouded with russet, refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 416; Taylor, The reddish to the sun; very apt to crack; flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, apples of England (1946). sweet and well flavoured. In use from the beginning of November to January’; ‘skin ... very rough ... flesh rather tough ...’ [‘Pomeroy’ – despite its name this is not an Irish apple.] Origin: perhaps from Ireland; described by John Robertson in 1819. ‘An Irish fruit greatly in esteem...’ Listed by William ‘Ray Farmer’ = ‘Leixlip’ Baylor Hartland as ‘a delicious little apple of the very highest quality for late keeping’. It was grown in the Royal ‘Red Brandy’ Dublin Society’s Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in thebefore 1830s, 1950 Small dessert apple, pale yellow with crimson stripe or and was found by Dr Lamb in counties Kilkenny, Offaly and completely covered with crimson flush and stripes; flesh white, Cavan in the 1940s. It is still in cultivation. firm, moderately juicy, sweet, with no flavour; refs: Robertson, ‘A descriptive list of such apple ...’, Loudon’s November-December. gard. mag. 2 (1831): 165-172; National apple register of UK Origin: Dr Lamb found this cultivar in the orchards around (1971), 515; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, in the 1940s. ‘A pretty apple but varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): lacking quality’ 46-47. 113 illusts: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): plate acidic; September. 11A; Lindley, Pomol. Mag. (1830): tab. 90; Gard. chron. 41 Origin: perhaps from Co. Kilkenny, where Dr Lamb (ser. 3) (March 1907): 182. recorded it in the 1940s, and perhaps still cultivated thereabouts. ‘Scarlet Crofton’ refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 553; Lamb,before ‘The 1800 syn: ‘Red Crofton’, ‘Longford Pearmain’, and other names. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. ‘Fruit medium-sized, flattish ... colour bright red, intermixed Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 51. with russet to the sun, yellowish and russet from it; flesh firm, crisp, and juicy, never becoming mealy, with a rich sugary ‘Strippy’ before 1949 flavour. In eating from October to January’. Medium-sized dessert apple, pale yellow flushed, striped and Origin: described in 1819 by John Robertson – ‘An stippled with crimson; flesh white, stained red, firm, crisp, juicy excellent Irish fruit, which has no superior in its season’. and with a good, acidic flavour. Still grown in Ireland around 1950 when Dr Lamb found Origin: received at Brogdale in 1950 from Co. Armagh, many trees in Co. Sligo. He described it as ‘a delicious apple where Dr Lamb noted it. that would please any connoisseur’ with a ‘delicious [and] refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 554; Lamb, ‘The spicy’ flavour. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. The Crofton family tradition, reported by Lamb, is that this Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 51-52. apple was brought to Ireland during the time of Queen Elizabeth I. The original tree was reputed still to be alive in ‘Summer John’ before 1949 1856 at Longford House, Co. Sligo. Thus it is not of Irish A ‘fair’ eating apple, fruit medium-sized, flat, slightly ribbed, origin, but was widely grown in Ireland in the early greenish yellow with some russet netting; flesh firm, white, nineteenth century. very juicy, with no particular flavour. This is in the collection at Greenmount College, Antrim, and Origin: an old apple, found by Dr Lamb in a few orchards in in the Brogdale collection. Co. Fermanagh; one tree had a trunk 5ft in circumference. refs: Robertson, ‘A descriptive list of such apple ...’, Loudon’s The cultivar was received at Brogdale in 1949, and is still in gard. mag. 2 (1831): 165-172; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; cultivation. its history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 558; Lamb, ‘The 4 no. 1(1951): 48-49; Yb. Roy. Hort. Soc. Ireland 1968: 15, apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. 17; National apple register of UK (1971), 518. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 52.

‘Siberian Russet’ ‘Sunset Sport’ before 1950 before 1963 syn: perhaps ‘Cornish Aromatic’ Apple more highly coloured than ‘Sunset’, like a small ‘Cox’s Medium-sized dessert apple, greenish yellow with thin russet, Orange Pippin’, intense flavour. crimson stripes and flush, and scattered white dots; flesh white Origin: a sport on ‘Sunset’ found at the Loughgall with red tinged near tube, firm, crisp, moderately juicy, with Horticultural Centre, Co. Armagh; plants were sent to ‘curious balsam flavour’; until March. Brogdale in 1963 Origin: in the 1940s Dr Lamb observed this in orchards refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 560; Morgan & around Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, and it was said to have come Richards, The book of apples (1993). from Co. Tipperary. He suggested it was a good variety, but might be synonymous with ‘Cornish Aromatic’ ‘Sweet William’ before 1897 ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Dessert apple, medium-sized, creamy yellow with red stripes Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 50. and stipples; flesh very white, crisp, rather dry, no flavour ‘ of illust: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 12A. sickly sweetness’, September. Origin: listed by William Baylor Hartland in the early ‘Smeller’ = ‘Thompson’s Apple’ 1900s, and described by him as ‘a very fine old orchard apple in shape that of Cox’s Orange, quality superb, almost ‘Sovereign’ too sweet for some folk’. Dr Lamb found old trees around syn: indistinguishable from ‘Lass o’ Gowrie’ Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, in the 1940s, and commented that Dessert apple, waxy, medium-sized, ribbed, pale yellow, dotted Hartland’s opinion about the quality (not the sweetness) of and striped with carmine, with dots of russet; flesh soft, juicy, the fruit was exaggerated. white, sweet ‘and pleasant but lacking in flavour’. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 566; Lamb, ‘The Origin: Dr Lamb recorded that this was a Co. Armagh apple, apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. ‘of no particular merit’. When grown at Brogdale, it was Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 52-53. indistinguishable from ‘Lass o’ Gowrie’. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 540; Lamb, ‘The ‘The Smeller’ = ‘Thompson’s Apple’ apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 50. ‘Thompson’s Apple’ before 1950 syn: ‘Smeller’, ‘The Smeller’ ‘Striped Brandy’ Dessert apple, medium to large in size, slightly ribbed,before pale 1951 Dessert apple, small, orange-yellow striped with carmine and greenish yellow with brown-red flush and striped and stippled with russet dots; flesh white, form, crisp ‘with an unpleasant with carmine, with russet on base and body; skin rough, sticky, soapy flavour’; September-October. thick and tough; flesh white, crisp, firm, juicy, sweet, with no Origin: a poor apple, probably from Co. Kilkenny, where Dr marked flavour; October. Lamb recorded it in the 1940s. It may still be in cultivation Origin: found in counties Tyrone (as ‘Smeller’) and in the county. Monaghan (as ‘Thompson’s Apple’) by Dr Lamb in the refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 553; Lamb, ‘The 1940s. This was received at Brogdale in 1950. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 574. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 50-51. ‘Tom Chestnut’ before 1802 ‘Striped Sax’ ‘A small eating apple’ before 1951 Cooking apple, medium-sized, yellow with crimson stipes and Origin: first reported in 1802, when it was grown in Co. stipple; flesh white tinged with red, firm, moderately juicy, Derry, and Dr Lamb noted that it was ‘reported as still 114 extant’ in that county in the 1940s. Cooking apple, medium-sized, flat, yellow with a few russet refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 577; Lamb, ‘The spots; September apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. Origin: found in orchards around Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, in Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. the 1940s by Dr Lamb, who noted that an cider apple named Moss was grown in Kilkenny at the beginning of the ‘Tommy’ nineteenth century. ‘White Moss’ is of no particularbefore merit. 1951 Dessert apple. medium-sized, dull orange-yellow with refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 610; Lamb, ‘The brown-red flush, and russet lines and dots; flesh firm, greenish apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. white, crisp, juicy, with ‘good spicy flavour’; keeps till March. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 56. Origin: In the 1940s this was frequent around Piltown, Co. Kilkenny, and may have arisen in that area, but no history is ‘White Russet’ before 1802 recorded. Dessert apple, medium-sized, ribbed, yellowish green with refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 577; Lamb, ‘The silvery white dots and golden russet in clearly defined patch, apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. sometimes with pink flush; flesh white, soft, moderately juicy, Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 53-54. ‘good pineapple flavour’; October. Origin: known in Ireland as long ago about 1802, and ‘Toonmore Apple’ described by John Robertson in 1819 who notedbefore that it 1750was no description traced. ‘richly flavoured, but apt to grow mealy when too ripe’. ‘A Origin: ‘a celebrated cyder apple’ according to Charles fine Irish apple of the first quality, and in great esteem Smith’s Antient and present state of the County of Cork, here’. published in 1750: ‘Toonmore, now Gibbon’s Grove, the William Baylor Hartland sold it – ‘a very large peach house and plantation of Mr. Gibbon, three miles south of flavoured fruit’. Dr Lamb noted trees in orchards in Charleville, is famous for a celebrated cyder apple called counties, Dublin, Kilkenny and Offaly in the 1940s. Toonmore Apple ...’. refs: Robertson, ‘A descriptive list of such apple ...’, Loudon’s It is remarkable that one of William Baylor Hartland’s gard. mag. 2 (1831): 165-172; National apple register of UK apples was named ‘Gibbon’s Russet’, although there is no (1971), 611; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and explicit connection made with Toonmore. varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, 56-57. Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 69. illust: Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): fig. 13B. ‘Tullaroan Brandy’ before 1951 Dessert or cooking apple, medium-sized, flat, slightly ribbed, ‘Widow’s Friend’ before 1951 greenish yellow with red stripes and flush; flesh white, a little Medium-sized dessert apple, not ribbed, pale orange-yellow soft, with no special flavour. October. with a little thin russet; flesh soft, white, sweet and very juicy Origin: found by Dr Lamb in orchards in the Piltown area, but with no particular flavour; August-September. Co. Kilkenny, but said to have come from Co. Tipperary. Origin: Dr Lamb found this apple in Co. Armagh about the ‘Too poor in appearance to be worth growing now.’ 1940s, but he reckoned it was not of any merit, except refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 583; Lamb, ‘The perhaps for its regular, heavy crop.. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 615; Lamb, ‘The Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 54. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 57-58. ‘Valentine’ before 1802 Cooking apple, large, flat, ribbed, yellow with carmine stippling ‘Winesap’ = ‘Bloody Butcher’ and stripes; flesh white, soft, dry, somewhat acidic; early September. ‘Wine Apple’ c. 1800 Origin: reported as early as 1802, when it was grown in Apple with dark red skin. Counties Waterford and Kilkenny, and it was still in Origin: grown in Co. Londonderry in the early 1800s, when cultivation around Piltown in 1985. Not of any merit except it was noted by the Rev. G. V. Sampson, but presumably perhaps as a cider apple. now extinct. Dr Lamb did not find any trees of this in the refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 588; L. Doyle (in litt. 1940s. 19 February 1985); Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history ref: Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 59. 1(1951):4-55. ‘Winston Coloured Sport’ c. 1950 ‘White Crofton’ Like ‘Winston’, but with ‘solid red flush almost overallbefore’. 1831 syn: ‘Crofton White’, etc. Origin: arose at the Loughgall Horticultural Centre, Dessert apple, medium-sized, flattened, creamy yellow with dull Loughgall, Co. Armagh, and was first planted in 1952 in the pinkish red flush and stripes, with russet veins; flesh white, Brogdale collection. crisp, sweet, moderately juicy, with faint russet flavour; refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 620. September-October. Origin: described in 1834 as having been ‘brought from ‘Yellow Pitcher’ before 1951 Ireland by the late Sir Evan Nepean and worked with others Dessert apple, medium-sized, ribbed, yellow sometimes with in the Fulham Nursery’, and evidently well-known in slight pink flush, with russet veins and spots; flesh very white, Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century. Dr lamb found tree firm, juicy, flavour ‘insipid’; September-October. in counties as far apart as Wexford and Sligo in the 1940s, Origin: This apple grew in Co. Sligo in the 1940s when it describing it as a ‘pleasant apple to eat, but not up to the was described by Dr Lamb; it may be in the Brogdale standard of the other Crofton’ cultivars. collection. refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 609; Lamb, ‘The refs: National apple register of UK (1971), 631; Lamb, ‘The apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. apple in Ireland; its history and varieties’, Economic proc. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 55-56. Roy. Dublin Society 4 no. 1(1951): 58.

‘White Moss’ ❀❀❀ before 1951 115 and are borne in succession for at least a month. The plant is Malvastrum perfectly perennial, does not set fertile seed’; to 1.5m tall, with Malvaceae. basal rosette of long-stemmed, paddle-shaped leaves (sides parallel, without prominent teeth), covered with rusty hairs; M. puniceum flowers with 4-6 petals, azure blue, anthers orange, style c.white. 1910 syn: perhaps a form of M. virgatum (fide A. D. J. Meeuse) Origin: a hybrid between M. grandis and M. betonicifolia (as Shrubby plant, leaves 3-lobed, with a few hairs, to 4 x 3 cm; M. baileyi), raised by Dr Alex Curle, Edinburgh, Scotland; flowers rosy to purple, to 3 cm long. introduced by Slieve Donard Nursery, Newcastle, Co. Down Origin: this species was described in 1915 using specimens This famous cultivar has a clear history, as detailed in An provided by Sir John Ross-of-Bladensburg, Rostrevor, Co. Irish florilegium (1983) and Nelson & Deane (1993), but, Down, He had obtained the plant, labelled Malvastrum alas, the incorrect story is still too frequently repeated (for capense, from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin. example, the account by Dunlop, ‘Fascinating story of the M. puniceum blossomed outdoors at Rostrevor in August blue poppy’, Plant heritage 3 (9) (Autumn 1996): 8-10, 1915, but by the late 1950s it seems to have vanished from being composed from old inaccurate accounts and hearsay, Irish gardens. In that year it was not growing at Glasnevin, and not carefully researched facts, is incorrect in almost at Lady Moore’s garden nor at Mount Usher. every detail). refs: Bull. miscell. information Kew (1916): 39; A. D. J. Meeuse While raised in Scotland this cultivar passed through (in litt. to T. J. Walsh, 19 April 1960; ms in National Botanic various hands before it was adopted by the Slieve Donard Gardens, Glasnevin). Nursery and regularly displayed on the stand at Chelsea Flower Show. ❀❀❀ It should be noted that while the Slieve Donard Nursery offered M. x sheldonii in its 1950-1951 catalogue (‘a Mammillaria glorious blue flowered form which is strictly perennial’), it Cactaceae would not be wise to assume that this was the plant later See sub-section Cacti named ‘Slieve Donard’. It should also be noted that the hybrid is not associated ❀❀❀ with Sir David Prain – Sir George Taylor (in litt. 2 September 1981), who described and named M. x sheldonii, Meconopsis affirmed that ‘the plant could not possibly have been Papaveraceae. Welsh & Himalayan poppies. introduced by Sir David Prain ...’ Rather, the association arises from a misunderstanding of the full botanical name M. x beamishii for one of the parent – M. grandis Prain, means that Prain Perennial poppy (not dying after flowering), to 4ft tall; flowers was author of the name M. grandis, just as M. x sheldonii in umbel-like cluster, petals 6-8, plain yellow or with purple Taylor means that George Taylor was author of that name. blotch at base; filaments yellow flushed purple. The trail of ‘Slieve Donard’ is complicated, but Mrs M. Origin: a deliberately created hybrid made at Ashbourne Holmes (Knockmoyle, Gortnagarn Road, Omagh, Co. House, Glounthaune, Co. Cork, by R. H. Beamish. It first Tyrone) received plants from Mrs Marjorie Dickie (then flowered at Glounthaune in 1906, and the original plant living at Old Mountjoy Castle, Gortin Road, Omagh), who was still alive in 1914.This hybrid is still in cultivation, was the Slieve Donard Nursery’s source. Through Mrs having both been re-created and arisen spontaneously from Dickie, I made contact with Mrs Christine Pitman (Oswald the two parent species M. integrifolia and M. grandis. Road, Edinburgh) who provided the link to Dr Alex Curle. Often confused with M. x sarsonii. Mrs Pitman wrote on 5 October 1981 refs: Taylor, Meconopsis (1934), 70-71; Bull. misc. inf. Kew (1915): 166; New flora & sylva 6 (1933): 49. Thank you so much for your letter ... about the blue illusts: Gard. chron. 1 (ser. 3) (1911): fig. 4, p. 22; Phillips & Rix, Himalayan poppy raised by my uncle ... Dr Curle, who Perennials 2 Late perennials (1993), 32. was the Director of the Royal Scottish Museum [and] lived in Edinburgh almost all his life, he had a small M. grandis x latifolia back garden and an allotment where he gardenedc. with 1910 syn. M. grandis x M. sinuata var. latifolia great enthusiasm. In the early 1930s he moved out to ‘The hybrid has leaves similar in shape to M. grandis, but rather Davidson’s Mains where he had an acre or more of more deeply toothed: the flowers are not so large or so garden. I think but have not been able to verify that he beautiful, although several flowers open at the same time.’ raised the poppy on his allotment about 50 years ago. Origin: a chance seedling in the Royal Botanic Gardens, He crossed M. Baileyi & M. Grandis & produced the Glasnevin, Dublin; ‘it remains to be seen whether the hybrid marvellous blue poppy which you know. ... The M. will prove a good perennial.’ It hasn’t! Grandis was a rather mauve one, but the Baileyi was a refs: Ir. gardening 8 (1913): 109; Farrer, English rock garden, i good clear blue. I don’t know when Mrs Dickie gave (1919), 483; Taylor, Meconopsis (1934), 70. Slieve Donard the plants, but my brother-in-law Colonel Linehan also gave them some ... Hugo Patten M. x sheldonii (Ballyrogan Group) did get it from my uncle, I should think soon afterc. the 1996 syn: ‘Ballyrogan’, Ballyrogan form war. Fertile plants with ‘good mid-blue flowers, 15-20cm across, on stems 1.2m tall; some colour variation. In a subsequent letter, Mrs Pitman added that ‘my uncle Origin: from Gary Dunlop, Ballyrogan Nurseries, Co. Down. always insisted we should divide & replant the poppy just These plants are ‘not pale washed-out blue’ when grown in when it first came up in spring & before it flowered.’ pots, and is less variable with growing conditions. Dr Curle’s poppy also was given to the Misses Logan-Home refs: G. Dunlop (in litt. 25 January 1998); Ballyrogan Nurseries of Edrom Nurseries, Berwickshire, and it was apparently plant lists 1997 [without description]; The RHS plant finder named ‘Ormswell’. The nursery has since changed hands, 1997-1998. but ‘Ormswell’ is still grown by Edrom Nurseries. refs: Mrs M. Holmes (in litt. per J. Kennedy c. 17 September M. x sheldonii ‘Slieve Donard’ 1981), Mrs M. Dickie (in litt. 22 September 1981,before & pers. 1959 syn: M. grandis ‘Prains’ (or ‘Prain’s Variety’) comm.); Mrs C. Pitman (in litt. 5 October [1981], 16 ‘The large saucer shaped flowers are of the richest Gentian blue November [1981], 24 November [1981]); Walsh, Ross & 116 Nelson, An Irish florilegium (1983), 146; Nelson & Deane, taking cuttings. ‘Glory of Donard’ (1993), 83; Ir. garden 1 (2) (April-May refs: Ir. gardening 15 (1920): 53; The garden 87 (14 July 1923), 1992): 19; Moorea 10 (1993): 35-40; Connolly & Dillon, In 362; — 89 (1925): 458; Ir. garden 3 (5) an Irish garden (1986), 145; Dillon, Garden artistry (1995), (September-October 1994): 37 (as M. lewisii) 36-37; (Thomas, Gardens of the National Trust (1979), [52] illusts: The garden 87 (14 July 1923), 362; Ir. garden 3 (5) but inaccurate). (September-October 1994): 37 (as M. lewisii) illusts: An Irish florilegium (1983), plate 29 (watercolour); Nelson & Deane, ‘Glory of Donard’ (1993), plate 19 (colour M. x bartonianus ‘Sunset’ before 1928 photograph); Moorea 12 (1996): 10; Dillon, Garden artistry syn: ‘Bredon Scarlet’, ‘Bredon Springs’ (1995), 36. ‘New, a sport from Bartonianus, and similar in all respects but colour, which is a glowing coppery scarlet, a great acquisition’; M. x sheldonii ‘Springhill’ ‘’Sunset’ ... is entirely satisfactory and flourishes in the bog no description traced. garden where it is now over three feet high, bearing very freely Origin: a plant under this name was offered by Gary its charming flowers of the colour of ripe tomatoes.’ Dunlop, Ballyrogan Nurseries, Newtownards, Co. Down. It Origin: from Daisy Hill Nursery, Newry, Co. Down; in had come from Logan Botanic Garden, Scotland, and is cultivation at the National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, by probably not of Irish origin; its history is not known. September 1928. refs: Ballyrogan Nurseries plant lists 1996, 1997 [without description]; The RHS plant finder 1997-1998. Some years ago the late Mr. G. N. Smith found (at Newry) on a plant of Mimulus x Bartonianus a branch M. violacea sport, this bearing scarlet flowers in contrast withc. the1930 A monocarpic biennial herb, forming in first year an rose-cerise of the “host” plant. ... Mr Smith, a good judge over-wintering rosette 2 feet in diameter of pinnate, ‘soft of plants, thought highly of this chance newcomer sea-green’ leaves covered with ‘pale, yellow, silken hairs’; which he appropriately called ‘Sunset’, and for some flowers in panicle to 6ft tall, ‘with upwards of fifty bloom on time it became fairly widely distributed. But one rarely each spike, ... nodding, large violet-blue, saucer-like ... with sees it now [1945]. masses of golden anthers.’ Origin: a species from Burma, discovered by Frank This plant was ‘rediscovered’ in England when M. x Kingdon Ward in 1926, which bloomed for the first time in bartonianus again produced the same sport in Bredon cultivation at Mount Stewart, Greyabbey, Co. Down, ‘a Springs, at Ashton Under Hill, Worcestershire, the garden of magnificent sight’. Ron Sidwell: T. W. Bolas, the head-gardener at Mount Stewart, wrote that The pink M. bartonianus came to me from a friend some 18 years or so ago. In 1978-79 a bud sport occurred in We in the Emerald isle think highly of this noble the centre of the clump. This was of an orange scarlet Meconopsis, and predict for it a great future, and colour and is presumably the cultivar ‘Sunset’. regard it as another plant to perpetuate the name of the intrepid explorer Captain F. Kingdon Ward. refs: R. Sidwell (in litt. 21 May 1984, 6 August 1984); IGPS newsl 23 (January 1987): 10; Gard. illust. 62 (December refs: Gard. chron. 86 (ser. 3) (2 November 1929): 343; — 94 1945): 711; Nelson, The new plantsman 4 (1997): 98-114; (ser. 3) (9 December 1933): 432. Nelson & Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 126; Gard. chron. illust: Gard. chron. 94 (ser. 3) (9 December 1933): 429 (clump 84 (ser. 3) (8 September 1928): 191. growing at Mount Stewart) ‘Maclainianus’ before 1841 syn: M. maclainii, M. roseus (hybridus) var. maclainianus ❀❀❀ ‘... this, we think, exceeds [M. Roseus and M. cardinalis] ... in the size and rich colouring of the flower.’ Megasea = Bergenia Origin: raised by Maclain, a florist, of Harold’s Cross, Dublin. ❀❀❀ We have seen it growing at the Horticultural Society, Menziesia = Daboecia but our fine flowering specimen was received in June 1841, from Mr. Ferguson, the Curator of the Belfast ❀❀❀ Botanic Garden, under the name of M. Maclainii; Mr. Maclain, Florist, ... having reared it by crossing, as we Mimulus believe, M. roseus with some other species. Scrophulariaceae. Monkey-flower. According to W. J. Hooker, Maclain M. x bartonianus before 1920 syn: M. lewisii of some Irish gardens has bestowed much pains on producing new varieties 3ft tall, perennial, ‘the foliage ... is a darker green than that of of several ornamental Genera of plants, and, in the most of its race, the deeply veined leaves and stems being present instance, has proved very successful. ... Mr. slightly silvered with hairs and sticky to the touch. ... flowers Maclain’s collection is rich in seedling hybrids of about 2 ins across and very attractive in their bright rosy cerise Calceolaria, Petunia, Verbena and Pelargonium. with a distinct yellow throat’, ‘flowers are old-rose colour, the throat yellow, with carmine coloured spots’ Alas, we know nothing more about the man or his plants. Origin: a chance seedling, presumably, at The Bush, Antrim, ref: Curtis’s bot. mag. (1842), t. 3924 Co. Antrim, where H. D. M Barton lived; introduced by H. D. illust: Curtis’s bot. mag. (1842), t. 3924 M. Barton. The plant blossoms most of the summer. The plant is believed to be a hybrid between M. cardinalis ‘Westmeathensis’ and M. lewisii, and it sported at the Daisy Hill Nursery, syn: M. westmeathensis Newry, giving ‘Sunset’ (qv). No description traced. Because this is a sterile hybrid it has to be propagated by Origin: a seedling raised at Ladiston House, Mullingar, Co. 117 Westmeath, and exhibited by John Charles Lyons of the roots’. refs: Ladiston catalogue This plant was renamed ‘Elegantissima’ (qv) and was introduced by the Newry nursery, Rodger, M’Clelland & Co. ❀❀❀ marketed. awards: Bronze medal & certificate (RHSI), July 1879. Monanthes refs: The garden 16 (12 July 1879): 32; Rev. hort. Belge (1881): Crassulaceae. Houseleeks. 193-194.

See the note under Aeonium. Praeger also introduced ‘Elegantissima’ c. 1880 species now included in this genus: ‘The species of syn: Myosotis variegata elegantissima Monanthes are somewhat puzzling. I believe I obtained ‘silver-edged, blue-flowered’ forget-me-not’. several [new] species in addition to those given above [M. Origin: Rodger, M’Clelland & Co., Newry, Co. Down, had anagensis, etc.], but await the development of cultivated stock of this. It was proudly illustrated in the catalogue: material.’ ‘One of the most charming Spring Bedding Plants distributed for many years’, was the claim in the catalogue. M. anagensis This is the same plant, according to W. E. Gumbleton,c. as 1925 the Flowers yellowish; leaves slender, usually tinged red. variegated forget-me-not from Co. Kildare named M. Origin: found by Praeger on Sierra de Anaga, Tenerife; the dissitiflora ‘Variegata’ (see above)! species is endemic to Tenerife. The species was named using plants grown at the National Botanic Gardens, La belle petite Borraginée à feuilles panachées, si bien Glasnevin, as “type specimens”. figurée dans une des dernières livraisons de al Revue de l’horticulture belge, et don’t on désire connaìtre It is surprising that this plant has escaped observation l’origine, est née dans un jardin privé dane le nord de [hitherto], as it grows in profusion at many places along l’Irlands [sic], à Newberry, Kilcullan [sic Co. Kildare], the well-known road which follows the ridge of Anaga appartenant à M. La Fouche [sic Touche] ... L’édition from Hermita Carmen to the Cruz de Taganana, mixed entière a été acquise par la maison horticole de MM. with M. laxiflora (agriostaphis), from which it is Rodger, McClelland et Cie, de Newry ... immediately distinguished by its shrubby growth and narrow light-green or reddish leaves. Gumbleton went on to note that he had obtained the plant from Newry about two years previously (c. 1879), and by refs: Nelson, ‘Robert Lloyd Praeger’s Crassulaceae...’, Bradleya 1881 had 400 plants (‘... la multiplication en est 11 (1993): 91-106; Bramwell & Bramwell, Wild flowers of extrêmement rapide et facile...’). Planted out with tulips, the the Canary Islands (1974), 136; Praeger, ‘Notes on Canarian forget-me-not produced ‘un effet tout à fait charmant au and Madeiran semperviva’, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard., Edinburgh printemps et est admirée de tous les visiteurs.’ 29 (1925): 216-217. refs: Supplemental catalogue ... Rodger, M’Clelland & Co.: 7 [c. 1882]; Rev. hort. Belge (1881): 193-194; Gumbleton, M. praegeri was named by Dr David Bramwell after Robert ‘Origine de Myosotis variegata elegantissima’, Rev. hort. Lloyd Praeger. It is also endemic on Tenerife. Belge (1881): 247; The sport 12 (Summer 1994); Nelson & ref: Bramwell & Bramwell, Wild flowers of the Canary Islands Grills, Daisy Hill Nursery (1998), 126. (1974), 136. illusts: Supplemental catalogue ... Rodger, M’Clelland & Co.[c. illust: Bramwell & Bramwell, Wild flowers of the Canary Islands 1882]; Rev. hort. Belge (1881): opp. 193. (1974), fig 142. ‘Picturata’ c. 1880 ❀❀❀ Flowers white; leaves with large gold blotch in centre. Origin: William Edward Gumbleton provided the history of Myosotis this cultivar which was propagated from ‘Elegantissima’ by Boraginaceae. Forget-me-not. Thomas Smith while at Rodger, McClelland & Co., Newry.

M. azorica ‘Barton’s Variety’ L’intelligent chef de culture de la même maisonbefore 1934 Perennial with woody rootstock; leaves lance-shaped, pointed, [Rodger, McClelland & Co.] M. F. Smith [sic], a obtenu et dull mid-green above; flowers violet-purple with yellow eye, fixé une autre variation de ce même Myosotis April-May; ‘The colour of the flowers in this variety is a little [‘Elegantissima’], mais à fleurs blanches au lieu de paler than those of the type, but they are borne in such belues; il l’a nommée Myosotis picturata et le feuillage, profusion that if the two are grown side by side the variety au lie d’être bordé d’argent, a une grande tache d’or completely eclipses the type in beauty.’ bien tranchée au centre de chaque feuille; elle est Origin: ‘This delightful variety of the well-known Myosotis même de croissance plus vigoureuse encore que sa azorica, ... I believe originated in Ireland ...’. I have traced no soeur... further information about this cultivar. ref: Gard chron. 95 (23 June 1934): 421. Gumbleton also had this by 1881, and from one plant had produced 45. M. dissitiflora ‘Variegata’ Thomas Smith informed Gumbleton that he had evenc. 1877 syn: Myosotis variegata elegantissima managed to get a third variant with the leaves spangled and ‘The bold and elegant variegation of the leaves, the bright blue, dotted with gold, but this had not flowered. I am not able to with a small yellow eye, of the flowers, the particularly neat and discovered if it was ever named. compact habit of the plant, and the facility with which it may be refs: Gumbleton, ‘Origine de Myosotis variegata elegantissima’, multiplied, combine to render it particularly suitable for Rev. hort. Belge (1881): 247; The sport 12 (Summer 1994). bedding purposes.’ Origin: ‘raised in the garden of Mr. Percy and Lady Annette ‘White Pearl’ before 1917 la Touche, at Newberry, Co. Kildare’. White flowers. The published account stated that the plant had maintained Origin: from Munster Institute, Cork, Co. Cork; introduced its character for two years, before it was exhibited. It had by E. Bowers. This plant was ‘raised and fixed’ by Bowers been extensively propagated ‘both by cuttings and division and was included in trials of forget-me-nots at the Royal 118 Horticultural Society’s Garden, Wisley, Surrey, during 1917. It was readily raised from seed. Edward Henry Bowers (1881-1948), a native of Co. Waterford, was a horticultural instructor, and later a teacher of rural studies (see M. E. Mitchell, ‘150 years of Irish lichenology’, Glasra 2 (n.s.) (1995): 150-151). He contributed frequently to Irish gardening and was a competent draughtsman and photographer. refs: Ir. gardening 14 (1919): 93; — 15 (1920): 87.

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Myrtus apiculatus ‘Glanleam Gold’ = Luma apiculata ‘Glanleam Gold’

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