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'Accessibility to Heritage Buildings: Towards Designing for the Needs Of ACCESSIBILITY FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PERSONS IN HERITAGE BUILDINGS PHAN MENG HOOI Malaya of FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT UniversityUNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2016 ACCESSIBILITY FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PERSONS IN HERITAGE BUILDINGS PHAN MENG HOOI DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTSy FO ofR THE MalayaDEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (ARCHITECTURE) FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA UniversitKUALA LUMPUR 2016 UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate : PHAN MENG HOOI I.C/ Passport No. : Registration/Matric No. : BGB080008 Name of Degree : MASTER OF SCIENCE (ARCHITECUTRE) Title of Project Paper/Research Report/Dissertation/Thesis (“this Work”): ACCESSIBILITY FOR PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED PERSONS IN HERITAGE BUILDINGS Filed of Study : CONSERVATION STUDIES I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author / writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; Malaya (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this Work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rightsof in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya (“UM”), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright of this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by any means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM. Candidate’sUniversity Signature Date: Subscribed and solemnly declared before, Witness’s Signature Date: Name: Designation: ii TUNTUTAN PIHAK KETIGA Projek Ilmiah ini disediakan bagi memenuhi syarat keperluan bagi pengijazahan Sarjana Sains Senibina oleh Universiti Malaya. Pihak Jabatan Senibina, Fakulti Alam Bina, Universiti Malaya, tidak bertanggungjawab atas sebarang tuntutan dari pihak ketiga yang berhubung kait dalam penyediaan Projek Ilmiah ini. 30 AUGUST 2016 Malaya This Academic Project is prepared hereof in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Architecture by the University of Malaya. The Department of Architecture, Faculty of the Built Environment, University of Malaya makes no responsible for any claim from the third party with regars to the production of this Academic Project. 30University AUGUST 2016 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the course of completing this dissertation, I would greatly express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Naziaty Mohd Yaacob for her continuous patience, motivation of my research study. Her immerse knowledge on barrier free environment design helped me in all the time of study and widen my research from various perspectives. Besides, I have own a great deal to all managements and committees of the selected case study in Malacca and George Town. They have given off their precious time to attain interview session and most importantly permission to conduct filed work on their property. Without their supports it would not possible to conduct the research smoothly. My sincere thanks also go to many individuals whom I may not ableMalaya to name them individually in this constraints of space. Their constantly enofcouragement and generous assistance have kept my enthusiasm support to complete the research study. Last but not the least; I would dedicate this dissertation to my family for supporting me spiritually and motivates me throughout the study. University iv ABSTRACT Inscription of UNESCO World Heritage Sites to George Town, Penang and Historical Straits of Malacca in 2008 has elevated heritage tourism of Malaysia to be one of the main proponents continually to boost our economy. Researches have learnt preserving local resources especially heritage capital to heritage tourism and improving social interest like accessibility needs for persons with disabilities could constitute to quality tourism. At the same time, it is parallel with regional proclamation to achieve ‘inclusive, barrier free and right based society’ approach in Asia Pacific region. It leads the research to explore whether thinking about accessibility needs for persons with physical disabilities within heritage properties happen in Malaysia. The pilot case studies in MalayaMalacca and Penang ascertained inception of the approach coexists in Malaysiaof yet it is still a new phenomenon and attempt in national planning since enforcement of the Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 and amendment to UBBL 34A to make public building accessible for all. Besides, the tested case study protocol derived an inventory to assist the existing checklist in access auditing on heritage buildings. The direct observation was then conducted by the checklist and inventory on replicated case study in selection from GeorgeUniversity Town based on variation of the researched phenomenon and heritage attributes. Due to study encountered each conservation work has unique heritage significance in case study especially Leong San Tong Khoo Kongsi, St. George Church and Suffolk House in George Town. The access auditing on multiple-case study indicated access problems on restored key elements of heritage buildings as perceived under current practicing local guidelines and code of practices. v Eventually conflicts were revealed in convergence of barrier free environment and conservation approach. Conversely research justified appropriate access could be addressed under reasonable accommodation to enclave gaps between both principles. The design adjustment could be guided within degree of intervention and intensity of use to meet the minimum level of easy access without adversely effecting heritage significance and authenticity of heritage property. The minimum level of accessibility are attainable by the identified fundamental nine core elements along sequence of journey through the heritage site from pre-information until leaving the site at the end of visiting. Certainly there is never a fixed standard in proposing accessible heritage due to heritage significance and conservation planning varies in cases basis. In turn, what areMalaya the scale to measure equilibrium between both contradict approaches couldof be researched in future. University vi ABSTRAK Inskripsi ‘UNESCO World Heritage Sites to George Town, Penang and Historical Straits of Malacca’ pada tahun 2008 telah mengalak pelancongan warisan terus sebagai salah satu penyokong utaman ekonomi Malaysia. Kajian mendapati permuliharaan sumber tempatan terutamanya harta warisan kepada pelancongan warisan dan mempertingkatkan kepentingan sosial seperti kebolehaksesan kepada orang kurang upaya dapat mencapai pelancongan yang berkualiti. Di samping selaras dengan pengiktirafan serantau untuk mencapai “masyarakat inklusif, bebas halangan, dan kesetaraan”. Ini mencadang penyelidikan tersebut menerokai adakah kebolehaksesan bagi orang kurang upaya termasuk dalam pemuliharan harta warisan di Malaysia. Kajian kes di Melaka danMalaya Penang memastikan pendekatan tersebut telah dilaksana di Malaysia teoftapi masih merupakan fenomea yang baru dan termasuk dalam pelan nasional sejak penguatkuasa Akta Orang Kurang Upaya 2008 dan pindaan kepada UBBL 34A bagi memastikan kebolehaksesan dalam bangunan awam. Selain itu, protokol kajian kes yang dikaji memperuntuk satu inventori bagi membantu senarai semakan sediada untuk menilai kebolehaksesan dalam bangunan warisan. Pemerhatian langsung ini didorong oleh senarai semakan danUniversity inventori kepada kajian kes terpilih daripada George Town berdasarkan variasi fenomena penyelidikan dan ciri-ciri warisan. Ini disebabkan kajian mendapati kerja permuliharan tergantung kepada unsur-unsur warisan yang unik dalam setiap kes kajian termasuk Leong San Tong Khoo Kongsi, St. George Church and Suffolk House di George Town. Akses audit dalam kepelbagaian kes kajian ini menunjuk masalah kebolehaksesan dalam unsur-unsur warisan utama yang diserta vii dalam garis panduan tempatan dan kod amalan pada semasa. Dengan ini percanggahan juga diserlah untuk menggabungkan prinsip persekitaran bebas halangan dan pendekatan permuliharaan warisan. Sebaliknya penyelidikan mendapati akses sewajarnya boleh ditangani dengan penyesuaian munasabah untuk melengkap kekurangan antara kedua-dua prinsip. Pelarasan reka bentuk boleh dipandu oleh tahap pengubahsuaian dan keamatan penggunaan untuk memenuhi tahap minimum kebolehaksesan tanpa menjejas unsur warisan dan kesahihan harta warisan. Tahap minimum kebolehaksesan boleh tercapai dengan sembilan unsur teras asas yang dikenal pasti dalam sepanjang lawatan tapak warisan daripara pra-maklumat sehingga meninggal tempat di akhir lawatan. Sudah pasti piawaian yang ditetap dalam candanganMalaya kebolehaksesan warisan adalah tidak sesuai kerana perbezaanof signifikasi warisan dan perancangan permuliharaan berasas kepada kes-kes tertentu. Sebaliknya, skala untuk mengukur keseimbangan antara kedua-dua pendekatan yang bercanggah boleh dikaji pada masa akan datang. University viii TABLE OF CONTENT ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DISSERTATION ii TUNTUTAN PIHAK KETIGA iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ABSTRACT
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