Studbook 2009 Anodorhynchus Leari

International Studbook for the Lear´s Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari )

Ruske´10

Edited by: Dr. Matthias Reinschmidt

Compiled by: Mirjam Stolze [email protected]

3rd edition, published September 2010 Data current as of 31 st December 2009

Introduction

The Lear's Macaw ( Anodorhynchus leari ) occurs in the area of semi-arid caatinga in north-eastern Brazil, where it is endemic. It lives in close relationship with a species of palm, the Licuri, which produces hard fruit that is the main part of the macaw’s diet. The people of this region are also adapted to the harshness, growing corn and grazing cattle and goats. The grazing has a negative effect on the regeneration of Licuri palms, and macaws adversely affect the corn crop, resulting in a conflict for each of the players - a situation that must be resolved to ensure the Lear's Macaw’s survival and existence in harmony with man.

A wild population of A. leari was first found in 1978, although the species was already known to science for over 150 years by the specimens in trade. We now know of two colonies in Toca Velha (Canudos) and Serra Branca (Jeremoabo) in South Raso da Catarina plateau in north-eastern Bahia, Brazil. So far, no colonies have been found elsewhere, but the macaws travel long distances, following the Licuri palm concentrations. In 1995 a refuge was found with 22 birds Sento Sé / Campo Formoso, 200 km to the east, but these birds have their origin in the populations of Toca Velha and Serra Branca. These sightings of Lear's Macaw so far from their known colonies continue to occur. Lear's Macaws feeding on the Licuri palm Lear’s Macaw Project

The Lear's Macaw, is protected by Brazilian law, has an extremely small breeding population and exists in one small area (3.900km 2). The Licuri palm once covered an area of 250,000 km 2, but this was reduced drastically by grazing, and thus the macaw is threatened by habitat degradation. It is also threatened by illegal trapping for trade, and there are occasional shots from farmers in areas where maize plantations are attacked. In the caatinga, the Lear's Macaw is especially associated with spectacular sandstone cliffs, used as a refuge and for breeding in colonies in the long tunnels, to a depth of up to seven metres. It is dangerous to climb the cliffs but, in spite of difficult access, the concentration of the macaws in such small places puts them in danger, and especially at the mercy of some macaw smugglers. It is reported that in 1992-1995, approx. 20 specimens were captured and sold to smugglers of Toca Velha / Serra Branca, and in 1996 at least 19 birds were captured. In recent years, at least 33 more macaws have been confiscated from traffickers.

Despite continued pressure from habitat degradation and hunting, the good news is that the global population continues to grow. In 2001 the estimated population was 246 macaws, 400-500 in 2004, 570 in 2005, 632 in 2006, over 700 in 2007 and now over 1,000 in 2010. Research by CEMAVE revealed in 2005 an average of 1.83 eggs per nest, and 80 juveniles, and 1.46 and 63 respectively in 2006. As a result of the growth of the Lear's Macaw population, the IUCN reduce the threat level from “Critically Endangered” to "Endangered". This was decided after clarifying what proportion of the population growth is real versus what is the result of improvements in the methods of census and recording. However, there is no doubt that in the coming years the conservation efforts must continue, and the species remains in CITES Appendix 1.

2 To clarify and prioritize the required conservation measures, a plan has been published (IBAMA 2006), and the success of the measures and activities recommended will be essential for the survival of the species. The Government of Brazil has formed the Lear's Macaw Conservation Committee, overseen by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), with Brazilian and foreign members, including the Loro Parque Fundación. The agency coordinating government funded research and conservation activities in the field is the National Research Centre for Wild Bird Conservation (CEMAVE). There is little formal protection of land within the range of the species, but the two most important protected areas are the Ecological Reserve of Raso da Catarina, and the Biological Station of Canudos run by the Brazilian NGO Fundação Biodiversitas. The Loro Parque Fundación has supported work at Canudos, but mainly supports other activities, previously through Brazilian Association for Bird Conservation (Proaves) and the Society for Bird Conservation of Brazil (SAVE Brasil), and currently through the Blue Macaw Institute (Instituto Arara Azul). The LPF funding total since 2006 is US$205.530, and the main activities included to date have been to:

1) Through awareness-raising and environmental education, change attitudes and behaviours within the local communities about the importance of preserving the Lear's Macaw.

2) The establishment of a local crafts industry based on the sustainable use of Licuri and other plants native to the region, to promote alternatives to destructive farming and strengthen the local economy.

3) The long-term protection of the main food source of the Lear's Macaw: the Licuri palm.

4) The long-term protection of the breeding and roosting cliffs.

According to our survey of public opinion in the communities living in the area of the Lear's Macaw, a part of the local population understands that this species is special to the region where they live. This understanding must be nourished in combination with efforts to help farmers whose corn crops are affected by the birds. For that reason, the project organizes lectures in schools and cooperatives, distributes t-shirts, a Lear's Macaw newspaper and calendars. The calendars show the winning drawings of Lear's Macaw in competitions for children from local schools. In a region which has no cinemas, the project organizes film presentations showing the macaws and other wildlife. This activity has been particularly successful, as well as art workshops which are very promising for the promotion of local arts and crafts made especially from parts (mainly the fronds) of Licuri palms, and for the economic benefit can Local cooperatives wearing the t-shirts be achieved with its continuation. Lear’s Macaw Project

Working with the Licuri palms includes an updated map on land use in the region, which shows that livestock grazing and the cultivation of corn still prevail. The project is working on the assessment of the density of Licuri palms and other vegetation from one place to another, to seek new areas for feeding and to investigate the natural regeneration. A register of tall trees has also been developed, because they are important for the macaw "guards" to warn others of danger. The ripe fruit of the Licuri palms in areas that are too far from these “safe” trees may not be eaten by macaws for this reason. In recent years transplanting of Licuri palms was attempted in two farms (Santana and Serra

3 Branca) but the low level of survival has been related in part to the difficulties of irrigation. One option for the future could focus on the protection of palms that have sprouted naturally, until they are large enough to withstand this pressure.

Furthermore, alternative sources of food have been investigated, but the Licuri palm remains vital, as observations show from the past 20 years. These show that an adult macaw takes an average 25 seconds to open a Licuri fruit and remove the endosperm. However, this activity can be interrupted for a few seconds while the bird observes its surroundings or egages in other activities. Therefore a foraging macaw eats on average 118 Licuri fruits per hour which, calculated from the daily time spent on foraging, results in an average of 350 fruits per day. More recent observations suggest that a Lear's Macaw can live off a smaller amount, and that females feeding their chicks can eat at least twice the usual daily amount of food. Thus, more work is needed Licuri consumption. An analysis of the nutritional value of Licuri fruit shows that the endosperm is the main source of lipids (49.2%) and protein (11.5%) and contains 9.7% carbohydrate. When a Lear's Macaw opens the hard shell, it has at its disposal a very important source of food. The pulp of the Licuri fruit has a lot more water and 4.5% lipids, 3.2% protein and 13.2% carbohydrate. But this part appears to be an important source of -1 beta carotene (26.1 µg.g ) and a source of pro- Group of Lear's Macaws vitamin A (retinal equivalent of 4.4) and contains Lear’s Macaw Project alphatocopherol (3.8 µg.g -1).

In July the Lear's Macaw consumption of maize is higher, because at this time there are few Licuri fruits. This problem has been observed for over 15 years, but development of the conservation programme will be negative if the wild population continues to grow and farmers choose to shoot the birds. It is clear that a small farmer can lose most of his corn crop in no time by a single attack of macaws. To prevent loss of control of this situation a system of compensation for farmers has been installed. Any farmer who has losses due to attacks by Lear's Macaws will be compensated directly with corn up to 110% of the damage, following a rigorous evaluation.

Strengthening the activities for awareness and education with the local communities can be combined with improved facilities for projects, for example in the community of Jeremoabo, including an area designed specifically for educational activities. From time to time, wounded and rescued macaws are brought to the existing centre there, and the project needs to build a small clinic for emergency treatment of these rescued macaws. Another improvement is to have a space for cages, near to the education area, for the macaws that still cannot be reintroduced. Local products made for the project Lear’s Macaw Project

References IBAMA (2006) Management Plan for the Lear’s Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari ). Endangered Species Series 4. Brasilia: Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, Fauna Species Protection Coordination.

This studbook is the first Lear’s Macaw studbook to be published with the help of SPARKS v1.56beta, hence the different layout. In 2006 IBAMA (now ICMBio) decided to give the coordination of the studbook for the Lear’s Macaw to Loro Parque Fundacion and Matthias Reinschmidt as the managing studbook keeper. Ryan Watson from Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, and previously Onildo Marini Filho from ICMBio, have the position of supporting studbook keepers. The situation of the studbook numbers is not clear from previous recording, so it was decided to keep the same numbers and continue with those. From 2006 new animals that were added got a number from 70 on.

Information and Organisation of the studbook

International studbook keeper: Dr. biol. anim. Matthias Reinschmidt Loro Parque Fundación [email protected]

Species coordinator: Dr. Yara de Melo Barros, Foz Tropicana Parque das Aves [email protected]

Supporting studbook keepers: Ryan Watson, Al Wabra Wildlife Preserv. [email protected]

Onildo Marini Filho, ICMBio [email protected]

Last edition of printed International Studbook of 2009, published in 2010 studbook:

Dr. M. Reinschmidt Anodorhynchus leari adult

5 Contents

1 Programme update 2009 ...... 7 General development ...... 7 Development in detail ...... 8 2 Studbook analyses ...... 9 Inbreeding level...... 9 Population number development ...... 9 Age dispersal ...... 11 3 Reproduction analyses ...... 14 Dam data ...... 14 Sire data...... 15 4 Population summary and recommendations ...... 17

Appendix I Location glossary Appendix II Living population per institute during 2009 Appendix III Hatches in 2009 Appendix IV Deaths in 2009 Appendix V Transfers in 2009 Appendix VI Historical population

Dr. M. Reinschmidt Anodorhynchus leari adult

6 1 Programme update 2009

This chapter will outline the number of births, transfers and deaths, which occurred during the year 2009. Appendix I shows a location glossary for the locations mentioned in this chapter. See Appendix II for detailed information concerning every individual bird alive in 2009.

General development The following table shows the development of the population during the year 2009.

Status and development of the Lear´s macaw ( Anodorhynchus leari ) population in 2009

Participants Status Hatches Transfers Deaths Status 1 jan 2009 between 31 Dec 2009 collections In Out Al Wabra 3.9.0 3.9.0 Aproaves 1.1.0 1.1.0 Busch Gardens 0.2.0 0.2.0 0.0.0 Crax 1.1.0 1.1.0 Zoo de Belo Horizonte 0.1.0 0.1.0 Harewood Bird Garden 1.2.0 1.2.0 Lymington Foundation 1.1.0 1.1.0 Rio Zoo 5.5.0 5.5.0 Sao Paulo Zoo 4.8.0 4.8.0 Puerto de la Cruz 5.6.0 2.2.0 0.2.0 7.10.0 Total 21.36.0 2.2.0 0.2.0 0.2.0 0.0.0 23.38.0 57 4 2 2 0 61

During 2009 four birds were bred in the total population; all in Puerto de la Cruz. One transfer was done of two females from Busch Gardens to Puerto de la Cruz. No deaths occurred during 2009.

The grand total population increased with four birds to 61 birds. The sex ratio remains unequal with more females than males.

7 Development in detail This section gives detailed information concerning hatches, deaths and transfers during 2009. See Appendix I for the Location glossary. And Appendix III to V for more detailed information about the hatches, deaths and transfers in 2009.

Hatches Studb Sex Hatch date Sire Dam Location Local Ring / no ID transponder 99 Female 07-07-2009 36 25 Puerto de la Cruz 21958 LPF09120023 100 Female 10-07-2009 41 40 Puerto de la Cruz 22031 LPF09140025 101 Male 11-07-2009 41 40 Puerto de la Cruz 22032 LPF09140029 102 Male 12-07-2009 36 25 Puerto de la Cruz 21957 LPF09140009 Totals: 2.2.0

Deaths Studb Sex Hatch date Sire Dam Location Death date Local ID Ring no

Totals: 0.0.0

Transfers Studb Sex Hatch date From To Date Ring no 97 Female 29-06-1984 Busch Gardens Puerto de la Cruz 30-08-2009 52377064 98 Female 24-09-1984 Busch Gardens Puerto de la Cruz 30-08-2009 52378068 Totals: 0.2.0

8 2 Studbook analyses

The figures and tables shown in this chapter, offer analyses concerning the current population status as well as the population development since the first registrations. Appendix II gives an overview of the living population in 2009 and Appendix VI gives an overview of the complete historical population. The hatch date and capture date for wild caught animals or birds of unknown origin for which the dates are unknown are set to two years before entering the studbook population.

The goals for the population is to establish a healthy breeding population for the conservation of the species. The captive population is a reserve and should eventually be able to offer individuals that can be released into the wild if needed.

Of the total population of 23.38.0 (61) birds, 18.27.0 (45) are founders (the two females that came from Busch Gardens are captive born, but are considered to be founders for the captive population; there is no known information about the parentage). That is 73.8% of the total captive population, which means there is a good genetic diversity. The captive born offspring in the population (not counting the females from Busch Gardens) are from 3 different pairs.

Inbreeding level None of the birds in the population are considered to be inbred.

Inbreeding – 31 Dec 2009 Studbook no Sex Age (Y,M,D) Sire Dam Location Inbreeding coefficient none

Population number development The population is steadily increasing and almost doubles in the last 10 years. The annual Lambda has mostly been above 1.

Population number development 1990 - 2009 Population numbers Year Total Males Females Unknown sex Annual Lambda 1990 8 4 4 0 0.73 1991 8 4 4 0 1.00 1992 5 1 4 0 0.63 1993 5 1 4 0 1.00 1994 5 1 4 0 1.00 1995 13 5 8 0 2.60 1996 13 5 8 0 1.00 1997 23 8 11 4 1.77 1998 31 12 15 4 1.35 1999 35 14 17 4 1.13 2000 38 16 18 4 1.09 2001 36 16 20 0 0.95 2002 37 17 20 0 1.03 2003 38 18 20 0 1.03 2004 41 17 24 0 1.08 2005 44 18 26 0 1.07 2006 45 19 26 0 1.02 2007 54 22 32 0 1.20 2008 57 21 36 0 1.06 2009 61 23 38 0 1.07

The trend is clearly visible in the next graph. This graph also shows the difference in male and female population numbers and how this ratio has been over the years.

Population Number Development by sex

40 Total Males Females 30 Unknown sex Number Number of individuals 20

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year

The graph below shows the development of the population by birth type. It shows that the numbers of wild born individuals almost equal the total population until 2006 when the first captive hatches

10 occurred. The difference between the numbers of wild born birds and the total population are the two females that were born at Busch Gardens.

Population Number development by birth type

40 Total Wild born Captive born 30 Unknown birth type Number Number of individuals 20

0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year

The table below shows the number of captive hatches and deaths in the last five years. In total 16 birds hatched and only 3 birds died in this period.

Hatches Deaths 2005 0.0.0 0.0.0 2006 0.1.0 0.1.0 2007 2.4.0 0.0.0 2008 1.4.0 2.0.0 2009 2.2.0 0.0.0 Total 5.11.0 2.1.0

Age dispersal The general shape of the age pyramid is not pyramid-shaped (see figure below) and it contains a lot of gaps and irregular divided age-classes. It should be noted that 28 individuals in the population are of unknown age and thus not included in this figure.

11 Age Pyramid 31 Dec 2009

14 Females

Age 12 Males

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Number of individuals

*Not included: 28 individuals of unknown age

The following table shows which particular individuals are present in each age class, represented in the age pyramid. Birds of unknown age and sex are also included here. See Appendix II for more detailed information concerning each individual.

Dr. M. Reinschmidt Anodorhynchus leari at 1 day old

Ages of individuals – 31 Dec 2009 Age Studbook numbers Males Females Unknown sex 25 97; 98 24 23 79* 80*; 81* 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 23 15 14 24; 41 25; 40; 43 13 71*; 75*; 76* 70*; 72*; 73*; 77* 12 35; 36; 38; 52*; 53* 34; 37; 39; 54*; 55* 11 10 47 46; 49*; 50* 9 51* 8 56*; 82 58*; 61* 7 57*; 59*; 60* 6 64* 63* 5 4 89* 3 92* 78; 91* 2 83; 88 84; 85; 86; 87 1 94 90; 93; 95; 96 0 101; 102 99; 100 * Birds of unknown age, but at least of the given age

Dr. M. Reinschmidt Anodorhynchus leari about 6 weeks old

13 3 Reproduction analyses

Incubation period set to 27 days, ~0.9 months. Ages are as of egg-laying for dams, as of insemination for sires.

Dam data 3 reported dams, with 5.13 (18) offspring

Youngest dams at first reproduction: 72 at age Unknown, but roughly ~10Y,5M,15D 25 at age ~11Y 40 at age ~13Y

Oldest dams at first reproduction: 40 at age ~13Y 25 at age ~11Y 72 at age Unknown, but roughly ~10Y,5M,15D

Oldest dams to have reproduced: 72 at age Unknown, but roughly ~14Y,3M,26D 72 at age Unknown, but roughly ~14Y,3M,25D 25 at age ~14Y 40 at age ~14Y 40 at age ~14Y 25 at age ~14Y 40 at age ~13Y 40 at age ~13Y 25 at age ~13Y 25 at age ~12Y

Females Median Average N Age at first reproduction: ~12Y 12Y,5M,14D 2 During all reproduction: ~13Y 13Y,1M,5D 11 Age at last reproduction: ~14Y 14Y,0M,15D 2

Shortest interclutch intervals Dam Interval Offspring 25 63 days between babies 83 & 87 25 73 days between babies 90 & 94 25 287 days between babies 87 & 90 72 332 days between babies 78 & 84 72 341 days between babies 84 & 93 25 362 days between babies 94 & 99 40 365 days between babies 95 & 100 72 737 days between babies 93 & 103

Dams with most offspring: Dam Number of offspring 72 7 25 7 40 4 14

Hatch seasonality (clutches* to known dams) January: 0 0% February: 0 0% March: 0 0% April: 1 9% May: 3 27% June: 1 9% July: 6 55% August: 0 0% September: 0 0% October: 0 0% November: 0 0% December: 0 0% (Clutches* with a hatchdate estimate of 'Y' not included.)

Viability: Rearing: Lived > 1 year Died < 1 year Died < 30 days Parent (10) 10 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Hand (6) 6 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Foster (2) 2 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) Total 18 (100%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)

First hatches to dams at an average age of ~11Y,9M,15D 100.0% lived >1 year 0.0% died <1 year 0.0% died <30 days N = 3 N = 0 N = 0

Subsequent hatches to dams at an average age of ~12Y,11M,13D 100.0% lived >1 year 0.0% died <1 year 0.0% died <30 days N = 15 N = 0 N = 0

Clutch size* N 1 5 45% 2 5 45% 3 1 9% 11 total clutches, mean size is 1.6 (Clutches laid within 15 days)

*Cluthes only include hatched chicks. Infertile eggs or chicks that died prior to hatching are not included in the studbook and this list.

Sire data

3 reported sires, with 5.13 (18) offspring

Youngest sires at first reproduction: 36 at age ~9Y 75 at age Unknown, but roughly ~10Y,4M,19D 41 at age ~12Y

15 Oldest sires at first reproduction: 41 at age ~12Y 75 at age Unknown, but roughly ~10Y,4M,19D 36 at age ~9Y

Oldest sires to have reproduced: 75 at age Unknown, but roughly ~14Y,2M,30D 75 at age Unknown, but roughly ~14Y,2M,29D 41 at age ~13Y 41 at age ~13Y 41 at age ~12Y 41 at age ~12Y 75 at age Unknown, but roughly ~12Y,2M,22D 36 at age ~11Y 36 at age ~11Y 75 at age Unknown, but roughly ~11Y,4M,1D

Males Median Average N Age at first reproduction: ~11Y 11Y,4M,17D 2 During all reproduction: ~11Y 11Y,9M,0D 11 Age at last reproduction: ~12Y 12Y,11M,18D 2

Sires with most offspring: Sire Number of offspring 75 7 36 7 41 4

Dr. M. Reinschmidt Anodorhynchus leari adult in front of nest cave

16 4 Population summary and recommendations

For the future the keeping conditions of all the birds have to be checked. And if the birds are not paired, give them the possibility to do this in bigger flocks. Then check with the Index of similarity of Prof. Cristina Yumi Miyaki, University of Sao Paulo, if the pairing is genetically acceptable. In 2009 suggestions were made for pairings which were submitted to ICMBio and approved. The elaboration of the proposal took into consideration: a. The fact that, by a judge decision, the birds with studbook # 57, 58, 59, 60 and 61 cannot be removed from São Paulo Zoo; b. The physical condition of the birds, evaluated during the annual health check of 2009; c. The last genetic evaluation conducted by the team of Prof. Cristina Miyaki.

The table on the next page shows how well the individual males (rows) would pair with individual females (columns), classified in categories: the letter ´A´ indicates a good match, the letter ´E´ indicates a bad match.

Dr. M. Reinschmidt Anodorhynchus leari pair in front of nest cave

Categories of Anodorhynchus leari based on index r. M - male; F - female. 19 June 2009. Flavia T. Presti.

25F 34F 37F 39F 40F 43F 44F 45F 46F 49F 50F 54F 55F 57F 58F 59F 60F 61F 63F 70F 72F 73F 77F 78F 84F 85F 86F 89F 91F 23M D A D B B D C B C C A B A B B D D A A C C B D A B B C B C 24M B B D D A B E B D D C B D C D C C A C E B A D B D C C A B 35M A D D B B B B A A B C B D C B B B D D B A B B D B B B B C 36M D A C A B C C B D B A A A B B D D A A B C B D A A A B B B 38M B B D D A B A B D D C B D C D C C A C E B A D B D C E A B 41M B D D B B C C B B C D A C C B D D B C C B A C C B B B B C 47M D A D E A B D C D D B C C B E C B A C D C A C B D D E A B 48M C A D D B B D B D D B C C B D B B A C C B A C B D C E A B 51M C D B B C C C B C B D C C E C C E C C C D B C C B C B D B 52M E B B C B D C C C B B C B C C E D B B B D C C C C C B C B 53M B C C D C A D C B D D C E D D A B D E C B B B E E D D B B 56M C A B D B C D B E C B D A B C D D A A D D C D A B B C B C 64M C D D D B A D B B C D C E D D B B C E C B A B E D D D B A 71M C C A A D E A D B B D D B D B D D C B A C D B C A C A D C 74M B B C B C C D B D C B C B B B C D B B C D C D A B B B C B 75M C B C D B B D C C D C C D C D B A C D C B A B D E E E D B 76M D A B D C C C C D C B D B B C C C B A C C C C B C D C C C 82M B D B B D D B D A D E B C D C C C D D B C B D D C D B D C 92M B C D E B A D A B C C C C C D A B C D D B A C D D C E A B

A r ≤ -0,46 B r > -0,46 e ≤ -0,10 C r > -0,10 e ≤ 0,27 D r > 0,27 e ≤ 0,64 E r > 0,64

The table below (continuing on the next page) shows the ranking of the males and the compatibility with all other individuals. Again classified in the same categories: dark blue (the letter ´A´) indicates a good match, red (the letter ´E´) indicates a bad match.

Genetic similarity value (GSV) ranking of males in order of compatibility to all other Lear's Macaws. M - male; F - female. 19 June 2009. Flavia T. Presti.

Rank Stu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 36M 61F 78F 53M 63F 55F 75M 84F 85F 82M 34F 50F 92M 54F 39F 64M 35M 58F 86F 49F 57F 45F 70F 89F 73F 40F 2 35M 25F 76M 46F 72F 56M 45F 77F 47M 89F 23M 36M 44F 73F 85F 58F 52M 60F 54F 43F 74M 40F 48M 71M 86F 24M 3 71M 48M 47M 86F 39F 92M 44F 37F 24M 38M 75M 84F 70F 54F 55F 76M 56M 58F 46F 49F 63F 53M 64M 35M 77F 74M 4 74M 78F 85F 75M 84F 61F 34F 63F 45F 39F 53M 64M 35M 55F 25F 82M 76M 91F 92M 58F 52M 71M 86F 50F 57F 43F 5 23M 61F 78F 53M 63F 55F 82M 34F 50F 92M 64M 35M 85F 75M 84F 57F 39F 89F 73F 54F 40F 58F 71M 45F 86F 51M 6 76M 41M 35M 34F 63F 64M 51M 55F 37F 71M 78F 50F 57F 53M 74M 82M 92M 61F 36M 24M 38M 43F 89F 60F 40F 49F 7 56M 78F 63F 53M 64M 35M 55F 82M 61F 34F 40F 71M 50F 75M 84F 57F 89F 92M 41M 37F 85F 45F 73F 51M 49F 86F 8 52M 92M 53M 35M 55F 41M 91F 61F 24M 38M 50F 63F 49F 70F 40F 82M 74M 37F 34F 86F 44F 39F 75M 84F 64M 73F 9 41M 76M 73F 54F 25F 47M 85F 46F 75M 84F 52M 45F 48M 39F 89F 40F 72F 56M 58F 61F 86F 44F 91F 77F 78F 63F 10 48M 71M 89F 51M 61F 82M 34F 73F 43F 40F 50F 57F 60F 72F 91F 41M 78F 45F 59F 35M 52M 25F 54F 63F 74M 36M 11 82M 46F 23M 36M 48M 56M 77F 47M 37F 44F 54F 25F 74M 76M 52M 86F 24M 38M 39F 70F 73F 92M 72F 59F 35M 60F 12 92M 43F 59F 71M 45F 52M 89F 23M 36M 73F 60F 91F 25F 72F 40F 74M 76M 56M 46F 51M 82M 77F 41M 49F 85F 61F 13 51M 48M 76M 47M 75M 84F 91F 37F 86F 45F 39F 49F 73F 92M 46F 54F 56M 23M 63F 85F 53M 36M 40F 44F 24M 38M 14 70M 40F 89F 71M 73F 78F 52M 61F 36M 63F 45F 43F 35M 91F 82M 72F 25F 74M 23M 37F 59F 34F 57F 53M 64M 51M 15 47M 71M 89F 61F 40F 34F 73F 51M 35M 82M 41M 91F 43F 78F 50F 57F 60F 72F 74M 63F 45F 59F 36M 54F 53M 64M 16 64M 91F 56M 73F 76M 43F 23M 36M 46F 45F 74M 89F 59F 72F 40F 71M 60F 77F 25F 54F 52M 70F 49F 47M 61F 48M 17 75M 36M 71M 60F 73F 74M 51M 43F 89F 72F 59F 23M 41M 91F 56M 34F 35M 40F 77F 25F 54F 46F 52M 61F 57F 70F 18 53M 36M 23M 56M 59F 43F 73F 91F 60F 46F 52M 74M 25F 76M 72F 71M 89F 77F 54F 45F 40F 51M 70F 41M 37F 47M 19 24M 73F 89F 61F 71M 40F 91F 78F 52M 34F 45F 43F 35M 82M 72F 25F 54F 76M 63F 59F 57F 36M 51M 60F 23M 85F 20 38M 73F 89F 61F 71M 40F 91F 78F 52M 34F 45F 43F 35M 82M 72F 25F 54F 76M 63F 59F 57F 36M 51M 60F 23M 85F

A r ≤ -0,46 B r > -0,46 e ≤ -0,10 C r > -0,10 e ≤ 0,27 D r > 0,27 e ≤ 0,64 E r > 0,64

Rank Stu 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 GSV 1 36M 91F 76M 71M 47M 44F 24M 38M 51M 48M 72F 41M 43F 37F 74M 52M 77F 56M 60F 59F 25F 46F 23M -7,124 2 35M 38M 75M 84F 39F 59F 49F 70F 91F 50F 57F 82M 51M 53M 55F 78F 63F 92M 37F 61F 64M 41M 34F -6,956 3 71M 23M 85F 36M 91F 25F 78F 61F 34F 52M 72F 41M 45F 59F 50F 57F 73F 89F 40F 82M 60F 51M 43F -4,718 4 74M 73F 47M 40F 70F 48M 49F 59F 37F 54F 89F 51M 36M 44F 24M 38M 41M 56M 60F 23M 46F 77F 72F -2,51 5 23M 91F 70F 49F 41M 44F 24M 38M 72F 25F 48M 43F 47M 76M 37F 77F 74M 60F 52M 59F 56M 46F 36M -2,345 6 76M 59F 73F 91F 86F 44F 77F 72F 75M 84F 70F 58F 45F 25F 48M 23M 85F 52M 39F 54F 47M 46F 56M -1,494 7 56M 43F 91F 52M 58F 25F 48M 59F 54F 39F 74M 72F 36M 44F 24M 38M 60F 47M 77F 70F 76M 23M 46F -0,456 8 52M 77F 48M 78F 54F 89F 51M 56M 58F 45F 47M 85F 71M 57F 46F 72F 36M 43F 76M 60F 23M 25F 59F -0,085 9 41M 23M 53M 92M 36M 55F 70F 49F 43F 71M 82M 57F 59F 64M 74M 24M 38M 60F 37F 34F 50F 35M 51M 0,156 10 48M 85F 53M 64M 55F 77F 70F 56M 76M 23M 49F 58F 92M 46F 39F 44F 24M 38M 75M 84F 37F 86F 47M 1,196 11 82M 58F 91F 64M 55F 75M 84F 41M 63F 43F 89F 40F 49F 34F 57F 51M 85F 61F 71M 53M 78F 45F 50F 2,126 12 92M 54F 34F 50F 57F 78F 47M 37F 35M 58F 48M 63F 44F 24M 38M 75M 84F 70F 86F 39F 53M 64M 55F 2,176 13 51M 35M 55F 70F 52M 58F 78F 25F 43F 61F 74M 64M 59F 77F 89F 82M 34F 72F 71M 50F 41M 60F 57F 3,291 14 70M 55F 75M 84F 46F 77F 60F 41M 76M 49F 48M 85F 50F 54F 44F 47M 92M 86F 56M 58F 24M 38M 39F 3,664 15 47M 52M 55F 77F 25F 23M 37F 49F 92M 56M 70F 46F 76M 85F 44F 24M 38M 75M 84F 39F 58F 86F 48M 4,296 16 64M 82M 51M 44F 24M 38M 41M 37F 85F 34F 50F 39F 35M 58F 75M 84F 86F 57F 78F 63F 92M 53M 55F 4,325 17 75M 45F 76M 37F 82M 50F 78F 44F 24M 38M 63F 92M 39F 64M 48M 55F 58F 49F 47M 85F 86F 53M 84F 4,348 18 53M 34F 48M 35M 44F 24M 38M 61F 57F 49F 39F 58F 82M 85F 86F 50F 78F 63F 92M 75M 84F 64M 55F 4,572 19 24M 50F 46F 53M 64M 74M 55F 77F 41M 56M 75M 84F 92M 37F 39F 48M 58F 49F 47M 44F 70F 86F 38M 5,827 20 38M 50F 46F 53M 64M 74M 55F 77F 41M 56M 75M 84F 92M 37F 39F 48M 58F 49F 47M 44F 70F 86F 24M 5,827

A r ≤ -0,46 B r > -0,46 e ≤ -0,10 C r > -0,10 e ≤ 0,27 D r > 0,27 e ≤ 0,64 E r > 0,64

20 The table below (continuing on the next page) shows the ranking of the females and the compatibility with all other individuals.

Genetic similarity value (GSV) ranking of females in order of compatibility to all other Lear's Macaws. M - male; F - female. 19 June 2009. Flavia T. Presti.

Rank Stu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 91F 57F 64M 55F 44F 86F 58F 63F 25F 77F 72F 92M 39F 53M 54F 51M 47M 85F 78F 24M 38M 46F 52M 75M 84F 48M 2 73F 24M 38M 37F 86F 64M 55F 49F 47M 48M 75M 84F 41M 58F 70F 92M 63F 39F 53M 35M 85F 44F 78F 34F 50F 59F 3 40F 70F 39F 47M 24M 38M 58F 86F 48M 37F 59F 92M 56M 34F 64M 35M 54F 55F 25F 41M 23M 52M 85F 63F 36M 44F 4 43F 92M 55F 44F 86F 54F 39F 63F 53M 64M 48M 77F 61F 75M 84F 47M 35M 37F 58F 46F 78F 24M 38M 57F 70F 72F 5 89F 37F 48M 24M 38M 47M 70F 86F 92M 39F 35M 49F 75M 84F 64M 55F 23M 41M 56M 58F 63F 34F 36M 44F 53M 59F 6 34F 46F 76M 77F 23M 47M 36M 44F 48M 56M 74M 25F 72F 40F 73F 24M 38M 86F 49F 75M 84F 45F 89F 91F 54F 52M 7 61F 36M 23M 47M 37F 24M 38M 48M 56M 59F 46F 74M 25F 43F 44F 52M 86F 49F 70F 60F 77F 91F 76M 41M 58F 45F 8 45F 92M 35M 77F 37F 44F 64M 54F 74M 55F 41M 46F 36M 24M 34F 38M 86F 63F 57F 48M 39F 70F 51M 72F 56M 23M 9 37F 89F 73F 72F 61F 71M 54F 45F 25F 76M 40F 82M 85F 50F 57F 60F 51M 43F 91F 56M 58F 52M 78F 34F 39F 70F 10 54F 49F 43F 36M 37F 41M 71M 91F 45F 35M 59F 40F 82M 23M 78F 63F 34F 50F 24M 38M 53M 75M 84F 64M 51M 60F 11 63F 56M 36M 23M 46F 91F 76M 43F 73F 59F 60F 74M 25F 77F 72F 71M 52M 45F 70F 89F 40F 54F 44F 24M 38M 47M 12 59F 92M 53M 55F 61F 63F 40F 44F 86F 75M 84F 39F 64M 54F 77F 73F 78F 48M 89F 35M 58F 85F 50F 57F 47M 24M 13 78F 56M 36M 46F 23M 74M 77F 76M 72F 73F 91F 44F 24M 38M 48M 60F 70F 43F 47M 59F 54F 25F 37F 89F 40F 49F 14 25F 35M 91F 37F 49F 41M 61F 92M 34F 63F 53M 55F 74M 40F 82M 78F 50F 24M 38M 75M 84F 64M 73F 70F 48M 54F 15 46F 34F 78F 35M 82M 63F 61F 50F 53M 64M 55F 41M 91F 71M 45F 43F 92M 85F 57F 75M 84F 51M 49F 59F 37F 73F 16 72F 35M 37F 91F 49F 92M 78F 75M 84F 34F 63F 53M 48M 64M 55F 41M 45F 86F 24M 38M 39F 43F 47M 70F 82M 59F 17 77F 34F 78F 91F 45F 35M 43F 82M 63F 59F 85F 61F 71M 50F 75M 84F 53M 64M 49F 55F 52M 41M 37F 73F 39F 92M 18 49F 54F 73F 25F 89F 72F 36M 61F 71M 52M 34F 57F 60F 51M 35M 40F 77F 46F 56M 76M 78F 23M 59F 63F 74M 43F 19 60F 75M 84F 92M 63F 53M 48M 35M 55F 91F 37F 78F 61F 86F 49F 39F 64M 47M 73F 40F 54F 76M 45F 85F 34F 82M 20 55F 91F 36M 23M 43F 56M 73F 59F 76M 71M 46F 52M 60F 45F 89F 74M 25F 40F 72F 77F 54F 51M 70F 41M 49F 37F 21 70F 40F 89F 71M 73F 78F 52M 61F 36M 63F 45F 43F 35M 91F 82M 72F 25F 74M 23M 37F 59F 34F 57F 53M 64M 51M 22 84F 36M 71M 60F 73F 74M 51M 43F 89F 72F 59F 23M 41M 91F 56M 34F 35M 40F 77F 25F 54F 46F 52M 61F 57F 70F 23 39F 71M 40F 43F 89F 36M 73F 91F 74M 59F 23M 41M 45F 60F 51M 35M 82M 72F 52M 37F 61F 34F 77F 46F 49F 78F 24 57F 91F 48M 76M 23M 37F 56M 36M 45F 49F 43F 47M 73F 46F 74M 59F 24M 38M 75M 84F 40F 35M 70F 54F 86F 39F 25 44F 91F 43F 71M 34F 45F 35M 82M 73F 59F 78F 61F 89F 40F 41M 52M 63F 50F 36M 51M 60F 25F 49F 76M 23M 37F 26 50F 23M 36M 46F 48M 76M 73F 37F 56M 52M 47M 77F 91F 25F 54F 74M 59F 44F 40F 35M 72F 43F 89F 86F 39F 92M 27 86F 71M 73F 91F 43F 89F 40F 59F 36M 61F 34F 45F 60F 51M 35M 82M 72F 74M 41M 52M 23M 56M 78F 25F 76M 54F 28 85F 36M 74M 35M 23M 73F 37F 41M 91F 77F 40F 46F 56M 71M 59F 34F 43F 89F 51M 60F 72F 54F 61F 48M 92M 52M 29 58F 91F 40F 73F 35M 36M 71M 43F 89F 74M 41M 23M 37F 61F 34F 59F 45F 82M 51M 46F 52M 77F 72F 60F 56M 78F

A r ≤ -0,46 B r > -0,46 e ≤ -0,10 C r > -0,10 e ≤ 0,27 D r > 0,27 e ≤ 0,64 E r > 0,64

Rank Stu 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 1 91F 60F 74M 37F 61F 34F 50F 36M 89F 70F 35M 41M 23M 71M 73F 40F 49F 56M 76M 82M 59F 43F 45F -11,281 2 73F 23M 36M 57F 60F 51M 82M 25F 52M 56M 74M 45F 91F 77F 46F 76M 54F 61F 43F 72F 71M 89F 40F -10,668 3 40F 75M 84F 49F 60F 76M 78F 74M 50F 57F 43F 91F 53M 51M 46F 45F 77F 72F 82M 61F 71M 89F 73F -5,861 4 43F 76M 74M 85F 34F 89F 40F 49F 56M 25F 73F 50F 51M 36M 41M 23M 82M 52M 91F 60F 45F 71M 59F -4,692 5 89F 91F 76M 78F 85F 43F 46F 52M 25F 54F 74M 50F 77F 60F 45F 82M 61F 57F 51M 71M 73F 40F 72F -4,690 6 34F 58F 37F 85F 43F 39F 60F 70F 59F 71M 53M 92M 55F 82M 61F 50F 57F 64M 51M 41M 78F 63F 35M -4,236 7 61F 39F 75M 84F 72F 73F 54F 85F 71M 92M 64M 51M 55F 63F 89F 40F 34F 50F 57F 53M 35M 78F 82M -3,993 8 45F 61F 73F 47M 53M 60F 58F 25F 78F 40F 52M 75M 84F 76M 89F 49F 71M 59F 50F 85F 91F 43F 82M -2,915 9 37F 77F 46F 59F 63F 74M 53M 55F 36M 44F 75M 84F 47M 23M 92M 49F 86F 64M 35M 41M 24M 38M 48M -2,098 10 54F 55F 48M 52M 25F 73F 85F 61F 47M 89F 74M 86F 57F 92M 46F 77F 44F 56M 58F 70F 76M 39F 72F -1,916 11 63F 51M 49F 48M 41M 37F 39F 58F 85F 82M 61F 86F 50F 57F 35M 75M 84F 92M 34F 78F 53M 64M 55F -1,709 12 59F 38M 82M 70F 49F 72F 46F 76M 37F 74M 34F 91F 51M 41M 56M 45F 25F 71M 36M 60F 23M 52M 43F -1,483 13 78F 52M 41M 45F 71M 86F 39F 51M 58F 92M 35M 75M 84F 85F 61F 34F 50F 57F 55F 63F 82M 53M 64M -1,142 14 25F 45F 71M 43F 86F 89F 39F 51M 44F 77F 56M 76M 47M 23M 85F 59F 57F 46F 72F 58F 36M 60F 52M -0,480 15 46F 89F 39F 40F 70F 58F 86F 54F 52M 24M 38M 60F 25F 74M 48M 36M 47M 76M 72F 44F 23M 56M 77F 0,771 16 72F 85F 61F 50F 36M 58F 76M 23M 71M 40F 52M 73F 44F 56M 25F 57F 51M 54F 74M 46F 60F 77F 89F 1,001 17 77F 70F 58F 25F 76M 47M 89F 48M 40F 86F 57F 54F 51M 36M 24M 38M 60F 23M 56M 74M 72F 44F 46F 2,244 18 49F 91F 39F 64M 92M 55F 44F 41M 70F 58F 45F 48M 47M 82M 37F 85F 86F 50F 53M 24M 38M 75M 84F 2,555 19 60F 44F 24M 38M 70F 58F 89F 50F 46F 74M 77F 41M 56M 36M 43F 25F 52M 23M 71M 57F 72F 59F 51M 2,621 20 55F 47M 48M 61F 34F 82M 35M 44F 24M 38M 85F 50F 57F 39F 58F 78F 75M 84F 86F 92M 53M 64M 63F 2,727 21 70F 55F 75M 84F 46F 77F 60F 41M 76M 49F 48M 85F 50F 54F 44F 47M 92M 86F 56M 58F 24M 38M 39F 3,664 22 84F 45F 76M 37F 82M 50F 78F 44F 24M 38M 63F 92M 39F 64M 48M 55F 58F 49F 47M 85F 86F 53M 75M 4,348 23 39F 25F 63F 50F 57F 56M 76M 53M 64M 55F 54F 48M 44F 24M 38M 75M 84F 85F 47M 92M 70F 86F 58F 4,956 24 57F 92M 52M 77F 44F 41M 63F 25F 89F 82M 85F 61F 71M 34F 53M 55F 72F 58F 78F 60F 50F 64M 51M 5,603 25 44F 85F 57F 54F 53M 64M 74M 55F 72F 56M 75M 84F 70F 92M 39F 48M 58F 47M 46F 24M 38M 86F 77F 5,832 26 50F 24M 38M 75M 84F 60F 70F 63F 45F 61F 71M 34F 49F 64M 55F 41M 58F 78F 85F 57F 53M 51M 82M 5,845 27 86F 50F 57F 46F 77F 63F 37F 49F 70F 85F 53M 64M 55F 92M 48M 44F 24M 38M 75M 84F 39F 58F 47M 6,727 28 85F 44F 24M 38M 70F 63F 25F 76M 49F 57F 64M 55F 78F 45F 47M 82M 86F 50F 39F 53M 75M 84F 58F 6,953 29 58F 63F 76M 49F 54F 48M 25F 92M 50F 57F 53M 64M 55F 44F 24M 38M 75M 84F 70F 47M 85F 86F 39F 8,688

A r ≤ -0,46 B r > -0,46 e ≤ -0,10 C r > -0,10 e ≤ 0,27 D r > 0,27 e ≤ 0,64 E r > 0,64

22 This way, the following suggestions are made, which are submitted to the evaluation of ICMBio:

Current location Pair Male Female Ranking Male Female Destination 1 53 43 A RIOZOO ZOO SP ZOO BH 2 24 34 B LYMINGTON ZOO SP LYMINGTON 3 47 59 C ZOO SP ZOO SP ZOO SP 4 39 38 D ZOO SP ZOO SP ZOO SP 5 35 60 B ZOO SP ZOO SP ZOO SP 6 23 61 A ZOO SP ZOO SP ZOO SP 7 82 58 C RIOZOO ZOO SP ZOO SP 8 64 46 B CRAX RIOZOO CRAX 9 51 49 B RIOZOO RIOZOO RIOZOO 10 56 63 A RIOZOO CRAX RIOZOO 11 52 55 B RIOZOO RIOZOO RIOZOO 12 92 91 B APROAVES APROAVES APROAVES 13 94 37 ? L. PARQUE LYMINGTON ZOO BH 14 41 40 B L. PARQUE L. PARQUE L. PARQUE 15 36 25 D L. PARQUE L. PARQUE L. PARQUE 16 71 70 A AWWP AWWP AWWP 17 74 73 C AWWP AWWP AWWP 18 75 72 B AWWP AWWP AWWP 19 76 77 C AWWP AWWP AWWP 20 83 97 ? L. PARQUE L. PARQUE L. PARQUE 21 88 98 ? L. PARQUE L. PARQUE L. PARQUE

There are 4 females unpaired, which must be distributed on the following way: - Female 57 – Stay at Zoo SP - Female 89 – Stay at Zoo BH - Female 50 and Female 54 – Stay at RIOZOO, in the same aviary

We also suggest that the following birds, which were born at Loro Parque: Females 87, 90, 95 and 96, are transferred to Brazil, to be placed on an exhibition aviary in Jeremoabo, at the CEMAVE station, to be used on environmental education and awareness works by the CEMAVE´s team.

We are looking forward the official position of ICMBio before we submit this proposal to the holders and move forward with the necessary transfers.

Recommendations are to try to start breeding with all the pairs in the program. The breeding conditions of the birds that show no sign of breeding behaviour have to be improved.

Appendix I Location glossary

AL WABRA Al-Wabra Wildlife Preservation PO Box 44069, Doha, State Of Qatar

ANTWERP Zoo of Antwerp Royal Zool.Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, B-2018

APROAVES Criadouro Aproaves Areal, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

BAHIA B BAHIA, Brazil, South America, American Region

BARTELS H Mr. Henry Bartels (Deceased) 84 Cortlandt St., New York, New York, USA

BASEL Zoologischer Garten Basel P. O. Box, Ch-4011 Basel, Switzerland

BRAZIL BRAZIL, South America, American Region

BUSCH TAM Busch Gardens Tampa Bay 3605 Bougainvillea Ave., Tampa, Florida, USA, 33612

CHICAGOBR Chicago Zoological Society 3300 Golf Rd., Brookfield, Illinois, USA, 60513

CRAX CRAX-Sociedade de Pesquisa do Manejo Da Reproducao da Fauna Silvestre, Belo Horizonte, Mg, Brazil

FRANCE FRANCE, Continental Europe, European Region

GOVT UK Government of the United Kingdom United Kingdom

HORIZONTE Fundacao Zoo-Botan. de Belo Horizonte Av. Otacilio Negrão De Lima, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

JUAZEIRO ______

JURONG Jurong Birdpark, Singapore 2, Jurong Hill, Singapore, Singapore, 628925

KUAH L Lawrence Kuah 99 Rangoon Rd., Singapore, Singapore, 0821

LEEDS Harewood Bird Garden at Leeds Harewood House, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England (UK), LS17 9LQ

LOSANGELE Los Angeles Zoo & Botanical Gardens 5333 Zoo Dr., Los Angeles, California, USA, 90027

LYMIFOUND Lymington Foundacion Caixa Postal 50 - Palmeiras, Juquitiba, Sao Paulo, Brazil

MIAMI PJ Parrot Jungle Island 1111 Parrot Jungle Trail, Miami, Florida, USA, 33132

MULHOUSE Mulhouse Zoo Parc Zoologique Et Botanique, Mulhouse, Haut-rhin, France, F-68100

PARIS ZOO Parc Zoologique de Paris (MNHN) 53, avenue de Saint Maurice, Paris, France, F-75012

PFB ______

PUC PASSO ______

RIOJANEIR Jardim Zoologico da Rio de Janeiro Parque daQuinta da Boa Vista s/n, Rio De Janerio Cep, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 20940-040

RJ PRIVAT ______

RJ-UNK ______

RONDONIA RONDONIA, Brazil, South America, American Region

SANDIEGOZ San Diego Zoo PO Box 120551, San Diego, California, USA, 92112-0551

SAO PAULO Fundacao Parque Zoologico de São Paulo Av. Miguel Stéfano 4241, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

SISSEN H Harry Sissen Cornhill Farm, East Cowton, Near No, North Yorkshire, England (UK)

TENERIFE Loro Parque Zoo Avda. Loro Parque s/n, Puerto De La Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, E-38400

ZURICH Zoo Zürich Zürichbergstr. 221, Zürich, Switzerland, CH-8044

Appendix II Living population per institute during 2009 LEAR´S MACAW Studbook Page 1 of 7 (Anodorhynchus leari )

70 F ???? WILD WILD BAHIA B ???? NONE Capture UNKNOWN ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 1998 ______Ownership AL WABRA ~ 1998 586 Loan to

71 M ???? WILD WILD BAHIA B ???? NONE Capture UNKNOWN ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 1998 ______Ownership AL WABRA ~ 1998 587 Loan to

72 F ???? WILD WILD BAHIA B ???? NONE Capture UNKNOWN ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 1998 ______Ownership AL WABRA ~ 1998 588 Loan to

73 F ???? WILD WILD BAHIA B ???? NONE Capture UNKNOWN ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 1998 ______Ownership AL WABRA ~ 1998 589 Loan to

75 M ???? WILD WILD BAHIA B ???? NONE Capture UNKNOWN ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 1998 ______Ownership AL WABRA ~ 1998 591 Loan to

76 M ???? WILD WILD BAHIA B ???? NONE Capture UNKNOWN ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 1998 ______Ownership AL WABRA ~ 1998 592 Loan to

77 F ???? WILD WILD BAHIA B ???? NONE Capture UNKNOWN ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 1998 ______Ownership AL WABRA ~ 1998 593 Loan to

78 F 14 Jul 2006 75 72 AL WABRA 14 Jul 2006 6491 Hatch IBAMA 14 Jul 2006 ______Ownership

84 F 11 Jun 2007 75 72 AL WABRA 11 Jun 2007 7199 Hatch IBAMA 11 Jun 2007 ______Ownership

85 F 14 Jun 2007 75 72 AL WABRA 14 Jun 2007 7207 Hatch IBAMA 14 Jun 2007 ______Ownership

86 F 26 Jun 2007 75 72 AL WABRA 26 Jun 2007 7235 Hatch IBAMA 26 Jun 2007 ______Ownership

93 F 17 May 2008 75 72 AL WABRA 17 May 2008 7814 Hatch IBAMA 17 May 2008 ______Ownership

Totals: 3.9.0 (12) ------

Appendix II Living population per institute during 2009 LEAR´S MACAW Studbook Page 2 of 7 (Anodorhynchus leari )

91 F ???? WILD WILD BRAZIL ~ 2007 NONE Capture UNKNOWN ~ 2007 ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 2007 ______Ownership APROAVES ~ Dec 2007 ______Loan to

92 M ???? WILD WILD BRAZIL ~ 2007 NONE Capture UNKNOWN ~ 2007 ______Transfer IBAMA ~ 2007 ______Ownership APROAVES ~ Dec 2007 ______Loan to

Totals: 1.1.0 (2) ------

97 F 29 Jun 1984 52376 UNK1 BUSCH TAM 29 Jun 1984 52377 Hatch IBAMA 29 Jun 1984 ______Ownership TENERIFE 30 Aug 2009 22160 Loan to

98 F 24 Sep 1984 52376 UNK1 BUSCH TAM 24 Sep 1984 52378 Hatch IBAMA 24 Sep 1984 ______Ownership TENERIFE 30 Aug 2009 22161 Loan to

Totals: 0.2.0 (2) ------

63 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~15 Feb 2005 ______Ownership CRAX 16 Feb 2005 ______Loan to

64 M ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~15 Feb 2005 ______Ownership CRAX 16 Feb 2005 ______Loan to

Totals: 1.1.0 (2) ------

Appendix II Living population per institute during 2009 LEAR´S MACAW Studbook Page 3 of 7 (Anodorhynchus leari )

89 F ???? WILD WILD BRAZIL ???? NONE Capture PRIVATE ???? ______Transfer IBAMA 20 Aug 2007 ______Ownership HORIZONTE 21 Aug 2007 AV0301 Transfer

Totals: 0.1.0 (1) ------

79 M ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture GOVT UK ~ 1988 ______Transfer LEEDS ~ 2000 ______Loan to IBAMA ~ Jan 2006 ______Ownership

80 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture GOVT UK ~ 1988 ______Transfer LEEDS ~ 2000 ______Loan to IBAMA ~ Jan 2006 ______Ownership

81 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture GOVT UK ~ 1988 ______Transfer LEEDS ~ 2000 ______Loan to IBAMA ~ Jan 2006 ______Ownership

Totals: 1.2.0 (3) ------

24 M ~ 1995 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1995 NONE Capture KUAH L ~ 1996 ______Transfer JURONG ~ 1996 ______Transfer IBAMA 22 Mar 2001 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 23 Mar 2001 26513 Loan to LYMIFOUND 3 Jun 2005 ______Loan to

37 F ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RONDONIA ~ 1997 ______Transfer IBAMA 29 May 1998 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 30 May 1998 25760 Loan to LYMIFOUND 3 Jun 2005 ______Loan to

Totals: 1.1.0 (2) ------

Appendix II Living population per institute during 2009 LEAR´S MACAW Studbook Page 4 of 7 (Anodorhynchus leari )

46 F ~ 1999 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ Jun 2000 NONE Capture JUAZEIRO ~ Jul 2000 ______Transfer IBAMA 20 Jul 2000 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 21 Jul 2000 10855 Loan to

49 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~23 Oct 2001 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 24 Oct 2001 11480 Loan to

50 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~19 Dec 2001 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 20 Dec 2001 11735 Loan to

51 M ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~14 Feb 2002 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 15 Feb 2002 11762 Loan to

52 M ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~11 Nov 1999 ______Ownership PUC PASSO 12 Nov 1999 ______Loan to RIOJANEIR 15 Oct 2002 11909 Loan to

53 M ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~11 Nov 1999 ______Ownership PUC PASSO 12 Nov 1999 ______Loan to RIOJANEIR 15 Oct 2002 11910 Loan to

54 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~11 Nov 1999 ______Ownership PUC PASSO 12 Nov 1999 ______Loan to RIOJANEIR 15 Oct 2002 11911 Loan to

55 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~11 Nov 1999 ______Ownership PUC PASSO 12 Nov 1999 ______Loan to RIOJANEIR 15 Oct 2002 11912 Loan to

56 M ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~18 May 2003 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 19 May 2003 12066 Loan to

82 M ~2001 +/-1yr WILD WILD BRAZIL ???? NONE Capture PRIVATE ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~22 Feb 2006 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 23 Feb 2006 ______Loan to

Totals: 5.5.0 (10) ------

Appendix II Living population per institute during 2009 LEAR´S MACAW Studbook Page 5 of 7 (Anodorhynchus leari )

23 M ~ 1993 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1995 NONE Capture RJ-UNK ~ 1995 ______Transfer FRANCE ~ Jun 1996 ______Transfer IBAMA ~15 Jul 1996 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 15 Jul 1996 22831 Loan to

34 F ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RONDONIA ~ 1998 ______Transfer IBAMA 29 May 1998 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 30 May 1998 25763 Loan to

35 M ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RONDONIA ~ 1998 ______Transfer IBAMA 29 May 1998 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 30 May 1998 25762 Loan to

38 M ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RONDONIA ~ 1998 ______Transfer IBAMA 29 May 1998 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 30 May 1998 25764 Loan to

39 F ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RONDONIA ~ 1998 ______Transfer IBAMA 29 May 1998 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 30 May 1998 25765 Loan to

43 F ~ 1995 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1995 NONE Capture IBAMA 25 Jul 1999 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 26 Jul 1999 25758 Loan to

47 M ~ 1999 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ Jul 2000 NONE Capture JUAZEIRO ~ Jul 2000 ______Transfer IBAMA 20 Jul 2000 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 21 Jul 2000 10854 Loan to LYMIFOUND 27 Oct 2005 ______Loan to SAO PAULO 22 Dec 2006 ______Loan to

57 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture PFB ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~23 May 2004 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 24 May 2004 28516 Loan to LYMIFOUND 3 Jun 2005 ______Loan to SAO PAULO 3 Jun 2006 28516 Loan to

58 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture PFB ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~23 May 2004 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 24 May 2004 28517 Loan to

59 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture PFB ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~23 May 2004 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 24 May 2004 28518 Loan to LYMIFOUND 3 Jun 2005 ______Loan to SAO PAULO 22 Dec 2006 28518 Loan to

Appendix II Living population per institute during 2009 LEAR´S MACAW Studbook Page 6 of 7 (Anodorhynchus leari )

60 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture PFB ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~23 May 2004 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 24 May 2004 28519 Loan to LYMIFOUND 3 Jun 2005 ______Loan to SAO PAULO 22 Dec 2006 28519 Loan to

61 F ???? WILD WILD UNKNOWN ???? NONE Capture PFB ???? ______Transfer IBAMA ~23 May 2004 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 24 May 2004 28520 Loan to

Totals: 4.8.0 (12) ------

25 F ~ 1995 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1995 NONE Capture KUAH L ~ 1996 ______Transfer JURONG ~ 1996 ______Transfer IBAMA 22 Mar 2001 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 23 Mar 2001 26514 Loan to TENERIFE 5 Nov 2006 18482 Loan to

36 M ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RONDONIA ~ 1997 ______Transfer IBAMA 29 May 1998 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 30 May 1998 25761 Loan to TENERIFE 5 Nov 2006 18483 Loan to

40 F ~ 1995 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1995 NONE Capture RONDONIA ~ 1997 ______Transfer IBAMA 29 May 1998 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 30 May 1998 25767 Loan to TENERIFE 5 Nov 2006 18484 Loan to

41 M ~ 1995 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1995 NONE Capture RONDONIA ~ 1997 ______Transfer IBAMA 29 May 1998 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 30 May 1998 25766 Loan to TENERIFE 5 Nov 2006 18485 Loan to

83 M 14 May 2007 36 25 TENERIFE 14 May 2007 19114 Hatch IBAMA 14 May 2007 ______Ownership

87 F 16 Jul 2007 36 25 TENERIFE 16 Jul 2007 19481 Hatch IBAMA 16 Jul 2007 ______Ownership

88 M 23 Jul 2007 36 25 TENERIFE 23 Jul 2007 19518 Hatch IBAMA 23 Jul 2007 ______Ownership

90 F 28 Apr 2008 36 25 TENERIFE 28 Apr 2008 20260 Hatch IBAMA 28 Apr 2008 ______Ownership

Appendix II Living population per institute during 2009 LEAR´S MACAW Studbook Page 7 of 7 (Anodorhynchus leari )

94 M 10 Jul 2008 36 25 TENERIFE 10 Jul 2008 20706 Hatch IBAMA 10 Jul 2008 ______Ownership

95 F 10 Jul 2008 41 40 TENERIFE 10 Jul 2008 20699 Hatch IBAMA 10 Jul 2008 ______Ownership

96 F 12 Jul 2008 41 40 TENERIFE 12 Jul 2008 20700 Hatch IBAMA 12 Jul 2008 ______Ownership

97 F 29 Jun 1984 52376 UNK1 BUSCH TAM 29 Jun 1984 52377 Hatch IBAMA 29 Jun 1984 ______Ownership TENERIFE 30 Aug 2009 22160 Loan to

98 F 24 Sep 1984 52376 UNK1 BUSCH TAM 24 Sep 1984 52378 Hatch IBAMA 24 Sep 1984 ______Ownership TENERIFE 30 Aug 2009 22161 Loan to

99 F 7 Jul 2009 36 25 TENERIFE 7 Jul 2009 21958 Hatch IBAMA 7 Jul 2009 ______Ownership

100 F 10 Jul 2009 41 40 TENERIFE 10 Jul 2009 22031 Hatch IBAMA 10 Jul 2009 ______Ownership

101 M 11 Jul 2009 41 40 TENERIFE 11 Jul 2009 22032 Hatch IBAMA 11 Jul 2009 ______Ownership

102 M 12 Jul 2009 36 25 TENERIFE 12 Jul 2009 21957 Hatch IBAMA 12 Jul 2009 ______Ownership

Totals: 7.10.0 (17) ------

99 F 7 Jul 2009 36 25 TENERIFE 7 Jul 2009 21958 Hatch IBAMA 7 Jul 2009 ______Ownership

100 F 10 Jul 2009 41 40 TENERIFE 10 Jul 2009 22031 Hatch IBAMA 10 Jul 2009 ______Ownership

101 M 11 Jul 2009 41 40 TENERIFE 11 Jul 2009 22032 Hatch IBAMA 11 Jul 2009 ______Ownership

102 M 12 Jul 2009 36 25 TENERIFE 12 Jul 2009 21957 Hatch IBAMA 12 Jul 2009 ______Ownership ======TOTALS: 2.2.0 (4)

======TOTALS: 0.0.0 (0)

97 F 29 Jun 1984 52376 UNK1 BUSCH TAM 29 Jun 1984 52377 Hatch IBAMA 29 Jun 1984 ______Ownership TENERIFE 30 Aug 2009 22160 Loan to

98 F 24 Sep 1984 52376 UNK1 BUSCH TAM 24 Sep 1984 52378 Hatch IBAMA 24 Sep 1984 ______Ownership TENERIFE 30 Aug 2009 22161 Loan to

======TOTALS: 0.2.0 (2)

23 M ~ 1993 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1995 NONE Capture RJ-UNK ~ 1995 ______Transfer FRANCE ~ Jun 1996 ______Transfer IBAMA ~15 Jul 1996 ______Ownership SAO PAULO 15 Jul 1996 22831 Loan to

30 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RJ PRIVAT ~ 1998 ______Transfer IBAMA 22 Sep 1999 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 23 Sep 1999 ______Loan to RJ PRIVAT ~ Apr 2001 ______ltf Transfer

31 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RJ PRIVAT ~ 1998 ______Transfer IBAMA 22 Sep 1999 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 22 Sep 1999 10423 Loan to RJ PRIVAT ~ Apr 2001 ______ltf Transfer

32 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RJ PRIVAT ~ 1998 ______Transfer IBAMA 22 Sep 1999 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 22 Sep 1999 10424 Loan to RJ PRIVAT ~ Apr 2001 ______ltf Transfer

33 ? ~ 1997 WILD WILD BAHIA B ~ 1997 NONE Capture RJ PRIVAT ~ 1998 ______Transfer IBAMA 22 Sep 1999 ______Ownership RIOJANEIR 22 Sep 1999 10425 Loan to RJ PRIVAT ~ Apr 2001 ______ltf Transfer