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Update on High Energy Density Science at LLNL Update on High Energy Density Science at LLNL Fusion Power Associates 2019 Mark C Herrmann National Ignition Facility Director Program Director for NIF Integration Thanks to Rulon LinforD, John EDwarDs, Warren Hsing, Kevin Fournier, Derrick Lassle, Doug Larson, Bruno Van Wonterghem anD the entire NIF team December 3, 2019 LLNL-PRES-XXXXXX This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC Scientists have more reasons than ever to understand matter at extreme conditions Planetary Science New Materials? Radiation Plasma Astrophysics Hydrodynamics Rocky Silicate Mantle Iron/Nickel Core Laboratory Fusion Nuclear Physics Stockpile Stewardship Potential for Inertial Fusion Energy 2 2018-00055.ppt – Larson – ERC – December 6, 2018 The increased interest in HED science can also be seen in the world wide growth of publications HED articles in high impact factor journals Impact factor > 10, e.g. Nature, Science, etc., Courtesy of Rulon Lindford ) 3 2018-00055.ppt – Larson – ERC – December 6, 2018 Progress and Plans for Polar-Direct-Drive InertialThe US has Con 4 worldfnement leading capabilitiesFusion from for studying OMEGA matter at extremeto conditions the National Ignition Facility National Ignition Omega Laser Facility ZR Pulsed Power Facility Facility Cryogenic DTU. implosions Rochester on OMEGA Sandia LLNL … and LPI/symmetry on the NIF Linear Coherent Light These investments all Source SLAC came online in the 2007- 2009 timeframe The rest of the world has NIF Town Hall significantly accelerated 56th Annual Meeting of the investment in this area American Physical Society T. C. Sangster Division of Plasma Physics 4 University of2018 Rochester-00055.ppt – Larson – ERC – December 6, 2018 New Orleans, LA Laboratory for Laser Energetics 27–31 October 2014 NIF recently celebrated its 10th anniversary of operations and has conducted 2800+ target experiments to date (~2000 since FY15) Program distribution of NIF shots FY15-FY19 DISTRIBUTION OF NIF USERS FY15-FY19 Inertial Confinement Facility, 208 Facility Fusion, 601 University, University 211 DOD DOD, 166 AWE LLNL U of R LLE SNL LANL High Energy Density Science, 787 • HED Science needs for the Stockpile Stewardship Program will keep NIF, Omega, and Z busy for the next 10 years • 2020 review by NNSA and by the JASONs will help provide guidance for next steps in pursuit of fusion ignition 5 2018-00055.ppt – Larson – ERC – December 6, 2018 Experiments on NIF have lead to over 800 publications, many in some of the most prestigious journals LETTERS https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0331-5 Enhanced energy coupling for indirectly driven inertial confinement fusion Y. Ping" "1*, V. A. Smalyuk1, P. Amendt1, R. Tommasini1, J. E. Field1, S. Khan1, D. Bennett1, E. Dewald1, F. Graziani1, S. Johnson1, O. L. Landen1, A. G. MacPhee1, A. Nikroo1, J. Pino1, S. Prisbrey1, J. Ralph1, R. Seugling1, D. Strozzi1, R. E. Tipton1, Y. M. Wang" "1, E. Loomis2, E. Merritt2 and D. Montgomery2 Recent experiments in the study of inertial confinement fusion Efficient energy coupling would benefit both the mainline cen- (ICF) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the United tral-hot-spot (CHS) approach, where a hot spot initiates the thermo- States have reached the so-called alpha-heating regime1–3, in nuclear burn, and a complementary scheme for volumetric ignition which the self-heating by fusion products becomes dominant, using double-shell (DS) capsules11. In the latter, a high-Z inner shell with neutron yields now exceeding 1!× !1016 (ref. 4) However, is added to provide high inertial confinement and efficient radia- there are still challenges on the path towards ignition, such tion trapping. The DS approach generally provides less gain than as minimization of the drive asymmetry, suppression of laser- CHS due to less fuel mass, yet it has potential benefits such as a plasmaRESEARCH instabilities, and mitigation of fabrication features5. low ignition threshold (4–5 keV versus 10–12 keV in CHS), relaxed In addition, in the current cylindrical-hohlraum indirect drive requirements on symmetry, and non-cryogenic fielding11,12. The schemes for ICF, a strong limitation is the inefficient (≤ 10%) ignition threshold isthe lower choice than of exchange-co the CHS approachrrelation functional because of the HIGH-PRESSURE PHYSICS 11 absorption of the laser-produced hohlraum X-rays by the cap- large reduction in radiationused and loss whether, which zero-point is one energy of isthe accounted major energy sule as set by relative capsule-to-hohlraum surface areas. losses in the hot spotfor2. Elements (1, 16). Quantum of the Monte DS concept Carlo (QMC) have calcu- been suc- Here Insulator-metalwe report an experiment demonstrating transition ~30% energy in densecessfully tested usinglations low-Z should inner provide shells improvedat the OMEGA bounds on and the NOVA coupling to an aluminium capsule in a rugby-shaped6, gold laser facilities13–16. In transitioncontrast to pressures the single-shell (16, 17), although approach, they dis-where the hohlraum. This high coupling efficiency can substantially agree with a recent benchmarking experiment fluid deuterium laser drive generates (successively30). Transition stronger pressures forshocks, hydrogen the and DS deu- approach increase the tolerance to residual imperfections and improve uses a shorter reverse-rampterium are pulse expected shape to befor different impulsively because driving of the the prospectsPeter M. Celliers for ignition,1*, Marius both Millot in1, Stephaniemainline Brygoosingle-shell2, R. Stewart hot- McWilliamsouter shell,3, thus minimizingisotope effects, the adverse but with effects a small of relative hohlraum magni- plasma spot designsDayne E. Fratanduonoand potential1, J. double-shell Ryan Rygg1,4, targets. Alexander F. Goncharov5, Paulfilling Loubeyre on late-time2, lasertude. propagation The transition17. in deuterium from QMC ReproducingJon H. Eggert the1, J.fusion Luc Petersonpower source1, Nathan for B.the Meezan Sun in1, a Sebastien laboratory Le Pape1,The NIF18 experimentsimulations for isdemonstrating 30 GPa higher than high in hydrogencoupling used 1,4 6 7 on theGilbert Earth W.has Collins long been, Raymond a cherished Jeanloz scientific, Russell goal J. due Hemley to its near a large Al capsule inat a 600Au K,rugby decreasing hohlraum to 10 GPa driven higher at at 12001 MJ Kof laser (16). Despite experimental support for a first- limitless energy potential. Since the idea of using high-power lasers energy with a reverse-ramporder IM transitionpulse shape (19, 20 as, 22 in, 23 the), the DS critical approach. PHYSICS OF PLASMAS 25, 092708 (2018) Dense fluid metallic hydrogen occupies the interiors of Jupiter, Saturn, and many to createextrasolar fusion planets, conditions where in pressures the laboratory reach millions was offirst atmospheres. published PlanetaryA single-shell structure target pointwas used has not in beenthis experimentallyexperiment since identified. it is suffi- 7 in 1972models, much must progress describe has accurately been made the transition to understand from the the outer inher molecular- cient envelopes for the to study the ofFurthermore, the hohlraum-to-capsule the broad discrepancies coupling in the mea- in a DS Probing the seeding of hydrodynamic instabilities from nonuniformities ent challenges,interior metallic particularly regions. the We reportdegrading optical effects measurements of hydrodynamic of dynamically configuration. compressed Typicallysured ICF transition targets pressure employ (20, 22 ,a23 low-Z)andcharacter capsule (Be, in ablator materials using 2D velocimetry instabilitiesfluid deuterium and drive to 600asymmetries. gigapascals Successively (GPa) that reveal larger an lasers increasing have refractiveCH or index, high-density the ( 20carbon–23) have (HDC)) made resolving mainly the for differences a high be- ablation 1,a) 1 1 2 2 1 onset of absorption of visible light near 150 GPa, and a transition to metal-like9 reflectivity tween the theoretical models challenging. S. J. Ali, P. M . Celliers, S. Haan, T. R. Boehly, N. Whiting, S. H. Baxamusa, been constructed over the past decades to drive ever larger targets rate . However, these materialsWe completed are anot series sufficiently of five dynamic opaque com- to pre- H. Reynolds,3 M. A. Johnson,1 J. D. Hughes,1,b) B. Watson,3 H. Huang,3 J. Biener,1 (exceeding 30%) near 200 GPa, all at temperatures below 2000 kelvin. Our measurements 3 1 1 that areand predicted analysis address to be more existing robust discrepancies to all sources between of implosion static and deg dynamic- vent experiments preheat forwhich raisespression the experiments fuel entropy, at the thus National a higher-Z Ignition dopant K. Engelhorn, V. A. Smalyuk, and O. L. Landen Downloaded from 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA radation.the insulator-metalThe minimum transition laser energy in dense required fluid hydrogen for ignition isotopes. scales They as alsoshielding provide newlayer is required.Facility (NIF)The topure probe Al the ablator IM transition in our up target to dif- 2 −11.8 −−6 08. 8,9 600 GPa at temperatures ranging from 900 K to Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623, Evign ~benchmarksηα impP fora the (refs theoretical ), where calculations η is the hohlraum-to-capsule used to construct
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