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Download Issue ISSN 2056-5135 JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications Volume 61, Issue 1, January 2017 Published by Johnson Matthey www.technology.matthey.com © Copyright 2017 Johnson Matthey Johnson Matthey Technology Review is published by Johnson Matthey Plc. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You may share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. You must give appropriate credit to the author and publisher. You may not use the material for commercial purposes without prior permission. You may not distribute modifi ed material without prior permission. The rights of users under exceptions and limitations, such as fair use and fair dealing, are not affected by the CC licenses. www.technology.matthey.com JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW www.technology.matthey.com Johnson Matthey’s international journal of research exploring science and technology in industrial applications Contents Volume 61, Issue 1, January 2017 2 Guest Editorial: The Business of Sustainability By Neil Carson 3 Guest Editorial: Health Technologies at Johnson Matthey By John F. X. Morley and Nicholas Johnson 5 Molybdenum/Bismuth Based Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts for Selective Propylene Oxidation and Zeolite Membrane Protected Palladium/Alumina Catalysts for Selective Carbon Monoxide Oxidation and Application in a Process Loop Using a Propane Feed By Maria Rivas Velazco, William McDonnell and Andrew W. J. Smith 16 Iridium Coating: Processes, Properties and Application. Part I By Wang-ping Wu and Zhao-feng Chen 29 World Hydrogen Energy Conference 2016 A conference review by David Wails 32 Health Impact Analysis of Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Oxaliplatin By Matthew Taylor and Alex Filby 40 Electron Physical Science Imaging Centre Launch Event A conference review by Dan Carter 43 “Surgical Tools and Medical Devices” 2nd Edition A book review by Alexander Hoppe 47 Durability and Degradation Issues in PEM Electrolysis Cells and its Components A conference review by Emily Price 52 Platinum Group Metal Compounds in Cancer Chemotherapy By Christopher Barnard 60 “Assessing and Measuring Environmental Impacts in Engineering” A book review by Julia Rowe 63 Johnson Matthey Highlights 66 Nitinol for Medical Applications: A Brief Introduction to the Properties and Processing of Nickel Titanium Shape Memory Alloys and their Use in Stents By Deepak Kapoor http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/205651317X693642 Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2017, 61, (1), 2 JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW www.technology.matthey.com Guest Editorial The Business of Sustainability Johnson Matthey Plc, along with many similar companies direction, and this is where business can be motivated and institutions, have found that sustainability can and to step in. Good businesses know that they want to be should form the basis for their business of the future. fi rst to market with these solutions. The funding required These companies are setting aggressive targets for will not be insignifi cant, but the business drivers are in reducing the resources consumed in producing a unit of place and the benefi ts to the successful company will product, and fi nding these targets achievable when the be substantial. The early engagement of customers is whole workforce is engaged in addressing the issues. an essential, but sometimes overlooked, step in this It starts with simple resource effi ciency: turning items process. A good business puts its scientists close to its off when not in use, conserving energy and heat, and customers and provides the resources and direction for reducing waste to landfi ll. Then it moves into designing the science. new products that perform just as well as (or indeed better When employees and customers are all engaged in than) the ones they replace, but need less resources to sustainability at work, a partnership between business produce: production effi ciency. Waste products from a and government can then deliver the necessary fi scal or particular process become the raw materials for another regulatory action to drive the process further. process. The near term target is not zero consumption, Feeding 9 billion people (2) whilst reducing but experience shows us that it can be much nearer to dependence on non-renewable resources sounds zero than anyone contemplated (1). an impossible task. But I believe that science, and in The pure business motivation for a sustainability effort particular chemistry, has the potential to achieve such is therefore cost control. Using less resource to make a feat. I believe that we do have time, as long as we the same product saves money. But experience tells get on with addressing the problems and start to take us that this is not the biggest benefi t to a sustainability meaningful action now. Think of what we have achieved initiative. The biggest benefi t is that sustainability has in our lifetimes, and how much more can be achieved in the potential to engage and motivate every employee, the next ten or twenty years dedicated to the task. to harvest ideas and changing behaviours, and to give It starts with business and sustainability is good employees another reason to value their work for the business. company. Everyone agrees that this activity is helping NEIL CARSON, OBE the planet and is what the responsible company should Honorary President, SCI, London, UK be doing, and success makes employees proud of the company they work for. Fundamental Role of Science References 1. “2016 Annual Report & Accounts: Sustainable Science, of course, has a fundamental role in this Technologies for Today and for the Future”, Johnson process. It is scientists that can fi nd the solutions to Matthey Plc, London, UK, 2016, p. 25 the big questions by using innovation to redesign 2. UN News Centre, ‘World Population Projected to Reach existing products and processes, as well as bringing to 9.6 Billion by 2050 – UN Report’, 13th June, 2013: http:// market novel solutions that utilise resources in a much www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45165#. more effi cient manner. But science needs funding and WBdbrRvcuUl (Accessed on 31st October 2016) 2 © 2017 Johnson Matthey http://dx.doi.org/10.1595/205651317X694317 Johnson Matthey Technol. Rev., 2017, 61, (1), 3–4 JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW www.technology.matthey.com Guest Editorial Health Technologies at Johnson Matthey In celebration of the 2017 year of “Sustainability” we A second area where pgms are performing a critical here present the fi rst of a series of Themed issues, role is within devices used to treat the cardiovascular this one focusing on the role of products and services, condition of atrial fi brillation (AF) where disordered including many supplied by Johnson Matthey Plc, on electrical signals in the heart lead to poor blood human health. fl ow. These radiofrequency ablation catheters take advantage of the electrical, biocompatible and Innovation and Long Term Value in Healthcare radiopaque features unique to platinum alloys to improve patient quality of life, without the need for With life expectancy on the rise and rapid urbanisation long term pharmaceutical use. taking place in the developing world the prevalence of One of the most exciting emergent uses of pgms in chronic, non-communicable disease (NCD) such as medical devices is their application in neurostimulation cardiovascular disease and diabetes has grown as devices. Many systems within the human body, a major societal cost. Once thought to be a malady including the central and peripheral nervous systems, primarily of the industrialised world, changing diets and are regulated via the transmission of electrical signals lifestyles have led to a disproportionate increase in NCD through and between the brain and the rest of the body. prevalence in developing economies. Innovative neurostimulation devices take advantage As costs rise, provider systems are looking to the of pgm-based electrode arrays to make the critical benefits of delivering therapy with the help of single use connection between implantable pulse generators and devices that often have greater one-time payments, but parts of the body including the deep brain and the spinal are able to reduce the overall price of treating a chronic cord. disease. In a surprising twist, many of the medical devices Peripheral arterial disease is a growing problem in being developed to treat NCD in the most cost-effective which normal blood fl ow is impaired due to narrowing manner have incorporated platinum and platinum of the artery. It often affects the lower limbs and is group metals (pgm) selected over alternate lower- associated with the growth in incidence of diabetes, high cost materials because of their unique combination of blood pressure and obesity worldwide. Endovascular chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Another treatment for this condition via stenting restores blood surprising material is the alloy known as Nitinol, a nickel fl ow through the affected artery. Due to its fl exibility and titanium alloy with shape memory properties that make crush resistance, Nitinol is used to make self-expanding it uniquely suitable for medical applications. stents for such applications. Stroke is the world’s second leading cause of death As society is looking towards exerting greater control behind heart disease, and is the leading preventable over rising health costs, while at the same time delivering cause of disability. Platinum is at the heart of devices high quality care, a shift towards the use of medical that are being used by neurovascular surgeons to devices for the treatment of NCD is gaining favour. radically improve outcomes for patients either through Because of the unique properties of materials like pgm the revascularisation of a diseased vessel (ischemic and Nitinol, they have become central components in stroke) or by preventing the rupture of weakened blood many of the devices being introduced to treat these vessels (haemorrhagic stroke).
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