NO. 4⏐ DEC 2005⏐ ENGLISH VERSION Nuclear Energy and Proliferation Nuclear Issues Paper No. 4 BY OTFRIED NASSAUER Contents 3 Introduction 5 Civilian nuclear installations 8 Proliferation risks 17 Instruments to control and contain proliferation 25 A world in search of energy 27 Additional information The Author Otfried Nassauer was born in 1956. He studied theology and founded the Berlin Infor- mation Center for Transatlantic Security (BITS), which he has directed since 1991. For over 20 years he has worked as an independent journalist in the fields of military and in- ternational security, writing about nuclear weapons, NATO policy, European security, military technology, weapons monitoring, arms trade, land mines, small arms and Ger- man security policy. He also provides commentary and expert opinion on security pol- icy and weapons monitoring for a number of television and radio stations. He has au- thored and edited numerous books. For more information on his publications, see www.bits.de. Nuclear Issues Papers, No. 4: Nuclear Energy and Proliferation By Otfried Nassauer © Heinrich Böll Foundation 2005 All rights reserved Co-published by The following paper does not necessarily represent the views of the Heinrich Böll Foundation. A publication of the Heinrich Böll Foundation Regional Office for Southern Africa, in co-operation with the Heinrich Böll Foundation headquarter. Contact: Heinrich Böll Foundation Regional Office for Southern Africa, PO Box 2472; Saxonwold, 2132; South Africa. Phone: +27-11-447 8500. Fax: +27-11-447 4418.
[email protected] Heinrich Böll Foundation, Rosenthaler Str. 40/41, 10178 Berlin, Germany. Tel.: ++49 30 285 340; Fax: ++49 30 285 34 109;
[email protected]; www.boell.de/nuclear Introduction Any civilian nuclear fuel cycle and especially some of the elements thereof confront the world with certain security-related risks.