Lepidoptera: Danainae: Ithomiini)
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North Andean Origin and Diversification of the Largest Ithomiine Butterfly Genus
North Andean origin and diversification of the largest ithomiine butterfly genus The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Lisa De-Silva, D., L. L. Mota, N. Chazot, R. Mallarino, K. L. Silva- Brandão, L. M. G. Piñerez, A. V. Freitas, et al. 2017. “North Andean origin and diversification of the largest ithomiine butterfly genus.” Scientific Reports 7 (1): 45966. doi:10.1038/srep45966. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep45966. Published Version doi:10.1038/srep45966 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32630680 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN North Andean origin and diversification of the largest ithomiine butterfly genus Received: 31 October 2016 Donna Lisa De-Silva1, Luísa L. Mota2, Nicolas Chazot1,3, Ricardo Mallarino4, Karina L. Silva- Accepted: 22 February 2017 Brandão5, Luz Miryam Gómez Piñerez6,7, André V.L. Freitas2, Gerardo Lamas8, Published: 07 April 2017 Mathieu Joron9, James Mallet4, Carlos E. Giraldo6,10, Sandra Uribe6, Tiina Särkinen11, Sandra Knapp12, Chris D. Jiggins13, Keith R. Willmott14 & Marianne Elias1 The Neotropics harbour the most diverse flora and fauna on Earth. The Andes are a major centre of diversification and source of diversity for adjacent areas in plants and vertebrates, but studies on insects remain scarce, even though they constitute the largest fraction of terrestrial biodiversity. -
INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) DE GUATEMALA CON UNA RESEÑA HISTÓRICA Towards a Synthesis of the Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Guatemala with a Historical Sketch
ZOOLOGÍA-TAXONOMÍA www.unal.edu.co/icn/publicaciones/caldasia.htm Caldasia 31(2):407-440. 2009 HACIA UNA SÍNTESIS DE LOS PAPILIONOIDEA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) DE GUATEMALA CON UNA RESEÑA HISTÓRICA Towards a synthesis of the Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) from Guatemala with a historical sketch JOSÉ LUIS SALINAS-GUTIÉRREZ El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, A. P. 424, C. P. 77900. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, México. [email protected] CLAUDIO MÉNDEZ Escuela de Biología, Universidad de San Carlos, Ciudad Universitaria, Campus Central USAC, Zona 12. Guatemala, Guatemala. [email protected] MERCEDES BARRIOS Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (CECON), Universidad de San Carlos, Avenida La Reforma 0-53, Zona 10, Guatemala, Guatemala. [email protected] CARMEN POZO El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR). Unidad Chetumal. Av. Centenario km. 5.5, A. P. 424, C. P. 77900. Chetumal, Quintana Roo, México, México. [email protected] JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS Museo de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Apartado Postal 70-399, México D.F. 04510; México. [email protected]. Autor responsable. RESUMEN La riqueza biológica de Mesoamérica es enorme. Dentro de esta gran área geográfi ca se encuentran algunos de los ecosistemas más diversos del planeta (selvas tropicales), así como varios de los principales centros de endemismo en el mundo (bosques nublados). Países como Guatemala, en esta gran área biogeográfi ca, tiene grandes zonas de bosque húmedo tropical y bosque mesófi lo, por esta razón es muy importante para analizar la diversidad en la región. Lamentablemente, la fauna de mariposas de Guatemala es poco conocida y por lo tanto, es necesario llevar a cabo un estudio y análisis de la composición y la diversidad de las mariposas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) en Guatemala. -
Morphology of Male and Female Genitalia Across Acraea (Nymphalidae) Butterfly Species with and Without a Mating Plug
Morphology of male and female genitalia across Acraea (Nymphalidae) butterfly species with and without a mating plug Shannon L. Summers, Akito Y. Kawahara, & Ana P. S. Carvalho University of Florida Faculty Mentor, Akito Kawahara, Florida Museum of Natural History Abstract Male mating plugs have been used in many species to prevent female re-mating and sperm competition. One of the most extreme examples of a mating plug is the sphragis, which is a large, complex and externalized plug found only in butterflies. This structure is found in many species in the genus Acraea (Nymphalidae) and provides an opportunity for investigation of the effects of the sphragis on the morphology of the genitalia. This study aims to understand morphological interspecific variation in the genitalia of Acraea butterflies. Using museum collection specimens, abdomen dissections were conducted on 19 species of Acraea: 9 sphragis-bearing and 10 non-sphragis-bearing species. Genitalia were photographed and then measured using ImageJ software. Some distinguishing morphological features in the females were found. The most obvious difference is the larger and more externalized copulatory opening in sphragis-bearing species, with varying degrees of external projections. Females of the sphragis-bearing species also tend to have a shorter ductus (the structure that connects the copulatory opening with the sperm storage organ) than those without the sphragis. These differences may be due to a sexually antagonistic coevolution between the males and females, where the females evolve larger copulatory openings that are more difficult to plug, while males attempt to prevent re-mating with larger plugs (sphragis). Keywords: Lepidoptera, mate conflict, mating plug, sexual coevolution Introduction Sexual conflict occurs when there are different selection pressures on males and females. -
Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae)
STUDIES ON THE ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF NEOTROPICAL ITHOMIINE BUTTERFLIES (NYMPHALIDAE: ITHOMIINAE) by GEORGE WILLIAM BECCALONI A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy ofthe University ofLondon October 1995 Biogeography and Conservation Laboratory Centre for Population Biology Department of Entomology Imperial College The Natural History Museum Silwood Park Cromwell Road Ascot London SW7 5BD Berkshire SL5 7PY 2 To my mother, Benjie & Judy in love and gratitude 3 ABSTRACT Two aspects ofthe ecology ofNeotropical ithomiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiinae) are discussed: mimicry (Chapters 2, 3) and species richness (Chapters 4, 5). Chapter 2 defines eight mimicry complexes involving ithomiines and other insects found in eastern Ecuador. These complexes are dominated by ithomiine individuals. Hypotheses to explain polymorphism in Batesian and Mullerian mimics are assessed. In Chapter 3, evidence that sympatric ithomiine-dominated mimicry complexes are segregated by microhabitat is reviewed. Data confirm that sympatric complexes are segregated vertically by flight height. Flight height is shown to be positively correlated with larval host-plant height. Host-plant partitioning between species in a butterfly community results in the formation of microhabitat guilds of species, and evidence suggests that mimicry may evolve between species which share a guild, but not between guilds. Models for the evolution of mimicry complexes in sympatry, and for polymorphism and dual sex-limited mimicry in Mullerian mimics, are discussed in the light of these findings. Chapter 4 investigates relationships between species richness offamilies and subfamilies ofNeotropical butterflies and overall butterfly species richness at local and regional scales. A strong positive correlation is demonstrated between ithomiine richness and the species richness of all other butterflies. -
The Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Tobago, West
INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0539 The butterfl ies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Tobago, West Indies: An updated and annotated checklist Matthew J.W. Cock CABI, Bakeham Lane Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY United Kingdom Date of Issue: April 28, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Matthew J.W. Cock The butterfl ies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Tobago, West Indies: An updated and annotated checklist Insecta Mundi 0539: 1–38 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B96122B2-6325-4D7F-A260-961BB086A2C5 Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e. medical entomology, pest control research, etc.), and no longer publishes book reviews or editorials. Insecta Mundi publishes original research or discoveries in an inexpensive and timely manner, distributing them free via open access on the internet on the date of publication. Insecta Mundi is referenced or abstracted by several sources including the Zoological Record, CAB Ab- stracts, etc. Insecta Mundi is published irregularly throughout the year, with completed manuscripts assigned an individual number. Manuscripts must be peer reviewed prior to submission, after which they are reviewed by the editorial board to ensure quality. One author of each submitted manuscript must be a current member of the Center for Systematic Entomology. -
Systematics and Taxonomy: Follow-Up
HOUSE OF LORDS Science and Technology Committee 5th Report of Session 2007–08 Systematics and Taxonomy: Follow-up Report with Evidence Ordered to be printed 21 July 2008 and published 13 August 2008 Published by the Authority of the House of Lords London : The Stationery Office Limited £price HL Paper 162 Science and Technology Committee The Science and Technology Committee is appointed by the House of Lords in each session “to consider science and technology”. Current Membership The Members of the Science and Technology Committee are: Lord Colwyn Lord Crickhowell Lord Haskel Lord Howie of Troon Lord Krebs Lord May of Oxford Lord Methuen Earl of Northesk Lord O’Neill of Clackmannan Lord Patel Earl of Selborne Lord Sutherland of Houndwood (Chairman) Lord Taverne Lord Warner Information about the Committee and Publications Information about the Science and Technology Committee, including details of current inquiries, can be found on the internet at http://www.parliament.uk/hlscience/. Committee publications, including reports, press notices, transcripts of evidence and government responses to reports, can be found at the same address. Committee reports are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. General Information General information about the House of Lords and its Committees, including guidance to witnesses, details of current inquiries and forthcoming meetings is on the internet at: http://www.parliament.uk/about_lords/about_lords.cfm. Contacts for the Science and Technology Committee All correspondence should be addressed to: The Clerk of the Science and Technology Committee Committee Office House of Lords London SW1A 0PW The telephone number for general enquiries is 020 7219 6075. -
April 2012, Issue 6
mcguire center news A newsletter of the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity n Florida Museum of Natural History n APRIL 2012 VOLUNTEER PROFILE: Jacqueline Kessler ____________________________ IN THIS ISSUE: n Volunteer Profiles How long have you been volunteering n at the Museum? Staff News I first volunteered last year. I chose to work there n Student News for my week-long eighth-grade internship. Then, over n Publications the summer, I worked in collections for the Junior Volunteer Program. FROM THE EDITOR: What made you start volunteering here? Volunteers play a vital role I have always been interested in science and have in many of the McGuire participated in several regional and state science fairs. Center’s research programs. Dr. Sourakov and Dr. Willmott invited me to work Every spring and fall, new with them on some very interesting projects, and I volunteers may interview for saw this as a great opportunity. positions to assist McGuire What do you do for the Museum? Center staff in the collections I worked in the butterfly collections. I pinned or laboratories. During the butterfly specimens from Ecuador, and arranged last two years, select students others into the display cases. I also helped with from area schools have also research on classification by preparing specimens been recruited to work in the for genetic analysis and creating detailed drawings collections as part of the Florida using a microscope. Museum’s Junior Volunteer What kind of training did you receive when you Program. These students help first started volunteering? researchers with their projects First, Dr. -
Immature Stages of Two Moneuptychia from Southeastern Brazil (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina)
100 TROP. LEPID. RES., 28(2): 100-105, 2018 FREITAS ET AL.: Immature stages of Moneuptychia Immature stages of two Moneuptychia from southeastern Brazil (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina) André V. L. Freitas1,2,3, Augusto H. Batista Rosa1,2, Junia Y. Oliveira Carreira1, Patrícia Eyng Gueratto1, Jessie Pereira Santos1 and André Tacioli1 1Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil 2Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil 3corresponding author - [email protected] Date of issue online: 17 December 2018 Electronic copies (ISSN 2575-9256) in PDF format at: http://journals.fcla.edu/troplep; https://zenodo.org; archived by the Institutional Repository at the University of Florida (IR@UF), http://ufdc.ufl.edu/ufir;DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.2224765 © The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Abstract: The present paper describes the immature stages of two species of Moneuptychia, namely Moneuptychia soter, the type species of the genus, and Moneuptychia vitellina. The immature stages of the two species are very similar; eggs are white and round, with longitudinal and transverse ribs; first instars are light green, turning light brown with longitudinal zigzag stripes in the last instars; pupae are short, brown, without ornamentation or projections and with short squared ocular caps. The immature stages of both species here described are quite similar to other species of the genus Moneuptychia and to other representatives of the “Megisto clade”, underlining the potential importance of immature stages as sources of phylogenetically informative characters in Euptychiina. -
Immature Stages and Natural History of Yphthimoides Borasta (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina)
42 TROP. LEPID. RES., 31(1): 42-47, 2021 FREITAS ET AL.: Natural history of Yphthimoides borasta Immature stages and natural history of Yphthimoides borasta (Nymphalidae: Euptychiina) André Victor Lucci Freitas1,2,3, Eduardo Proença Barbosa1 and Junia Yasmin Oliveira Carreira1 1. Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 2. Museu de Diversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 3. Corresponding author - [email protected] Date of issue online: 3 May 2021 Electronic copies (ISSN 2575-9256) in PDF format at: http://journals.fcla.edu/troplep; https://zenodo.org; archived by the Institutional Repository at the University of Florida (IR@UF), http://ufdc.ufl.edu/ufir;DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.4721637 © The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Abstract: The present paper describes the immature stages and the natural history of Yphthimoides borasta. Eggs are pinkish white and round, with poorly marked hexagonal cells; the first instar is pale brown, turning dark brown with longitudinal zigzag stripes in later instars; the pupae are short, brown, without ornamentation or projections and with short, squared ocular caps. The immature stages are similar to those of other species of the genus Yphthimoides and to other representatives of the “Megisto clade”. Observed sex ratio in the field is 1:1 and adults fly in the canopy, explaining the rarity of this species in inventories and museum collections in comparison with other species of Yphthimoides. -
Positive Effects of the Catastrophic Hurricane Patricia on Insect
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Positive efects of the catastrophic Hurricane Patricia on insect communities Received: 22 March 2018 Samuel Novais1,2,3, Luiz Eduardo Macedo-Reis1,2, E. Jacob Cristobal-Peréz2,3, Accepted: 20 September 2018 Gumersindo Sánchez-Montoya2,3, Milan Janda3,4, Frederico Neves1 & Mauricio Quesada1,2,3 Published: xx xx xxxx Highly seasonal conditions of tropical dry forests determine the temporal patterns of insect abundance. However, density-independent factors such as natural disturbances can abruptly change environmental conditions, afecting insect populations. We address the efects of the Hurricane Patricia (category 5) on species density and abundance of three feeding guilds of herbivorous insects (sap-sucking, folivorous beetles and xylophagous) and predatory beetles associated to the canopy of a tropical dry forest. Hurricane Patricia has been the strongest tropical hurricane ever reported in the Western Hemisphere. Herbivorous insects (sap-sucking and xylophagous) and predatory beetles increased in species density and abundance in the following months after the hurricane, compared to samples before it. The positive response of sap-sucking insects to Hurricane Patricia was probably related to an increase in the availability of new shoots and leaf meristems after the natural coppicing by the hurricane, while xylophagous guild seems to have been positively afected by the increase in the amount and diversity of deadwood resources. The positive response of predatory beetles may be the result of a bottom-up efect due to a greater availability of arthropod preys after the hurricane. We demonstrated that catastrophic hurricane disturbances could be important events that temporarily increase the species density and abundance of insects in tropical dry forests. -
Species List
Papilionoidea (Butterfly & Skipper) Species List Higher Classification1 Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Superfamily: Papilionoidea Family (F:), Subfamily (sF:) and Tribe (T:) Scientific Name1 English Name1 F: Hesperiidae (Skippers) sF: Eudaminae (Spreadwing Skippers) Astraptes anaphus annetta Yellow-tipped Flasher Autochton vectilucis Central American Banded-Skipper Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail Urbanus viterboana Bluish Longtail sF: Hesperiinae (Grass Skippers) T: Anthoptini Synapte salenus salenus Salenus Faceted-Skipper T: Calpodini Calpodes cf. ethlius Brazilian Skipper Talides alternata Alternate Ruby-eye T: Hesperiini Hylephila cf. phyleus phyleus Fiery Skipper Poanes inimica Yellow-stained Skipper Poanes cf. zabulon Hobomok Skipper T: Moncini Halotus angellus Angellus Skipper Lerema accius Clouded Skipper Remella rita Rita's Remella sF: Heteropterinae (Skipperlings) Dalla lethaea Schaus' Skipperling sF: Pyrginae (Spread-wing Skippers) T: Achlyodidini Doberes anticus Dark Doberes T: Carcharodini Noctuana lactifera lactifera Cryptic Skipper T: Erynnini Mylon cf. maimon Common Mylon F: Lycaenidae (Gossamerwings) sF: Theclinae (Hairstreaks) T: Eumaeini (Hairstreaks) Contrafacia bassania White-etched Hairstreak F: Nymphalidae (Brushfoots) sF: Apaturinae (Emperors) Doxocopa cyane mexicana Mexican Emperor Doxocopa laurentia cherubina Turquoise Emperor sF: Biblidinae (Exotic Brushfoots) T: Callicorini Diaethria anna anna Anna’s Eighty-eight Diaethria astala astala Astala Eighty-eight Diaethria -
Climate-Driven Declines in Arthropod Abundance Restructure a Rainforest Food Web
Climate-driven declines in arthropod abundance restructure a rainforest food web Bradford C. Listera,1 and Andres Garciab aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic University, Troy, NY 12180; and bEstación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 47152 Chamela, Jalisco, Mexico Edited by Nils Christian Stenseth, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, and approved September 10, 2018 (received for review January 8, 2018) A number of studies indicate that tropical arthropods should be mechanisms (9, 10). While demonstrated impacts of climate change particularly vulnerable to climate warming. If these predictions are on tropical forests include reductions in plant diversity (14), changes realized, climate warming may have a more profound impact on in plant species composition (15), and increases in tree growth, the functioning and diversity of tropical forests than currently mortality, and biomass (16), little is known about the impact of anticipated. Although arthropods comprise over two-thirds of terres- climate warming on rainforest arthropods (17, 18). Here we analyze trial species, information on their abundance and extinction rates long-term data on climate change, arthropod abundance, and in- in tropical habitats is severely limited. Here we analyze data on sectivores within the Luquillo rainforest in northeastern Puerto arthropod and insectivore abundances taken between 1976 and Rico, with the aim of determining if increases in ambient temper- 2012 at two midelevation habitats in Puerto Rico’s Luquillo rainforest. ature may have driven reductions in arthropod numbers and asso- During this time, mean maximum temperatures have risen by 2.0 °C. ciated decreases in consumer abundance. Using the same study area and methods employed by Lister in the 1970s, we discovered that the dry weight biomass of arthropods Results captured in sweep samples had declined 4 to 8 times, and 30 to Climate Trends in the Luquillo Forest.