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E. B. Sir Et Al Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (3-4) 2012 E. B. Sir et al. - Rosellinia en el NoroesteISSN de 0373-580Argentina X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (3-4): XX-XX. 2012 NOVEDADES PARA EL GÉNERO ROSELLINIA (ASCOMYCOTA- XYLARIACEAE) EN EL NOROESTE DE LA REPÚBLICA ARGENTINA ESTEBAN B. SIR1,2,3, TERESA C. PERERA1, ANDREA I. ROMERO4 y ADRIANA I. HLADKI1 Summary: Novelties for the genus Rosellinia (Ascomycota-Xylariaceae) from Northwest of Argentina. Rosellinia canzacotoana is reported for the first time in the southern Cone of America and Rosellinia arcuata is a new record from Argentina. Rosellinia necatrix is reported growing on a native host of the Argentine flora. Three Spegazzini’s holotypes:Rosellinia australis, Rosellinia bonaerensis and Rosellinia smilacina were studied and their taxonomic and nomenclatural positions are discussed. A dichotomous key to rosellinoid taxa so far known from Northwest Argentina and distributions maps is presented. Key words: Xylariales, Mycogeography, “Yungas”. Resumen: Se reporta por primera vez a Rosellinia canzacotoana en el Cono Sur de América y a Rosellinia arcuata para la Argentina. Rosellinia necatrix se cita creciendo sobre árboles en descomposición de la flora autóctona de la Argentina. Se realiza una revisión de tres holotipos de Spegazzini: Rosellinia australis, Rosellinia bonaerensis, Rosellinia smilacina, detallando su estado nomenclatural y taxonómico actual. También se presenta una clave dicotómica de las especies con aspecto rosellinoide del Noroeste del país y un mapa de distribución. Palabras clave: Xylariales, Micogeografía, “Yungas”. INTRODUCCIÓN asignables a los géneros Geniculosporium Chesters & Greenhalgh o Dematophora R. Hartig. Rosellinia (Fr.) De Not. es un género Muchas especies están registradas creciendo cosmopolita que cuenta con más de 90 especies. exclusivamente sobre coníferas pero también se Se caracteriza por sus estromas globosos a presentan en dicotiledóneas, monocotiledóneas e subglobosos generalmente uniperiteciados y incluso sobre algunos Basidiomycetes (Petrini & rodeados de subículo persistente, con anamorfos Petrini, 2005). La mayoría de los estudios del género para la Argentina se circunscriben a los trabajos pioneros de Spegazzini (1880, 1887, 1888, 1899, 1909, 1912, 1Laboratorio de Micología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000 Tucumán, 1916), quien cita 14 especies, de las cuales siete Argentina; [email protected] (autor fueron propuestas como nuevas para la ciencia. corresponsal). Para el Noroeste del país, Spegazzini (1909) 2Cátedra de Diversidad Vegetal I, Facultad de Ciencias registró a R. paraguayensis Starbäck y R. smilacina naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000 Speg. en Jujuy, Salta y Tucumán posteriormente R. Tucumán, Argentina. breensis fue propuesta por Starbäck (Saccardo, 3 CONICET 1913) en base a un espécimen coleccionado en 4PHHIDEB-CONICET, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Jujuy, y recientemente Catania (2009) reportó a R. Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad franciscae Petrini y R. subiculata (Schwein.) Sacc. Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4o. Piso, C1428EHA Ciudad en bosques de Podocarpus parlatorei Pilg. para Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Catamarca y Tucumán. 1 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (3-4) 2012 En contribuciones anteriores (Agüero et al., Hakgala, en corteza, Mayo 1910, (K, no visto) 2010, 2011; Hladki, 1997, 2001, 2004; Hladki & (Fig.: 1 A–G). Romero, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009 a,b,c, 2010; Palacios et al., 2008) se encaró el estudio Subículo castaño a castaño oscuro a la madurez, de la familia Xylariaceae en el Noroeste de la bien desarrollado, cubriendo completamente la Argentina, y en esta oportunidad nuestro objetivo base del estroma, persistente, formado por hifas fue centrar la investigación en el género Rosellinia castañas, tabicadas y ramificadas que se unen estudiando morfológicamente colecciones frescas formando gruesos cordones. Estromas gregarios y las depositadas en el herbario de la Universidad en grupos pequeños, superficiales. Región fértil, de Buenos Aires (BAFC), en el Instituto de globosa a subglobosa, ocasionalmente con Botánica Carlos Spegazzini (LPS) y en el herbario ápice achatado, 0.8–1 mm diám.; superficie de la Fundación Miguel Lillo (LIL). lisa, castaño oscura a negra. Corte longitudinal: En base a los resultados obtenidos se ectostroma sólido, negro, brilloso, endostroma confeccionó una clave dicotómica y un mapa de blanco amarillento presente en la base. Peritecios distribución de las especies de aspecto rosellinoide globosos, uno por estroma. Papila ostiolar cónica, halladas hasta el presente en el Noroeste de prominente, negruzca. Ascos no persistentes, la Argentina con el propósito de facilitar su fragmentarios, con aparato apical urniforme identificación y conocimiento. refringente, IK+ azul intenso, 5–8 × 4–6 µm. Ascosporas castaño oscuras, asimétricas, fusiformes con extremos estrechamente angostos, MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS 35–43 × 8–9 µm, surco germinativo recto, corto, 10.5–14.5 µm, central, en el lado plano. No se Los ejemplares fueron coleccionados durante observan apéndices ni vaina mucilaginosa. exploraciones micológicas en áreas protegidas o parques nacionales de las provincias de Jujuy Anamorfo: presente en el subículo, tipo- (Parque Nacional Calilegua), Salta (Reserva Dematophora. Sinema mayor de 1 mm long. Nacional El Nogalar de Los Toldos) y Tucumán Conidióforos castaños, 150–200 µm, erguidos, (Reserva Provincial “La Florida”, Parque Biológico ramificados y con paredes engrosadas. Célula “Sierra de San Javier”); estos especímenes fueron conidiógena terminal, 10–12 × 4–4.5 µm, con depositados en el herbario Digilio (LIL) de la numerosas cicatrices conidiales. Conidios hialinos, Fundación Miguel Lillo. globosos a subglobosos con base truncada, 4–5 × Se examinaron tres holotipos de Spegazzini 3–4 µm. Ilustraciones ver Petrini (2003). (LPS: Rosellinia australis y R.bonaerensis, R. smilacina), además de otros especímenes Materiales examinados: ARGENTINA. depositados en herbarios nacionales (BAFC: R. Prov. Jujuy: Depto. Ledesma, Parque Nacional necatrix e R. bonaerenses; LPS: R. paraguayensis) Calilegua, sendero de la laguna, 15-XI-2007, A.I. e internacionales (FH: R. conzacotoana) Hladki 4059, 4080 (LIL). (Holmgren et al., 1990). Las preparaciones, observaciones microscópicas Sustrato: lignícola, creciendo sobre restos de y la terminología empleada para las descripciones, ramas. Roger (1953) y Saccas (1956) encontraron se realizaron siguiendo a Petrini (2003). esta especie en las raíces de Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze y Coffea arabica L. causando daños muy severos. RESULTADOS Distribución geográfica: regiones tropicales Tratamiento taxonómico y húmedas de África y Asia, Hong Kong, India, A - especies identificadas Indonesia (Java, Sumatra), Kenya, Nueva Guinea, Nueva Zelanda, Papua, Sri Lanka, Zaire (Petrini, Rosellinia arcuata Petch., Ann. R. Bot. Garden 2003). En América se cita para Brasil, República Peradeniya 6: 175. 1916. Tipo: Sri Lanka, Dominicana (Farr & Rossman, 2012), Colombia 2 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (3-4) 2012 E. B. Sir et al. - Rosellinia en el Noroeste de Argentina Fig. 1. Rosellinia arcuata. A-B: Aspecto general de los estromas periteciodes gregarios. C: Subículo en la base de los estromas, formando gruesos cordones. D: Detalle de las hifas del subículo. E: Corte longitudinal del estroma. F: Aparato apical IK+. G: Ascosporas fusiformes con extremos redondeados estrechos. Rosellinia canzacotoana. H: Aspecto general. I: Detalle de los estromas peritecioides. 3 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (3-4) 2012 Subículo amarillento a castaño claro a la madurez, bien desarrollado, cubriendo completamente la base del estroma, persistente, formado por hifas amarillentas pálidas, tabicadas y ramificadas, 12 µm diám. Estromas gregarios en grupos pequeños. Región fértil globosa, ocasionalmente con ápice achatado, 0.8–1 mm diám.; superficie lisa, castaño oscura a negra. Corte longitudinal: tejido interno sólido, negro, brilloso sin una nítida diferenciación entre ectostroma y entostroma. Peritecios globosos, uno por estroma. Papila ostiolar cónica, rodeada de un disco tenue del mismo color. Ascos no observados. Ascosporas castaño claras, asimétricas, fusiformes con extremos redondeados estrechos, comprimida lateralmente en un lado, 40–54 × 7.5–10 µm, frágiles abriéndose helicoidalmente a través del surco germinativo que cubre toda la longitud de la espora. No se observan apéndices ni vaina mucilaginosa. Anamorfo: presente en el subículo. Conidióforos amarillentos a castaños amarillentos, 140–210 × 18–20 µm, erguidos, no ramificados y con paredes irregularmente engrosadas. Célula conidiógena terminal e intercalar, 24–30 × 15 µm. Conidios hialinos, globosos a subglobosos con base truncada, 5–9 × 4–8 µm. Fig. 2. Rosellinia canzacotoana. A: Aspecto general. B: Detalle de los estromas peritecioides con subículo basal. C: Ascosporas con surco Materiales examinados: ARGENTINA. Prov. germinativo helicoidal. D: Detalle de las hifas del Salta: Depto. Santa Victoria, Los Toldos, finca El subículo. E: Conidióforos. F: Células conidiógenas Nogalar, 1600 m s n n, X-2002, Hladki 2903, (LIL intercalares, véase conidios en formación. y BAFC). Prov. Tucumán: Depto. Yerba Buena, Parque Biológico “Sierra de San Javier”, Horco Molle, 06-IX-2006, Hladki 4007 (LIL). y Honduras (Petrini & Petrini, 2012); se cita por Sustrato: lignícola, creciendo sobre
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