Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand

1996-2000

Statistics New Zealand

July 2002

Environmental Accounts Series Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Contents

CONTENTS...... 2

TABLES...... 3

A. INTRODUCTION...... 4

A.1 BACKGROUND TO NATURAL RESOURCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTS ...... 4 A.2 BACKGROUND TO FISHING IN NEW ZEALAND ...... 5 A.2.1 General Background...... 5 A.2.2 Commercial Fishing and the Quota Management System (QMS) ...... 6 A.2.3 Aquaculture ...... 8 A.2.4 Recreational Fishing...... 8 A.2.5 Customary Fishing ...... 8 A.2.6 Management Organisations...... 9 B. CLASSIFICATIONS AND DEFINITIONS...... 11

B.1 SEEA ASSET CLASSIFICATION...... 11 B.2 DEFINITIONS...... 12 B.2.1 Description of the Tables...... 12 B.2.2 Definitions for Column Categories...... 13 B.2.3 Definitions for Row Categories ...... 14 C. SOURCES AND METHODS ...... 15

C.1 DETAILS OF DATA SOURCES...... 15 C.1.1 FishServe ...... 15 C.1.2 Marine Farming Association ...... 15 C.1.3 Ministry of Fisheries...... 15 C.2 SOURCES AND METHODS FOR COMMERCIAL CATCH AND TACC...... 17 C.2.1 Quota Management System Stocks ...... 17 C.2.2 Non-Quota Management System Stocks ...... 17 C.3 SOURCES AND METHODS FOR RECREATIONAL, CUSTOMARY AND ILLEGAL CATCH ...... 18 C.3.1 Recreational Catch...... 18 C.3.2 Customary Catch ...... 19 C.3.3 Illegal Catch...... 19 C.4 SOURCES AND METHODS FOR AQUACULTURE...... 19 C.5 SOURCES AND METHODS FOR STOCK ESTIMATES ...... 20 D. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS ...... 21

D.1 THE IDEAL PHYSICAL STOCK ACCOUNT ...... 21 D.1.1 Row Definitions ...... 22 D.2 SPECIFIC DATA REQUIREMENTS...... 23 D.2.1 Stock Estimates ...... 23 D.2.2 Natural Mortality and Natural Growth ...... 23 D.2.3 Recreational and Customary Catch ...... 23 D.2.4 Aquaculture ...... 24 E. GLOSSARY ...... 25

F. BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 28

APPENDIX 1: SYSTEM OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS ASSET CLASSIFICATION ...... 30 APPENDIX 2: THE TABLES...... 33

2 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Tables

Example format of an ideal physical stock table...... 21 Table 1: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Barracouta ...... 33 Table 2: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Blue Cod...... 34 Table 3: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Bluenose ...... 35 Table 4: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Alfonsino...... 36 Table 5: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Cardinalfish ...... 37 Table 6: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Rock Lobster...... 38 Table 8: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Mixed Flats...... 40 Table 9: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Frostfish...... 41 Table 10: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Grey Mullet ...... 42 Table 11: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Ghostshark...... 43 Table 12: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Pale Ghostshark...... 44 Table 13: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Gurnard...... 45 Table 14: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Hake...... 46 Table 15: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Hoki ...... 47 Table 17: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - John Dory ...... 49 Table 18: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Jack Mackerel...... 50 Table 19: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Ling...... 51 Table 21: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Oreo Dorie...... 53 Table 22: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Orange Roughy...... 54 Table 24: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Paua ...... 56 Table 25: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Ruby Fish ...... 58 Table 26: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Red Cod...... 59 Table 27: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Ribaldo ...... 60 Table 28: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Scallops ...... 61 Table 29: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - School Shark...... 62 Table 30: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Gemfish ...... 63 Table 31: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Snapper ...... 64 Table 33: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Rig ...... 66 Table 34: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Squid...... 67 Table 35: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Stargazer...... 68 Table 36: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Silver Warehou...... 69 Table 37: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Tarahiki ...... 70 Table 38: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Trevally ...... 71 Table 39: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Trumpeter ...... 72 Table 40: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Blue Warehou...... 73 Table 41: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - White Warehou...... 74 Table 42: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Yellow Eyed Mullet ...... 75 Table 43: Total Commercial Catch - all species...... 76 Table 44: Commercial and Recreational Catch for Non-Quota Management Species...... 77 Table 45: Commercial Aquaculture Harvest Table...... 83

3 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

A. Introduction

A.1 Background to Natural Resource and Environmental Accounts

Statistics New Zealand, in association with the Ministry for the Environment, is currently preparing physical and monetary stock and flow estimates for four of New Zealand’s significant natural resources – fishing, forestry, subsoil and water resources. Technically, the physical estimates are referred to as natural resource accounts, while the monetary estimates are referred to as environmental accounts. In New Zealand the initial impetus to begin compiling natural resource and environmental accounts came about as a result of decisions stemming from the Budget 2000. The Government decided that more information was required on complex relationships between the economy, the environment and society.

This report provides information on the physical stock of fishery resources in New Zealand (including the Exclusive Economic Zone) for the period 1996 to 2000. The report provides limited stock estimates for some commercially fished species, as well as the commercial, recreational and customary catches where data is available. It also provides information on allowable catches that are set under the Quota Management System.

The fish stock account is based on an international framework called the System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA). This framework is an extension of the System of National Accounts (SNA) which Statistics New Zealand uses to compile the national accounts, including Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The SEEA is designed to measure the use and discovery of natural resources and some of the resulting impacts on the environment (such as waste generated during production).

The development of natural resource and environmental accounts reflects an international trend towards compiling information beyond the traditional measures of economic activity. The SEEA reflects the view that the environment, at any given point in time, has a finite capacity to supply materials and absorb and process wastes through environmental services, such as gravel acting as a natural water filter. Should this capacity be exceeded, at any given point in time, then the environment would suffer quality loss (degradation) or depletion of resources. This environmental information is collected under a framework that allows for adjustments of conventional measures of GDP to reflect environmental discovery and depletion. Existing measures of GDP do not account for the degradation, discovery and depletion of environmental assets. For example, if New Zealand's fishery resource were to be commercially harvested at an unsustainable rate, GDP would increase due to an increase in the output of the fishing industry. However, the loss of future production is not accounted for under existing measures. Whether the information in the accounts is used to adjust GDP or not, they still provide a record of the extent of the resource over time, and its value to the New Zealand economy.

Future work on the fish resource accounts will include the physical flow accounts, which will show the supply and use of fish products into the economy.

To improve the usefulness of the initial physical stock account Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) will be included in the tables. TACC is not a measure of stock size or stock

4 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

change, but it represents the outcome of a process that advises the Minister of Fisheries of appropriate annual catch limits under the requirement of the 1996 Fisheries Act to ensure sustainability. Therefore changes in TACC, over time, provides good information regarding the health of the fish stocks. TACC time series are also not subject to revision.

Preparing the full fish account, including estimates for the physical flows, using the SEEA framework would be very useful as it would allow comparisons to be made regarding the availability and use of fish resources between New Zealand and other countries. The SEEA is used internationally by many countries, including Australia, Canada, the Philippines, Japan, and the United Kingdom.

A.2 Background to Fishing in New Zealand

A.2.1 General Background

The marine environment New Zealand controls is over 14.4 times bigger than New Zealand’s terrestrial land mass. This area, known as the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) (See Figure 1.), extends 200 nautical miles from the New Zealand coastline and spans over 30 degrees of latitude, from northern subtropical Raoul Island to southern subantarctic Campbell Island. The EEZ includes, and extends eastward from, the Chatham Islands. This marine environment contains many diverse ecosystems including estuaries, seamounts, and reefs. The ecosystems within the EEZ contain more than 1000 species of fish. Of these, about 110 are endemic to New Zealand. Less than half are found in the open sea with about 61 percent of fish species in coastal rockpools.1

Figure 1. Exclusive Economic Zone and Quota Stock Management Areas

Source: Ministry of Fisheries Stock Assessment Reports Note: management areas may vary between species.

1 Ministry for the Environment (1997).

5 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Although New Zealand has the fourth largest Exclusive Economic Zone in the world, New Zealand only contributes approximately 1 percent of total global fish production.2 The reason for this is that two-thirds of the EEZ is considered to be commercially barren due to the extreme depths and lack of nutrient rich currents.3

More than 300 different fish species are caught commercially in New Zealand’s EEZ. The major species include Hoki, Snapper, Ling, and Orange Roughy, which contributed approximately 50 percent of total annual commercial catch in the year ended September 2000. Commercial marine fishing contributes approximately 80 percent of the total value from New Zealand fisheries production. For the year ended March 2001, fish exports contributed export earnings totalling $1.46 billion to the New Zealand economy, an increase of approximately 13 percent on the year ended March 2000. This increase occurred even though total fish exports declined from approximately 284,756 tonnes in the year ended March 2000 to approximately 249,423 in the year ended March 2001.4

New Zealand has approximately 34 different species of native freshwater fish, including eels. Freshwater eels are one of the very few native freshwater fish species to be commercially exploited. There are approximately 19 species of introduced freshwater fish, including trout and salmon.5 Some species, such as salmon, are farmed commercially, and some trout are bred and released into specified waterways for recreational purposes.

A.2.2 Commercial Fishing and the Quota Management System (QMS) The New Zealand fishing industry is not subsidised unlike the fishing industries in many countries.6 In fact, the fishing industry pays levies to the Government to fund services including the management of the fisheries, research, the processing and administration of catch information, vessel monitoring systems, and conservation services.

Deepwater Fisheries

In the early years of New Zealand’s fishing industry most of the exploration and development of fisheries within New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) was undertaken by established fishing fleets from countries such as the Japan, Korea and the former USSR. After the declaration of the EEZ in 1978 these fisheries were gradually taken over by joint ventures between New Zealand fishing companies and foreign owned companies. In 1983 a management regime based on company held quota was established for the main deep-water species.

However, this management regime did not provide sufficient means for the transfer of quota so in October 1986 the Quota Management System (QMS) was introduced by the Ministry of Fisheries. The QMS was implemented to enhance the sustainability of fish stocks and improve the economic efficiency of the fishing industry.7

2 SeaFIC website [www.seafood.co.nz]. 3 Ministry for the Environment (1997). 4 Source: Statistics New Zealand. 5 Ministry for the Environment (1997). 6 Milazzo M (1998). “Subsidies in World Fisheries: A re-examination”, World Bank Technical Paper No 406, The World Bank, Washington DC, USA. 7 Clement & Assoc Ltd (1997).

6 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Inshore Fisheries

The early days of New Zealand commercial fisheries development was limited to inshore fishing grounds. Fishing was localised and small scale, using small boats. Before 1965, New Zealand only controlled fishing within a 3-mile coastal limit. In 1965, the limit was extended to 12 miles. New Zealand focused largely on the inshore fishery and fished from relatively small trawlers and other vessels. However, many foreign fishing vessels still fished outside the 12-mile zone.8 By the early 1980s the need for a comprehensive management system had become evident because fishing pressure had reduced the size of a number of key inshore fisheries. This was leading to a decline in commercial catch sizes, an economic downturn in the fishing industry, and a deterioration of recreational fisheries.9

The Quota Management System

The Quota Management System divides New Zealand's 200 nautical mile EEZ into 10 Quota Management Areas (QMAs) (see Figure 1). For each quota management species, separate fish stocks have been identified to provide for more effective management. Each fish stock is defined by an area that may be the same as a QMA or a grouping of QMAs, depending on the geographical distribution of that fish stock. For example, the species John Dory has one stock called JDO3 that incorporates the QMAs 3, 4, 5 and 6, while Snapper has a stock called SNA1 that matches QMA1.

As at September 2000, 46 species were included in the QMS and are subdivided into over 200 separate stocks. The Ministry of Fisheries has proposed to increase the numbers of species in the QMS over the next few years.

Under the QMS commercial catch limits (in tonnes) are set annually by the Minister of Fisheries as Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC). The Minister sets the TACC on advice provided by the Ministry of Fisheries for each fish stock and from submissions from the fishing industry and other interested groups. The TACCs may be altered from the previous year if assessments into stock sizes show change. For most stocks the fishing year is from 1 October to 30 September the following year.

Individual Transferable Quota

Commercial fishers own or lease Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ). This entitles them to fish a proportion of the TACC of a fish stock ie the ITQ, owned or leased, is a proportion of total quota for that stock that translates into tonnage of the TACC at the start of the fishing year.10 For example, if a fisher owns 10 percent of quota shares for Snapper, and the TACC for Snapper is set at 10,000 tonnes for a given fishing year, then the quota owner can catch 1,000 tonnes of Snapper that year.

Owning ITQ does not mean that the commercial fisher owns the fish in the sea, rather the right to harvest fish is owned. Under the current QMS system only New Zealand residents can own quota. However, quota owners can contract overseas companies to harvest fish.

8 New Zealand Seafood Industry Profile (July 2001). 9 Clement & Assoc Ltd (1997). 10 Refer to Annual Catch Entitlement (ACE) in the Glossary for a more detailed explanation.

7 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

A.2.3 Aquaculture

Aquaculture is the fisheries equivalent of agriculture. Aquaculture is the “propagation and husbandry of aquatic plants and animals to supplement natural supply”.11 Aquaculture is based both in salt water and fresh water, and takes place in natural water and artificial enclosures.

The major types of aquaculture in New Zealand include the GreenshellTM mussel and the pacific oyster. Other important species that are farmed are king (quinnat) salmon and paua. There are also several other minor farming operations for different species, such as the spiny lobster.

The high standards of New Zealand aquaculture production have meant that export earnings from aquaculture have become significant. GreenshellTM mussel exports alone were valued at $169 million in the year ended December 2000.12 Aquaculture makes up approximately 20 percent of the total fisheries production value.

A.2.4 Recreational Fishing

Recreational catch is the catching of fish for non-commercial purposes. Fish caught cannot be sold. Fishing tours or trips that are run by a commercial venture are considered to be recreational fishing.

Recreational fishing is an important aspect of New Zealand fisheries. This has been recognised in the government setting of allowable catch levels. The Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) is only part of the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) set by the Government. TAC takes into account recreational and customary fishing needs, as well as commercial requirements.

The Ministry of Fisheries administers the recreational fishing regulations. New Zealand is divided into three recreational management areas: north, central and south. Each area has different rules that apply to different fish stocks. These rules govern catch limits, fish/shellfish size, etc. Fishery officers monitor recreational catch.

There is no requirement to report recreational catch, but occasionally recreational catch surveys are conducted to help estimate the level of non-commercial catch. For some stocks recreational catch makes up a large proportion of the total catch. For example, the stock Blue Cod 7 (BCO7), which covers the Marlborough Sounds area, had a commercial catch of 65 tonnes in the 1995/96 fishing year, while the recreational catch for BCO7 in 1996 was estimated to be 239 tonnes.13

A.2.5 Customary Fishing

In 1992, the Fisheries Settlement Act provided a legislated settlement of fishing claims with Mäori. The first part of the settlement addressed the right of Mäori to a commercial stake in New Zealand’s fishing industry, and the second part addressed the right of Mäori to a non-commercial customary fishing right.14

11 Ministry of Fisheries website [www.fish.govt.nz]. 12 SeaFIC website [www.seafood.co.nz]. 13 Ministry of Fisheries, Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 2001: stock assessments and yield estimates, 66 – 67. 14 Ministry of Fisheries website [www.fish.govt.nz].

8 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Customary fishing regulations were developed by the Crown and Mäori. The aim of the regulations is to provide the traditional rights of customary fishing as well as preserving the sustainability of the fisheries. The regulations were first introduced in April 1998 with the co- operation of South Island iwi.

The regulations only cover non-commercial customary fishing. Those given permission to take fish under the customary fishing rights cannot trade or sell the fish for any form of payment. These regulations apply to marine fish and not to freshwater fish.

The customary fishing regulations also provide for the establishment of mataitai reserves where tangata whenua can manage all non-commercial fishing in their traditional fishing grounds. These areas are administered by Tangata Kaitiaki/Tiaki, who are individuals or groups who can authorise customary fishing within their rohe moana. The Tangata Kaitiaki/Tiaki grant fishing rights, size and quantity taken, fishing method and area where the fishing is to occur. They also provide catch statistics to the Ministry of Fisheries.15

A.2.6 Management Organisations

Ministry of Fisheries

The Ministry of Fisheries is the primary body that controls commercial fisheries in New Zealand. They review the sustainability of fish stocks on an annual basis and provide advice on this information to the Minister of Fisheries who controls and regulates total allowable catch volumes. The Ministry of Fisheries also administers permits for aquaculture.

Department of Conservation

The Department of Conservation is responsible for marine reserves and for marine mammals such as dolphins, whales, sea lions and fur seals. Under the Marine Reserves Act 1971, the Department of Conservation is responsible for caring for and managing marine reserves. Management functions include marking marine reserve boundaries, law enforcement, issuing scientific permits and monitoring environmental changes.16

Regional Councils

Regional councils have the ability to grant or refuse resource consents for aquaculture. However, recently the Government placed a two-year moratorium on new aquaculture development throughout New Zealand to allow for a review of aquaculture law.

Fish and Game New Zealand

The fish and game councils that make up Fish and Game New Zealand were established under the Conservation Act 1987 to manage the sports fish and game resource in New Zealand on behalf of anglers and hunters.

15 Ministry of Fisheries website [www.fish.govt.nz]. 16 Department of Conservation website [www.doc.govt.nz].

9 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

FishServe

FishServe is an administrative organisation for commercial fisheries. FishServe is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Seafood Industry Council (SeaFIC), and works for the commercial fishing industry. It is responsible for various registry services (refer to section C.1.1 for further information).

New Zealand Seafood Industry Council (SeaFIC)

SeaFIC represents and meets the industry needs of fishers, harvesters, the aquaculture sector, processors, retailers and exporters.

New Zealand Marine Farming Association

The New Zealand Marine Farming Association promotes the planned development of marine aquaculture in New Zealand. The Association also assists in mussel spat supply and operates a number of spat catching and spat holding sites.

10 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

B. Classifications and Definitions

B.1 SEEA Asset Classification17

The SEEA refers to aquatic resources as covering “fish, shellfish, and other aquatic resources such as sponges and seaweeds as well as aquatic mammals such as whales”.18 Below is the broad SEEA asset classification and the italics highlight the areas that relate to fish. Statistics New Zealand is preparing the fish account under EA.143 Aquatic resources. The tables have been prepared using tonnes as the units of measurement. Tonnes will also be the units used in the physical flow accounts for fish.

A complementary classification to the EA.143 Aquatic resources classification is the EA.32 Aquatic ecosystems classification. Aquatic ecosystems refer to all aquatic resources as well as the environment they inhabit. The EA.32 classification is used for classifying the environmental services that aquatic ecosystems provide, such as spawning habitats for fish and the dispersion of pollution. These ecosystems are not measured in the fish physical stock account.

EA.1 Natural Resources EA.11 Mineral and energy resources EA.12 Soil resources (cubic metres, tonnes) EA.13 Water resources (cubic metres) EA.14 Biological resources EA.141 Timber resources (cubic metres, tonnes) EA.143 Aquatic resources EA.1431 Cultivated EA.1432 Non-cultivated EA.2 Land and surface water (hectares) EA.3 Ecosystems EA.31 Terrestrial ecosystems EA.32 Aquatic ecosystems EA.321 Marine ecosystems EA.322 Coastal ecosystems EA.323 Riverine ecosystems EA.324 Lacustrine ecosystems EA.325 Other aquatic ecosystems EA.M Memorandum item – Intangible environmental assets

17 The full SEEA asset classification is included in Appendix 1. 18 SEEA (2001) (draft) ch 7, 68.

11 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

B.2 Definitions

B.2.1 Description of the Tables

The initial physical stock tables for fish cover the period 1996 to 2000. A year refers to the 12- month period ending 30 September. For most fish species this relates to the commercial fishing year, and the start and end dates of TAC (Total Allowable Catch) and TACC (Total Allowable Commercial Catch) that are set by the Minister of Fisheries every year. However, there are a few species that have a fishing year from 1 April to 31 March.

It is important to note that the recreational catch refers to calendar years. So for the fishing year ended 1996, the recreational catch refers to the 1996 calendar year.

It is also important to note that summary tables for fish species are only available for commercial catch, due to difficulties in estimating total species stock estimates and a lack of information regarding recreational, customary and illegal catches.

Note: some species are removed from the non-Quota Management Species tables and are included in the Quota Management System tables from the time they are added to the Quota Management System.

Tables 1 – 43: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management Species

These tables are in fishing years (1 October to 30 September), apart from recreational catch, which is in calendar years. Each table refers to one species that is split into separate quota management stocks.

These tables are for quota management species and do not include stock estimates. The table includes commercial catch, recreational catch (where available), Total Allowable Catch (TAC), and Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC). All data is in tonnes, per year.

Table 44: Commercial and Recreational Catch for Non-Quota Management Species

The commercial non-quota management species table is in fishing years (1 October to 30 September). These tables refer to non-cultivated (wild) fish that are caught for commercial, and where data is available, recreational purposes.

The table only contains catch volumes by species, in tonnes, per year.

12 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 45: Commercial Aquaculture Harvest Table

The aquaculture table refers to a calendar year. This table refers to cultivated stocks of fish and shellfish that are harvested for commercial purposes. The table contains data prior to 1996 to show how aquaculture production has increased over time.

The table only contains harvest (catch) volumes, in tonnes, per year, for the major aquaculture species. Stock estimates are not available, nor are other changes such as natural mortality and natural growth.

B.2.2 Definitions for Column Categories

The definitions below are based on the SEEA framework that Statistics New Zealand has used to compile the natural resource accounts. It should be noted, however, that in practice it is not always possible to compile estimates in this framework due to a lack of quality data.

Fish species

For the purposes of this account the term ‘fish’ refers to “fish, shellfish, and other aquatic resources such as sponges and seaweeds as well as aquatic mammals such as whales”.19 However, not all of these categories are included in this fish account.

Exclusions from the fish account are: • Marine mammals, such as dolphins and whales: this initial account has focused on fish that are caught for commercial, recreational or customary purposes • Marine non-commercial species: this information has been excluded due to a lack of adequate data • Freshwater non-commercial species, because very little data is available • Aquaculture species that are not yet in commercial production • Species bred for release into the wild: some information is available regarding trout that is bred by Fish and Game hatcheries for release into streams, but complete coverage of data is not yet available. The data that is available is measured in numbers of fish, and would need to be converted into tonnes for consistency with the rest of the account. A reliable method is not presently available. • Aquatic plants: data availability for aquatic plants has not been explored for this account. This type of data, for cultivated and uncultivated aquatic plants, would probably be included in an ecosystems account.

Non-cultivated stocks

This refers to fish stocks that are not bred for harvest, or release and grow with no direct human intervention. Fish caught in the ocean are considered to be non-cultivated. Non-cultivated stocks include quota management system species.

19 SEEA (2001) (draft) ch 7, 68.

13 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Cultivated stocks (aquaculture)

This refers to stocks that are bred for harvest or release into the wild. These stocks have had direct human intervention during the growth process. Cultivated stocks include farmed mussels and farmed salmon.

Quota codes

Quota codes refer to the stock areas of specific species. These are expressed using an alphanumeric code, the letters denoting the species and the number denoting the management area. For example SNA1 refers to the snapper stock in the quota management area 1, which covers East Northland, the Hauraki Gulf and the Bay of Plenty.

B.2.3 Definitions for Row Categories

Catch

Commercial catch / harvesting: the removal of fish for economic reasons (in tonnes).

Recreational catch: the removal of fish for recreation or sport (in tonnes).

Customary catch: the removal of fish due to an established cultural right, for consumption. Customary catch cannot be traded or sold (in tonnes.)

Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC)

The Total Allowable Commercial Catch as determined by the Minister of Fisheries at the start of the fishing year (either 1 October or 1 April in most cases) (in tonnes).

Total Allowable Catch (TAC)

The Total Allowable Catch that includes commercial, customary and recreational catch as determined by the Minister of Fisheries at the start of the fishing year (either 1 October or 1 April in most cases) (in tonnes).

14 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

C. Sources and Methods

C.1 Details of Data Sources

C.1.1 FishServe FishServe took over registry services from the Ministry of Fisheries in August 1999. They are not a government department and are a wholly owned subsidiary of the Seafood Industry Council (SeaFIC). They have become responsible for the following registry services: • Quota management, • Permitting, • Vessel registrations, • Licensed Fish Receiver licensing, • Billing of levies and fees, • Processing of Catch and Effort Landing Returns and other statutory fishing returns.

One dataset that FishServe maintains is a database of catch statistics for all commercially caught species, as well as the Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC). This data has been used for these stock accounts.

All commercial catch data comes from catch returns that have to be filled in by anyone who holds a permit to harvest fish.20 The catch data is matched against the appropriate quota and quota area.

C.1.2 Marine Farming Association The Marine Farming Association is a group focused on the aquaculture industry in New Zealand. They were able to supply annual production data of the main aquaculture species: salmon, mussels, oysters, and abalone (paua).

C.1.3 Ministry of Fisheries The Ministry of Fisheries has supplied several different types of data. They have supplied the Total Allowable Catch that is determined by the Minister of Fisheries every year, and the recreational and customary catch data.

Total Allowable Catch (TAC): The Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and the Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) are reviewed annually by the Minister of Fisheries. Not all stocks are reviewed every year. Review of TAC and TACC takes place due to such things as significant changes in biomass of a stock or a change in regulations to the management of that stock. For example, for the 2001/02 fishing year, the TAC for the stock OEO3A (Oreo) has been reduced from 4,400 tonnes to 4,095 tonnes due to sustainability issues.

20 For more information on catch return regulations refer to the FishServe website [www.fishserve.co.nz].

15 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

The changes to TAC and TACC are discussed in the Minister of Fisheries final advice paper released before the start of every fishing year.

The annual reports from the Fishery Assessment Plenary on stock assessments and yield estimates

The reports summarise the conclusions and recommendations from the meetings of the Fishery Assessment Groups held between February and April every year, and the Fishery Assessment Plenary session held during May. These meetings are held to assess the fisheries managed within the Quota Management System, as well as other important fisheries in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone.21

These publications contain assessment and yield information on approximately 50 different species of fish and shellfish.

The assessments of the status of the stocks in the reports apply to the coming fishing year. Information on recreational, customary and illegal catch is included in the reports where available, as well as commercial catch and Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC). This information is used in the fish account as a check for the data received from other sources.

Only limited stock estimate data is included in the plenary reports, and it is not available for all species.

The stock assessments are used to determine if the stocks are currently at, above, or below a level that can produce a maximum sustainable yield, so that recommendations can be made to either increase, decrease, or continue with the current level of catch.

The recommendations from the Plenary are submitted to the Minister of Fisheries for consideration before the Minister prepares the final advice paper outlining any TAC or TACC changes.

The reports include the following information to aid the assessment process:

Data from commercial catch: • catch and effort data (for example, how many trawls are done to obtain the full catch allowed by quota) • catch monitoring (observers aboard vessels) • length and age data (of fish) to determine population structure • all other mortality to the stock caused by fishing.

Data from the quota monitoring system: • actual Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) • TACC overruns • bycatch trading (trading of catch that is caught without quota).

21 Ministry of Fisheries (2001). “Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 2001”, Ministry of Fisheries, Wellington.

16 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Reports

The stock estimates and model information included in the plenary reports are from stock assessment models developed by the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, and the Seafood Industry Council. The modelled information included in the Plenary reports is abridged from the full assessment reports used by the Plenary to assess stocks.

The assessment reports contain detailed information regarding the model parameters and results for the stock being assessed. The reports are technical in nature and much of the information is not necessary for the fish account. However, the reports provide some background on the different fisheries.

Some of the data series from the modelled information discussed in the assessment reports have been made available to Statistics New Zealand by the Ministry of Fisheries, but the data has not been included in this report. Reasons for this are discussed in section C.5.

C.2 Sources and Methods for Commercial Catch and TACC

C.2.1 Quota Management System Stocks

Commercial catch and Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) are included in Tables 1 – 43 that refer to the stocks included in the Quota Management System (QMS). Even though most stocks are assessed, the majority do not have volume estimates due to a lack of reliable data.

The commercial catch is split into the different stocks for each species. For example, the species Hake is split into four stock areas under the QMS comprising the quota codes – HAK1, HAK2, HAK7, and HAK10. Each tonnage of fish caught in a certain area is recorded against the appropriate stock (or quota) code. The stock data has been aggregated to provide a total commercial catch for a particular fishing year, for a particular species.

Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) data is also included in the tables covering the QMS stocks. TACC data is available for any species included in the QMS system. The TACC data identifies how much fish is allowed to be caught commercially in a particular fishing year and comparisons between the TACC and the actual commercial catch can be made. For example, for the year ended September 1997 Hake 1 (HAK1) had a TACC of 3,632 tonnes, and had commercial catch of 3,534 tonnes (see Table 18). Individual fish stock TACC can also be aggregated to provide a total TACC for a particular species. Hake total TACC for year ended September 2000 was 13,997 tonnes.

C.2.2 Non-Quota Management System Stocks

Commercial catch is also included in the Non-Quota Management stocks table (see Table 44). Total Allowable Commercial Catch is not available for non-quota management species. TACC is not set for these species, although some species such as Cockles have fishing permits attached that restrict the amount of harvest.

17 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

However, there is one notable species not included in the Quota Management System that does have quota. Southern Bluefin Tuna is a transmigratory species ie it does not have a stock area that is contained within New Zealand’s Exclusive Economic Zone. The Southern Bluefin Tuna stock is spread between the Atlantic, Indian and Western Pacific Oceans, and is jointly managed between Japan, Australia and New Zealand under the Convention for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna.22 Commercial catches of Southern Bluefin Tuna are monitored against the 420 tonnes of quota that New Zealand holds. Commercial catch of Southern Bluefin Tuna is included in the non-Quota Management System table.

The non-Quota Management System species are included in the table at a species level and not at an individual stock area level. The main reason for this is that species not included in the QMS are not split into different stock areas.

The majority of the non-Quota Management System species are not assessed (see Table 44).

Non-Quota Management System species made up approximately 15.5 percent of total commercial catch between the fishing years ended September 1996 and September 2000. However, the level of non-Quota Management System species catch has risen as a percentage of total commercial catch from, approximately, 14 percent in 1996 to over 16 percent in 2000.

C.3 Sources and Methods for Recreational, Customary and Illegal Catch

C.3.1 Recreational Catch The Ministry of Fisheries measures recreational catch through surveys. The survey data included in the fish account is from 1996. Survey data corresponds to a calendar year rather than a fishing year, however, the data has been included in the tables in the fishing year ended 1996 because most of the fishing year is covered by the 1996 recreational survey and no other data is available for recreational catch. The exception is for species that have a 1 April to 31 March fishing year. For these species, the majority of the 1997 fishing year (ie year ended March 1997) is in 1996 therefore, the recreational catch data is included in the year ended 1997 column.

During the 1990s, three surveys were undertaken previous to 1996, but each survey only focused on a specific region, rather than nationally.23 Hence a time series of recreational data is not available for most fisheries. The Ministry of Fisheries did not carry out any further recreational surveys between 1996 and 2000. The 2001 survey results are outside the time frame of this particular fish account, but the data will be included in any future accounts.

The 1996 survey was conducted by telephone diary surveys and collected numbers of fish caught. The estimates of the total numbers of fish of various species were then converted to weight using estimates of mean fish weight derived from surveys undertaken at boat ramps.

Not all species had adequate data to produce an estimate of recreational catch. Where data was available it has been included in the tables. Some data for fish numbers was available, but according to the Plenary reports the data was not adequate for the numbers to be converted into weights. Where 0s have been included in the tables for recreational catch it is believed that no

22 Ministry of Fisheries website [www.fish.govt.nz]. 23 South in 1991/92, Central in 1992/93, and North in 1993/94.

18 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

recreational catch takes place for that particular species of fish. Where a double dash (--) appears in the table it represents that the recreational catch is believed to be negligible.

C.3.2 Customary Catch Customary catch data is generally unavailable for all fish species. However, Kaitiaki (individuals or groups that can authorise customary fishing within their rohe moana) are now in place in many areas, and estimates of customary harvest (catch) can be expected in the near future.24

The only data for customary catch that has been included in this fish account is negligible catch for Hoki (see Table 15), and some estimates for Spiny Rock Lobster for 1996 (see Table 6). The data for the Spiny Rock Lobster is in fishing years, and was available from the Ministry of Fisheries Plenary reports.

C.3.3 Illegal Catch Accurate illegal catch data is difficult to obtain and due to the inaccuracy of some of the estimates has not been included in these fish accounts. Most of the illegal catch data included in the fish assessment reports is based on assumptions. For example, for Snapper 1 (SNA1) illegal catch is assumed to be 10 percent of commercial catch since the introduction of Snapper into the Quota Management System.25

C.4 Sources and Methods for Aquaculture

Annual Enterprise Survey data

One potential data source for aquaculture production data is the Annual Enterprise Survey (AES) conducted by Statistics New Zealand. There are questions in the questionnaire that cover production by the aquaculture industry. These questions are the total domestic sales, (in tonnes), and total exports directly by the business, (in tonnes). These two totals when aggregated would, in theory, provide a measure of production.

This data was not used in the fish account, since physical production data was not collected by the AES from 1998 onwards. This is not considered to be a problem, since several years of physical production data for aquaculture is available from the Marine Farming Association.

Marine Farming Association data

The aquaculture data is included in Table 45. These data estimates are collected on a voluntary basis by members of the aquaculture industry and are not from an official survey. The margin of error in the data is unknown.

24 Ministry of Fisheries (2001). “Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 2001”, Ministry of Fisheries, Wellington. 25 Ministry of Fisheries (2001). “Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 2001”, Ministry of Fisheries, Wellington.

19 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

C.5 Sources and Methods for Stock Estimates

All assessments of wild fish stocks are modelled. Each model contains many different parameters that are used to assess such things as biomass and future yield estimates.

All models use information, such as trawl survey results, catch per unit of effort data from commercial fishing, and catch at age statistics. While this data is collected at the best available standard, there is still much estimation and assumption within each fishery model. Each model represents the best attempt at quantifying the natural processes for each stock. The uncertainties are from the data inputs and the assumptions made to approximate the real world. In many cases the data may be contradictory, and judgement is required to weight the various sources of information according to their reliability.26

Not all stocks have estimates of stock volume due to a lack of data, so estimates of annual stock volumes are impossible to calculate. Fisheries models do not always provide good quality information for point estimates of stock volume due to the difficulties in measuring the fish resources in the open sea. Only a few species have stock estimates available.

An alternative to point estimates is to provide ranges of stock volumes. Unfortunately stock volume ranges do not fit well into an accounting framework. Also, stock volume ranges are not always available for the various fish species. If ranges were used they would probably be the 90 percent confidence intervals calculated in some models. In some cases, the range can be plus or minus 100 percent of the point estimate.

Stock estimates are subject to historical revisions and may change from one stock assessment to the next. Any change is entirely due to the lack of knowledge and the uncertainty of any particular assessment, rather than the natural variability of stocks.27

Given the uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the data, no stock estimates have been included in this physical stock account for fish.

26 Sullivan K J (2001). Letter to author, 22 November. 27 Sullivan K J (2002). Letter to author, 28 March.

20 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

D. Future Developments

There are areas within the existing physical stock account that need to be refined or improved. Most of these improvements apply to data availability and data accuracy. While these future developments and improvements are desirable to complete a physical stock account for fish, the required information may never become available.

D.1 The Ideal Physical Stock Account

Should complete data become available for a fish physical stock account the structure of the account would be an expanded version of the tables presented in this document. The ideal physical stock account structure is detailed in the following text.

The structure of a physical stock account works like a balance sheet. The account begins with opening stocks to which additions are added and disposals are subtracted. These changes between the opening and closing stock levels are a result of both human intervention and natural changes. Additions include natural growth and cultivated growth, while disposals include catch (commercial, recreational, customary and illegal), and natural death. Other changes, which may be additions or disposals, can include fishing related mortality, such as fish not caught but damaged by vessels and fishing gear, and natural events.

Example format of an ideal physical stock table

Non-cultivated (or cultivated) Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Opening stock levels Increases in stocks (+) Due to natural growth Decreases in stocks (-) Commercial Catch (-) Recreational (-) Customary (-) Illegal (-) Due to regular natural processes (death) (-) Due to fishing related mortality Balancing item Closing stock levels

Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) Total Allowable Catch (TAC)

21 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

D.1.1 Row Definitions Opening stock levels

Ideally, the opening (and closing) stock estimates would be point estimates. Stock estimates are calculated in the assessment models to assist decisions regarding allowable catch levels at the start of each fishing year. Therefore, theoretically, the stock assessment estimates (in tonnes) could be used as the opening stock levels.

Increases in stocks

Due to natural growth: the growth of fish, either in the wild or in a farm (in tonnes).

Decreases in stocks

Commercial catch / harvesting: the removal of fish for economic reasons (in tonnes).

Recreational catch: the removal of fish for recreation or sport (in tonnes).

Customary catch: the removal of fish due to an established cultural right, for consumption. Customary catch cannot be traded or sold (in tonnes.)

Illegal catch: this includes (in tonnes): • the removal of fish under the legal size • fish that are not permitted to be caught • fish that are caught without a permit • catch beyond that allowed commercially by the Quota Management System without any intent to buy or lease quota or a portion of the Annual Catch Entitlement.

Due to regular natural processes (death): The death of fish either in the wild or on a fish farm that was caused by natural circumstances such as old age, disease and predation by other species (in tonnes).

Due to fishing related mortality: the death of a fish caused by fishing processes where the fish is either returned to the water and dies from handling, or is discarded after death (in tonnes).

Balancing item: this would include all the stock change categories in the tables for which there are no estimates (in tonnes). It could also be used to balance any inconsistencies between the stock change and the stock level.

Closing stock levels

Ideally, the (opening and) closing stock estimates would be point estimates. The closing stock level would be the same as the opening stock level of the following year (in tonnes) (see the opening stock level comments).

Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC)

The Total Allowable Commercial Catch as determined by the Minister of Fisheries at the start of the fishing year (either 1 October or 1 April in most cases) (in tonnes).

22 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Total Allowable Catch (TAC)

The Total Allowable Catch that includes commercial, customary and recreational catch as determined by the Minister of Fisheries at the start of the fishing year (either 1 October or 1 April in most cases) (in tonnes).

For column definitions refer to section B.2.2, page 13.

D.2 Specific Data Requirements

D.2.1 Stock Estimates It is unlikely that physical stock estimates for all fish species commercially fished in New Zealand will ever be available. The difficulties obtaining data for all species is attributable to the problems fisheries scientists have in accurately measuring and modelling fish stocks in the open sea.

One improvement that could be useful would be the inclusion of confidence intervals and margins of error for stock estimates. Currently, they are not readily available. This is partially because biomass estimates are not the prime output of the fish assessment models.

D.2.2 Natural Mortality and Natural Growth Natural mortality and natural growth estimates are not currently available for inclusion in the stock tables. However, this data may be available from fisheries assessment models, and this is one area that could be explored if compilation of a fish stock account is ever repeated. Natural mortality and growth are generally known or assumed for the assessed stocks. Both are a basic requirement for a stock assessment.

D.2.3 Recreational and Customary Catch Improvement in availability of recreational and customary catch data is necessary to aid the explanation of stock changes.

D.2.3.1 Recreational Catch

A recreational survey was carried out in 2001, but was outside the time frame of this fish account. The data from that survey should provide more information regarding the recreational catch for the 2000/01 fishing year. Recreational fishing surveys are not undertaken on an annual basis, which is the ideal time interval for the fish accounts, but are done four yearly by the Ministry of Fisheries. However, the Minister of Fisheries has recently asked the Ministry of Fisheries to develop a strategy for improved information on recreational fisheries, which should aid the future development of the fish account by providing more or better data.28

28 Ministry of Fisheries press release from the website. “Improved data to inform recreational marine fishing decisions” [Online] Available: http://www.fish.govt.nz/current/press/pr291101.htm [29 November 2001].

23 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

D.2.3.2 Customary Catch

Very limited customary catch data is currently available. Any data that was available within the time frame of this fish account was included. Over time, customary catch data should become available from the Ministry of Fisheries as a result of the implementation of the customary regulations and resulting reporting requirements.29

D.2.4 Aquaculture

Aquaculture has the least coverage of physical data. The data included in the account includes estimates from voluntary statistics collected by the Marine Farming Association. The only official survey of aquaculture statistics collects financial information only.30 Development of an official survey of aquaculture could potentially improve the detail and quality of aquaculture harvest/production statistics.

In theory stock data for aquaculture should be easily measurable, as all the stocks are confined to particular areas and in controlled environments. Stock data is necessary for the compilation of a physical stock account.

The one official survey that does collect data on the aspects of the aquaculture industry is the Annual Enterprise Survey (AES) undertaken by Statistics New Zealand. As described previously, the survey does not provide physical data on aquaculture. The Annual Enterprise Survey may provide information regarding the financial aspect of the aquaculture industry that could be useful if monetary stock and flow accounts for fish are ever compiled.

29 Ministry of Fisheries (2000) “Rock Lobster Plenary Report”, November 2000. 30 Statistics New Zealand (1999) Annual Enterprise Survey.

24 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

E. Glossary

Acoustic surveys (acoustic based assessment): Acoustic techniques are used for surveying spawning areas which form aggregates in known areas, for example, Hoki and Orange Roughy. Sound is transmitted from the towed body, and echoes from fish are recorded and plotted on an echogram. The data are then scaled up to calculated total biomass over the survey area.

Annual Catch Entitlement (ACE): Under the 1996 Fisheries Act a new system was introduced in October 2001 called Annual Catch Entitlement. Property right of the quota is separated from the harvesting right. On the first day of each fishing year, Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) generates a harvesting right – ACE. The ownership of ACE will provide the harvesting right, and will be traded quite separately from quota during the fishing year. For example, if a fisher owns 100,000,000 quota shares, having the quota weight equivalent of 10 tonnes of ITQ, those quota shares will generate 10 tonnes of ACE at the beginning of each new fishing year. The ITQ may be traded separately at any time during the fishing year, but has no fishing rights attached to it. New fishing rights will be generated by the ITQ at the beginning of each fishing year. During each year, ACE can be used to balance catch, satisfy or obtain a remission of deemed value liability or be transferred to the Crown as a part of by-catch trade off.

Biomass: Total living weight of all living organisms in a particular area or habitat.

Catch Per Unit of Effort (CPUE): An index used in fisheries models. Unit of effort is specified, as it is different for different species. For example, CPUE for rock lobster is weight per pot lift.

Cultivated: Also known as ‘produced’. Refers to aquaculture. The growth of such fisheries is under the direct control and responsibility of management.

Depletion: Refers to the reduction in the quantity of a natural resource. For fish, depletion refers to the part of the harvest above the sustainable level of the resource stock. For non-renewable resources, such as minerals, depletion refers to the quantity of resources extracted.

Environmental accounting: Under the SEEA framework this refers to the combination of natural resource accounts, which consists of stock and flow accounts in physical terms, and the monetary valuation of these accounts.

Environmentally adjusted GDP: This is also known as green GDP. The original GDP figure, which measures economic growth, is adjusted to take into account the cost of natural resource depletion and environmental degradation.

Fishmeal: waste product of processed fish.

Greenweight: the weight of a landed fish before the fish is processed ie the whole fish weight. After processing the waste product is recorded as ‘fishmeal’.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): A measure of the total economic activity occurring within the national boundary of a country.

25 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ): The commercial catch is divided among fishers in the form of ITQs. An ITQ permits the holder to catch a specified percentage of the TACC for a particular stock. Many fishing companies and independent fishers buy, sell, or lease their ITQs in the same way property is bought, sold and leased. ITQs are owned in perpetuity unless sold. Provisional quotas were allocated (in 1986) to fishers in proportion to their catch history. To reduce the provisional quotas, so that the total quota issued equalled the desired Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) for each fish stock, the Government had to buy up provisional quotas from commercial fishers by a tender system. Initially, quotas were issued in tonnage, but in 1990 the Government moved to proportional quotas. Quotas are now a percentage of the TACC for each species. ITQs can be set for species outside of the Quota Management System – either by allocating TACC or as competitive TACC. Foreign ownership of ITQs within New Zealand's EEZ is not allowed.

Mataitai Reserves: Fishing areas of traditional importance to Tangata Whenua.

Natural assets: Assets of the natural environment. These consist of biological assets (cultivated or non-cultivated), land and water areas with their ecosystems, subsoil assets and air. Fish are considered biological assets, and may be cultivated or non-cultivated.

Natural resource accounting: An accounting system that deals with stocks and flows of natural assets, comprising biota (produced or wild), subsoil assets (proved reserves), water and land with their aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The term is used frequently in the sense of physical accounting as distinguished from monetary (environmental) accounting. However, the terms natural resource accounting and environmental accounting are often interchangeable.

Non-cultivated natural assets: Naturally occurring assets, such as land and certain uncultivated forests, and deposits of minerals, which are used in production but have not themselves been produced. They can be economic or environmental.

Non-cultivated fish: Also known as nonproduced. These have occurred naturally. The distinction between cultivated and non-cultivated is based on the amount of human intervention.

Quota Management System (QMS): This system has been in place since 1986. Catch limits for each stock are set by the Government and allocated to commercial fishers through individual quotas.

Recruitment: The amount of fish added to the exploitable stock each year due to growth and/or migration into the fishing area. For example, the number of fish that grow to become vulnerable to the fishing gear in one year would be the recruitment to the fishable population that year. This term is also used in referring to the number of fish from a year class reaching a certain age. For example, all fish reaching their second year would be age two recruits. Source: http://www.nefsc.nmfs.gov/techniques/tech_terms.html

Spat: The young, fry or spawn of any fish.

Sustainable yield (Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)): The maximum tonnage of 'surplus' individuals that can be taken from a stock while still leaving a constant population of breeding individuals. It is a production driven approach to fishery management, rather than an ecologically driven one, requiring fish stocks to be kept well below their natural size so that a large number of surplus offspring can be continually generated. In natural fish population relatively few

26 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

youngsters survive to adulthood. This is because food and territory are taken by existing adults. However, when a population has been significantly reduced, the competition for territory and resources is also reduced and many more offspring can survive to adulthood. Because more food is available they can also grow faster, reaching a harvestable population sooner. In nature, fish populations rarely remain at this level. Left to themselves, each year's crop of young adults become 'new recruits' to the breeding population. This causes the stock to expand back up to its natural saturation point where territory and food supplies once again limit survivorship and growth rates. Under fishery management, however, this population recovery process is interrupted by repeated harvesting, thus sustaining the population indefinitely at the MSY level.

System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA): The SEEA was developed by the United Nations Statistical Division as a satellite system to the System of National Accounts (SNA), for the incorporation of environmental concerns (environmental costs, benefits and assets) in the national accounts. The SEEA is intended to be a system with global application and standards suitable for all countries and all aspects of the environment.

System of National Accounts (SNA): An international accounting framework consisting of a coherent, consistent and integrated set of macro-economic accounts, balance sheets and tables based on a set of internationally agreed concepts, definitions, classifications and accounting rules. It provides a comprehensive accounting framework within which economic data can be compiled and presented in a format that is designed for the purposes of economic analysis, and decision and policy making. (System of National Accounts, 1993)

Total Allowable Catch (TAC): Total removals from the stock including: commercial, recreational, Mäori customary, illegals and other mortality caused by fishing.

Total Allowable Commercial Catch (TACC): The total allowable commercial harvest of fish. This is set once per year by the Minister of Fisheries.

27 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

F. Bibliography

Australian Bureau of Statistics (1997). “Fish Account for Australia, 1989/90 – 1996/97”, cat 4607.0, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra.

Annala J H, Sullivan K J, O’Brien C J, and Smith N W McL (Comps.) (2001). “Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 2001: stock assessments and yield estimates”, 515, unpublished report held in the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research library, Wellington.

Ballara S L, Cordue P L, and Livingston M E (2000). “A review of the 1997 – 98 hoki fishery and assessment of hoki stocks for 1999”, New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2000/8, 65.

Breen P A, Starr P J, and Bentley N (2001). “Rock lobster stock assessment for the NSN substock and the combined CRA 4 and CRA 5 areas in 1999” New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2001/7, 73.

Breen P A, NIWA, Bentley N, Trophia, and Starr P J, Starrfish (2001). Letter to author providing information regarding the Rock Lobster stock estimates, 21 November 2001.

Clement and Associates (1998). “New Zealand Commercial Fisheries: the Guide to the Quota Management System”, Clement and Associates Ltd, Tauranga.

Department of Conservation. [Online], Available: www.doc.govt.nz

FishServe [Online], Available: www.fishserve.co.nz

Gilbert D J, McKenzie J R, Davies N M, and Field K D (2000). “Assessment of the SNA 1 stocks for the 1999 – 2000 fishing year” New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2000/38, 52.

Horn P L, Zheng X (2001). “Stock assessment of ling (Genypterus blacodes) around the South Island (Fishstocks LIN 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) for the 2000 – 01 fishing year” New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2001/29, 40.

Office of Hon. Pete Hodgson, MP for Dunedin North. Letter from the Minister of Fisheries, Initial and Final Position Papers for the Review of Sustainability Measures and Other Management Controls for the 2001 – 02 Fishing Year, 24 September 2001.

Ministry for the Environment (1997). “The state of New Zealand’s environment 1997”, Ministry for the Environment in association with GP Publications, Wellington.

Ministry of Fisheries. [Online], Available: www.fish.govt.nz

Seafood Industry Council (SeaFIC). [Online], Available: www.seafood.co.nz

Taylor P R (2001). “Assessment of orange roughy fisheries in southern New Zealand for 2000” New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2001/24, 30.

28 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

United Nations (2000). “System of Environmental and Economic Accounting manual” Draft as at 31 July, [Online], Available: http://www4.statcan.ca/citygrp/london/london.htm [31 July 2000].

29 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Appendix 1: System of Environmental and Economic Accounts Asset Classification

EA.1 Natural Resources

EA.11 Mineral and energy resources EA.111 Fossil fuels (cubic metres, tonnes, tonnes of oil equivalent, joules) EA.112 Metallic minerals (tonnes) EA.113 Non-metallic minerals (tonnes)

EA.12 Soil resources (cubic metres, tonnes) EA.121 Agricultural EA.122 Non-agricultural

EA.13 Water resources (cubic metres) EA.131 Surface water EA.1311 In artificial reservoirs EA.13111 For human use EA.13112 For agricultural use EA.13113 For electric power generation EA.13114 For mixed use EA.1312 In natural waterbodies EA.13121 Lakes EA.13122 Rivers and streams EA.132 Groundwater EA.1321 Aquifers EA.1322 Other groundwater

EA.14 Biological resources EA.141 Timber resources (cubic metres, hectares) EA.1411 Cultivated EA.1412 Non-cultivated EA.142 Crop and plant resources, other than timber (cubic metres, tonnes, number) EA.1421 Cultivated EA.14211 Yielding repeat products (vineyards, orchards, etc) EA.14212 Yielding one-time harvests (crops, etc) EA.1422 Non-cultivated EA.143 Aquatic resources (tonnes, number) EA.1431 Cultivated EA.1432 Non-cultivated EA.144 Animal resources, other than aquatic (number) EA.1441 Cultivated EA.14411 Livestock for breeding purposes EA.14412 Livestock for slaughter EA.1442 Non-cultivated

30 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

EA.2 Land and surface water (hectares)

Of which, recreational land

EA.21 Land underlying buildings and structures EA.211 In urban areas EA.2111 For dwellings EA.2112 For non-residential buildings EA.2113 For transportation and utilities EA.212 Outside urban areas EA.2121 For dwellings EA.21211 Farm EA.21212 Non-farm EA.2122 For non-residential buildings EA.21221 Farm EA.21222 Non-farm EA.2123 For transportation and utilities EA.21231 Roads EA.21232 Railways EA.21233 Electric power grids EA.21234 Pipelines

EA.22 Agricultural land and associated surface water EA.221 Cultivated land EA.2211 For temporary crops Of which, drained Of which, irrigated EA.2212 For permanent plantations Of which, drained Of which, irrigated EA.2213 For kitchen gardens EA.2214 Temporarily fallow land EA.222 Pasture land EA.2221 Improved EA.2222 Natural EA.223 Other agricultural land

EA.23 Wooded land and associated surface water EA.231 Cultivated timber plantations EA.232 Non-cultivated wooded land EA.2321 Previously harvested EA.2322 Not previously harvested

EA.24 Major waterbodies EA.241 Lakes EA.242 Rivers EA.243 Wetlands EA.244 Artificial reservoirs EA.2441 For drinking water EA.2442 For irrigation

31 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

EA.2443 For electric power generation EA.2444 For multiple purposes

EA.25 Other land EA.251 Prairie and grassland EA.252 Tundra EA.253 Sparsely vegetated/Barren land EA.254 Permanent snow and ice

EA.3 Ecosystems

EA.31 Terrestrial ecosystems EA.311 Urban ecosystems EA.312 Agricultural ecosystems EA.313 Forest ecosystems EA.314 Prairie and grassland ecosystems EA.315 Tundra ecosystems EA.316 Dryland ecosystems EA.317 Other terrestrial ecosystems

EA.32 Aquatic ecosystems EA.321 Marine ecosystems EA.322 Coastal ecosystems EA.323 Riverine ecosystems EA.324 Lacustrine ecosystems EA.325 Other aquatic ecosystems

EA.33 Atmospheric systems

EA.M Memorandum item – Intangible environmental assets EA.M1 Mineral exploration EA.M2 Transferable licences and concessions for the exploitation of natural resources EA.M3 Tradable permits allowing the emission of residuals EA.M4 Other intangible non-produced environmental assets

32 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Appendix 2: The Tables

Table 1: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Barracouta

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Barracouta BAR1 Commercial Catch 11,270 11,873 11,543 9,223 10,033 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 9,970 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 Barracouta BAR4 Commercial Catch 2,234 1,081 1,966 459 1,911 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 3,016 3,016 3,016 3,016 3,016 Barracouta BAR5 Commercial Catch 4,324 2,839 6,167 7,302 6,205 Recreational Catch TAC 7,475 7,475 TACC 9,282 9,282 9,282 7,470 7,470 Barracouta BAR7 Commercial Catch 8,613 10,212 8,717 4,427 3,288 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10,925 10,925 10,925 10,925 10,925 BarracoutaBAR10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Barracouta BAR Summary Commercial Catch 26,441 26,005 28,393 21,411 21,436 TACC 33,202 34,233 34,233 32,421 32,421

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

33 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 2: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Blue Cod

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Blue Cod BCO1 Commercial Catch 11.3 13.1 15.9 12.4 14.4 Recreational Catch 17.0 TAC TACC 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.9 44.9 Blue Cod BCO2 Commercial Catch 1.7 1.6 3.6 1.7 1.9 Recreational Catch 81.0 TAC TACC 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 Blue Cod BCO3 Commercial Catch 164.0 160.1 162.9 153.8 165.4 Recreational Catch 151.0 TAC TACC 161.8 161.8 161.8 161.8 161.8 Blue Cod BCO4 Commercial Catch 475.4 462.3 568.8 549.6 503.4 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 757.4 757.4 757.4 757.4 757.4 Blue Cod BCO5 Commercial Catch 1,498.2 1,388.1 1,372.5 1,481.7 1,377.9 Recreational Catch 139.0 TAC TACC 1,535.9 1,535.9 1,535.9 1,535.9 1,535.9 Blue Cod BCO7 Commercial Catch 64.6 71.5 59.7 52.2 27.6 Recreational Catch 239.0 TAC TACC 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 Blue Cod BCO8 Commercial Catch 31.1 37.9 14.6 35.4 29.9 Recreational Catch 79.0 TAC TACC 74.4 74.4 74.4 74.4 74.4 Blue Cod BCO10 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

Blue Cod BCO Summary Commercial Catch 2,246.4 2,134.7 2,198.0 2,286.9 2,120.5 TACC 2,664.7 2,664.7 2,664.7 2,664.7 2,664.7

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

34 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 3: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Bluenose

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Bluenose BNS1 Commercial Catch 676 966 1,020 868 862 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 705 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Bluenose BNS2 Commercial Catch 950 1,098 929 1,004 1,137 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 849 849 873 873 873 Bluenose BNS3 Commercial Catch 513 542 444 729 566 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 357 357 357 357 357 Bluenose BNS7 Commercial Catch 140 148 125 128 114 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 150 150 150 150 150 Bluenose BNS8 Commercial Catch 70 86 67 46 55 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 100 100 100 100 100 Bluenose BNS10E Commercial Catch 10 30 2 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Bluenose BNS Summary Commercial Catch 2,349 2,850 2,614 2,777 2,734 TACC 2,170 2,466 2,490 2,490 2,490

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

35 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 4: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Alfonsino

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Alfonsino BYX1 Commercial Catch 10.72 39.25 14.42 37.16 24.50 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 31.30 31.30 31.30 31.30 31.30 Alfonsino BYX2 Commercial Catch 1,868.81 1,854.12 1,651.74 1,658.43 1,856.88 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 1,569.20 1,569.20 1,574.80 1,574.80 1,574.80 Alfonsino BYX3 Commercial Catch 976.93 983.12 1,164.22 911.91 742.54 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 1,010.40 1,010.40 1,010.40 1,010.40 1,010.40 Alfonsino BYX7 Commercial Catch 65.69 76.54 67.30 13.27 23.91 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 80.50 80.50 80.50 80.50 80.50 Alfonsino BYX8 Commercial Catch 0.11 0.13 0.10 3.42 0.04 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 Alfonsino BYX10 Commercial Catch 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Alfonsino BYX Summary Commercial Catch 2,922.26 2,953.15 2,897.78 2,624.19 2,647.86 TACC 2,721.40 2,721.40 2,727.00 2,727.00 2,727.00

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

36 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 5: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Cardinalfish

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Cardinal Fish CDL1 Commercial Catch 23.829 980.493 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC TACC 1,200.000 Cardinal Fish CDL2 Commercial Catch 1,268.815 2,157.694 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC TACC 2,223.000 2,223.000 Cardinal Fish CDL3 Commercial Catch 181.244 214.684 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC TACC 196.000 196.000 Cardinal Fish CDL4 Commercial Catch 41.192 35.948 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC TACC 5.000 5.000 Cardinal Fish CDL5 Commercial Catch 0.247 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC TACC 2.000 2.000 Cardinal Fish CDL6 Commercial Catch 0.052 0.202 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC TACC 1.000 1.000 Cardinal Fish CDL7 Commercial Catch 15.939 26.578 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC 39.000 39.000 TACC 39.000 39.000 Cardinal Fish CDL8 Commercial Catch 0.001 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC 0.000 0.000 TACC Cardinal Fish CDL9 Commercial Catch 0.001 0.108 Recreational Catch 0.000 0.000 TAC 4.000 TACC 4.000

Cardinal Fish CDL Summary Commercial Catch 1,531.073 3,415.954 TACC 2,466.000 3,670.000

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch Shaded area represents time before species was included in the QMS. Refer to non-QMS tables for catch volumes.

37 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 6: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Rock Lobster

(Fishing year is 1 April - 31 March, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code March (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA1 Commercial Catch 126.724 129.403 129.308 128.660 125.742 Recreational Catch 51.000 Customary Catch 2.000 TAC TACC 130.463 130.463 130.463 130.463 130.463 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA2 Commercial Catch 212.457 213.161 234.416 232.323 235.092 Recreational Catch 138.000 Customary Catch 16.500 TAC 452.600 452.600 452.600 TACC 214.621 214.621 236.083 236.083 236.083 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA3 Commercial Catch 156.875 203.546 223.401 325.706 326.066 Customary Catch TAC 453.000 453.000 TACC 163.916 204.895 224.895 327.000 327.000 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA4 Commercial Catch 487.216 493.584 490.420 493.257 576.473 Recreational Catch 73.000 TAC 771.000 TACC 495.689 495.689 495.689 495.689 576.000 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA5 Commercial Catch 297.607 300.293 299.588 298.164 349.492 Recreational Catch 35.000 TAC 467.000 TACC 303.743 303.743 303.743 303.743 350.000 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA6 Commercial Catch 315.340 378.144 338.671 334.244 322.357 Recreational Catch TAC 370.000 370.000 TACC 530.590 530.590 400.000 360.000 360.000 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA7 Commercial Catch 81.298 62.893 35.990 58.619 56.461 Recreational Catch TAC 131.000 TACC 138.925 138.925 138.925 138.925 111.000 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA8 Commercial Catch 825.646 862.421 785.649 808.132 709.808 Recreational Catch 16.000 Customary Catch 0.200 TAC 798.000 TACC 888.092 888.092 888.092 888.092 711.000 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA9 Commercial Catch 45.407 46.942 46.729 46.890 46.994 Recreational Catch Customary Catch 2.000 TAC TACC 47.008 47.008 47.008 47.008 47.008 Spiny Rock Lobster CRA10 Commercial Catch 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.086 0.086

Packhorse Rock Lobster PHC1 Commercial Catch 23.817 16.911 16.248 16.206 12.632 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 40.300 40.300 40.300 40.300 40.300

Rock Lobster (Total) Summary Commercial Catch 2,572.387 2,707.298 2,600.420 2,742.201 2,761.117 TACC 2,953.433 2,994.412 2,905.284 2,967.389 2,888.940

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

38 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 7: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Elephantfish

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Elephant Fish ELE1 Commercial Catch 0.24 0.15 0.47 0.04 0.02 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.10 10.10 10.10 10.10 10.10 Elephant Fish ELE2 Commercial Catch 7.02 9.01 11.60 9.33 6.34 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 21.60 21.60 21.60 21.60 21.60 Elephant Fish ELE3 Commercial Catch 687.07 733.93 909.99 841.36 950.26 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 Elephant Fish ELE5 Commercial Catch 72.61 74.47 94.85 133.89 104.86 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 71.30 71.30 71.30 71.30 71.30 Elephant Fish ELE7 Commercial Catch 93.50 95.80 65.63 117.31 86.65 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 101.80 101.80 101.80 101.80 101.80 Elephant Fish ELE10 Commercial Catch 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Elephant Fish ELE Summary Commercial Catch 860.43 913.37 1,082.54 1,101.92 1,148.13 TACC 714.80 714.80 714.80 714.80 714.80

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

39 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 8: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Mixed Flats

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Mixed Flats FLA1 Commercial Catch 632 743 728 703 752 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 1,187 1,187 1,187 1,187 1,187 Mixed Flats FLA2 Commercial Catch 482 363 559 274 212 Recreational Catch 24 TAC TACC 726 726 726 726 726 Mixed Flats FLA3 Commercial Catch 2,319 2,592 2,351 1,907 1,583 Recreational Catch 40 TAC TACC 2,682 2,682 2,682 2,682 2,682 Mixed Flats FLA4 Commercial Catch Recreational Catch 16 TAC TACC Mixed Flats FLA7 Commercial Catch 1,163 1,123 1,020 868 420 Recreational Catch 110 TAC TACC 2,066 2,066 2,066 2,066 2,066 Mixed Flats FLA10 Commercial Catch 1 0 0 0 0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Mixed Flats FLA Summary Commercial Catch 4,598 4,821 4,657 3,752 2,967 TACC 6,670 6,670 6,670 6,670 6,670

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

40 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 9: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Frostfish

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Frostfish FRO1 Commercial Catch 146.39 84.25 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 149.00 149.00 Frostfish FRO2 Commercial Catch 134.23 161.11 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 20.00 20.00 Frostfish FRO3 Commercial Catch 39.17 97.02 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 128.00 128.00 Frostfish FRO4 Commercial Catch 0.20 0.83 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 5.00 5.00 Frostfish FRO5 Commercial Catch 18.76 57.11 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 135.00 135.00 Frostfish FRO6 Commercial Catch 0.24 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 11.00 11.00 Frostfish FRO7 Commercial Catch 2,460.95 917.37 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 2,623.00 2,623.00 Frostfish FRO8 Commercial Catch 155.82 28.28 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 649.00 649.00 Frostfish FRO9 Commercial Catch 32.88 47.55 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC 138.00 138.00 Frostfish FRO10 Commercial Catch 0.00 0.00 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC

Frostfish FRO Summary Commercial Catch 2,988.39 1,393.75 TACC 3,858.00 3,858.00

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch -- Represents negligible catch Shaded area represents time before species was included in the QMS. Refer to non-QMS tables for catch volumes.

41 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 10: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Grey Mullet

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Grey Mullet GMU1 Commercial Catch 879.66 871.61 734.33 754.43 750.20 Recreational Catch 106.00 TAC 1,125.00 1,125.00 TACC 1,005.70 1,005.70 1,005.70 925.00 925.00 Grey Mullet GMU2 Commercial Catch 0.06 0.28 0.19 0.33 0.98 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 20.10 20.10 20.10 20.10 20.10 Grey Mullet GMU3 Commercial Catch 0.00 1.46 0.05 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 Grey Mullet GMU7 Commercial Catch 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.05 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 Grey Mullet GMU10 Commercial Catch 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Grey Mullet GMU Summary Commercial Catch 879.72 873.43 734.57 754.76 751.22 TACC 1,085.80 1,085.80 1,085.80 1,005.10 1,005.10

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

42 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 11: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Ghostshark

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Ghost Shark GSH1 Commercial Catch 18 16 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 10 10 TACC 10 10 Ghost Shark GSH2 Commercial Catch 60 51 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 33 33 TACC 33 33 Ghost Shark GSH3 Commercial Catch 950 938 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 1,185 1,185 TACC 1,185 1,185 Ghost Shark GSH4 Commercial Catch 318 173 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 370 370 TACC 370 370 Ghost Shark GSH5 Commercial Catch 65 71 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 109 109 TACC 109 109 Ghost Shark GSH6 Commercial Catch 110 117 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 95 95 TACC 95 95 Ghost Shark GSH7 Commercial Catch 409 466 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 1,121 1,121 TACC 1,121 1,121 Ghost Shark GSH8 Commercial Catch 7 19 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 12 12 TACC 12 12

43 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 11 (Continued): Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Ghostshark

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Ghost Shark GSH9 Commercial Catch 22 25 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 8 8 TACC 8 8 Ghost Shark GSH10 Commercial Catch 0 0 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC TACC

Ghost Shark GSH Summary Commercial Catch 1,959 1,876 TACC 2,943 2,943

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch -- Represents negligible catch Shaded area represents time before species was included in the QMS. Refer to non-QMS tables for catch volumes.

Table 12: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Pale Ghostshark

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Pale Ghost Shark GSP1 Commercial Catch 577 Recreational Catch -- TAC 509 TACC 509 Pale Ghost Shark GSP5 Commercial Catch 216 Recreational Catch -- TAC 118 TACC 118 Pale Ghost Shark GSP7 Commercial Catch 35 Recreational Catch -- TAC 176 TACC 176

Pale Ghost Shark GSP Summary Commercial Catch 828 TACC 803

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch -- Represents negligible catch Shaded area represents time before species was included in the QMS. Refer to non-QMS tables for catch volumes.

44 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 13: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Gurnard

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Gurnard GUR1 Commercial Catch 1,163 1,055 1,018 927 944 Recreational Catch 108 TAC TACC 2,287 2,287 2,287 2,287 2,287 Gurnard GUR2 Commercial Catch 567 503 483 469 522 Recreational Catch 16 TAC TACC 725 725 725 725 725 Gurnard GUR3 Commercial Catch 635 641 476 396 410 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 601 900 900 900 900 Gurnard GUR7 Commercial Catch 381 378 313 324 331 Recreational Catch 12 TAC 758 758 758 TACC 815 815 678 678 678 Gurnard GUR8 Commercial Catch 182 219 253 170 222 Recreational Catch 28 TAC TACC 543 543 543 543 543 Gurnard GUR10 Commercial Catch 0 0 0 0 0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Gurnard GUR Summary Commercial Catch 2,928 2,797 2,542 2,286 2,429 TACC 4,982 5,280 5,143 5,143 5,143

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

45 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 14: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Hake

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Hake HAK1 Commercial Catch 3,956 3,534 3,809 3,845 3,899 Recreational Catch ------TAC TACC 3,632 3,632 3,632 3,632 3,632 Hake HAK4 Commercial Catch 3,466 3,524 3,523 3,324 2,803 Recreational Catch ------TAC TACC 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 Hake HAK7 Commercial Catch 8,678 6,118 7,416 8,165 6,898 Recreational Catch ------TAC TACC 6,855 6,855 6,855 6,855 6,855 Hake HAK10 Commercial Catch 0 0 0 0 0 Recreational Catch ------TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Hake HAK Summary Commercial Catch 16,100 13,176 14,749 15,333 13,599 TACC 13,997 13,997 13,997 13,997 13,997

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch -- Represents negligible catch

46 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 15: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Hoki

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Hoki HOK1 Commercial Catch 209,639 246,754 269,232 244,527 242,420 Recreational Catch ------Customary Catch ------TAC 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 TACC 240,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 250,000 Hoki HOK10 Commercial Catch 0 0 0 0 0 Recreational Catch ------TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Hoki HOK Summary Commercial Catch 209,639 246,754 269,232 244,527 242,420 TACC 240,010 250,010 250,010 250,010 250,010

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch -- Represents negligible catch

47 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 16: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Hapuku/Bass/Groper

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calender years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB1 Commercial Catch 335 332 375 434 471 Recreational Catch 49 TAC TACC 481 481 481 481 481 Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB2 Commercial Catch 220 236 261 256 229 Recreational Catch 100 TAC TACC 264 264 266 266 266 Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB3 Commercial Catch 321 301 329 348 385 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 335 335 335 335 335 Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB4 Commercial Catch 169 131 88 122 65 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 323 323 323 323 323 Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB5 Commercial Catch 145 152 91 99 169 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 451 451 451 451 451 Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB7 Commercial Catch 215 189 149 218 165 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 236 236 236 236 236 Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB8 Commercial Catch 78 71 60 78 65 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 80 80 80 80 80 Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB10 Commercial Catch 0 17 33 3 0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Hapuku/Bass/Groper HPB Summary Commercial Catch 1,483 1,430 1,387 1,557 1,549 TACC 2,179 2,179 2,181 2,181 2,181

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

48 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 17: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - John Dory

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 John Dory JDO1 Commercial Catch 696.5 688.6 650.8 673.8 519.3 Recreational Catch 87.0 TAC TACC 704.0 704.0 704.0 704.0 704.0 John Dory JDO2 Commercial Catch 139.3 139.9 134.4 182.3 235.3 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 269.5 269.5 269.5 269.5 269.5 John Dory JDO3 Commercial Catch 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.9 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9 31.9 John Dory JDO7 Commercial Catch 42.5 35.1 25.9 33.9 71.1 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 91.3 91.3 91.3 91.3 91.3 John Dory JDO10 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

John Dory JDO Summary Commercial Catch 878.7 863.8 811.2 890.4 826.7 TACC 1,106.7 1,106.7 1,106.7 1,106.7 1,106.7

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

49 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 18: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Jack Mackerel

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Jack Mackerel JMA1 Commercial Catch 6,874 6,912 7,695 5,642 2,865 Recreational Catch 22 TAC TACC 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Jack Mackerel JMA3 Commercial Catch 19,803 15,688 15,452 15,111 10,306 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 Jack Mackerel JMA7 Commercial Catch 12,270 12,056 14,293 13,629 7,889 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 32,537 32,537 32,537 32,537 32,537 Jack MackerelJMA7Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Jack Mackerel JMA Summary Commercial Catch 38,948 34,656 37,440 34,381 21,060 TACC 32,547 60,547 60,547 60,547 60,547

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

50 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 19: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Ling

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Ling LIN1 Commercial Catch 245 313 303 208 313 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 265 265 265 265 265 Ling LIN2 Commercial Catch 1,051 1,187 1,032 1,070 983 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 980 980 982 982 982 Ling LIN3 Commercial Catch 2,962 2,976 2,916 2,706 2,779 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 2,810 2,810 2,810 2,810 2,810 Ling LIN4 Commercial Catch 4,632 4,087 5,215 4,642 4,402 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 5,720 5,720 5,720 5,720 5,720 Ling LIN5 Commercial Catch 3,137 3,438 3,321 2,937 3,136 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 3,001 3,001 3,001 3,001 3,001 Ling LIN6 Commercial Catch 6,341 7,510 7,331 6,112 6,707 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 7,100 7,100 7,100 7,100 7,100 Ling LIN7&8 Commercial Catch 3,103 3,024 3,027 3,345 3,274 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 2,225 2,225 2,225 2,225 2,225 LingLIN10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Ling LIN Summary Commercial Catch 21,471 22,535 23,145 21,019 21,594 TACC 22,111 22,111 22,113 22,113 22,113

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

51 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 20: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Blue Moki

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Blue Moki MOK1 Commercial Catch 436.3 409.3 416.3 470.3 383.3 Recreational Catch 93.0 TAC TACC 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 400.0 Blue Moki MOK3 Commercial Catch 90.7 66.2 78.3 75.3 56.4 Recreational Catch 24.0 TAC TACC 126.4 126.4 126.4 126.4 126.4 Blue Moki MOK4 Commercial Catch 1.1 1.8 2.7 0.8 1.1 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 24.5 Blue Moki MOK5 Commercial Catch 2.9 3.3 2.1 3.8 5.2 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 43.2 43.2 43.2 43.2 43.2 Blue Moki MOK10 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

Blue Moki MOK Summary Commercial Catch 530.9 480.5 499.5 550.1 445.9 TACC 604.1 604.1 604.1 604.1 604.1

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

52 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 21: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Oreo Dorie

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Oreo Dorie OEO1 Commercial Catch 4,788 5,181 2,681 4,102 3,711 Recreational Catch 0 0 0 0 0 TAC 5,033 5,033 TACC 6,044 6,044 6,044 5,033 5,033 Oreo Dorie OEO3A Commercial Catch 7,871 6,991 6,336 5,763 5,859 Recreational Catch 0 0 0 0 0 TAC 6,600 6,600 6,600 5,900 TACC 10,106 6,600 6,600 6,600 5,900 Oreo Dorie OEO4 Commercial Catch 6,806 6,962 7,010 6,931 7,034 Recreational Catch 0 0 0 0 0 TAC TACC 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 Oreo Dorie OEO6 Commercial Catch 4,435 5,645 5,222 5,287 5,914 Recreational Catch 0 0 0 0 0 TAC TACC 3,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 Oreo Dorie OEO10 Commercial Catch 0 0 0 0 0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Oreo Dorie OEO Summary Commercial Catch 23,900 24,779 21,249 22,082 22,519 TACC 26,160 25,654 25,654 24,643 23,943

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

53 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 22: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Orange Roughy

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Orange Roughy ORH1 Commercial Catch 964 1,021 511 845 771 Recreational Catch00000 TAC TACC 1,190 1,190 1,190 1,190 1,190 Orange Roughy ORH2A Commercial Catch 4,279 3,753 3,827 3,335 3,122 Recreational Catch00000 TAC 3,949 3,949 TACC 4,261 4,261 4,261 3,761 3,761 Orange Roughy ORH2B Commercial Catch 245 268 254 257 234 Recreational Catch00000 TAC TACC 259 259 259 259 259 Orange Roughy ORH3A Commercial Catch 619 577 570 582 617 Recreational Catch00000 TAC TACC 580 580 580 580 580 Orange Roughy ORH7A Commercial Catch 1,669 1,308 1,502 1,249 629 Recreational Catch00000 TAC 1,500 1,500 TACC 1,900 1,900 1,900 1,425 1,425 Orange Roughy ORH7B Commercial Catch 446 425 330 405 284 Recreational Catch00000 TAC 430 430 430 430 TACC 430 430 430 430 430 Orange RoughyORH10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Orange Roughy ORH Summary Commercial Catch 20,781 16,611 16,634 16,045 14,321 TACC 21,330 21,330 21,330 20,355 20,355

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

54 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 23: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Oysters

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Dredge Oyster OYS7 Commercial Catch 572 447 456 335 132 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 505 505 505 505 Foveaux Oysters OYU5 Commercial Catch 14,428 14,940 14,965 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 14,950 14,950

Total Oysters Summary Commercial Catch 572 447 14,884 15,275 15,097 TACC 0 505 505 15,455 15,455

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

55 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 24: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Paua

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Paua PAU1 Commercial Catch 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.7 Recreational Catch(1) 15.0 TAC TACC 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Paua PAU2 Commercial Catch 121.9 120.6 123.4 116.5 123.1 Recreational Catch(1) 55.5 TAC TACC 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 Paua PAU3 Commercial Catch 93.1 88.7 93.9 92.5 90.3 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 91.6 91.6 91.6 91.6 91.6 Paua PAU4 Commercial Catch 272.1 298.6 296.3 297.9 319.4 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 326.5 326.5 326.5 326.5 326.5

Paua PAU5(2) Recreational Catch(1) 27.5

Paua PAU5A Commercial Catch 138.5 143.8 145.2 147.4 143.9 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 147.7 147.7 149.0 149.0 149.0 Paua PAU5B Commercial Catch 144.7 142.4 145.3 148.5 118.1 Recreational Catch TAC 156.0 TACC 147.7 147.7 149.0 149.0 144.0 Paua PAU5D Commercial Catch 146.8 147.0 148.7 148.7 147.9 Recreational Catch(3) 22.5 TAC TACC 147.7 147.7 149.0 149.0 149.0

(1) The 1996 recreational catch value represents the midpoint of a range. For PAU1 the range is 10 - 20 tonnes. For PAU2 the range is 45 - 65 tonnes. For PAU5 the range is 20 - 35 tonnes. (2) PAU5 was split into PAU5A, PAU5B and PAU5D on 1 October 1995. (3) Paua 5D has a recreational catch value for 1997 due to sufficient diary survey data.

56 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 24 (Continued): Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Paua

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Paua PAU6 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.1 1.0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Paua PAU7 Commercial Catch 261.2 260.1 259.0 265.1 264.6 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 267.5 267.5 267.5 267.5 267.5 Paua PAU10 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Paua PAU Summary Commercial Catch 1,179.3 1,202.6 1,213.2 1,217.8 1,209.0 TACC 1,253.7 1,253.7 1,257.7 1,257.7 1,252.7

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

57 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 25: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Ruby Fish

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Ruby Fish RBY1 Commercial Catch 54.8 138.4 Recreational Catch TAC 111.0 111.0 TACC 109.0 109.0 Ruby Fish RBY2 Commercial Catch 180.2 326.0 Recreational Catch TAC 435.0 435.0 TACC 433.0 433.0 Ruby Fish RBY3 Commercial Catch 0.2 6.4 Recreational Catch TAC 3.0 3.0 TACC 3.0 3.0 Ruby Fish RBY4 Commercial Catch 0.8 0.2 Recreational Catch TAC 3.0 3.0 TACC 3.0 3.0 Ruby Fish RBY5 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.0 Recreational Catch TAC 0.0 0.0 TACC Ruby Fish RBY7 Commercial Catch 3.9 13.0 Recreational Catch TAC 27.0 27.0 TACC 27.0 27.0 Ruby Fish RBY8 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.1 Recreational Catch TAC 1.0 1.0 TACC 1.0 1.0 Ruby Fish RBY9 Commercial Catch 7.3 14.7 Recreational Catch TAC 19.0 19.0 TACC 19.0 19.0

Ruby Fish RBY Summary Commercial Catch 247.3 498.9 TACC 595.0 595.0

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch Shaded area represents time before species was included in the QMS. Refer to non-QMS tables for catch volumes.

58 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 26: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Red Cod

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Red Cod RCO1 Commercial Catch 28 42 22 10 3 Recreational Catch 11 TAC TACC 42 42 42 42 42 Red Cod RCO2 Commercial Catch 587 396 192 282 130 Recreational Catch 92 TAC TACC 500 500 500 500 500 Red Cod RCO3 Commercial Catch 11,044 10,056 9,971 13,919 4,824 Recreational Catch 103 TAC TACC 12,389 12,389 12,389 12,389 12,389 Red Cod RCO7 Commercial Catch 3,723 3,725 2,700 2,055 632 Recreational Catch 40 TAC TACC 3,125 3,125 3,125 3,125 3,125 Red CodRCO10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Red Cod RCO Summary Commercial Catch 15,382 14,218 12,885 16,267 5,589 TACC 16,066 16,066 16,066 16,066 16,066

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

59 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 27: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Ribaldo

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Ribaldo RIB1 Commercial Catch 24 22 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 121 121 TACC 121 121 Ribaldo RIB2 Commercial Catch 57 89 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 176 176 TACC 176 176 Ribaldo RIB3 Commercial Catch 161 264 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 394 394 TACC 394 394 Ribaldo RIB4 Commercial Catch 290 347 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 357 357 TACC 357 357 Ribaldo RIB5 Commercial Catch 71 80 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 52 52 TACC 52 52 Ribaldo RIB6 Commercial Catch 223 237 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 124 124 TACC 124 124 Ribaldo RIB7 Commercial Catch 244 300 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 55 55 TACC 55 55 Ribaldo RIB8 Commercial Catch 0 0 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 1 1 TACC 1 1 Ribaldo RIB9 Commercial Catch 0 0 Recreational Catch 0 0 TAC 2 2 TACC 2 2

Ribaldo RIB Summary Commercial Catch 1,070 1,340 TACC 1,282 1,282

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch Shaded area represents time before species was included in the QMS. Refer to non-QMS tables for catch volumes.

60 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 28: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Scallops

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Scallops SCA1 Commercial Catch 210 114 136 28 22 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 189 106 106 Scallops SCA7 Commercial Catch 496 238 284 549 678 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 720 720 720 720 720

Scallops SCA Summary Commercial Catch 706 352 420 577 699 TACC 720 720 909 826 826

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

61 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 29: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - School Shark

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 School Shark SCH1 Commercial Catch 802 791 764 784 820 Recreational Catch 46 TAC TACC 668 668 668 668 668 School Shark SCH2 Commercial Catch 214 228 214 275 250 Recreational Catch 16 TAC TACC 199 199 199 199 199 School Shark SCH3 Commercial Catch 296 290 270 335 343 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 322 322 322 322 322 School Shark SCH4 Commercial Catch 229 179 126 106 97 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 239 239 239 239 239 School Shark SCH5 Commercial Catch 714 662 623 714 706 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 694 694 694 694 694 School Shark SCH7 Commercial Catch 636 543 473 682 639 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 534 534 534 534 534 School Shark SCH8 Commercial Catch 521 459 446 533 469 Recreational Catch 21 TAC TACC 441 441 441 441 441 School SharkSCH10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

School Shark SCH Summary Commercial Catch 3,412 3,152 2,917 3,429 3,324 TACC 3,105 3,105 3,106 3,106 3,106

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

62 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 30: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Gemfish

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Gemfish SKI1 Commercial Catch 801 965 627 413 409 Recreational Catch TAC 753 468 468 TACC 1,152 1,152 752 460 460 Gemfish SKI2 Commercial Catch 793 978 671 336 509 Recreational Catch TAC 850 850 TACC 1,300 1,300 849 520 520 Gemfish SKI3 Commercial Catch 49 58 27 17 62 Recreational Catch TAC 300 300 300 TACC 3,355 1,500 300 300 300 Gemfish SKI7 Commercial Catch 81 238 44 59 107 Recreational Catch TAC 300 300 300 TACC 1,663 900 300 300 300 GemfishSKI10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Gemfish SKI Summary Commercial Catch 1,723 2,239 1,368 824 1,087 TACC 7,480 4,862 2,211 1,590 1,590

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

63 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 31: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks – Snapper

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Snapper SNA1 Commercial Catch 4,938.20 5,047.45 4,525.06 4,411.57 4,508.90 Recreational Catch 2,322.00 TAC 7,550.00 7,550.00 7,550.00 TACC 4,938.20 4,938.20 4,500.00 4,500.00 4,500.00 Snapper SNA2 Commercial Catch 279.58 350.92 286.12 283.45 390.11 Recreational Catch 40.00 TAC TACC 252.30 252.30 252.30 252.30 252.30 Snapper SNA3 Commercial Catch 0.02 0.01 0.84 2.44 0.02 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 32.30 Snapper SNA7 Commercial Catch 145.71 161.87 182.21 142.02 174.01 Recreational Catch 177.00 TAC 306.00 306.00 306.00 TACC 160.30 160.30 200.00 200.00 200.00 Snapper SNA8 Commercial Catch 1,558.32 1,613.47 1,589.24 1,636.32 1,604.26 Recreational Catch 236.00 TAC 2,060.00 2,060.00 TACC 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 1,500.00 Snapper SNA10 Commercial Catch 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Snapper SNA Summary Commercial Catch 6,921.84 7,173.72 6,583.46 6,475.80 6,677.30 TACC 6,893.10 6,893.10 6,494.60 6,494.60 6,494.60

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

64 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 32: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Sea Perch

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Sea Perch SPE1 Commercial Catch 20.8 26.7 Recreational Catch TAC 20.0 20.0 TACC 18.0 18.0 Sea Perch SPE2 Commercial Catch 78.9 82.4 Recreational Catch TAC 93.0 93.0 TACC 79.0 79.0 Sea Perch SPE3 Commercial Catch 902.8 862.1 Recreational Catch TAC 1,022.0 1,022.0 TACC 738.0 738.0 Sea Perch SPE4 Commercial Catch 874.8 820.7 Recreational Catch TAC 533.0 533.0 TACC 533.0 533.0 Sea Perch SPE5 Commercial Catch 26.0 24.4 Recreational Catch TAC 38.0 38.0 TACC 36.0 36.0 Sea Perch SPE6 Commercial Catch 1.4 3.1 Recreational Catch TAC 9.0 9.0 TACC 9.0 9.0 Sea Perch SPE7 Commercial Catch 108.6 79.8 Recreational Catch TAC 98.0 98.0 TACC 82.0 82.0 Sea Perch SPE8 Commercial Catch 0.7 2.0 Recreational Catch TAC 21.0 21.0 TACC 15.0 15.0 Sea Perch SPE9 Commercial Catch 1.5 5.1 Recreational Catch TAC 8.0 8.0 TACC 6.0 6.0

Sea Perch SPE Summary Commercial Catch 2,015.5 1,906.3 TACC 1,516.0 1,516.0

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

65 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 33: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Rig

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Rig SPO1 Commercial Catch 602 684 621 564 608 Recreational Catch 35 TAC 737 737 737 TACC 829 829 692 692 692 Rig SPO2 Commercial Catch 108 99 85 87 87 Recreational Catch TAC 97 97 97 TACC 86 86 72 72 72 Rig SPO3 Commercial Catch 410 434 442 422 427 Recreational Catch 15 TAC TACC 454 454 454 454 454 Rig SPO7 Commercial Catch 400 398 325 337 330 Recreational Catch 24 TAC TACC 350 350 350 350 350 Rig SPO8 Commercial Catch 330 277 287 234 219 Recreational Catch TAC 401 401 401 TACC 370 370 310 310 310 RigSPO10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Rig SPO Summary Commercial Catch 1,849 1,892 1,760 1,644 1,672 TACC 2,098 2,098 1,888 1,888 1,888

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

66 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 34: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Squid

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Squid SQU1J Commercial Catch 30,828 20,940 9,329 3,240 1,457 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 49,891 49,891 49,891 49,891 49,891 Squid SQU1T Commercial Catch 17,806 24,769 28,687 23,362 13,049 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 42,741 42,741 42,741 44,741 44,741 Squid SQU6T Commercial Catch 14,752 19,843 7,344 950 6,241 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 30,369 30,369 30,369 32,369 32,369 SquidSQU10TCommercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Squid SQU Summary Commercial Catch 63,386 65,552 45,359 27,552 20,746 TACC 123,011 123,011 123,011 127,011 127,011

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

67 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 35: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Stargazer

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Stargazer STA1 Commercial Catch 16.8 21.7 28.5 26.6 35.5 Recreational Catch TAC 21.0 21.0 21.0 TACC 50.0 50.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 Stargazer STA2 Commercial Catch 68.6 77.4 54.0 45.7 41.6 Recreational Catch TAC 38.0 38.0 38.0 TACC 101.0 101.0 38.0 38.0 38.0 Stargazer STA3 Commercial Catch 876.9 816.6 666.0 641.7 719.0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 901.6 901.6 901.6 901.6 901.6 Stargazer STA4 Commercial Catch 254.5 148.7 263.2 136.5 161.3 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 2,013.8 2,013.8 2,013.8 2,013.8 2,013.8 Stargazer STA5 Commercial Catch 1,142.7 977.5 543.9 1,126.1 1,324.4 Recreational Catch TAC 1,264.0 1,264.0 1,264.0 TACC 1,525.0 1,525.0 1,264.0 1,264.0 1,264.0 Stargazer STA7 Commercial Catch 876.8 995.9 564.4 951.4 1,182.1 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 701.7 701.7 701.7 701.7 701.7 Stargazer STA8 Commercial Catch 3.8 9.7 9.7 1.7 3.1 Recreational Catch TAC 22.0 22.0 22.0 TACC 50.0 50.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 Stargazer STA10 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

Stargazer STA Summary Commercial Catch 3,240.0 3,047.3 2,129.7 2,929.6 3,467.1 TACC 5,353.1 5,353.1 4,972.1 4,972.1 4,972.1

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

68 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 36: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Silver Warehou

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Silver Warehou SWA1 Commercial Catch 2,885 3,636 3,380 1,980 2,525 Recreational Catch00000 TAC 2,132 2,132 2,132 TACC 2,504 2,504 2,132 2,132 2,132 Silver Warehou SWA3 Commercial Catch 2,945 4,063 3,721 2,796 4,129 Recreational Catch00000 TAC TACC 3,280 3,280 3,280 3,280 3,280 Silver Warehou SWA4 Commercial Catch 3,586 5,336 3,922 4,021 4,606 Recreational Catch00000 TAC TACC 4,090 4,090 4,090 4,090 4,090 Silver WarehouSWA10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Silver Warehou SWA Summary Commercial Catch 9,417 13,036 11,022 8,796 11,260 TACC 9,884 9,884 9,512 9,512 9,512

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

69 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 37: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Tarahiki

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Tarakihi TAR1 Commercial Catch 1,428.7 1,425.5 1,508.6 1,437.0 1,385.6 Recreational Catch 305.0 TAC TACC 1,398.3 1,398.3 1,398.3 1,398.3 1,398.3 Tarakihi TAR2 Commercial Catch 1,555.0 1,638.5 1,677.8 1,594.1 1,742.6 Recreational Catch 65.0 TAC TACC 1,632.8 1,632.8 1,632.8 1,632.8 1,632.8 Tarakihi TAR3 Commercial Catch 1,125.3 1,087.6 1,025.8 1,098.0 1,260.3 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 1,169.4 1,169.4 1,169.4 1,169.4 1,169.4 Tarakihi TAR4 Commercial Catch 209.0 133.3 202.2 104.2 97.9 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 316.2 316.2 316.2 316.2 316.2 Tarakihi TAR5 Commercial Catch 72.9 80.9 20.5 50.9 80.3 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 152.6 152.6 152.6 152.6 152.6 Tarakihi TAR7 Commercial Catch 892.2 1,015.2 685.4 1,042.8 963.9 Recreational Catch 24.0 TAC TACC 1,087.1 1,087.1 1,087.1 1,087.1 1,087.1 Tarakihi TAR8 Commercial Catch 105.1 132.7 152.8 175.1 188.6 Recreational Catch 28.0 TAC TACC 225.4 225.4 225.4 225.4 225.4 Tarakihi TAR10 Commercial Catch 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0

Tarakihi TAR Summary Commercial Catch 5,388.2 5,513.7 5,273.1 5,502.0 5,719.1 TACC 5,991.8 5,991.8 5,991.8 5,991.8 5,991.8

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

70 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 38: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Trevally

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Trevally TRE1 Commercial Catch 1,172.74 1,173.73 1,027.20 1,469.75 1,423.68 Recreational Catch 234.00 TAC TACC 1,506.30 1,506.30 1,506.30 1,506.30 1,506.30 Trevally TRE2 Commercial Catch 211.22 316.68 223.53 283.83 309.21 Recreational Catch 13.00 TAC TACC 241.20 241.20 241.20 241.20 241.20 Trevally TRE3 Commercial Catch 0.05 0.03 3.16 23.92 3.00 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 21.60 21.60 21.60 21.60 21.60 Trevally TRE7 Commercial Catch 2,018.89 1,843.47 2,104.24 2,149.75 2,254.53 Recreational Catch 69.00 TAC TACC 2,153.30 2,153.30 2,153.30 2,153.30 2,153.30 Trevally TRE10 Commercial Catch 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

Trevally TRE Summary Commercial Catch 3,402.90 3,333.91 3,358.13 3,927.25 3,990.42 TACC 3,932.40 3,932.40 3,932.40 3,932.40 3,932.40

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

71 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 39: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Trumpeter

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Trumpeter TRU1 Commercial Catch 0.4 0.5 Recreational Catch TAC 5.0 5.0 TACC 3.0 3.0 Trumpeter TRU2 Commercial Catch 11.3 5.6 Recreational Catch TAC 22.0 22.0 TACC 20.0 20.0 Trumpeter TRU3 Commercial Catch 15.2 10.7 Recreational Catch TAC 53.0 53.0 TACC 33.0 33.0 Trumpeter TRU4 Commercial Catch 16.2 8.0 Recreational Catch TAC 59.0 59.0 TACC 59.0 59.0 Trumpeter TRU5 Commercial Catch 4.2 4.9 Recreational Catch TAC 54.0 54.0 TACC 22.0 22.0 Trumpeter TRU7 Commercial Catch 2.6 2.4 Recreational Catch TAC 11.0 11.0 TACC 6.0 6.0 Trumpeter TRU8 Commercial Catch 0.2 0.2 Recreational Catch TAC 1.0 1.0 TACC 1.0 1.0

Trumpeter TRU Summary Commercial Catch 50.1 32.2 TACC 144.0 144.0

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

72 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 40: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Blue Warehou

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Blue Warehou WAR1 Commercial Catch 32 24 19 15 9 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 41 41 41 41 41 Blue Warehou WAR2 Commercial Catch 355 564 402 503 422 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 578 578 578 578 578 Blue Warehou WAR3 Commercial Catch 1,573 1,814 2,328 1,978 2,763 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 2,531 2,531 2,531 2,531 2,531 Blue Warehou WAR7 Commercial Catch 756 1,445 859 1,075 1,147 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 1,120 Blue Warehou WAR8 Commercial Catch 186 161 111 168 116 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 233 233 233 233 233 Blue WarehouWAR10Commercial Catch00000 Recreational Catch TAC TACC 10 10 10 10 10

Blue Warehou WAR Summary Commercial Catch 2,901 4,007 3,720 3,739 4,457 TACC 4,512 4,512 4,512 4,512 4,512

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch

73 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 41: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - White Warehou

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 White Warehou WWA1 Commercial Catch 0.10 0.01 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 4.00 4.00 TACC 4.00 4.00 White Warehou WWA2 Commercial Catch 34.45 48.36 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 75.00 75.00 TACC 73.00 73.00 White Warehou WWA3 Commercial Catch 397.58 558.97 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 401.00 401.00 TACC 399.00 399.00 White Warehou WWA4 Commercial Catch 119.55 277.02 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 222.00 222.00 TACC 220.00 220.00 White Warehou WWA5 Commercial Catch 1,268.77 1,111.92 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 2,129.00 2,129.00 TACC 2,127.00 2,127.00 White Warehou WWA6 Commercial Catch 412.17 217.57 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 492.00 492.00 TACC 490.00 490.00 White Warehou WWA7 Commercial Catch 73.37 132.73 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 62.00 62.00 TACC 60.00 60.00 White Warehou WWA8 Commercial Catch 0.01 0.00 Recreational Catch -- -- TAC 1.00 1.00 TACC 1.00 1.00

White Warehou WWA Summary Commercial Catch 2,305.99 2,346.59 TACC 3,374.00 3,374.00

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch -- Represents negligible catch Shaded area represents time before species was included in the QMS. Refer to non-QMS tables for catch volumes.

74 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 42: Catch and Allowable Catch of Quota Management System (QMS) stocks - Yellow Eyed Mullet

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, apart from Recreational fishing, which is in calendar years) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Species Name Quota Code September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Yellow Eyed Mullet YEM1 Commercial Catch 17.0 8.4 Recreational Catch TAC 50.0 50.0 TACC 20.0 20.0 Yellow Eyed Mullet YEM2 Commercial Catch 0.1 0.0 Recreational Catch TAC 14.0 14.0 TACC 2.0 2.0 Yellow Eyed Mullet YEM3 Commercial Catch 6.7 6.2 Recreational Catch TAC 14.0 14.0 TACC 8.0 8.0

Yellow Eyed Mullet YEM5 TAC 2.0 2.0

Yellow Eyed Mullet YEM7 Commercial Catch 1.7 0.8 Recreational Catch TAC 20.0 20.0 TACC 5.0 5.0 Yellow Eyed Mullet YEM8 Commercial Catch 0.3 0.1 Recreational Catch TAC 18.0 18.0 TACC 3.0 3.0 Yellow Eyed Mullet YEM9 Commercial Catch 9.4 25.6 Recreational Catch TAC 38.0 38.0 TACC 30.0 30.0

Yellow Eyed Mullet YEM Summary Commercial Catch 35.2 41.0 TACC 68.0 68.0

TAC = Total Allowable Catch TACC = Total Allowable Commercial Catch Shaded area represents time before species was included in the QMS. Refer to non-QMS tables for catch volumes.

Note: With Yellow Eyed Mullet there is the potential for the incorrect assignment of Yellow Eyed Mullet in catch records, as noted by the Plenary report. This is because of the common names of Grey Mullet and Yellow Eyed Mullet, and the possibility that some fishers refer to both as ‘Mullet’. A second possible classification error may occur from erroneous use of the names ‘Herring’ and ‘Sprat’. The level of error in the catch data due to misidentification is not known. (Report from the Fishery Assessment Plenary, May 2001: stock assessments and yield estimates.)

75 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 43: Total Commercial Catch - all species

(Fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept unless otherwise specified) Non-cultivated Marine (Wild stocks) for year ended Catch September (Tonnes) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Total Commercial QMS catch 499,010 532,506 545,758 506,444 475,961

Total Commercial Non-QMS Catch 77,091 93,652 100,771 102,951 92,032

Total Commercial Catch 576,101 626,158 646,529 609,396 567,993 Total TACC(1) 607,511 644,556 640,544 671,220 672,444

Data is rounded to the nearest tonne. (1) Total Allowable Commercial Catch

76 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 44: Commercial and Recreational Catch for Non-Quota Management Species

(Commercial fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, Recreational fishing year is 1 Jan - 31 Dec) Non-cultivated marine and freshwater catch (Wild stocks) for Species Species Catch year ended September (Tonnes) Code 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Mud Snail ACR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.011 0.000 Royal Red Prawn AFO Commercial 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.090 0.000 Ribbonfish AGR Commercial 0.000 29.320 1.867 8.755 0.040 Albacore Tuna ALB Commercial 6,315.798 3,727.562 6,525.103 3,727.274 4,696.591 Anchovy ANC Commercial 0.004 2.292 1.052 4.423 2.715 Antarctic Toothfish ATO Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 295.099 781.091 Non-ITQ Balance BAL Commercial 0.011 6.564 0.000 0.000 0.000 Bathytroctes Sp. BAT Commercial 2.089 0.070 0.000 0.000 0.000 Banded Bellowsfish BBE Commercial 0.522 3.103 5.018 13.429 11.973 Barracudina BCA Commercial 0.043 0.007 0.376 0.455 3.197 Blue Cusk Eel BCR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.004 Eaton's Skate BEA Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Basketwork Eel BEE Commercial 0.000 0.014 0.519 2.408 0.186 Bellowsfish BEL Commercial 10.796 23.470 5.373 23.592 7.704 Banded Giant Stargazer BGZ Commercial 6.662 7.050 2.014 0.647 0.000 Big Eye Tuna BIG Commercial 79.292 104.924 339.711 391.202 466.033 Blue Maomao BMA Commercial 199.922 8.379 7.914 6.119 7.657 Sowfish BOA Commercial 19.911 53.289 29.866 52.602 5.105 Butterfly Perch BPE Commercial 1.441 0.520 0.358 0.010 0.092 Branded Wrasse BPF Commercial 0.339 0.165 0.176 0.252 0.175 Short-Tailed Black Ray BRA Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.000 Bastard Red Cod BRC Commercial 45.952 21.676 31.753 15.735 8.243 Brown Stargazer BRZ Commercial 10.923 12.256 16.071 17.314 19.474 Seal Shark BSH Commercial 281.922 327.324 419.306 356.076 319.567 Basking Shark BSK Commercial 11.500 20.595 49.325 33.356 142.802 Taractichthys Longip BSP Commercial 0.778 0.081 0.674 0.562 0.540 Broad Squid BSQ Commercial 8.142 9.546 8.529 7.426 26.325 Butterfly Tuna BTU Commercial 1.408 50.916 23.599 35.331 34.566 Butterfish/Greenbone BUT Commercial 128.007 130.604 109.415 120.232 156.422 Bronze Whaler Shark BWH Commercial 50.751 28.559 22.445 13.637 22.822 Blue Shark BWS Commercial 166.064 303.135 536.619 525.258 1,031.082 Brown Brotula CAN Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.005 0.353 Carpet Shark CAR Commercial 0.219 0.283 0.082 0.751 1.419 Catfish CAT Commercial 2.521 5.455 11.569 13.014 12.162 White Brotula CAX Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.028 0.017 Crested Bellowsfish CBE Commercial 0.000 5.712 0.000 0.000 7.646 Cardinalfish (1) CDL Commercial 4,702.112 4,754.991 2,851.662 Capro Dory CDO Commercial 9.978 0.842 0.000 0.005 0.038 Deepsea Sharks CEN Commercial 0.000 1.694 0.000 0.144 0.000 Convict Groper CGR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 Chimaera Sp. CHI Commercial 0.010 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.527 Chimaera, Purple CHP Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.168 0.006 Freshwater Mussels CIO Commercial 0.000 3.248 0.000 0.000 0.000 Copper Moki CMO Commercial 3.178 2.295 1.461 1.507 0.695 Cockles COC Commercial 1,145.052 1,141.939 1,282.086 1,395.526 1,725.641 COC1 Recreational 14.000 COC3 Recreational 3.600 Conger Eel CON Commercial 123.719 113.793 86.040 90.312 89.532 Red Coral COR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

77 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 44 (Continued): Commercial and Recreational Catch for Non-Quota Management Species

(Commercial fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, Recreational fishing year is 1 Jan - 31 Dec) Non-cultivated marine and freshwater catch (Wild stocks) for Species Species Catch year ended (Tonnes) Code 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Crab CRB Commercial 11.770 1.334 11.100 2.186 3.873 Centrophorus Squamos CSQ Commercial 12.504 11.878 5.551 1.229 0.085 Cooks Turban CTU Commercial 0.006 0.795 0.000 0.000 0.273 Cucumber Fish CUC Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Dog Cockle DCK Commercial 0.050 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Dealfish DEA Commercial 50.771 52.905 69.826 67.091 62.363 Discfish DIS Commercial 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.007 Dolphinfish DOF Commercial 0.384 0.020 0.087 1.043 0.260 Oysters Dredge Spat DOS Commercial 0.101 0.000 0.235 0.090 0.000 Silver Drummer DRU Commercial 0.000 0.010 0.013 0.047 0.000 Deepwater Dogfish DWD Commercial 13.908 31.496 24.919 14.631 30.210 Deepwater Eel DWE Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.273 0.171 Deepwater Octopus DWO Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Eels,Unspecified (freshwater) EEU Commercial 1,013.966 912.452 844.733 827.438 731.868 Eagle Ray EGR Commercial 0.188 0.074 1.550 1.324 2.048 Blue Mackerel EMA Commercial 5,959.017 9,992.895 7,153.148 13,534.592 6,889.397 Bigeye Cardinalfish EPL Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Electric Ray ERA Commercial 0.036 0.124 0.085 0.056 0.065 Lucifer Dogfish ETL Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.239 Etmopterus Sp. ETM Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.114 0.000 Deepsea Flathead FHD Commercial 2.562 0.531 1.407 5.747 3.857 Perch FLU Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Flying Fish FLY Commercial 5.729 1.078 3.981 1.126 2.161 Frostfish (2) FRO Commercial 1,602.013 3,712.725 3,145.903 Frigate Tuna FTU Commercial 0.315 2.199 3.889 0.002 4.827 Garfish GAR Commercial 14.978 15.441 24.786 25.391 19.235 Gigartina Sp. GGA Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.690 0.000 Gracilaria GRA Commercial 0.000 0.066 0.000 0.000 0.000 Grenadier Cod GRC Commercial 0.195 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.061 Grass Carp GRP Commercial 0.030 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Giant Spider Crab GSC Commercial 0.006 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.000 Snake Mackerel GSE Commercial 2.615 5.436 15.895 28.610 3.815 Ghostshark (3) GSH Commercial 2,191.916 1,974.540 2,083.345 Pale Ghostshark (4) GSP Commercial 0.168 0.000 10.272 260.329 Giant Squid GSQ Commercial 0.068 0.070 0.500 0.752 0.938 Marblefish GTR Commercial 0.512 0.016 0.038 0.048 0.281 Hagfish HAG Commercial 0.827 0.171 0.151 0.361 2.528 Hairy Conger HCO Commercial 0.000 0.260 0.121 0.000 0.059 Mud Crab HCR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 Six Gilled Shark HEX Commercial 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Hammerhead Shark HHS Commercial 13.700 3.173 6.240 10.227 12.365 Jackknife Prawn HSI Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.048 0.000 Icefishes ICX Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.375 Javelin Fish JAV Commercial 1,278.698 3,297.000 4,620.339 3,638.096 3,956.160 Eastern Pacific Rock Lobster JCA Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 23.648 Jellyfish JFI Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.033 Japanese Gurnard JGU Commercial 88.723 70.512 84.592 81.890 59.757 Kahawai KAH Commercial 4,647.907 3,762.658 2,823.193 4,298.267 3,940.694 Kelpfish KEL Commercial 0.299 0.007 0.254 0.134 0.282 King Crab KIC Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.026

78 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 44 (Continued): Commercial and Recreational Catch for Non-Quota Management Species

(Commercial fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, Recreational fishing year is 1 Jan - 31 Dec) Non-cultivated marine and freshwater catch (Wild stocks) for Species Species Catch year ended (Tonnes) Code 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Yellowtail Kingfish KIN Commercial 356.097 390.738 324.053 328.212 278.057 KIN1 Recreational 382.000 Koheru KOH Commercial 28.208 22.876 40.809 43.334 62.659 Koi Carp KOI Commercial 0.067 25.717 1.140 1.959 3.792 Koura KOU Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 King Tarakihi KTA Commercial 35.064 18.064 25.022 16.569 36.832 Long-Nosed Chimaera LCH Commercial 7.220 3.001 3.018 15.518 31.451 Lookdown Dory LDO Commercial 260.607 355.480 553.337 613.902 628.549 Leatherjacket LEA Commercial 554.534 1,107.025 387.028 560.904 1,332.996 Escolar LEP Commercial 0.273 1.257 1.308 15.022 42.172 Longfinned Boarfish LFB Commercial 0.040 0.154 0.349 0.087 3.859 Long-finned Eel (freshwater) LFE Commercial 294.742 214.748 173.001 214.628 226.225 Limpet LIM Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mako Shark MAK Commercial 65.594 55.092 75.558 97.701 196.242 Finless Flounder MAN Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.013 0.000 2.917 Maomao MAO Commercial 2.642 3.240 0.076 0.129 0.416 Marlin MAR Commercial 0.330 0.381 0.101 0.000 0.000 Large Trough Shell MDI Commercial 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mirror Dory MDO Commercial 59.631 65.180 83.682 36.607 43.818 Mixed Fish MIX Commercial 5.504 0.650 0.000 0.000 0.000 Trough Shell MMI Commercial 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Moonfish MOO Commercial 117.282 136.809 252.898 271.287 308.993 Moral Eel MOR Commercial 0.160 0.021 0.023 0.234 0.205 Moray Cods MRL Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.021 Green Mussel MSG Commercial 8.919 0.000 199.964 2,051.233 4,444.207 Green Mussel Spat MSP Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Munida Gregaria MUN Commercial 1.254 0.675 0.029 0.000 0.000 Mussels MUS Commercial 0.532 0.000 0.000 768.485 0.000 Antarctic Rock Cod NOT Commercial 28.086 6.115 6.191 18.511 1.800 Greeneye Dogfish NSD Commercial 86.001 84.694 81.530 57.076 74.719 Northern Bluefin Tuna NTU Commercial 3.954 13.049 20.911 17.908 23.127 Oarfish OAR Commercial 10.969 71.269 66.870 19.912 32.375 Octopus OCT Commercial 180.527 233.100 164.509 154.359 116.764 Offal OFF Commercial 0.000 1,882.241 0.000 0.000 4.325 Oilfish OFH Commercial 60.503 95.378 57.426 54.660 56.163 Sponges ONG Commercial 0.000 0.000 4.100 14.000 0.550 Orange Perch OPE Commercial 15.200 40.602 192.882 36.825 43.170 Other Sharks & Dogs OSD Commercial 472.496 513.197 539.937 883.780 573.590 Pacific Oyster Spat OSP Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.036 0.000 Paddle Crab PAD Commercial 383.198 340.206 367.135 419.880 384.617 Parore PAR Commercial 80.913 78.328 75.694 79.599 98.290 Haliotis virginea PAV Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Persparia Kopua PER Commercial 0.477 0.150 0.139 0.460 0.335 Plunderfish PGR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 Pigfish PIG Commercial 0.596 0.300 1.176 0.922 1.065 Pilchard PIL Commercial 148.919 415.623 449.510 816.417 1,248.290 Pipefish PIP Commercial 1.426 0.432 0.043 0.014 0.066 Plunkets Shark PLS Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.000 0.000 Pink Maomao PMA Commercial 15.410 12.556 19.160 22.400 22.716 Porcupine Fish POP Commercial 1.879 2.611 1.570 2.905 1.047

79 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 44 (Continued): Commercial and Recreational Catch for Non-Quota Management Species

(Commercial fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, Recreational fishing year is 1 Jan - 31 Dec) Non-cultivated marine and freshwater catch (Wild stocks) for Species Species Catch year ended (Tonnes) Code 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Porae POR Commercial 110.595 90.960 87.968 66.097 61.184 Porbeagle Shark POS Commercial 23.294 51.649 162.108 239.515 174.488 Parrotfish POT Commercial 0.134 0.128 0.060 0.017 0.072 Pacific Oyster POY Commercial 0.624 1.773 0.000 62.056 0.329 Pipi PPI Commercial 135.099 146.327 122.165 130.221 143.258 Prawn PRA Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.748 0.005 0.000 Prawn Killers PRK Commercial 1.782 22.125 0.098 0.192 0.084 Patagonian Toothfish PTO Commercial 1,255.748 4.666 44.172 1.642 0.192 King Clam PZL Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 Queen Scallop QSC Commercial 150.991 124.523 213.597 66.973 180.155 Grenadier/Rattail RAT Commercial 1,935.915 5,132.081 4,937.146 3,500.182 3,193.951 Rays RAY Commercial 2.414 0.009 0.000 0.301 0.185 Rays Bream RBM Commercial 693.235 421.002 519.794 430.819 423.067 Bonnet Mouth RBT Commercial 1,997.563 1,646.574 1,892.621 2,641.312 3,139.022 Rubyfish (5) RBY Commercial 890.606 458.645 404.638 Rosy Dory RDO Commercial 0.000 0.494 1.039 0.387 72.811 Common Roughy RHY Commercial 0.182 0.393 0.251 4.283 0.717 Ribaldo (6) RIB Commercial 1,050.074 1,494.266 1,389.631 Red Moki RMO Commercial 0.673 0.661 0.651 0.160 0.166 Red Mullet RMU Commercial 0.148 0.061 0.006 0.004 1.388 Rock Cod ROC Commercial 0.281 3.638 0.076 0.009 0.008 Roe ROE Commercial 1.048 0.931 0.201 0.007 0.000 Red Perch RPE Commercial 7.501 8.630 11.967 8.251 13.777 Red Pigfish RPI Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 Red Scorpion Fish RRC Commercial 32.114 40.113 48.288 30.086 27.905 Rough Skate RSK Commercial 119.412 160.098 529.602 763.862 709.057 Red Snapper RSN Commercial 139.944 175.771 176.612 141.543 160.290 Rudderfish RUD Commercial 52.936 95.487 97.451 87.368 114.008 Sailfish SAI Commercial 0.283 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Salps SAL Commercial 0.005 0.000 7.110 0.009 0.000 Quinnat Salmon SAM Commercial 4.113 3.316 4.626 1.342 0.642 Saury SAU Commercial 0.133 0.020 0.000 0.040 0.000 Slickhead, Bigscaled SBI Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.035 Spineback SBK Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.556 1.023 Southern Boarfish SBO Commercial 7.051 2.595 1.834 85.851 6.432 Southern Blue Whiting SBW Commercial 15,093.950 20,780.137 32,632.534 41,336.185 28,270.708 Sea Cucumber SCC Commercial 1.387 0.118 0.051 0.001 0.047 Scaly Gurnard SCG Commercial 0.000 4.527 0.020 0.000 0.000 Scampi SCI Commercial 930.309 994.592 1,002.793 1,053.568 988.933 Swollenhead Conger SCO Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.497 0.556 Silver Dory SDO Commercial 137.157 133.912 136.846 92.415 66.838 Spiny Seadragon SDR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Seaweed SEO Commercial 0.000 0.502 0.000 0.000 0.000 Seven Gill Shark SEV Commercial 2.478 2.123 1.985 2.993 2.972 Short-finned Eel SFE Commercial 120.314 214.878 192.159 176.824 175.415 Starfish SFI Commercial 19.959 4.762 3.361 12.837 0.196 Spinyfin SFN Commercial 0.016 0.061 0.014 0.005 0.011 Sharks SHA Commercial 33.874 116.161 31.202 82.218 4.498 Unknown SHF Commercial 77.787 47.112 29.964 62.508 1.118 Shovelnosed Lobster SHL Commercial 0.012 0.000 0.276 3.796 0.644

80 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 44 (Continued): Commercial and Recreational Catch for Non-Quota Management Species

(Commercial fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, Recreational fishing year is 1 Jan - 31 Dec) Non-cultivated marine and freshwater catch (Wild stocks) for Species Species Catch year ended (Tonnes) Code 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Seahorse SHO Commercial 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.033 0.030 Silver Trumpeter SIT Commercial 0.000 5.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 Skate SKA Commercial 1,566.581 1,596.664 1,141.962 928.600 1,109.504 Skipjack Tuna SKJ Commercial 4,519.519 6,570.761 7,307.712 5,347.195 10,561.140 Sea Slug SLG Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.000 Slickhead SLK Commercial 2.047 5.514 0.157 4.655 5.127 Slender Roughy SLR Commercial 0.190 0.219 0.214 0.614 0.396 Small Headed Cod SMC Commercial 0.000 0.135 0.025 0.000 0.319 Smelt SME Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.017 Shovelnose Spiny SND Commercial 44.273 21.414 36.449 16.178 28.034 Spiny Dogfish SPD Commercial 6,224.791 4,887.309 3,131.492 4,335.742 3,485.391 SPD3 Recreational 33.000 SPD7 Recreational 37.000 Sea Perch (7) SPE Commercial 1,166.137 1,200.917 1,883.736 Scarlett Wrasse SPF Commercial 0.000 0.470 0.000 0.003 0.020 Spider Crab SPI Commercial 0.089 13.982 0.086 0.638 0.865 Sardines/Sprats SPR Commercial 0.095 0.124 0.370 0.873 0.033 Spotted Stargazer SPZ Commercial 32.456 41.230 36.097 46.297 41.153 Squid SQX Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Silver Roughy SRH Commercial 0.009 0.004 4.224 0.003 0.020 Amblyraja georgiana SRR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Shortbill Spearfish SSF Commercial 0.134 0.020 17.130 0.027 0.024 Slender Smooth-Hound SSH Commercial 0.462 0.488 1.244 0.812 1.459 Silverside SSI Commercial 16.756 17.737 49.679 77.958 46.709 Smooth Skate SSK Commercial 1,107.344 722.756 654.667 940.902 891.708 Scallop Spat SSP Commercial 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Stargazer STG Commercial 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.025 0.000 Southern Bluefin Tuna STN Commercial 140.497 333.498 331.473 457.851 381.342 Stingray STR Commercial 5.423 1.724 2.385 2.923 2.375 Slender Tuna STU Commercial 49.351 55.612 40.184 69.518 30.633 Spotty STY Commercial 0.003 0.000 0.099 0.000 0.011 Sunfish SUN Commercial 1.402 0.664 1.292 1.035 0.428 Sea Urchin/Kina SUR Commercial 607.787 689.536 789.076 730.429 623.361 Broadbill Swordfish SWO Commercial 186.835 282.804 534.346 965.182 975.582 Telescope Fish TEL Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.023 0.108 Thresher Shark THR Commercial 16.444 22.123 22.379 31.286 37.394 Toadfish TOA Commercial 0.002 0.118 0.456 10.752 8.033 Pacific Bluefin Tuna TOR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Trachyscorpia capensis TRS Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Trumpeter (8) TRU Commercial 123.520 96.558 83.986 Tuatua TUA Commercial 60.153 62.796 72.543 73.759 42.050 Violet Cod VCO Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Volute VOL Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.498 Violet Squid VSQ Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Macrourus whitsoni WGR Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Whelk WHE Commercial 28.636 9.458 0.376 0.244 0.246 Whitebait WHI Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 Witch WIT Commercial 2.753 3.746 2.081 4.872 2.583 Warty Oreo WOE Commercial 0.086 0.000 0.000 8.745 4.903

81 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 44 (Continued): Commercial and Recreational Catch for Non-Quota Management Species

(Commercial fishing year is 1 Oct - 30 Sept, Recreational fishing year is 1 Jan - 31 Dec) Non-cultivated marine and freshwater catch (Wild stocks) for Species Species Catch year ended (Tonnes) Code 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

White Pointer Shark WPS Commercial 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.314 Whiptail Ray WRA Commercial 0.000 0.000 1.297 0.000 0.000 Wrasse WSE Commercial 0.285 1.034 1.459 3.648 4.243 Warty Squid WSQ Commercial 23.038 7.369 13.821 37.800 48.221 White Warehou (9) WWA Commercial 2,383.545 3,459.280 2,296.024 Yellow Boarfish YBO Commercial 0.000 0.016 0.150 0.000 0.004 Yellow Eyed Mullet (10) YEM Commercial 23.404 56.270 44.989 Yellow Fin Tuna YFN Commercial 193.370 156.730 105.322 174.746 100.561

Total Commercial Non-QMS catch: 77,090.910 93,652.463 100,771.073 102,951.459 92,031.856

(1) Cardinalfish (CDL) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards. (2) Frostfish (FRO) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards. (3) Ghostshark (GSH) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards. (4) Pale Ghostshark (GSP) species was added to the QMS from the 1999/2000 fishing year onwards. (5) Rubyfish (RBY) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards. (6) Ribaldo (RIB) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards. (7) Sea Perch (SPE) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards. (8) Trumpeter (TRU) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards. (9) White Warehou (WWA) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards. (10) Yellow Eyed Mullet (YEM) species was added to the QMS from the 1998/1999 fishing year onwards.

82 Physical Stock Account for Fish Resources in New Zealand 1996 - 2000

Table 45: Commercial Aquaculture Harvest Table

Salmon Mussels Oysters Abalone / Paua Year(1) (Processed (Greenweight Total (Tonnes) (Tonnes) (Tonnes) Tonnes) Tonnes)

1983 50 7,000 1,000 0 8,050 1984 180 9,500 4,000 0 13,680 1985 611 10,500 4,000 0 15,111 1986 700 15,500 4,000 0 20,200 1987 1,200 17,000 4,000 0 22,200 1988 1,600 17,000 4,000 0 22,600 1989 2,300 17,000 4,000 0 23,300 1990 2,300 17,000 4,000 0 23,300 1991 2,300 36,500 4,000 0 42,800 1992 2,300 38,000 4,000 0 44,300 1993 2,300 37,500 4,000 0 43,800 1994 4,600 40,000 4,000 0 48,600 1995 5,800 58,000 4,000 0 67,800 1996 5,800 60,000 4,000 0 69,800 1997 5,800 66,000 4,000 0 75,800 1998 5,800 72,000 3,300 0 81,100 1999 6,500 72,000 4,000 0 82,500 2000 6,500 76,000 4,000 1 86,501

(1) Harvest is in calendar years. Data contained within this table represents estimates of tonnage harvested, and has been collected on a voluntary basis by members of the aquaculture industry and not from an official survey. The quality of this data is unknown.

83