DOCSLIB.ORG

Invasive Plants and Weeds of the National Forests and Grasslands in the Southwestern Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Invasive Plants and Weeds of the National Forests and Grasslands in the Southwestern Region United States Department of Agriculture Invasive Plants Forest and Weeds of the Service Southwestern National Forests Region MR-R3-16-6 and Grasslands in December 2013 the Southwestern Region Second Edition Cover Image: Tall morning-glory (Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth) USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/USDA NRCS. “Wetland Flora: Field Office Illustrated Guide to Plant Species.” USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TTY). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Printed on recycled paper • December 2013 Invasive Plants and Weeds of the National Forests and Grasslands of the Southwestern Region Second Edition Compiled and Edited by Mitchel R. White, Ph.D. Ecologist USDA Forest Service Southwestern Region Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests To solve a problem, we must first understand the problem. This field guide is designed to help identify the invasive plants that threaten our forests and grasslands. Introduction This second edition has been compiled to include additional nonnative, undesirable weeds that were left out of the first edition. Thirty-one additional species were added to reflect the concerns of forest personnel throughout the Southwestern Region. As defined in Executive Order 13112, an “invasive species” (including plants) means an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Invasive plants are nonnative plant species that can grow and spread rapidly, thereby replacing native plant species. Invasive plants generally have one or more of the following characteristics: aggressiveness, difficult to manage, poisonous, toxic, parasitic, potential carrier or host for serious insects or diseases, and are new or uncommon to the United States or parts thereof. The definition of a weed is any undesired, uncultivated plant that grows out of place and competes with other plants for water, nutrients, and space. Control of invasive plants and common weeds should be everyone’s concern since they can occur across all landownerships. Invasive plants and weeds compete with crops; poison or injure livestock, wildlife and people; reduce forage for wildlife and livestock; change natural fire regimes; and reduce recreation enjoyment because of thorns, allergies or unsightliness. Invasive plants and weeds also destroy the beauty and natural habitats of the Southwest wherever and whenever they occur. Invasive plants continue to spread into uninfested areas in the western United States. On Federal lands, it is estimated that invasive plants occur on more than 17 million acres. An estimated 6 to 7 million acres are currently infested on National Forest System lands, with a projected potential for increasing at a rate of 8 to 12 percent per year. Invasive plants and common weeds infest native plant communities in increasing numbers throughout the Southwest and are beginning to appear on the national forests and grasslands in greater numbers every passing year. Invasive plants i have a significant environmental advantage over native plant species because they are free of natural enemies. Invasive plants pose an increasing threat to native ecosystems. This is why prevention and direct control methods must be used to stress or remove invasive plants and weeds from native plant communities. The invasive plants listed in this document have been introduced to the Southwest from another place without the accompaniment of their natural predators or environmental controls to keep them in check. As a result, these plants can overwhelm native plant species and ecosystems, and spread dramatically year by year. Control of invasive plant and common weed infestations requires the development and implementation of a management program, which focuses on: (1) preventing the introduction of new invasive plants and weeds; (2) early detection of infestations; (3) conducting early treatment of new infestations; and (4) containing and controlling established infestations at times and places that make them most effective and efficient. The most effective and efficient combination depends on factors such as the biology of the particular plant(s) and the circumstances under which it is growing. The overall priority for treatment is invasive plants over weeds, due to the greater threat of the former. Because some invasive plants and common weeds pose challenges to land managers in dealing with the health of forests, woodlands, and grasslands, a series of weed management field guides has been published for management of invasive plant and common weed species in the Southwest. This book is a companion document intended to work in conjunction with those individual management field guides. The management field guides are available at our Forest Health Web site: http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/r3/forest- grasslandhealth/invasivespecies ii This book serves as the U.S. Forest Service’s guide for identifying invasive plants and common weeds in forests, woodlands, grasslands, and deserts associated with its Southwestern Region. The Southwestern Region (Region 3) encompasses Arizona and New Mexico, which together have 11 national forests (NFs). The region also includes four national grasslands (NGs) located in northeastern New Mexico, western Oklahoma, and the Texas panhandle. National Forests and Grasslands in Region 3 by State Arizona New Mexico Oklahoma Texas Apache- Carson NF Black Kettle NG Black Kettle NG Sitgreaves NFs Coconino NF Cibola NF Rita Blanca NG McClellan Creek NG Coronado NF Gila NF Rita Blanca NG Kaibab NF Kiowa NG Prescott NF Lincoln NF Tonto NF Rita Blanca NG Santa Fe NF iii iv Contents Common Name Scientific Name Page Grasses Arabiangrass Schismus arabicus Nees 2 Buffelgrass Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link 4 Cheatgrass Bromus tectorum L. 6 Crimson fountaingrass Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) 8 Chiov. Field sandbur Cenchrus spinifex Cav. 10 Giant reed Arundo donax L. 12 Japanese brome Bromus japonicus Thunb. 14 Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. 16 Jointed goatgrass Aegilops cylindrica Host 18 Lehmann lovegrass Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees 20 Mediterranean grass Schismus barbatus (loefl. ex L.) 22 Thell. Quackgrass Elymus repens (L.) Gould 24 Ravennagrass Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. 26 Red brome Bromus rubens L. 28 Rescuegrass Bromus catharticus Vahl 30 Ripgut brome Bromus diandrus Roth 32 Southern sandbur Cenchrus echinatus L. 34 Tall fescue Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub 36 Uruguayan pampas Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & 38 grass Schult. f.) Asch. & Graebn. Weeping lovegrass Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees 40 Wild oat Avena fatua L. 42 Shrubs and Trees African sheepbush Pentzia incana (Thunb.) Kuntze 46 African sumac Rhus lancea L. f. 48 Camelthorn Alhagi maurorum Medik. 50 Himalayan blackberry Rubus armeniacus Focke 52 v Lilac chastetree Vitex agnus-castus L. 54 Russian olive Elaeagnus angustifolia L. 56 Saltcedar Tamarix spp. 58 Siberian elm Ulmus pumila L. 69 Sweet resinbush Euryops multifidus (Thunb.) DC 62 Tree of heaven Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle 64 Green or Inconspicuous Flowered Forbs Common cocklebur Xanthium strumarium L. 68 Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum L. 70 Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C. 72 A. Mey Kochia Bassia spp. All 74 Parrot feather milfoil Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) 76 Verdc. Russian thistle Salsola spp. 78 Spiny cocklebur Xanthium spinosum L. 80 Pink, Rose, Red, or Purple Flowered Forbs Alfalfa Medicago sativa L. 84 Black henbane Hyoscyamus niger L. 86 Blue mustard Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC. 88 Bull thistle Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. 90 Canada thistle Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. 92 Common burdock Arctium minus Bernh. 94 Diffuse knapweed Centaurea diffusa Lam. 96 Hounds-tongue Cynoglossum officinale L. 98 Iberian knapweed Centaurea iberica Trevir. ex Spreng. 100 Meadow knapweed Centaurea debeauxii Gren. & Godr. 102 [excluded] Musk thistle Carduus nutans L. 104 Purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L. 106 Purple starthistle Centaurea calcitrapa L. 108 vi Red clover Trifolium pratense L. 110 Redstem filaree Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. ex 112 Aiton Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens (L.) DC. 114 Scotch thistle Onopordum acanthium L. 116 Spiny plumeless thistle Carduus acanthoides L. 118 Spotted knapweed Centaurea stoebe L. 120 Squarrose knapweed Centaurea virgata Lam. 122 Tall morning-glory Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth 124 Teasel Dipsacus fullonum L. 126 Blue or Violet Flowered Forbs Bigleaf periwinkle Vinca major L. 130 Carolina horsenettle Solanum carolinense L. 132 Chicory Cichorium intybus L. 134 White Flowered Forbs African rue Peganum harmala L. 138 Broadleaved Lepidium latifolium L. 140 pepperweed Field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis L. 142 Hairy whitetop
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Para Especies Exóticas En México Eragrostis Curvula (Schrad.) Nees, 1841., CONABIO, 2016 1
    Método de Evaluación Rápida de Invasividad (MERI) para especies exóticas en México Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, 1841., CONABIO, 2016 Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, 1841 Fuente: Tropical Forages E. curvula , es un pasto de origen africano, que se cultiva como ornamental y para detener la erosión; se establece en las orillas de carreteras y ambientes naturales como las dunas. Se ha utilizado contra la erosión, para la producción de forraje en suelos de baja fertilidad y para resiembra en pastizales semiáriados. Presenta abundante producción de semillas, gran capacidad para producir grandes cantidades de materia orgánica tanto en las raíces como en el follaje (Vibrans, 2009). Es capaz de desplazar a la vegetación natural. Favorece la presencia de incendios (Queensland Government, 2016). Información taxonómica Reino: Plantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Clase: Liliopsida Orden: Poales Familia: Poaceae Género: Eragrostis Nombre científico: Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, 1841 Nombre común: Zacate amor seco llorón, zacate llorón, zacate garrapata, amor seco curvado Resultado: 0.5109375 Categoría de invasividad: Muy alto 1 Método de Evaluación Rápida de Invasividad (MERI) para especies exóticas en México Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, 1841., CONABIO, 2016 Descripción de la especie Hierba perenne, amacollada, de hasta 1.5 m de alto. Tallo a veces ramificado y con raíces en los nudos inferiores, frecuentemente con anillos glandulares. Hojas alternas, dispuestas en 2 hileras sobre el tallo, con las venas paralelas, divididas en 2 porciones, la inferior envuelve al tallo, más corta que el, y la parte superior muy larga, angosta, enrollada (las de las hojas inferiores arqueadas y dirigidas hacia el suelo); entre la vaina y la lámina.
    [Show full text]
  • What Characteristics Do All Invasive Species Share That Make Them So
    Invasive Plants Facts and Figures Definition Invasive Plant: Plants that have, or are likely to spread into native or minimally managed plant systems and cause economic or environmental harm by developing self-sustaining populations and becoming dominant or disruptive to those systems. Where do most invasive species come from? How do they get here and get started? Most originate long distances from the point of introduction Horticulture is responsible for the introduction of approximately 60% of invasive species. Conservation uses are responsible for the introduction of approximately 30% of invasive species. Accidental introductions account for about 10%. Of all non-native species introduced only about 15% ever escape cultivation, and of this 15% only about 1% ever become a problem in the wild. The process that leads to a plant becoming an invasive species, Cultivation – Escape – Naturalization – Invasion, may take over 100 years to complete. What characteristics make invasive species so successful in our environment? Lack predators, pathogens, and diseases to keep population numbers in check Produce copious amounts of seed with a high viability of that seed Use successful dispersal mechanisms – attractive to wildlife Thrive on disturbance, very opportunistic Fast-growing Habitat generalists. They do not have specific or narrow growth requirements. Some demonstrate alleleopathy – produce chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plants nearby. Have longer photosynthetic periods – first to leaf out in the spring and last to drop leaves in autumn Alter soil and habitat conditions where they grow to better suit their own survival and expansion. Why do we care? What is the big deal? Ecological Impacts Impacting/altering natural communities at a startling rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Lasting-Love-At-Last-By-Amari-Ice.Pdf
    Lasting Love at Last The Gay Guide to Attracting the Relationship of Your Dreams By Amari Ice 2 Difference Press McLean, Virginia, USA Copyright © Amari Ice, 2017 Difference Press is a trademark of Becoming Journey, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the author. Reviewers may quote brief passages in reviews. Published 2017 ISBN: 978-1-68309-218-6 DISCLAIMER No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, or transmitted by email without permission in writing from the author. Neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, omissions, or contrary interpretations of the subject matter herein. Any perceived slight of any individual or organization is purely unintentional. Brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Cover Design: Jennifer Stimson Editing: Grace Kerina Author photo courtesy of Donta Hensley (photographer), Jay Lautner (editor) 3 To My Love: Thank you for being unapologetically and unwaveringly you, and for being a captive audience for my insatiably playful antics. #IKeep 4 Table of Contents Foreword 6 A Note About the #Hashtags 8 Introduction – Tardy for the Relationship Party 9 Chapter 1 – #OnceUponATime 16 Chapter 2 – What’s Mercury Got to Do with It? 23 Section 1 – Preparing: The Realm of #RelationshipRetrograde 38 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • H. F. Gutiérrez Y O. Morrone - Novedades Nomenclaturalesissn En 0373-580Cenchrus X Bol
    Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (1-2) 2012 H. F. Gutiérrez y O. Morrone - Novedades nomenclaturalesISSN en 0373-580Cenchrus X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (1-2): 263-269. 2012 NOVEDADES NOMENCLATURALES EN CENCHRUS S.L. (POACEAE: PANICOIDEAE: PANICEAE) HUGO F. GUTIÉRREZ1 y OSVALDO MORRONE† Summary: Nomenclatural novelties in Cenchrus s.l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Recent phylogenetic studies with morphological and molecular data provided evidence on the monophyly of the genera Cenchrus, Pennisetum and Odontelytrum. Therefore, these studies propose the unification and transfer of species of Pennisetum and Odontelytrum to the genus Cenchrus, which has priority. Nomenclatural problems were detected when conducting a preliminary taxonomic revision of the genus Cenchrus s.l. from America (Gutiérrez, in preparation). To resolve these inconveniences, nine lectotypifications: Cenchrus bambusoides Caro & E.A. Sánchez, C. brevisetus E. Fourn., C. pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. var. intermedia Chiov., C. roseus E. Fourn., Gymnotrix mexicana E. Fourn., Hymenachne montana Griseb., Pennisetum amoenum Hochst. ex A. Rich., P. cenchroides Rich. var. hamphilahense Terracc., P. ciliare (L.) Link var. anachoreticum Chiov., P. petraeum Steud., P. pringlei Leeke, P. tristachyum (Kunth) Spreng. subsp. boliviense Chase and a new name for Gymnotrix crinita Kunth are here proposed. Key words: Cenchrus, Pennisetum, Poaceae, Paniceae, taxonomy. Resumen: Recientes estudios filogenéticos con datos morfológicos y moleculares aportaron evidencia sobre la monofilia de los géneros Cenchrus, Pennisetum y Odontelytrum y, por ello, se propuso su unificación y transferencia a Cenchrus, el cual tiene prioridad. Resultados preliminares de la revisión taxonómica del género Cenchrus s.l. para América (Gutiérrez, en preparación) permitieron detectar problemas nomenclaturales. Para resolver dichos inconvenientes, en el presente trabajo se presentan nueve lectotipificaciones: Cenchrus bambusoides Caro & E.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Modifying Drivers of Competition to Restore Palmer's Agave in Lehmann Lovegrass Dominated Grasslands
    Modifying Drivers of Competition to Restore Palmer's Agave in Lehmann Lovegrass Dominated Grasslands Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Gill, Amy Shamin Citation Gill, Amy Shamin. (2020). Modifying Drivers of Competition to Restore Palmer's Agave in Lehmann Lovegrass Dominated Grasslands (Master's thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA). Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction, presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 25/09/2021 10:37:11 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/648602 MODIFYING DRIVERS OF COMPETITION TO RESTORE PALMER’S AGAVE IN LEHMANN LOVEGRASS DOMINATED GRASSLANDS by Amy Shamin Gill ____________________________ Copyright © Amy Shamin Gill 2020 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2020 2 Acknowledgments I would like to sincerely thank my graduate advisor, Dr. Elise S. Gornish & Fulbright Foreign Degree Program for providing the opportunity for me to complete my Master’s in Science degree at the University of Arizona. Especially Dr. Elise S. Gornish, who provided constant support, mentoring, guidance throughout my thesis project. I would also like to thank my committee members, Dr. Jeffrey S. Fehmi and Dr. Mitchel McClaran, for their availability and support along the way. Huge call out to the Fulbright Program, International Institute of Education, National Parks Service, Bat Conservation International, & Ancestral Lands Crew for funding, collaborations, and data collection.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytosociology of the Upper Orange River Valley, South Africa
    PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE UPPER ORANGE RIVER VALLEY, SOUTH AFRICA A SYNTAXONOMICAL AND SYNECOLOGICAL STUDY M.J.A.WERGER PROMOTOR: Prof. Dr. V. WESTHOFF PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF THE UPPER ORANGE RIVER VALLEY, SOUTH AFRICA A SYNTAXONOMICAL AND SYNECOLOGICAL STUDY PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRUGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE WISKUNDE EN NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN AAN DE KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT TE NIJMEGEN, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF. MR. F J.F.M. DUYNSTEE VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VAN DECANEN IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP 10 MEI 1973 DES NAMIDDAGS TE 4.00 UUR. DOOR MARINUS JOHANNES ANTONIUS WERGER GEBOREN TE ENSCHEDE 1973 V&R PRETORIA aan mijn ouders Frontiepieae: Panorama drawn by R.J. GORDON when he discovered the Orange River at "De Fraaye Schoot" near the present Bethulie, probably on the 23rd December 1777. I. INTRODUCTION When the government of the Republic of South Africa in the early sixties decided to initiate a comprehensive water development scheme of its largest single water resource, the Orange River, this gave rise to a wide range of basic and applied scientific sur­ veys of that area. The reasons for these surveys were threefold: (1) The huge capital investment on such a water scheme can only be justified economically on a long term basis. Basic to this is that the waterworks be protected, over a long period of time, against inefficiency caused by for example silting. Therefore, management reports of the catchment area should.be produced. (2) In order to enable effective long term planning of the management and use of the natural resources in the area it is necessary to know the state of the local ecosystems before a major change is instituted.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison of the Diets Selected by Merino and Dorper Sheep on Three Range Types of the Karoo, South Africa
    A COMPARISON OF THE DIETS SELECTED BY MERINO AND DORPER SHEEP ON THREE RANGE TYPES OF THE KAROO, SOUTH AFRICA UNA COMPARACIÓN DE LA DIETA SELECCIONADA POR OVEJAS MERINO Y DORPER SOBRE TRES TIPOS DE PASTOS DEL KAROO, SOUTH AFRICA Du Toit, P.C.V. Northern Cape Department of Agriculture. Nature Conservation and Redevelopment. Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute. Private Bag X529. Middelburg 5900. Eastern Cape Province. Republic of South Africa. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS PALABRAS CLAVE ADICIONALES Selective grazing. Late developmental stage grass Pastoreo selectivo. Estados de desarrollo de la species. Mid-developmental stage grass species. hierba. Early developmental stage grass species. SUMMARY The diet selected by Merino and Dorper sheep in the diet selected by the Merino and Dorper was studied in the Arid Karoo, in the False Upper sheep breeds lie between 2 and 3 percent during Karoo and in the Noorsveld. The relative the growing season. This difference was not differences in their food preferences and their large, however, it is clear that different grazing adaptability to the different compositions of niches exist and that the animals selectively herbage on offer in the different range types was graze different parts and proportions of the studied. It was found that Merino sheep selected herbage on offer. more grass while Dorper sheep selected more karoo bushes and the woody component in the Noorsveld. In the Arid Karoo there was a 6 to 8 RESUMEN percent difference in the diet selected. Most of the differences were noted during the plant reser- Se estudió la dieta seleccionada por ovejas ve storage and dormant seasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants and a Brief History of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands
    United States Department of Agriculture Vascular Plants and a Brief Forest Service Rocky Mountain History of the Kiowa and Rita Research Station General Technical Report Blanca National Grasslands RMRS-GTR-233 December 2009 Donald L. Hazlett, Michael H. Schiebout, and Paulette L. Ford Hazlett, Donald L.; Schiebout, Michael H.; and Ford, Paulette L. 2009. Vascular plants and a brief history of the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS- GTR-233. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 44 p. Abstract Administered by the USDA Forest Service, the Kiowa and Rita Blanca National Grasslands occupy 230,000 acres of public land extending from northeastern New Mexico into the panhandles of Oklahoma and Texas. A mosaic of topographic features including canyons, plateaus, rolling grasslands and outcrops supports a diverse flora. Eight hundred twenty six (826) species of vascular plant species representing 81 plant families are known to occur on or near these public lands. This report includes a history of the area; ethnobotanical information; an introductory overview of the area including its climate, geology, vegetation, habitats, fauna, and ecological history; and a plant survey and information about the rare, poisonous, and exotic species from the area. A vascular plant checklist of 816 vascular plant taxa in the appendix includes scientific and common names, habitat types, and general distribution data for each species. This list is based on extensive plant collections and available herbarium collections. Authors Donald L. Hazlett is an ethnobotanist, Director of New World Plants and People consulting, and a research associate at the Denver Botanic Gardens, Denver, CO.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Invasive Alien Species Using DNA Barcodes
    Identification of Invasive Alien Species using DNA barcodes Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Royal Museum for Central Africa Rue Vautier 29, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 1000 Brussels , Belgium 3080 Tervuren, Belgium +32 (0)2 627 41 23 +32 (0)2 769 58 54 General introduction to this factsheet The Barcoding Facility for Organisms and Tissues of Policy Concern (BopCo) aims at developing an expertise forum to facilitate the identification of biological samples of policy concern in Belgium and Europe. The project represents part of the Belgian federal contribution to the European Research Infrastructure Consortium LifeWatch. Non-native species which are being introduced into Europe, whether by accident or deliberately, can be of policy concern since some of them can reproduce and disperse rapidly in a new territory, establish viable populations and even outcompete native species. As a consequence of their presence, natural and managed ecosystems can be disrupted, crops and livestock affected, and vector-borne diseases or parasites might be introduced, impacting human health and socio-economic activities. Non-native species causing such adverse effects are called Invasive Alien Species (IAS). In order to protect native biodiversity and ecosystems, and to mitigate the potential impact on human health and socio-economic activities, the issue of IAS is tackled in Europe by EU Regulation 1143/2014 of the European Parliament and Council. The IAS Regulation provides for a set of measures to be taken across all member states. The list of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern is regularly updated. In order to implement the proposed actions, however, methods for accurate species identification are required when suspicious biological material is encountered.
    [Show full text]
  • Grasses of the Texas Hill Country: Vegetative Key and Descriptions
    Hagenbuch, K.W. and D.E. Lemke. 2015. Grasses of the Texas Hill Country: Vegetative key and descriptions. Phytoneuron 2015-4: 1–93. Published 7 January 2015. ISSN 2153 733X GRASSES OF THE TEXAS HILL COUNTRY: VEGETATIVE KEY AND DESCRIPTIONS KARL W. HAGENBUCH Department of Biological Sciences San Antonio College 1300 San Pedro Avenue San Antonio, Texas 78212-4299 [email protected] DAVID E. LEMKE Department of Biology Texas State University 601 University Drive San Marcos, Texas 78666-4684 [email protected] ABSTRACT A key and a set of descriptions, based solely on vegetative characteristics, is provided for the identification of 66 genera and 160 grass species, both native and naturalized, of the Texas Hill Country. The principal characters used (features of longevity, growth form, roots, rhizomes and stolons, culms, leaf sheaths, collars, auricles, ligules, leaf blades, vernation, vestiture, and habitat) are discussed and illustrated. This treatment should prove useful at times when reproductive material is not available. Because of its size and variation in environmental conditions, Texas provides habitat for well over 700 species of grasses (Shaw 2012). For identification purposes, the works of Correll and Johnston (1970); Gould (1975) and, more recently, Shaw (2012) treat Texas grasses in their entirety. In addition to these comprehensive works, regional taxonomic treatments have been done for the grasses of the Cross Timbers and Prairies (Hignight et al. 1988), the South Texas Brush Country (Lonard 1993; Everitt et al. 2011), the Gulf Prairies and Marshes (Hatch et al. 1999), and the Trans-Pecos (Powell 1994) natural regions. In these, as well as in numerous other manuals and keys, accurate identification of grass species depends on the availability of reproductive material.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Control Guide for Ohio, Indiana and Illinois
    Pub# WS16 / Bulletin 789 / IL15 OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION Tables Table 1. Weed Response to “Burndown” Herbicides .............................................................................................19 Table 2. Application Intervals for Early Preplant Herbicides ............................................................................... 20 Table 3. Weed Response to Preplant/Preemergence Herbicides in Corn—Grasses ....................................30 WEED Table 4. Weed Response to Preplant/Preemergence Herbicides in Corn—Broadleaf Weeds ....................31 Table 5. Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn—Grasses ...................................................32 Table 6. Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides in Corn—Broadleaf Weeds ..................................33 2015 CONTROL Table 7. Grazing and Forage (Silage, Hay, etc.) Intervals for Herbicide-Treated Corn ................................. 66 OHIO, INDIANA Table 8. Rainfast Intervals, Spray Additives, and Maximum Crop Size for Postemergence Corn Herbicides .........................................................................................................................................................68 AND ILLINOIS Table 9. Herbicides Labeled for Use on Field Corn, Seed Corn, Popcorn, and Sweet Corn ..................... 69 GUIDE Table 10. Herbicide and Soil Insecticide Use Precautions ......................................................................................71 Table 11. Weed Response to Herbicides in Popcorn and Sweet Corn—Grasses
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 9 Page 1 of 40 02/25/2020 Ord. 865
    CHAPTER 9 ORDERLY CONDUCT, PUBLIC NUISANCE, HEALTH AND SANITATION 9.01 Intent and Purpose 9.02 Public Nuisance Defined 9.03 Health Department 9.04 Abatement of Health Nuisances 9.05 Rules and Regulations 9.06 Communicable Diseases 9.07 Public Nuisances Affecting Health and Welfare (1) Adulterated and Unsafe Food (2) Unburied Carcasses (3) Breeding Places for Vermin, etc. (4) Water Pollution (5) Noxious Odors, etc. (6) Street Pollution (7) Air Pollution (8) Surface Waters Prohibited in the Sewage Disposal System (9) Noise Pollution, Regulation of Excessive Noise, Loud and Unnecessary Noise Prohibited (10) Offensive Industries (11) Property Maintenance, Vehicle Parking, Storage and Non Abandonment Code (12) Recycling, Compost, Garbage and Rubbish Removal Standards 9.08 Public Nuisances Offending Morals and Decency (1) Obscene Materials, Devices or Performances (2) Prostitution Prohibited (3) Disorderly Houses Prohibited (4) Gambling, Lotteries, Fraudulent Devices and Practices Prohibited (5) Alcohol and Drug Restrictions (6) Prohibition Against Possession Of Marijuana (7) Prohibition of the Sale, Possession, Manufacture, Delivery And Advertisement of Drug Paraphernalia 9.09 Public Nuisances Affecting Peace and Safety (1) Discharging and Carrying Firearms and Guns; Prohibitions (2) Throwing or Shooting of Arrows, Stones and Other Missiles Prohibited (3) Disorderly Conduct Prohibited (4) Alarm System Requirements and False Alarms Prohibited (5) Obedience to Officers (6) Destruction of Property Prohibited (7) Regulations Regarding School Property (8) Truancy Prohibited (9) Loitering Prohibited (10) Loitering of Minors (11) Civil Trespass (12) Theft or Retaining Possession of Library Materials Chapter 9 Page 1 of 40 02/25/2020 Ord. 865 (13) Illegal Buildings (14) Dangerous Trees and Tree Limbs (15) Regulation of Fireworks (16) Animals or Fowl (17) Obstruction of Streets, Sidewalks, and Public Spaces (18) Distribution of Handbills Prohibited (19) Open Cisterns, Wells, Basements Or Other Dangerous Excavations Prohibited.
    [Show full text]