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The Tango of Aids and Coffee Farming Households

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The Tango of Aids and Coffee Farming Households -- THE TANGO OF AIDS AND COFFEE FARMING HOUSEHOLDS Coping mechanisms Of Households To Mitigate The Impacts Of Aids On Human Capital In Coffee Production Systems Of Masaka District in Uganda A Research Project Submitted to Larenstein University of Applied Sciences in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Development, Specialising in Rural Development and HIV/AIDS By: Robert MUSENZE October 2012 “Tuli bazira, tetutya kwogerala nti tulina akawuka kasiriimu” (We are heroes; we speak out openly about our HIV status). - Namujuzi Ruth, group member Ani Yali Amanyi HIV group. Cover photos: By Robert MUSENZE Wageningen, the Netherlands Copyright © Robert MUSENZE, 2012. All rights reserved Dedication This thesis is dedicated to: Families affected by AIDS but never gave up the struggle to live on and tell the world that they can make it. The fallen Heroes who showed the world that they can stand and fight and encouraged us all to fight on. Carrying the fight against HIV/AIDS forward and never giving up by sharing their experiences to provide learning basis for those to come. Reading this thesis and finding it inspirational in their endeavours, may it be a guiding tool. "A LUTA CONTINUA, VITÓRIA É CERTA" i Acknowledgement This section is for acknowledging all those persons and institutions that aided in my stay, study, research and thesis processes. First and foremost, I acknowledge my family; Mr Joseph Kasajja Lukyamuzi, Mrs Sarah Nakawunde Kasajja, Mrs Betty Nakawooya, Misanvu Fred, Betty Nakyanzi, Namiwanda Rose Mary, Muwulya John Brian, Kawuuki Patrick, Kityamuwesi Simon, Nampuuga Jacqueline Linda, Namirembe Irene Stella, Lukyamuzi John Edward, Miti Julius Vincent, Lule Martin Bidens and Namukwaya Bridget for all your emotional, financial, moral, spiritual and psychological support that saw me through my studies. Secondly with special consideration and emphasis, I extend my gratitude and acknowledge the effort of my course coordinator and thesis supervisor Ms Koos Kingma for your effort in; educating, guiding and supporting throughout the whole education and thesis process. You have been a great source of inspiration, and motivation to me. I am more learned in HIV/AIDS and Gender than educated. Thank you very much. Next, I extend my sincere gratitude and appreciation to all the staff of NUFFIC, for it’s through their efforts that I received this scholarship. Followed by the staff of Van Hall Larenstein University through who efforts I got the education and qualification that I have. I promise you that all the skills, knowledge and experiences attained in this period shall be passed on to all the rural community and in-turn the nation for a better world tomorrow. Furthermore, I acknowledge the expertise, skills, knowledge, experiences, information, and assistance provided by the following persons; Mr(s) Edward Luntankome Ssentamu, Robert Ssentamu, Robert Wagwa Nsibirwa, Joseph Nkandu, Viola Nakato, Kakooza Hassan Mulagwe, Nanjagala Resty, Namyalo Margaret, Kalanga Joseph, Matia Mitala, Namujuzi Ruth, Nassazi Magdalene, Edward Muwanga, Munyoroaganze Robert, and Teopista Kayenga. I am most grateful, you were all critical to this thesis. Finally, I appreciate and acknowledge the efforts, support, offered to me by my colleagues—class mates and corridor mates—during my stay with them, and a special recognition to Rita Komalasari, Stella Ampiah, and Patricia Zeballos Rebaza. You were such a great support when I felt down you lifted my spirits high, gave me the courage to press on. I conclude by saying to you all, and those mentioned in this section: Mwebale nyo mwebalireddala, we mwatoola omukama abaddizeewo emirundi gyaba asiimye. (Thank you very much; may God bless you abundantly). ii Table of Contents Dedication .................................................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgement ..................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................... vii List of Acronyms..................................................................................................................................... viii Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The AIDS Pandemic in Uganda ............................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 The Status of AIDS in Uganda ........................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 Persistence of AIDS: ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2.3 Impacts of AIDS on human Capital ................................................................................. 3 1.3 The Agricultural Sector in Uganda .......................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Coffee Production in Uganda .......................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Causes of Coffee Production Decline.............................................................................. 5 1.4 About NUCAFE ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................. 8 1.6 The Objective .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Research Questions ................................................................................................................. 8 1.7.1 Main Questions ................................................................................................................ 8 1.7.2 Sub-Research Questions to ............................................................................................. 8 1.8 The Conceptual Framework: .................................................................................................... 9 1.9 Thesis Organisation ............................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 2 Literature Review ........................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Coffee Production .................................................................................................................. 11 2.2 Impacts of AIDS ..................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Impacts on an Individual ................................................................................................ 12 2.2.2 Impacts on a Household................................................................................................. 12 2.2.3 Impacts on Gender and Gender Roles ........................................................................... 13 2.2.4 Impacts on Coffee Production ........................................................................................ 14 2.2.5 Impacts on Human Capital ............................................................................................. 14 2.5 Coping Mechanisms ............................................................................................................... 15 iii 2.6 Complexity of Impacts of AIDS and Coping Mechanisms ...................................................... 16 2.7 Community Assets ................................................................................................................. 16 2.8 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 3 Research methodology .................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Study Area ............................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 Research Design .................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.1 The Desk-study .............................................................................................................. 19 3.2.1 Selection of the Households ........................................................................................... 19 3.3 Data Collection ....................................................................................................................... 20 3.3.1 The Introduction Phase .................................................................................................. 20 3.3.2 The Case-study .............................................................................................................
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