WORLD AIDS DAY AN EXHIBITION SATURDAY DECEMBER 1, 2018

UGANDA’S JOURNEY OF Highlights Foreward from PROGRESS TO ENDING AIDS the Irish Ambassador “You were either infected or a ected” - Namubiru Priscilla

This quote has inspired the title of the exhibition and the stories that you will experience. Priscilla is one of the many we interviewed for this undertaking. Messages from the Over a short few months the partners Ugandan Academy for Health Innovation and Impact at the Infectious Diseases Institute in University, The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) and the AIDS Commission (UAC) team joined together to try and capture a snapshot of Uganda’s story of HIV/AIDS from the era of ‘slim’ to the current fi ght against the OPINIONS epidemic.

Millions of Ugandans have been PAGETimeline 4 infected and millions further a ected by the virus and its A drama show by the TASO Mbarara team consequences. To unshackle ourselves from the burden of such profound experiences we this is a mosaic of stories to get us the narration has come to life. an experience that is both the must fi rst look back. Through closer to a better understanding country’s and an individual the stories and materials of the journey of HIV/AIDS in Seeing the scale and depth journey. donated to this e ort, we are Uganda. of such a story our team was able to see Uganda’s journey tasked with collecting iconic We invite you to interact with PAGE 6 from the unknown to the load To curate in this way is a experiences and following the exhibits and be united in of information on the virus challenge, but with the support patterns of narration to draw out the struggle to end HIV/AIDS available today. of the Embassy of Ireland, which themes and facts. in Uganda. has played a major role in the From fi lm, to newspaper, fi ght against HIV in Uganda, with The storyboard, which you will Kara Blackmore, archives and personal artifacts, a strong stance on prevention, fi nd on pages 10-11 follow with Curator Themes throughout history INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS Foreword from the Irish Ambassador Strong Government leadership and impressive progress

HIV and AIDS have long been at As the epidemic landscape has the heart of Ireland’s development “Success can lead changed, so too must our response. programme. We are extremely proud to complacency We need to work harder to reach the to have supported e orts that saw youth of Uganda, where coverage prevalence in this country reduce from and with 950 new of prevention e orts is most uneven. a high of 18% to 6%. Today, Ireland infections every week, With over 70% of Uganda’s rapidly invests almost a quarter of its 5-year growing population made up of young budget (€20 million) to support the complacency can people, harnessing demographic Government of Uganda in its fi ght be a very dangerous dividends is key and that means against HIV, which is more important ensuring a healthy, educated than ever. thing.” population. Through a partnership with NGOs Straight Talk Foundation, Before coming to Uganda and as former TASO, AMICAAL and NAFOPHANU, Ambassador of Ireland to Mozambique, vulnerability. Prevention must include Ireland supports specifi c interventions I was very aware of the high level both bio-medical interventions and to reach adolescents through youth political leadership and commitment to actions to address socio-cultural friendly corners in health facilities to the HIV response in Uganda, still very barriers. Ireland believes that a reduce HIV infections. I have been much alive through the Presidential Fast successful response to HIV requires inspired and impressed by so many Track Initiative. However, success can Ambassador a multi-sector approach. To give one individuals in Uganda, who are living lead to complacency and with 950 new example, a key driver to counteract positively and remain engaged in infections every week, complacency can William Carlos the epidemic remains education. Girls community mobilization and resource be a very dangerous thing. While yearly with post-primary education are fi ve mobilization. However, I am also infections have reduced dramatically Global Fund has so far provided over times more likely than illiterate women aware that levels of stigma among 90,000 - 46,000, the number remains $530 million to Uganda. Ireland remains to be educated on the topic of HIV young people remains high and can be the sixth highest in the world. an active voice in the Global Fund and AIDS. There are many drivers of a barrier to getting tested and seeking board to ensure funding goes where it the epidemic which require us to have treatment. Since 2006, Ireland has invested over is needed and in Uganda, we support a comprehensive, multi-dimensional 20 million Euros to support the fi ght the Global Fund Country Coordinating response. Through our engagement As we mark thirty years of World against HIV in Uganda, funding both the mechanism (CCM), where we are an in Karamoja, we also observe a rise in AIDS Day, it is important to take stock national and district local governments. active voice as board alternate. alcohol consumption, which could cause and see how we as partners can get The role of civil society has also been a resurge in infection rates and so we to zero new infections, building on a critical component of our investment Ireland has always been a strong voice must invest on many fronts. our successes but mindful of the into prevention through the Civil Society on prevention Data, Friday September 21, 2018 remaining challenges. 90% of the Fund from 2008 to 2016. Today, we and we are HIV response in Uganda remains continue to work closely with UNAIDS concerned that New infections externally funded and so it is critical in absence of and nine other UN agencies to support e orts to tackle ARVs from 2000 we make progress on domestic the HIV response in Karamoja and we structural factors to 2017 resource mobilization to ensure also fund the Uganda AIDS Commission have reduced sustainability of the approach. We to coordinate and strengthen the multi- in recent years. must also continue to strengthen sectoral approach to the response. These include the synergies in a multi-sector forced and response, seek e ciencies and As a founding member of the Global Fund early marriages, coordinate better to achieve more. to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria, Ireland gender-based Ireland will continue to support is also a strong advocate for increased violence, alcohol the Government of Uganda and investment in the HIV response and consumption its partners to achieve our shared health systems at a global level. The and economic SDG ambition of ending the HIV epidemic by 2030.

2 WORLD AIDS DAY 2018 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS Years of The AIDS Support Organisation

Dr Michael B. Etukoit Executive Director, TASO The history of HIV in Uganda, is interwoven with the history of The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO). For the past 31 years TASO has worked with individuals, families and communities President , pictured at the openning of a TASO centre. infected or a ected by HIV and AIDS, The quilts were made by families in memory of loved ones lost AIDS Development Partners and the Government of and beyond the borders sustainable intervention, TASO developed Hope at the end of the tunnel UNAIDS 90:90:90 treatment targets i.e. of Uganda. an exit strategy and introduced the Uganda adopted the Global UNAIDS by 2020, 90% of all people living with Sustainable Livelihood Programme. Under vision of Fast tracking ending AIDS by HIV will know their HIV status, 90% of The Beginning this programme, clients were equipped 2030; this includes Zero New Infections, all people with diagnosed HIV infection In 1987, while Uganda was recovering with di erent income generating and Zero HIV related deaths and Zero will receive sustained antiretroviral from a protracted war, with a new entrepreneurial skills. discrimination. Uganda also adopted the therapy and 90% of all people receiving Government in place, a group of people, antiretroviral therapy will have sustained some of whom were infected while viral suppression. I would like to say that others had lost friends and family to OVER THE LAST THREE DECADES STRIDES TOWARDS ENDING THE Uganda is on course to achieve these EPIDEMIC BY 2030 AIDS, came together to form a support targets by 2030. group. This group was registered as a 1980s This was a time of great fear, such as management, psychosocial According to Uganda AIDS Commission, membership organization in 1991 and denial, mistrust and stigma in Uganda. support, fi nance and administration. after the rigorous implementation of the The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) While the political arm was battling with This led to the myth that all those HIV combination prevention approach, was born. The fi rst clients were patients the unknown disease killing o those working in TASO are HIV positive. Most the number of new infections dropped abandoned by their relatives either on a who had survived the war, the medical people do not know that most of the 16 from 99,000 (2010) to 52,000 (2016). hospital bed or laying on the grass in the fraternity was trying to fi nd a cure and founders were NOT HIV positive. hospital compound. While these patients the population was ripe for any solution. After the late Philly Bongole Lutaaya What next after the exhibition? had di erent faces, family history and visited TASO, clients were trained in In January 2018, The AIDS Support cultural background, they had one thing The Ministry of Health HIV Testing Music, Dance and Drama for community Organisation (TASO) began in common; they had a disease which Policy (November 1990), reported that sensitisation. TASO expert clients have implementation of a new strategic plan nobody could identify. all districts in Uganda had reported travelled across the globe to speak to 2018 - 2022. In this strategic period From a small family support group, it cases of AIDS by the end of 1989. In only high level decision making bodies and TASO will operate under the guidance expanded into an organisation with 11 7 years, the disease had spread from give a face to HIV and AIDS. Notable of three major goals. This exhibition falls Centres of Excellence in 11 districts; Gulu, the fi rst cases identifi ed at Kasensero among these were Olivia Nantongo right into goal number 3 of this strategic Jinja, , Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Landing site – Kyotera (in 1982) to the (RIP) who addressed the US Congress. plan which is; Develop an E ective Mbarara, Rukungiri, Soroti, Tororo and rest of the country. These statistics Many have made presentations Knowledge Management Hub: TASO Wakiso, with a high disease burden in were collected from only women at the during the various international AIDS has gained a wealth of knowledge and relation to AIDS. These districts were Antenatal clinics. The number of men conferences. experience over the last 3 decades. located in major transport corridors and infected could only be estimated. Cases It intends to optimize this knowledge because of the subsequent creation of of AIDS related death were reported in A group of adolescents and youth, to empower others in the fi ght against new districts from all of them, they have the communities either as death due whose parents had died or were living HIV/AIDS and to seek new and better grown from the original 11 to over 30 to “witchcraft” or due to an unknown with HIV, set up a peer support group methods of preventing, caring and districts. disease. It is upon this background with support from TASO. This was treating others, supporting families that TASO founders decided not only called the AIDS Challenge Youth Club. and communities and strengthening The TASO philosophy to care for those infected, but also their This club encouraged formation of health infrastructure; TASO is working TASO was built on the philosophy of family members who were a ected school chapters within di erent schools to establish a Museum of HIV/AIDS living positively with HIV and AIDS also by HIV and AIDS and facing very high and information material was provided through which it will share its models referred to as Positive Living. This means stigma and discrimination. by Government PIASCY programme. It of service delivery, lessons learned and that all people should have a collective During this time, TASO extended its also laid the foundation on which the challenges faced. and positive attitude towards HIV and services from Kampala to other districts Straight Talk Foundation was built. AIDS and understand that it a ects in the country. It also began conducting A preservation of the hard earned anyone, regardless of age, race, religion training for HIV Counselling. 2000s The earlier part of this period lessons of decades combating HIV/ or sex. TASO has a vision to see a world saw the introduction of Antiretroviral AIDS could in future be used to shorten without HIV or AIDS and is on a mission 1990s Since Therapy into Uganda. This is the time the pain and anguish of new epidemics to contribute to a process of preventing seven of the when more people with typically by containing them in a shorter period of HIV, restoring hope and improving the founders were non-medical training began serving time or achieving a quicker elimination. quality of life of people, families and themselves in the medical fi eld. For example, communities infected and a ected by living with AIDS, TASO trained family members as Appreciation HIV infection and disease. TASO decided companions, it recruited TASO would like to express its sincere to employ them and trained social workers to and heartfelt appreciation to all its After partnering with the World Food to o er services deliver ARVs to bedridden patients donors past, present and future who Programme and the US funded ACDI/ within their fi eld and to conduct HIV testing and have enabled it to keep the candle of VOCA to provide food supplements to its of expertise counselling together with clinicians. hope burning. clients and realizing that this was not a

EXHIBITION CATALOGUE 3 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS Lest we forget: Let us emulate our pioneers and heroes in the HIV response

for 3 specifi c regions (Kampala/ Wakiso, Mid-Western and West Nile Regions) using US government resources (PEPfAR) through the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The IDI, a brainchild of the Academic Alliance for HIV/ AIDS Prevention and Treatment in Africa — 9 Ugandan and 5 North American physicians- has emerged as a credible model for utilising the considerable academic capacity at a leading institution of higher learning to meet signifi cant real-world societal challenges.

Dr. Andrew D In my view, we need to Kambugu deliberately commemorate, Executive Director, Infectious recognise, celebrate and Diseases Institute, Makerere emulate these pioneers and University their concerted e orts. There is no shortage of ideas on how he image of an we could do this. From naming emaciated, deathly opportunities for buildings, pale man with roads and other infrastructure, curly hair and thick Innocent Kwebiha aromatherapist at TASO administering the a massage with essential to invited annual lectures and sunglasses is fi rmly oils to a patient. During this time many medical workers were not known to touch patients events and to coveted university etchedT in my memory to this day. professorships and chairs. It was a warm afternoon in 1989, Uganda and the initial response This dark episode was soon at a leading school in Uganda, to this deadly threat. Many “We thus have challenged by pioneering spirits, As we approach the 1st of and I was one of the terrifi ed have not witnessed the horror a generation individuals and communities, December, let me use this teenagers listening to the strong of a slow, excruciating, and who sought to make a di erence opportunity to salute these voice of this forlorn fi gure, dehumanising death that millions that, having not and who were determined pioneers in the Ugandan HIV warning us about the reality of Ugandans experienced at the had fi rst-hand to change the narrative. response and to voice my profuse of AIDS based on his personal hands of HIV/AIDS. And these Their stories need to be told, appreciation to all our partners experience. The man identifi ed were no strangers; they were experience of the preserved and venerated. in this great documentation himself as Philly Bongole cherished sons and daughters, deadly devastation e ort of the History of HIV/AIDS Lutaaya. He had hit the Uganda dedicated fathers and mothers, Having immersed myself in the in our country. We are grateful music scene thick and fast in the dear friends and colleagues, occasioned HIV/AIDS response over the to the Embassy of Ireland that mid-eighties and most of us in classmates and workmates by AIDS, may past decade and a half, I am has provided the funding which the audience were in awe of his with great promise, teachers, aware of countless stories that made this initiative possible. musical genius. In that moment, health professionals, farmers, e ortlessly take for need to be told. My mentor over We are greatly indebted to Dr HIV/AIDS ceased to be a notion, uniformed service personnel, granted the great the years, Prof. Elly Katabira, the Chrisine Ondoa, Former Minister a headline in the news, a story. rich, poor, hardly any family or pioneer in providing HIV care of Health and Executive Director HIV/AIDS was a reality, personal segment of society was spared progress that has and treatment and who inspired Uganda AIDS Commission, and terrifying. from this nightmare. been made in HIV many of the HIV/AIDS care and as well as Dr Michael Etukoit treatment e orts in Uganda and who envisioned this project With hindsight, it is not hard to If Philly Lutaaya and countless prevention and the African region, has a great at an Academy brainstorming imagine what great courage and others who lost the battle to AIDs treatment.” story to tell. As the Co-Chair session. The team including selfl essness Philly summoned in were to somehow be transported of the advisory board at the colleagues at The AIDS Support order to translate his personal back to the present time, they Ugandan Academy for Health Organisation (TASO) and trials and tribulations related would be pleased to note that the great progress that has and Innovation and Impact at Uganda AIDS Commission (UAC) to his AIDS diagnosis into a a diagnosis with HIV infection been made in HIV prevention the Infectious Diseases Institute and our curator Kara Blackmore powerful national awareness is no longer a death sentence. and treatment. It is not hard in , Elly have worked extremely hard campaign. How many did he They would be hard-pressed to to imagine that in this context, has continued to contribute to collate this extensive and encourage to be strong and to fi nd emaciated deathly fi gures complacency may set in, setting to that story. As the current rich repository of reference face a certain death with dignity? covered in sores and confi ned up a recipe for disaster. This IDI Executive Director, I am materials. However, this would Have we fully appreciated his to dark spaces waiting for the is not far-fetched as we see extremely delighted and proud also not be possible but for the contribution to bring home the inevitable end to come. With glimpses of it in other settings. that The Ugandan Academy is generosity of time and loan of reality of a dreadful disease that over a million Ugandans on working with TASO and Uganda materials from many of our other could be thwarted by making antiretroviral therapy, HIV has A vivid example of the AIDS Commission to host an HIV implementing partners, informed choices? become a chronic manageable consequences of complacency is exhibition on the HIV response NGOs, researchers and “Icons” This and many other stories, of condition. And the icing on the the recent resurgence of another over the past 30 years at the of the HIV response who have courage, vision, selfl essness cake is that on top of enabling sexually transmitted disease Uganda Museum from the 1st supported this initiative. and of challenging the standard the recovery of the protective (syphilis) in young populations of December 2018 (World AIDS narrative, may be lost to current immune system, antiretroviral in urban Western communities Day). +On behalf of all my co-workers and future generations unless drugs once taken appropriately when e ective measures for in the HIV/AIDS response at me make concerted and will make one much less likely HIV prevention including pre- Like Prof. Katabira, who is one the Institute, I would like to deliberate e orts to preserve to transmit the virus to another. exposure prophylaxis become of its founding members, the rea rm our collective pledge them. E ective HIV treatment for the readily available and accessible. IDI is a pioneering e ort that to tirelessly continue investing individual is also prevention for With no credible solution for currently serves one in three in the future and impacting real Uganda is one of the youngest that individual’s sexual network. AIDS in sight in the eighties Ugandans living with HIV and is lives; and as part of the Makerere countries. With a median age We thus have a generation and nineties, Ugandan society, a leading implementing partner University community to echo of 15.5 years, more than half of that, having not had fi rst-hand like other societies, responded of the Ministry of Health in the our commitment to Build for the the country population have experience of the deadly by isolating and stigmatizing area of comprehensive HIV/ Future. no personal recollection of the devastation occasioned by AIDS, individuals, families and AIDS programming. IDI provides beginnings of the HIV/AIDS in may e ortlessly take for granted communities a ected by AIDS. district-based HIV programming For God and My Country

4 WORLD AIDS DAY 2018 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS Take some time to refl ect on your personal journey terrible side e ects – allergic reactions must preserve these memories, so that where people’s whole skin became red “It felt like a war we understand what it took to make these and angry and their eyes closed up, against HIV, and gains. The Academy social scientists, Dr painful peripheral neuropathy making Rachel King and Dr Phoebe Kajubi will be walking di cult. We were studying how we lost many brave undertaking some research to capture to prevent cryptococcal disease, which people who fought so the responses to the exhibition of over killed people with horrible headaches. 500 young people we hope will visit over Occasionally there was time to refl ect and hard along the way. the month of December. Dr Rosalind remember; I will never forget standing Unfortunately, some We also urge you to bring your family and on the grass between our clinic and friends – the exhibition is here until 21st Parkes-Ratanshi TASO Masaka hearing the TASO anthem people were too ill to December and is free to enter. Director at The Ugandan Academy for the fi rst time. It was so haunting and be saved” moving but still hopeful. With drama Thank you n my interview to enter medical groups becoming rarer these days we We still are allowing over 40,000 people We would like to give thanks to the school I was asked to talk about must not forget how dance and drama –including many young women and girls Embassy of Ireland especially Aine Doody, a medical problem that fascinated can be such a powerful tool for the group to get infected every year. If we lose Jackie Katana, Lorraine Gallagher and me. I chose to talk about HIV. It members, PLHIV and their relatives international support for HIV programs Eimear McDermott who listened to our was 1991, 7 years after the HIV virus as well as health workers. Dance and people may not be able to access life- wild idea and made it a reality. To Sylvia Ihas been isolated. It was 4 years after drama communicates, it inspires, it helps preserving ART. We must keep working to Matovu from TASO for her patient and the fi rst HIV drug had been developed us to grieve and to survive. reach those not on treatment, to prevent dogged hunting down of all the people and Princess Diana has visited AIDS new infections and sustain the treatment and objects she could fi nd, and to Dr patients in a London Hospital. There had Luckily, with really e ective ART and a for those that are doing well. Etukoit and the TASO board for o ering been a massive and controversial TV massive country response we are in a permanent space for the exhibit in the advertising campaign with tombstones very di erent place to the start of the The exhibition long term at TASO, for the Academy team and icebergs that a generation of epidemic 30 years ago or even the When this exhibition was suggested by the (Diana Asimwe-Bena, Tracy Ahumuza and young people in the UK have never start of the ART roll out 15 years ago. Ugandan Academy of Health Innovation Ruth Nalunga) for their co-ordination and forgotten. Much was still unknown about However, we must never forget how and Impact advisory board members perseverance. Especially, thanks to Kara transmission and there was no e ective fragile our gains are. We have 1.1 million (especially Hon. Dr Christine Ondoa and Blackmore for her expert curatorial skill long term treatment. In the UK we were people on treatment, but we are still Dr Michael Etukoit) I was really excited. and insight; without her this exhibition just starting to learn about how bad the missing over 200,000 people who are at On a personal level, I am happy to be would be a random collection of bits problem was in sub-Saharan Africa, but risk of deaths that we are able to prevent. working with the Uganda Museum, which of paper rather than the coherent and in Uganda people who are now friends I feel is an often overlooked national moving experience it is. and colleagues were already losing treasure that I spent many happy hours their loved ones to HIV. Despite having in with my children when they were small. Finally, we would like to thank all the never met a person living with HIV, More importantly I feel that understanding many people and organisations-both HIV was fi rmly embedded in my future 40,000 our HIV journey is important for our young icons of the fi ght and those living with career plans. people. HIV everyday who have contributed People – including their time, items and memories to this My fi rst patient Over 50% of our population are young, collection. We thank you as visitors I looked after my fi rst HIV patient at the many young women but many do not remember seeing for joining us at the exhibition and we Royal London Hospital in 1997. He was people with “Slim”. The horror stories hope you learn something new. Most a young man terrifi ed of us even writing and girls to get such as whole families being wiped out, importantly we request that you use the that we were testing him for HIV in his or using all your money to buy ARVs week exhibition to take some time to refl ect on medical records. The stigma, rather infected every year by week to survive are in the past. But we your personal history with HIV. than his illness, is what I remember most about trying to look after him; as a junior doctor I felt helpless in calming his anxiety.

Uganda When I fi rst came to Uganda in 2003, I was privileged to be working at the Medical Research Council Unit in Masaka where we set up a research clinic alongside TASO Masaka. TASO’s fi rst ARVS came to Masaka and it was incredible to see the recovery of those fi rst patients. Unfortunately, some people were too ill to be saved. We had just started testing for CD4 counts and I remember the sinking feeling in my stomach of opening results with CD4 counts of 1, 4, or even 0, knowing that even with ARVs these people would struggle to make it. (CD4 cells are white cells that are an essential part of our immune system but are killed by HIV. CD4 counts are the marker of how severe and late the HIV infection is.) With those low CD4 counts the fi rst few months of ARV treatment were really tough and people died. On the other hand ARVs were so rationed that you found yourself hoping that someone had a low CD4 count so that you could get them on treatment as soon as possible. But even starting people on ARVs was scary. I remember

EXHIBITION CATALOGUE 5 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS

ganda is reputed gender inequalities, cultural all over the world and traditional factors, marriage as a pioneer and Coordinating the HIV and family values, poverty leader in the and wealth; concurrent and fi ght against HIV multiple sexual partnerships, Uand AIDS. This reputation was discordance and non- attained due to the leadership response over years disclosure, transactional and of H.E Yoweri Kaguta Museveni commercial sex, low, incorrect who personally led the national and inconsistent condom use, campaign against HIV and AIDS alcohol, substance and drug in the late 1980s and 1990s that abuse, stigma, limited powers signifi cantly shaped the story of to negotiate safe sex, human the HIV epidemic in Uganda, in rights and discrimination, an era of limited HIV treatment. permissiveness and moral By his example, the President decadence as well as limited inspired other leaders- political, male involvement, among other religious, cultural or civic, at all factors which have provided levels, to show leadership in the a fertile ground to sustain the fi ght against HIV and AIDS in epidemic in Uganda. their constituencies. The fi ght against HIV/AIDS will In 1992, the Uganda AIDS be easier if people know their Commission was created by law HIV status. We can only end AIDS of Parliament to coordinate HIV/ if we know our HIV status and AIDS multi-sectoral response. Dr Nelson the only way to know is to take Many representatives from Musoba an HIV test. Through taking an countries all over the world Director General, Uganda HIV test, an HIV positive person came to Uganda to learn and AIDS Commission will be started on medication, be inspired by our experience. taken e ectively to reduce viral Indeed, HIV prevalence had load and therefore less likely to markedly reduced from 18% in infect an HIV negative partner. 1995 to 6.4% by 2005. Product (GDP) growth rate as a On the other hand, a negative result of HIV. Without HIV, the person should guard against However, between 2005 and GDP was projected to grow by getting infected. Mothers have 2011, several of the gains were 6.5% per year until 2025. With done a lot in preventing mother- reversed due to complacency. HIV, the annual growth rate is to-child transmission of HIV, but Uganda lost its focus on reduced to about 5.3% over of what use is it to bring children behaviour as the centerpiece the same period. Overall, with up only to lose them when they of our e orts to reduce new HIV, the economy will shrink by become sexually active? infections. The population 39% by 2025 (Macroeconomic became complacent probably Impact of HIV study, 2007). HIV is around and it still kills. due to the advent of ARVs It is the responsibility of each and as a result, the number of In June 2017, His Excellency individual, especially those new HIV infections in Uganda launched the Presidential Fast- the various interventions being world is committed to ending below the age of 18 years to increased by 21% between Track to end AIDS as a public implemented by stakeholders. AIDS as a public health threat by abstain from sex until they are 2005 and 2011. Health threat by 2030. This was 2030. This calls for acceleration ready for the consequences intended to act a catalyst to Uganda, like the rest of the of e orts to combat the and responsibilities that come HIV and AIDS continue to pose epidemic at an adequate scale with sex. It is also important a big challenge in Uganda. of interventions that have been to note that just because your Approximately 1.32 million known to produce desired friends are having sex does people are living with HIV today results. not mean you should have sex with 1,141,489 on antiretroviral because the consequences are therapy. Although markedly Among so many factors drive not shared among friends. reduced, 50,000 new HIV the HIV epidemic including: infections were registered in It is a responsibility and should 2017 and 20,000 people also “The fi ght be in the interest of every adult died of AIDS-related causes in to be faithful to their sexual the same period. Of concern is against HIV/ partner. Every adult should the disproportionate number of AIDS will be protect themselves and their new infections among young partners by testing, knowing people and, in particular young easier if people their HIV status and using a women and girls. The impact of know their HIV condom. Everybody should HIV has also spread across to refrain from discriminating the economy. Analysis shows a status.” against persons living with or reduction of the Gross Domestic a ected by the AIDS disease. Voices on positive living

"Before I had multiple sexual partners Before, I hated my life. I did not care but now ever since I was taught I about taking my pills. I did not matter realized that it is my life that I am whether I skipped my pills for the day wasting then I stopped. Even if a “Some HIV positive people should be explained or spent a week without swallowing. man comes to me with money I still to. When they fi nd out they are HIV positive, Sometimes it is hard to get food so I say no. but before (haha) I used not they think it is the end of the world for them, end up not swallowing them. But now, to refuse, I would think “after all I yet they are healthier than one who has not yet even if I have just water, I take my am already infected” found out their status. I want to encourage them dose knowing I will get some food in so that they remain strong and know that they the morning.” (Female, 23 years). are still alive. Because someone who is sick is (Male, 22 years). bedridden, but you are alive and well and able to work, which means you are not sick. (Male, 24 years).

8 WORLD AIDS DAY 2018 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS The Genesis: Digging into the archives

Working with the team Sylvia Matovu On the team of organisers are some Librarian, TASO of the best “databanks” in Uganda as regards to HIV/AIDS. They have names, contacts, networks, history, background, ideas, motivation, skills. he journey for this project We started out only three people doing began in January 2017 while the brainstorming and leg work. We had I was doing some short only one gentleman, Dr Ronnie Kasirye, term assignments for The who sadly left before the project was AIDS Support Organisation completed. He was replaced by Mr Ivan (TASO).T I was assigned to set up a TASO Katwesigye who came in as a volunteer museum. In addition to that assignment, for records management. This still left I requested to re-organise the now a team of about ten (10) women to TASO College of Health Sciences library organise what you see today. and to set up an information archive. My idea was that the old library material Along the way, I have witnessed some would be archived and the information really fancy ideas, some of which have in storage used to set up the historical evolved to what is in the exhibition. museum. Our only limitation thus far has been While doing this, I was asked by the TASO practicability in terms of resources, time, Executive Director - Dr Michael Etukoit, accessibility to material and individuals to contact the Ugandan Academy for with stories to allow us to present what Health Innovation and Impact, based Sylvia, during the collection of materials and plotting of the timeline at a we have on display today. Rather than at the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI). stakeholder meeting in August, 2018 trace the history of HIV in Uganda, we We were to write a joint proposal to collected as much material as possible organise an exhibition on old IEC/BCC fi ght against HIV in di erent capacities. knowledge management at the Uganda and let it guide us on what to do. material developed in Uganda or for However, it is because of my father, a AIDS Commission. The other was Ms How many people have listened to the Uganda during the 1980s and 1990s. As former politician who began this work Sylivia Nabakka at the TASO College of personal stories of the doctors who a member of their advisory board, he in the 80s as a Resistance Committee Health Sciences in . treated HIV patients when they did not had mentioned that TASO was going to Chairperson that I remembered the A lot of the information was also drawn know what they were treating and that set up a museum. The other members, handbooks, manuals and posters he out during the two stakeholders’ the patient had no hope of survival? We had suggested that an exhibition would had to carry around for community meetings, visits to veteran media tend to look at the professional side be a great prelude to the museum. sensitization. I looked for and found personnel such as Bart Kakooza and forget that as human beings, they copies of these at the ministries of (MediaPlus) and David Mutu (Uganda too are a ected. I contacted the Ugandan Academy and Health and Education libraries. My AIDS Commission) as well as informal We have been to organisations, met was asked several questions as to why father had also worked with the Uganda talks with people who preferred to be people, collected material, listened to TASO wanted to set up a museum. Top Virus Research Institute in Entebbe and interviewed o -the-record. some really personal stories that might on my list, as an information scientist, as a biologist, health is his interest. I never had been shared and hopefully was to share information from TASO asked him to tell me specifi cally about What was it like putting together all what we have put together compels that has never been made public or the setting up of the parliamentary this material? you to go take an HIV test or encourage that has been forgotten by the public, committee on HIV and establishment of In no particular order it was fun, hectic, others to ensure that Uganda is not information I felt could enable people Uganda AIDS Commission. exasperating, inspiring and generally among the countries still reporting HIV- and organisations to learn more worth it. I never thought I would have related deaths. from TASO. It would provide a great I had also had a chance earlier, while reason to collect old material. I did educational place for all things TASO doing my post graduate in London, UK, not think that I would be excited over Appreciation and HIV-related. Dr Etukoit’s public to visit the Wellcome Library. Our host an old records book showing people A big thank you to all our donors, health and managerial point of view used examples of posters on HIV from who tested for HIV in 1989 regardless these include those we interviewed was that, if HIV was expected to end Uganda. Imagine my joy when I saw that of their sero status. Neither did I think or planned to interview, those who as a health epidemic in 2030, then someone had kept what I did not even I would have to interview my parents’ emailed, those we visited, those who TASO was the right organisation to know I would need several years later. contemporaries and my former bosses. sent material and those who called or showcase what has been done over As a health librarian, I used my network But there we are. Video interviews with made a verbal contribution. Every bit the last 31 years of its existence. These of other health librarians to search for them gave us invaluable insights into contributed to the fi nal picture. answers and many more ideas shared possible sources and contacts. My 14 the challenges and lessons they learnt To the team I have worked with on during the subsequent meetings, years of service with TASO meant I when HIV/AIDS, which would quickly this, thank you for letting me be part were the foundation upon which this knew most of the people, organisations spread like a wild fi re, had just been of such a creative, dynamic and all exhibition was built. Our fi rst proposal and the material that was used for discovered in Uganda. They also gave round inspirational team. I make special was not successful but the second one, communication on HIV and AIDS. One us the historical background of many of mention of the curation team led by submitted to the Embassy of Ireland, of those people is Ms. Susan Candiru the lead organisations in Uganda in the Ms. Kara Blackmore and including came through. For this amazing journey who is in charge of information and fi eld of HIV. Ms Candiru, Ms Carol Nansumba, Mr so far, I say thank you to the Embassy Katwesigye. I cannot leave out the Ireland for this great opportunity. “lone ranger” on the communication and media team Ms. Tracy Ahumuza, What made my work easy? because we also worked closely Several things. While we were re- together in that area. organising the TASO Library, we had put aside several items that could be To the TASO family, thank you for used for the museum. Therefore, by the enduring my constant requests for time I had to identify material for the information. We have made huge exhibition, nearly all of the old material strides towards our museum. We are had already been identifi ed and put not there yet, so do not relax, more aside. work is coming to us. I thought back to the AIDS sensitization I To you dear reader or visitor to the received while in primary and secondary exhibition, thank you. Neither the war school; the drama competitions for “The nor the victory belong to an individual or Riddle” and “The Hydra”, the posters, single organization; they both belong to the sounding of the drum on radio and all of us as Ugandans and people of the plays like ‘Gampisi’ and ‘Ndiwulira’. I world. Let us continue this conversation knew that for generations younger than and action until we are free of HIV and I am, these were myths. During the stakeholder dinner, many pictures like this of a group of HIV positive members of AIDS. a drama group that dramatised the scourge. The picture was taken by Michael Jenssen My parents have both supported the

EXHIBITION CATALOGUE 9 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS MAJOR THEMES IN THE 30 YEAR FIGHT AGAINST HIV UNKNOWN TESTING There was a time when a The fi rst HIV Test came to Uganda in 1986 through special strange disease crept into research programs. People remember in 1995 that you the borders of Uganda. could pay 1,000 Uganda Shillings for a test. Then, it could Many didn’t know how take two weeks until the results arrived. It took nearly a or where such painful decade to have testing widely and freely available to Ugandans. death was coming from. Now the test takes just a few minutes and can be done under a Perhaps people were tree anywhere in the country. There was a time that expectant being cursed? Perhaps the mothers were tested in a mandatory clinical setting. By 2015, war with the Tanzanians Dr Christine Ondoa, the then Minister of Health confi rmed that had infected the people on Uganda had reduced Mother to Child Transmission by 86%. The their path? In this moment technology has advanced so much that today there are saliva tests of the unknown, people that can detect HIV. would see their loved ones wasting away, becoming slim until they were no more. CARING Caring for people with AIDS in the beginning was extremely di cult. They were considered as outcasts and contagious. Seeing how stigma alienated people, organizations and medical professionals set up clinics, outreach programmes, drama groups KNOWING and other strategies to demystify the disease. The dedicated To know you and your nation individuals and groups wanted to show that people with AIDS were have AIDS can be a shock. not to be feared but embraced, loved and cared for. The fi eld of Moving towards a better counseling emerged from this work and is now a key aspect of all understanding of the disease HIV/AIDS work. took time. The Government, To survive was both about organizations and individuals hope and about caring. At aggressively tried to make fi rst, many people did not sense of what was happening. survive the disease, they Why had so many people perished in large numbers. died in such a di cult way? In the late 1990s more Who would be next? Through than one million orphans openness and vocalizing were documented to have peoples’ status, Uganda came been victims to losing their to know that we were facing parents to AIDS. Caring for a major problem with tens of these young ones was often the primary goal of dying parents. thousands showing symptoms Yet over time treatments and testing helped to make survival of “Slim” in the 1980s and 1990s. To tackle the epidemic something more than a mental state of being. key individuals spoke out as persons infected with HIV. Teams identifi ed sources of transmission and promoted A number of organisations grew up from people wanting to help campaigns to create behavioral change. The country had and make a di erence. The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) to come to terms with a killer in our midst. is the greatest example of this, a home grown organization established by people directly a ected by HIV/AIDS. These have now grown to hundreds of National NGOs and community based organisations we see today.

BELIEVING Believing that AIDS was real in Uganda took courage and deep understanding. People did not want to REMEMBERING recognize the realities around them. Voices spoke Remembering those who have lost their lives to AIDS is not an easy task. out, despite the shame and criticism, to claim back They have been taken, like many, since the early days of the unknown. their dignity. Scientifi c advances in understanding Most times the last funeral rites do not acknowledge the cause of death, HIV supplied the religious institutions, the army and for fear of speaking ill of the deceased. However, being honored, and the Government, ammunition that enabled Ugandans remembered for the struggle is part of the heroic journey of HIV/AIDS to take a leap of faith. President Museveni showing in Uganda. Through memory books, candlelight memorials and vigils, strong leadership and individuals spoke out for a quilted blankets and personal mementoes, those who lost their lives to better chance at survival. AIDS are kept alive.

10 WORLD AIDS DAY 2018 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS MAJOR THEMES IN THE 30 YEAR FIGHT AGAINST HIV MUSIC, DANCE AND DRAMA Music and drama were used to educate people and transmit information about HIV/ AIDS into communities across Uganda. Groups tried to warn their fellow Ugandans about the dangers of AIDS. Through competition and public displays the message about the epidemic was spread. One of the most popular plays, Ndiwulira (1991) was formally supported by the Government to capture the cultural form of communi- cation. The Hydra and The Riddle were also part of school drama competitions.

PREVENTING TREATING In the 80s, information, education and communication through music, There were no treatments for HIV/AIDS in the dance and drama led the approach to prevention and in 1986 President beginning. Doctors and herbalists could only treat Museveni launched the ‘Zero grazing’ campaign to encourage the opportunistic infections. Provision of Antiretroviral people to stick to one sexual partner. However, it was realised that drugs (ARVs) was pioneered by Joint Clinical Research communication alone could not change the ways, mindset and attitudes Center (JCRC) in 1992 using a single drug (zidovudine). of people to infl uence behaviour. Condoms became a key part of More drugs became available through the JCRC as the ABC response – Abstinence, Be faithful, use a Condom. Today soon as they were discovered in the USA and Europe. prevention includes a combination of actions to address both socio- These treatments were intended to suppress the viral cultural barriers and bio-medical interventions including prevention load (amount of the virus) that was in peoples’ bodies. of mother to child transmission, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PreP), and Some of the ARVs came via the country’s borders and voluntary medical male circumcision. The combination strategy led to were expensive. Supply was erratic and they were a reduction of HIV but today there is a worrying increase in infection only available for a few of the patients. They also had among adolescents and young people. With 950 new HIV infections bad side-e ects. In the early 1990s it would cost a every week in Uganda, prevention must remain a key focus. patient nearly one million shillings for a monthly dose of ARVs. By the end of the 1990s that amount had been reduced to nearly 600,000. In 2002, when the JCRC imported generic drugs from India fro the fi rst time, many working class HIV infected patients were able to access much cheaper ARVs with about 9,000 MILITARY IMPACT patients receiving ARVs at the time. In 2003, the The army has a signifi cant place in the history of HIV/AIDS in fi rst US Presidents Emergency Fund for AIDS Relief Uganda. In the early years, people thought AIDS was a curse (PEPFAR) established by President George W. Bush brought on by the war with the Tanzanians. People believed provided funding for ART. This has transformed HIV that soldiers had committed crimes and were paying for their care, allowing over 1.1 million people to access free wrongdoings. Prof. Elly Katabira remembers that the very fi rst antiretroviral treatment (ART) at government and faith AIDS patient in Hospital’s AIDS clinic was a soldier. based health facilities. Taking treatment for HIV has In 2001, the Uganda Peoples Defence Forces (UPDF) set up been stigmatized here in Uganda. People have been a special task force to treat and educate soldiers with HIV/ forced to hide their medications from fear of social AIDS. The militant approach taken by the National Resistance criticism. Today we encourage medicine companions Army and President Yoweri Museveni has set a clear mission who support the family member in taking their for citizens of Uganda. medications regularly and correctly.

THETA ADVOCATING “Every Ugandan has lost a relative or friend because of AIDS. Economic More than thirty years of HIV/AIDS in Uganda has hardships have not enabled people to access expensive modern medicine. brought us to a place of advocacy. To advocate is However, healers have herbal treatments for specifi c HIV/AIDS symptoms to be a partner in understanding, testing, treating, for which few or no modern therapeutic alternatives are available in the and counseling. Many people live positively and region. The organization of Traditional and modern Health practitioners guide us into meaningful ways of seeing life with together against AIDS and other diseases (THETA) was established in 1992 to HIV. incorporate scientifi c practices into the traditional medical knowledge through We know that young women and girls are the most promotion of research into traditional herbal treatments, training of traditional vulnerable to infection. Their voices showcase a healers, documentation and dissemination of traditional medical knowledge.” way to navigate the next era of struggle against -THETA 1998. Since the availability of Highly Active Anti-retroviral Treatment the epidemic. These messages from social media (HAART or ART for short) PLHIV are advised that the ART drugs are highly show us a way in which people live positively. e ective and work well without the need for herbal medication. PLHIV are They fi nd love, comfort and facts through forums advised to tell their HIV doctor if they would like to use herbal medication and messages. We invite you to enter the boxes to alongside their ART as there can be drug interactions. see what the current issues are.

EXHIBITION CATALOGUE 11 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The exhibition and curatorial • Canon Byamugisha team extend sincere thanks • Mrs Mary Oduka Ochan to all organisations and • Moses supercharger individuals who gave of their • Founder JCRC time and resources, physical • Widow of Bishop Misaeri or intellectual. Kawuma • Dr Christine Ondoa Implementing partners • Prof. Elly Katabira. • Mildmay Uganda • Dr Anatoli Kamali • Uganda Virus Research • Prof. Nelson Institute Ssewankambo • Rakai Health Sciences • Prof. Sylvia Tamusuza Program • Prof. Mirembe Florence • MUJHU Research • Ms Florance Lubwama Collaboration • Mr Samuel Lubinga • PEPFAR Uganda • Mr Micheal Mwayi • AMICAALL • Ms Annet Tumusiime • Straight Talk Foundation • Philly Lutaaya Foundation • Ministry of Gender, Labor and • Mr Muhamad Kalyesubula • IDI Academy board members Social Development • Mr Charles Ocatre • Uganda Museum Government ministries and • The O ce of the President • Ms Rhoda Adite • Makerere University agencies • Mr Daniel Seruboga Department of Fine Art • Ministry of Education and Associations in Uganda • Mr Allan Lobong • Save the children UK in Sports • World Health Organization • Ms Doreen Mugerwa Uganda • Ministry of Health • UNAIDS • Ms Priscilla Namubiru • IHK • National Archives of Uganda • UNESCO • Ms Vivian Namara • KCCA clinic • AIDS Information Center • Joint Clinical Research Center • Ms Fatuma Nalubwama • Reach out Parish HIV/ • Uganda Broadcasting • Communication for Healthy • Ms Regina Kamoga AIDS Initiative Cooperation (UBC) Communities (CHC) | FHI360 • Dr Cissy Kityo • Vision Group • UN Women • Cannon Gidion Byamugisha Associations in Uganda • Parliament of Uganda Individuals / champions • Dr David Matovu Welcome • Islamic Medical Association • Uganda Printing and • Dr Donna Kabatesi Trust Uganda (IMAU) Publishing Press • Mr Kiyimba Musisi • Prof. Pontiano Kaleebu • THETA • Makerere University • Prof. Sam Okware • Mrs Florence Erugudo • NAFOPHANU • Uganda AIDS Commission • Major Ruranga Rubaramira Mwebale nyo...Apwoyo matek...Thank you...Eyalama noi,..Mwebare munonga

Design and Layout by Tracy Ahumuza, George Mukasa

12 WORLD AIDS DAY 2018 INFECTED OR AFFECTED: UGANDA’S JOURNEY TOWARDS ENDING AIDS

• Dr Anthony Lwegaba, • Founding of TASO and the Immune • Number of children then working as Suppression Syndrome (ISS) clinic infected in pregnancy/ a Medical Offi cer was started by Prof. Elly Katabira HIV/AIDS THROUGH THE YEARS childbirth dropped by in Kalisizo Health • TASO treats opportunistic • The Condoms use • Second National HIV treatment 89% to less than 3,000 Centre, Rakai District, infections • HIV/AIDS term started being • Diagnosing HIV in infants in campaigns was at the peak Uganda 2003 at JCRC guideline was released per year described the fi rst • The key mode of transmission was used and HIV challenge • 300 government health centres clubs in schools were formed • Treatment transitions • National forum for people cases of HIV disease discovered as sex from monotherapy to Dual were providing medication; in Uganda • “TASO HUG” by counselors born sensitized by Philly Lutaaya living with HIV networks therapy in 1991 then optimal in Uganda launched 100,000 people getting • AIDS was associated • Philly Lutaaya came out publicly • JCRC started trials on ARVS medication AZT-Zidovudine triple to date. (NAFOPHANU) with witchcraft. about his status. However, after • ARVs required refrigeration • CD4 count testing and • New Vision publishes Philly’s testimony people who • AIDS Information Centre started • WHO launched the 3million people on treatment by monitoring included in guidelines about a new disease had AIDS were classifi ed as • Tuberculosis was killing many • Expansion of treatment for promiscuous people People living with HIV/AIDS 2005 initiative- 2% of PLHIV in Africa were on treatment people who had a CD4 count (PLHA) <350cells/ul • Research intervention JCRC set • The Presidents Emergency up as a research institute. Fund for AIDS Relief • Publication of Uganda as the (PEPFAR) was established best country in fi ghting against by President George W Bush HIV aired on Uganda Television • Free drugs for UTV (Now UBC) Ugandans • PFTI (presidential fast-track Babies born initiative) to end AIDS by • with HIV 28,000 2030 June was formed National prevalence of • Dreams programme set up to HIV estimated at 14% help young women and girls • Ugandan MOH ART scale up • TB associated with HIV • South Africa court case • Updated guideline avoid HIV • DOT (Direct Observation brings the ARV access issue begins • UNAIDS introduced the three recommended starting • Recognition of counselling and Therapy) was started to the global stage people on treatment much as a core activity in the HIV in response to poor • WTO adoption of the Doha (3) zeros that is, Zero news • “A neighbour infection, Zero HIV stigma and earlier (with a Cd4 count and later her care adherence to the anti- declaration on public Health <500cells/ul) • Launch of Philly Lutaaya TBs due to stigma to increase access to discrimination, and Zero AIDS- boyfriend die related deaths • Test and Treat - All in Initiative to train in public • Radio Uganda scares medicine pregnant women and speaking and off ering tactics programs of • HIV workplace policy was • Clinton Foundation announces after suff ering deal for Indian companies to children and those with from a strange emotional support to people sounding of the drum, put in place to reduce TB or Hepatitis B should living with HIV “Gwanga mujje” to alert stigma make generic ARVs for Africa –

disease start ART for life as soon as ANTI RETROVIRAL INJECTABLE ACTING LONG • Drama becomes central to HIV people for HIV messages dropping the price from around • ‘Slim’. People $1500 to $15 per month diagnosed with HIV got thinner behavioural change messaging on Radio Uganda. and died • Medications imported from National HIV Kenya but too expensive prevalence at 10%

1968 1982 1987 1989 1990 1993 1996 1998 2001 2003 2005 2008 2011 2013 2015 2017

1978 1984 1986 1988 1992 1994 2000 2002 2004 2007 2012 2014 2016 2018

• Uganda soldiers HIV CURE FOR went to Cuba for • Evolution of THE FUTURE training and when counselling since 1987 they were tested, from “wait to die” 30% were HIV Babies born to “adhere to your with HIV positive. President treatment” Fidel Castro told the The national prevalence 3,500 president about the of HIV at 8% issue. • President Amin • Doctors would not refers to AIDS as touch AIDS patients ‘funny disease’ brought by the soldiers from • Total so far - 3.6 Tanzania • 750,000 PLHIV on ART million Voluntary • Community countrywide medical Male involvement in the • Voluntary medical male Circumcisions struggle against circumcision programme performed AIDS started. established • PLHIV on ART = 1.1 • AIDS called • UNAIDS and partners million “Mukenenya”, launched 3 ambitious 90-90- “Nabwokeera”, • First mass launch of • TASO distributed fi rst

• The International AIDS 90 targets for 2020 HIV VACCINE “Kattira” red ribbon ART under donation • The Uganda AIDS Society Conference in Durban programmes commission born in highlighted the inequality parliament between PLHIV receiving • Partners Prep study ART in resource rich settings HIV National Sero- • Canon Gideon came • Many PLHAs were claiming to including Ugandan and hardly anyone in Africa behavioural survey researchers shows out as fi rst religious have been healed and many found: Six percent of • Test and treat for all with leader to come out as receiving ART that in HIV negative HIV policy launched in went for prayers to be healed • The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Ugandan adults aged HIV positive, by then • PLHAs started their Networks partners taking ART Uganda (December 1st) was established 15-49 are infected with can prevent them a Reverend. People to protest against being used HIV and prevalence as part of global goal of were encouraged to • First Ugandan Ministry of becoming infected ending HIV by 2030 and fi ght for their right to get Health Voluntary Testing and among women is higher test because of his drugs (Pre-exposure • Monitoring of HIV by • ELISA test, Counselling (VCT) guide-line (8%) than among men prophylaxis – PREP) courage • UAC introduced the multi- (5%) viral load (which can also fi rst HIV test • School drama released measure how infectious available in sectoral approach, involving • PMTCT was initiated by the fi rst • Home competitions, The churches, mosques, and someone is) started Uganda Riddle 1992-93 for lady of Uganda to reduce the • SDGs launched-SDG3 care started with cultural leaders number of babies getting HIV • Rakai Health Science palliative care for Primary schools • Nanyonga Miracle Soils. She targets and end to the ‘Slim’ has an from their mothers programme showed that AIDS epidemic by 2030 HIV/AIDS patients declared that she discovered circumcision reduced the o cial name — • Dying with dignity the medicine that could cure HIV/AIDS spread of HIV (published in • First counselling AIDS and crowds went to her The Lancet) The national prevalence of manual released place to get the miracle soils HIV among adults aged 15 to 64 in Uganda is 6.2%

6 WORLD AIDS DAY 2018 EXHIBITION CATALOGUE 7