DOCSLIB.ORG

The Efficacy of Three Hand Asepsis Techniques Using Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Chg 2%)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Efficacy of Three Hand Asepsis Techniques Using Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Chg 2%) A RTIGO Eficácia de três métodos de degermação das mãos utilizando gluconato de clorexidina O degermante (GCH 2%) RIGINAL THE EFFICACY OF THREE HAND ASEPSIS TECHNIQUES USING CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE (CHG 2%) EFICACIA DE TRES MÉTODOS DE DESINFECCIÓN DE LAS MANOS UTILIZANDO GLUCONATO DE CLORHEXIDINA ANTISÉPTICA (GHC 2%) Érika Rossetto da Cunha1, Fabiana Gonçalves de Oliveira Azevedo Matos2, Adriana Maria da Silva3, Eutália Aparecida Cândido de Araújo4, Karine Azevedo São Leão Ferreira5, Kazuko Uchikawa Graziano6 RESUMO ABSTRACT RESUMEN A degermação cirúrgica das mãos e dos The scrubbing of hands and forearms using La desinfección quirúrgica de manos y an- antebraços é um procedimento que inte- anti septi c agents has been the standard pre- tebrazos es un procedimiento que integra gra as ati vidades de paramentação cirúr- operati ve procedure to prevent surgical site las acti vidades prequirúrgicas como me- gica como uma medida de prevenção de infecti on. With the introducti on of anti sep- dida de prevención contra infección del infecção do síti o cirúrgico. Com o advento ti c agents, the need to use brushes for pre- siti o quirúrgico. Con el advenimiento de la dos princípios anti ssépti cos degermantes, operati ve disinfecti on has been questi oned anti sepsia desinfectante, se cuesti ona y se a necessidade do uso de escovas para a and it has been recommended that the pro- recomienda dejar de lado el uso de cepillos degermação cirúrgica tem sido questi ona- cedure be abandoned due to the injuries it debido a lesiones provocadas en piel. Para da e recomendado o abandono deste uso may cause to the skin. With the purpose to fundamentar la efi cacia de la técnica de devido às lesões provocadas na pele. Com provide the foundati ons for the effi cacy of desinfección quirúrgica sin uso de cepillos a fi nalidade de fundamentar a efi cácia da pre-operati ve asepsis without using brushes ni esponjas, se objeti va evaluar tres mé- técnica da degermação cirúrgica sem o uso or sponges, the objecti ve of this study was todos de desinfección quirúrgica, usando de escovas ou esponjas, o objeti vo deste to evaluate three methods of pre-operati ve la fórmula desinfectante de gluconato de estudo foi avaliar três métodos para deger- asepsis using an anti microbial agent contain- clorhexidina-GHC 2% con cepillo, con es- mação cirúrgica uti lizando a formulação ing chlorhexidine gluconate – CHG 2%; hand- ponja y sin adminículos. Fueron evaluados degermante de gluconato de clorexidina – scrubbing with brush (HSB), hand-scrubbing 29 profesionales de salud, usándose el mé- GCH 2%: com escova, com esponja e sem with sponge (HSS), and hand-rubbing with todo de caldo de guante para recolección artefato. Foram avaliados 29 profi ssionais the anti septi c agent (HRA) only. A compara- de microorganismos antes y después de da saúde, uti lizando o método de caldo de ti ve crossover study was carried with 29 cada método probado. El análisis estadís- luva para coleta de micro-organismos an- healthcare providers. Anti microbial effi cacy ti co no comprobó diferencias signifi cati vas tes e depois de cada método testado. As was measured using the glove-juice method en la reducción microbiana entre los tres análises estatí sti cas comprovaram não ha- before and aft er each tested method. Sta- métodos (p=0,148), lo que teóricamente ver diferenças estatí sti cas signifi cantes na ti sti cal analyses showed there were no sig- descarta la necesidad del uso de cepillos y redução microbiana entre os três métodos nifi cant diff erences regarding the number of esponjas para desinfección de manos. analisados (p=0,148), o que teoricamente colony-forming units when comparing HRA, descarta a necessidade da conti nuidade do HSB, and HSS techniques (p=0.148), which uso de escovas e esponjas para a realização theoreti cally disregards the need to conti nue da degermação das mãos. using brushes or sponges for hand asepsis. DESCRITORES DESCRIPTORS DESCRIPTORES Lavagem de mãos Handwashing Lavado de manos Clorexidina Chlorhexidine Clorhexidina Controle de infecções Infecti on control Control de infecciones Infecção da ferida operatória Surgical wound infecti on Infección de herida operatória Enfermagem perioperatória Perioperati ve nursing Enfermería perioperatoria 1 Enfermeira. Mestre em Enfermagem pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil. [email protected] 2 Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. Membro do Grupo de Pesquisas “Controle de Infecção Relacionada com Procedimentos da Assistência”. Professora Assistente da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. Cascavel, PR, Brasil. [email protected] 3 Doutoranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Membro do Grupo de Pesquisas “Controle de Infecção Relacionada com Procedimentos da Assistência”. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil. [email protected] 4 Bolsista ProDoc/ CAPES do Programa de Pós-Graduação Enfermagem na Saúde do Adulto da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo (In Memorian). 5 Enfermeira. Doutora em Enfermagem na Saúde do Adulto pela Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. Professora do Mestrado em Enfermagem da Universidade Guarulhos. Pesquisadora do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil. [email protected] 6 Professor Titular do Departamento de Enfermagem Médico Cirúrgica da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil. [email protected] Rev Esc Enferm USP Recebido: 25/05/2010 Efi cácia de três métodos de degermaçãoPortuguês das mãos / Inglês 2011; 45(6):1440-5 Aprovado: 15/03/2011 utilizando gluconato de clorexidina degermantewww.scielo.br/reeusp (GCH 2%) 1440 www.ee.usp.br/reeusp/ Cunha ER, Matos FGOA, Silva AM, Araújo EAC, Ferreira KASL, Graziano KU INTRODUÇÃO ra o procedimento da degermação cirúrgica das mãos e antebraços, optamos pelo desenvolvimento do presente As infecções hospitalares representam um problema estudo, que visa comparar a efi cácia de três técnicas de tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo e consti tuem um risco degermação das mãos na redução da carga microbiana à saúde dos usuários dos serviços hospitalares. As infec- usando formulação degermante de gluconato de clorexi- ções pós-operatórias, denominadas atualmente como dina – GCH 2%: fricção com escovas descartáveis, fricção infecções do síti o cirúrgico (ISC), consti tuem uma parcela com esponja e fricção sem artefato. signifi cati va no total de todas essas infecções, sendo con- siderada a segunda principal causa dessas infecções(1). Sua MÉTODO prevenção e controle dependem da adesão dos profi ssio- nais da área da saúde às medidas preventi vas. População de estudo Dentre as práti cas para a prevenção das ISC, a deger- Inicialmente foram recrutados 32 profi ssionais da área mação das mãos e antebraços da equipe cirúrgica, como da saúde, voluntários, que atendiam os seguintes critérios preparo pré-operatório, teve sua origem quando Ignaz de inclusão: não fazer uso habitual de anti ssépti cos de- Semmelweis, em 1847, preconizou o uso de germicida pa- germantes na sua ati vidade diária para não haver efeitos ra a lavagem das mãos antes de examinar as parturientes. cumulati vos ou residuais de qualquer princípio ati vo anti s- Por volta de 1860, Joseph Lister introduziu os princípios sépti co e parti cipar do treinamento prévio da técnica de da assepsia na práti ca dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, dimi- degermação das mãos e antebraços por meio de ensino nuindo substancialmente a morbidade nos formal teórico-práti co usando um fi lme ela- pacientes em período pós-operatório(2-3). Apesar de haver borado pelas autoras (TV e vídeo). O cuidado com a degermação cirúrgica inúmeros estudos Foram excluídos os voluntários que esti - das mãos e antebraços é justi fi cado pela taxa internacionais que vessem fazendo uso de anti bióti cos ou fárma- de perfuração das luvas ao fi nal da cirurgia de cos similares (tópico ou sistêmico) duas sema- 18%, sendo que em mais de 35% dos casos contra-indicam a utilização de artefatos nas antes ou durante o período da coleta dos essas perfurações não são percebidas pelos dados; os que referiram sensibilidade previa- cirurgiões, além do fato de algumas luvas se- para a realização (4-5) mente conhecida ao GCH; os que apresenta- rem permeáveis a bactérias . Inicialmente da degermação das ram lesões de pele das mãos e/ou antebraços; e por muito tempo, na técnica da degerma- mãos, os estudos os que não conseguiram reproduzir a técnica ção das mãos e antebraços preconizou-se a encontrados avaliaram dentro do procedimento padronizado e os escovação com água morna e sabão neutro, que não conseguiram completar o estudo. seguida de sua imersão em solução anti ssép- a efi cácia de métodos ti ca de álcool iodado e depois em álcool(6). mecânicos e químicos Protocolo de degermação das mãos Todavia, o desconforto e o risco de lesões da degermação das cutâneas provocados pela escovação podem mãos com a solução de A técnica padronizada de degermação foi a levar o profi ssional a reduzir o tempo de es- gluconato de clorexidina mesma para os três métodos em teste. Ela foi covação, diminuindo o tempo de contato en- a 4% e não a 2%. aplicada na mão dominante devido à crença tre o anti ssépti co e a área a ser degermada, de que a habilidade motora da mão não-do- podendo comprometer o processo de redu- minante é diminuída e, portanto, desenvolve ção da carga microbiana. Com o advento das a investi gação dentro do pior cenário. Cada soluções degermantes anti -sépti cas, os efeitos adversos da voluntário realizou os três métodos de degermação, sendo o escovação puderam ser minimizados por meio da abolição primeiro método defi nido por sorteio no momento do início do procedimento de escovação, optando-se pela fricção de da coleta de dados.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Infection Control in Dentistry: How to Asepsis Photographic Mirrors?
    Infection control in dentistry: how to asepsis photographic mirrors? Amanda Osório Ayres de Freitas* Mariana Marquezan* Giselle Naback Lemes Vilani* Rodrigo César Santiago* Luiz Felipe de Miranda Costa* Sandra Regina Torres** Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of six different methods of disinfection and sterilization of intra­oral photographic mirrors through microbiological testing and to analysis their potential harm to mirrors’ surface. Fourteen occlusal mirrors were divided into seven groups. Group 1 comprised two mirrors as received from manufacturer. The other six groups comprised mirrors disinfected/sterilized by autoclave, immersion in enzymatic detergent, and friction with chlorhexidine detergent, chlorhexidine wipes, common detergent and 70% ethylic alcohol. Microbiological and quality surface analyses were performed. Sterilization in autoclave was microbiologic effective, but caused damage to the mirror surface. Chlorhexidine (in wipes or detergent) and liquid soap were effective disinfectant agents for photographic mirrors decontamination, without harmful effect on its surface. Enzymatic detergent immersion and friction with 70% ethylic alcohol were not effective as disinfectant agents for photographic mirrors decontamination. According to the results, the more effective and safe methods for photographic mirrors disinfection were friction with chlorhexidine wipes or detergent, as well as liquid soap. Results, the most efficacious methods for photographic mirrors disinfection were friction with chlorhexidine wipes and detergent, as well as common detergent. Descriptors: Dental Instruments; Decontamination; Microbiology; Surface Properties. *Doutoranda em Odontologia na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil **Pós­doutora em odontologia pela University of Washington (UW), Seattle, WA, Estados Unidos ISSN 2236­5843 │ 93 Introduction Dental photography is an important tool for diagnostic and treatment planning, and it’s also a registration of the patient’s condition before and after treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • ANTT Guidelines
    www.antt.org ANTT Guidelines The ANTT Clinical Guideline for the Preparation & Administration of Peripheral and Central Intravenous Medications (IV Therapy) Rationale and supporting evidence ANTT IV Prep and Administration V3 .0 2013 The Association for Safe Aseptic Technique (ASAP) www.antt.org www.antt .org ® © 2013 Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT) This document is a publication of The-ASAP and all rights of copyright, intellectual property and Trademark are reserved. ANTT is protected to prevent dilution and misrepresentation of the practice framework so as to avoid ANTT becoming another unhelpful generic term for aseptic technique that is variably interpreted. For guidance see [email protected]. This document may however, be freely reviewed, copied and translated, in part, or in whole, for LOCAL, SINGLE ORGANIZATION educational use. It must not be published via the www/internet or its content used for production and publication of dedicated ANTT e-learning resources. ANTT is not for sale or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The-ASAP provide a number of free core ANTT resources to help disseminate and train healthcare staff. The- ASAP requests that the balance it determines between free dissemination and protection of the standard is respected in the interests of patient safety. Disclaimer: The-ASAP provides the ANTT Clinical Practice Framework and ANTT Clinical Guidelines to healthcare organizations in good faith in a collaboration to promote effective aseptic technique. It is the responsibility of healthcare organizations to implement ANTT effectively. No guarantee or responsibility for the application or outcome of clinical practice can be, or is, assumed or accepted by The-ASAP/ANTT.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Laboratory Assistant, a Suggested Guide for A
    p .7/ tWI .7- y,1.. P O R T R ESUM ED 013 321 VT 002 2L4 MEDICAL LABORATORY ASSISTANT, A SUGGESTEDGUIDE FOR A TRAINING PROGRAM. OFFICE OF EDUCATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. REPORT NUMBER 0E-87017 PUB DATE 66 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.50 HC-$4.92 123P. DESCRIPTORS-. *MEDICAL LABORATORY ASSISTANTS,TEACHING GUIDES, *PROGRAM PLANNING, PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT,*CURRICULUM GUIDES, CURRICULUM, *HEALTH OCCUPATIONSEDUCATION, POST SECONDARY EDUCATION, MDTA PROGRAMS, INFORMATION IS GIVEN TO ASSIST IN ORGANIZINGAND ADMINISTERING A TRAINING PROGRAM FOR MEDICAL LABORATORY ASSISTANTS IN A VARIETY OF SETTINGS AND TO PROVIDEGUIDANCE IN ESTABLISHING NEW PROGRAMS AND IN EVALUATINGEXISTING ONES. THE MATERIAL WAS PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTIONOF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE =OR CAREERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY.PATHOLOGISTS AND MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS PARTICIPATEDIN THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES. ALL MATERIAL WAS REVIEWEDBY A REPRESENTATIVE NATIONAL GROUP OF EXPERTCONSULTANTS IN THE FIELD OF LABORATORY MEDICINE. THE 12-MONTH PROGRAM WAS DESIGNED FOR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES OR THEIREQUIVALENT TO SE ADMINISTERED BY A TEACHING STAFF COMPOSEDOF A NATIONAL DIRECTOR, A. TEACHING SUPERVISOR, ANDINSTRUCTORS. AN OUTLINE OF INFORMATIONAL MATERIAL TO BE PRESENTEDIN THE CLASSROOM, LABORATORY PROCEDURES TO BE DEMONSTRATEDAND THEN PERFORMED AS DIRECT EXERCISES BY THE STUDENTS, AS WELLAS RELEVANT BIBLIOGRAPHIES, AUDIOVISUAL AIDS, AND STUDYQUESTIONS ARE PRESENTED FOR THE FOLLOWING UNITS (1) ORIENTATION TO THE CLINICAL LABORATORY,(2) BACTERIOLOGY,(3) SEROLOGY, (4) PARASITOLOGY,(5) HEMATOLOGY, (6) CLINICAL CHEMISTRY,(7) BLOOD BANKING,(8) ROUTINE ANALYSIS, AND (9) BASAL METABOLISM -- ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE AS GPO NUMBER FS 5.267-07017 FOR 60 CENTS FROMSUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE,WASHINGTON, D.C. 20402. (PS) cir 02281"2=10.
    [Show full text]
  • Module 6: Principles of Asepsis
    Module 6: Medical and Surgical Asepsis Module 6: Medical and Surgical Asepsis Minimum Number of Theory Hours: 2 Suggested Theory Hours: 5 Recommended Clinical Hours: 8 Statement of Purpose: The purpose of this unit is to present information about asepsis and the control of infection. Procedures and precautions to protect patient/patients/residents, health care workers and others from infection are presented, including standard precautions, transmission- based precautions and biohazardous waste management. Terminology 1. Acquired Immunodeficiency 21. Escherichia coli (E. coli) 40. Non-intact Syndrome (AIDS) 22. Excretions 41. Nosocomial 2. Airborne precautions 23. Exposure incident 42. Occupational Safety and Health 3. Asepsis 24. Flora Administration (OSHA) 4. Athlete’s foot 25. Fungus 43. Pathogens 5. Bacteria 26. Health Care-Associated Infection 44. Personal Protective Equipment 6. Barriers (HAI) (PPE) 7. Biohazard symbol 27. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E 45. Pneumonia 8. Bloodborne 28. Herpes zoster 46. Precautions 9. Carrier spore 29. Host 47. Protozoa 10. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) 30. Immunity 48. Reservoir 11. Chain of infection 31. Infection 49. Reverse isolation 12. Communicable 32. Infectious agent 50. Rickettsia 13. Contact precautions 33. Influenza 51. Scabies 14. Contagious microbes 34. Isolation 52. Sepsis 15. Contamination 35. Lice 53. Standard precautions 16. Disinfection 36. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 54. Sterilization 17. Disorientation 37. Methicillin-Resistant 55. Streptococcus 18. Disposable Staphylococcus
    [Show full text]
  • Summary ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
    ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS Summary of a Round Table Discussion By Mark H. Lepper, M.D., and Harris D. Riley, Jr., M.D. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Illinois (M.H.L.), and Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma (H.D.R.) NTIMKROBIAL agents have had an espe- sistance of the host to infection. (The effect cially great impact in pediatrics. Al- of cortisone on stneptococcal infections in though many diseases have been conquered the rabbit was cited : 58 out of 66 rabbits easily with proper antimicrobial therapy, pnetreated with cortisone died; 5 of 60 con- there still remain difficulties and failures. trol animals died.) Instances of empyema Dr. Leppen opened the session with a dis- developing during treatment of pneuimo- cussion of some of the failures of antimi- coccal pneumonia with both antibiotics and crobial therapy. ACTH were described. The discussants agreed that at no time should adrenal con- HYPERACUTE INFECTIONS ticosteroids be used in the treatment of in- Hyperacute infections, i.e., infections fectious processes without simultaneoums ad- which are often fatal within 24 hours from ministration of adequate amounts of appro- the onset of symptoms, and resistant strains pniate antibiotics. of organisms, account for the vast majority Dr. Lepper reviewed some of the salient of failures in the use of antibiotics. A few facts in connection with the use of cortisone cases cannot be classified into either cate- and allied substances in the treatment of gory and remain as unexplained failures. overwhelming infections, including menin- The magnitude of the problem of hypen- gococcemia and the Waterhouse-Fnidenich- acute infections can be judged by the fact sen syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • El Paso Community College Syllabus Part II Official Course Description
    MLAB 2434; Revised Fall 2019/Spring 2020 El Paso Community College Syllabus Part II Official Course Description SUBJECT AREA Medical Laboratory Technology COURSE RUBRIC AND NUMBER MLAB 2434 COURSE TITLE Clinical Microbiology COURSE CREDIT HOURS 4 3 : 4 Credits Lec Lab I. Catalog Description Provides instruction in the theory, practical application, and pathogenesis of clinical microbiology, including collection, quality control, quality assurance, lab safety, setup, identification, susceptibility testing, and reporting results. A grade of "C" or better is required in this course to take the next course. Corequisite: MLAB 2360. (3:4). Lab fee. II. Course Objectives A. Unit I. Introduction to Medical Microbiology 1. State general safety rules for handling pathogenic cultures and potentially infective clinical specimens, to include: a. the importance of personal cleanliness, frequent handwashing, and not putting pens and pencils in the mouth. b. the importance of wearing a lab coat to protect clothing from contamination. c. the importance of keeping personal articles such as books, coats, handbags, etc., off of bench areas. d. reporting all spills of infectious materials and the proper method of cleaning up infectious spills. e. reporting all spills of hazardous materials and the proper method of cleaning up hazardous spills. f. the importance of not eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics in the laboratory. g. the importance of not wearing open sandals in the laboratory. h. the importance of proper trash disposal--separating paper trash from infectious materials and disposing of infectious materials only in specially marked biohazard bags and paper trash in the regular trash cans. i. reporting any cut or accident involving infectious material, no matter how small.
    [Show full text]
  • Blood Culture Sampling Policy for Adult and Paediatric Patients
    Blood Culture Sampling Policy for Adult and Version: 7.0 Paediatric Patients Date Issued: 25 July 2018 Review Date: 30 May 2021 Document Type: Policy Contents Page Paragraph Executive Summary / Policy Statement / Flowchart 2 1 Scope and Purpose 2 2 Definitions 2 3 Indications for taking a blood culture and procedure 4 4 Roles and Responsibilities 7 5 Related Trust Policies 8 6 Implementation (including training and dissemination) 8 7 Process for Monitoring Compliance/Effectiveness of 9 this Policy 8 Arrangements for Review of this Policy 9 9 References 9 Appendices Page Appendix A List of equipment needed for peripheral blood culture 10 sampling Appendix B ANTT clinical guideline for Blood Culture Sampling 10 Appendix C ANTT clinical guideline for Blood Culture Sampling 10 from a CVC Device without a Transducer Appendix D ANTT clinical guideline for Blood Culture Sampling 10 from a CVC Device with a Transducer Appendix E Paediatric ANTT guideline for Blood Culture Sampling 10 from a CVC device Document Status This is a controlled document. Whilst this document may be printed, the electronic version posted on the intranet is the controlled copy. Any printed copies of this document are not controlled. As a controlled document, this document should not be saved onto local or network drives but should always be accessed from the intranet. Page 1 of 11 Executive Summary Blood cultures are used to detect the cause of a bloodstream infection. The result provides a guide to the appropriate treatment of the patient. False positives may occur if micro- organisms from a site outside of the bloodstream are introduced into the sample of blood obtained for culture which can then result in inappropriate antibiotic therapy and a waste of healthcare resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Asepsis, Hand Hygiene, and Patient Care Practices in Home Care and Hospice Objectives
    Module F MEDICAL ASEPSIS, HAND HYGIENE, AND PATIENT CARE PRACTICES IN HOME CARE AND HOSPICE OBJECTIVES • Describe the principles and practice of asepsis • Understand hand hygiene • Understand the role of the environment in disease transmission DEFINING ASEPSIS Medical Asepsis Surgical Asepsis Definition Clean Technique Sterile Technique Emphasis Freedom from most Freedom from all pathogenic pathogenic organisms organisms Purpose Reduce transmission of Prevent introduction of any pathogenic organisms from organism into an open one patient‐to ‐another wound or sterile body cavity MEDICAL ASEPSIS Measures aimed at controlling the number of microorganisms and/or preventing or reducing the transmission of microbes from one person‐to‐another: Clean Technique • Know what is dirty • Know what is clean • Know what is sterile • Keep the first three conditions separate • Remedy contamination immediately PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ASEPSIS When the body is penetrated, natural barriers such as skin and mucous membranes are bypassed, making the patient susceptible to microbes that might enter. • Perform hand hygiene and put on gloves • When invading sterile areas of the body, maintain the sterility of the body system • When placing an item into a sterile area of the body, make sure the item is sterile PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ASEPSIS Even though skin is an effective barrier against microbial invasion, a patient can become colonized with other microbes if precautions are not taken. • Perform hand hygiene between patient contacts • When handling items that only touch patient’s intact skin, or do not ordinarily touch the patient, make sure item is clean and disinfected (between patients). PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ASEPSIS All body fluids from any patient should be considered contaminated • Body fluids can be the source of infection for the patient and you • Utilize appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) • When performing patient care, work from cleanest to dirtiest patient area.
    [Show full text]
  • Dairy and Food Sanitation 1984-12
    ISSN:0273-2866 .kTtversitv microfilms December, 1984 Box 701 ROAD Vol. 4. No. 12 Ames, Iowa 50010 SSn arbor mi Pages 461-500 48106 $5.00 APubltcMtlonofthmlntmmmttonmlAaaoclmbon of MUk. food and Bivironmfitml Sanitmrimns, Inc 504131^' A Suspected Waterborne Spice Quality in Illness Outbreak Clear Plastic Packaging Food Irradiation Continuous Culture Course at UC Fermenters Used In Davis, March 13-15 Im Study of Ruminant Nutritionm ACDPI Student Essay Deadline is January 15 National Mastitis Council Meeting, February 15-17, 1985 Call for Research Papers for the 1985 Annual Meeting. See the October Issue. Which of the three NSF service areas can best help you? If your product, system, service, Assessment Services or job responsibility is in any This group undertakes special way relat^ to public health and testing, research, demonstra¬ the environment, there’s a tion projects, and studies for strong possibility NSF can help industry, service companies, you. We offer a distinct trio of government, and individuals service areas: Listing, Certifi¬ with health and environmental cation aond Assessment. And concerns. A report is published our totally professional staff but no seal or logo is issued. can, and does, provide you with Take advantage of NSF’s straight answers, laboratory Free! Write ftw: unique expertise and capabili¬ testing, on-site inspections, in- Facts about Certification Services; Facts about Assessment Services; ties, group problem solving depth research, and on-going Facts about Listing Services; approach and reputation for education to help you meet Facts about NSF. objectivity. your public responsibilities. In all three service areas we dard may display the NSF are known and respected as an Listing Services round blue seal or logo and ap¬ objective third-party, and we The Foundation’s long-standing pear in an annual Listing.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Hospital-Acquired Infections World Health Organization
    WHO/CDS/CSR/EPH/2002.12 Prevention of hospital-acquired infections A practical guide 2nd edition World Health Organization Department of Communicable Disease, Surveillance and Response This document has been downloaded from the WHO/CSR Web site. The original cover pages and lists of participants are not included. See http://www.who.int/emc for more information. © World Health Organization This document is not a formal publication of the World Health Organization (WHO), and all rights are reserved by the Organization. The document may, however, be freely reviewed, abstracted, reproduced and translated, in part or in whole, but not for sale nor for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The views expressed in documents by named authors are solely the responsibility of those authors. The mention of specific companies or specific manufacturers' products does no imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. WHO/CDS/CSR/EPH/2002.12 DISTR: GENERAL ORIGINAL: ENGLISH Prevention of hospital-acquired infections A PRACTICAL GUIDE 2nd edition Editors G. Ducel, Fondation Hygie, Geneva, Switzerland J. Fabry, Université Claude-Bernard, Lyon, France L. Nicolle, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Contributors R. Girard, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France M. Perraud, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France A. Prüss, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland A. Savey, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Lyon, France E. Tikhomirov, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland M. Thuriaux, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland P. Vanhems, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Acknowledgements The World Health Organization (WHO) wishes to acknowledge the significant support for this work from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
    [Show full text]
  • ANTT Guidelines
    www.antt .org ANTT Guidelines The ANTT Clinical Guideline for Blood Culture Collection Rationale and supporting evidence 1 ANTT: Blood Culture Collection v2.0 2013 The Association for Safe Aseptic Practice www.antt.org © 2013 Aseptic Non Touch Technique (ANTT)® This document is a publication of The-ASAP and all rights of copyright, intellectual property and Trademark are reserved. ANTT is protected to prevent dilution and misrepresentation of the practice framework so as to avoid ANTT becoming another unhelpful generic term for aseptic technique that is variably interpreted. For guidance see [email protected]. This document may however, be freely reviewed, copied and translated, in part, or in whole, for LOCAL, SINGLE ORGANIZATION educational use. It must not be published via the www/internet or its content used for production and publication of dedicated ANTT e-learning resources. ANTT is not for sale or for use in conjunction with commercial purposes. The-ASAP provide a number of free core ANTT resources to help disseminate and train healthcare staff. The- ASAP requests that the balance it determines between free dissemination and protection of the standard is respected in the interests of patient safety. Disclaimer: The-ASAP provides the ANTT Clinical Practice Framework and ANTT Clinical Guidelines to healthcare organizations in good faith in a collaboration to promote effective aseptic technique. It is the responsibility of healthcare organizations to implement ANTT effectively. No guarantee or responsibility for the application or outcome of clinical practice can be, or is, assumed or accepted by The-ASAP/ANTT. Published by The Association for Safe Aseptic Practice (ASAP) ANTT: Blood Culture Collection v2.0 2013 The Association for Safe Aseptic Practice www.antt.org 2 Glossary Please note: Historically, the terms below have been defined variously and often ambiguously in the medical literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Infection Control Through the Ages
    American Journal of Infection Control 40 (2012) 35-42 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect American Journal of Infection Control American Journal of Infection Control journal homepage: www.ajicjournal.org Major article Infection control through the ages Philip W. Smith MD a,*, Kristin Watkins MBA b, Angela Hewlett MD a a Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE b Center for Preparedness Education, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE Key Words: To appreciate the current advances in the field of health care epidemiology, it is important to understand History the history of hospital infection control. Available historical sources were reviewed for 4 different Hospitals historical time periods: medieval, early modern, progressive, and posteWorld War II. Hospital settings Nosocomial for the time periods are described, with particular emphasis on the conditions related to hospital infections. Copyright Ó 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Approximately 1.7 million health careeassociated infections One of the few public health measures was the collection of (HAIs) occur in the United States each year.1 Hospital infection bodies of plague victims. The bodies were left in the street to be control programs are nearly universal in developed nations and have picked up by carts and placed in mass graves outside of town.3,4 significantly lowered the risk of acquiring a HAI since their inception Other infection control measures included hanging people who in the mid 20th century. As we debate the preventability of HAIs, as wandered in from an epidemic region into an uninfected area, well as the ethical and logistic aspects of patient safety, it is impor- shutting up plague victims in their homes, and burning clothing tant to recall the historical context of hospital infection control.
    [Show full text]