Enquiries 3

Registration & Badge Pickup 3

Steering Committee 4

Program Committee and Session Chairs 5

National Scientific Committee 5

International Advisory Committee 6

Artemis Marin Princess Hotel 7

Presenter's Information 8

Special Events 8

Social Program (on demand with payment) 9

Exhibitors / Sponsors 10

Exhibition Area Floor Plan 11

Location, Transfer & Shuttles 12

Istanbul Guide 14

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About CESUR http://usmal.ankara.edu.tr/

Foundation of Center of Excellence of Superconductivity Research is under Ankara University, consisting of seven partner universities; Çukurova University, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Hakkari University, İnönü University, Karadeniz

Technical University, TOBB ETU, TÜBİTAK MAM. After approval of State development Ministry the other intuitions joined; Abant İzzet Baysal University, Ege University, İzmir Institute of Technology, Gazi University, Kırıkkale University, Marmara University, Niğde University,

Rize University. Within the center, National Institute of Superconducting Technologies is being planned and subject to the approval from the government of Turkey. The institute has an international advisory board and will serve as an international research center for both fundamental and applied superconductivity research.

Magnetism research will also be included in the main activities of the center and institute. For further information you may visit http://usmal.ankara.edu.tr/

ICSM is one of the most important activities of the center to push international collaborations for internationally

recognized and cutting edge research.

Acting Director of The Center and The Institute

Prof. Dr. Ali GENCER

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ENQUIRIES

Conference Director Özlem ÇİÇEK Ali GENCER Phone: +90 505 742 36 61 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Conference Co-Chair Registration enquiries Ekrem YANMAZ Ercan ERTEKİN Phone: +90 533 747 57 30 Phone: +90 5554345780 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Conference Co-Chair General organization/Transfers/Shuttles Eyyuphan YAKINCI Mr. Serdar Ozata Phone: +90 532 7678625 Phone: +90 532 541 21 68 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Scientific Programme Chair Mr. Hakan Güngüneş Ali BOZBEY Phone: +90 532 711 34 50 Phone: +90 532 520 84 27 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Mr. Haluk Koralay Exhibition and sponsorship Phone: +90 532 656 30 71 Bekir ÖZÇELİK e-mail: [email protected] Phone: +90 533 375 78 00 ICSM Guest/Hotel Relations e-mail: [email protected] Duygu GÖKDAİ (ICSM Secretary) Full Text Proceedings Phone: +90 554 793 74 98 Mehmet Ali AKSAN e-mail: [email protected] Phone: +90 532 304 64 54 Zeliha ERTEKİN e-mail: [email protected] Phone: +90 505 437 68 94 General Enquiries e-mail: [email protected] Hasan AĞIL Phone: +90 546 482 59 95 e-mail: [email protected]

REGISTRATION & BADGE PICKUP The Conference Registration Desk is located at following times at Artemis Marin Princess Hotel the lobby. All participants are kindly asked to go between Loby and Reception: to the Registration Desks upon arrival. If you 29 April Sunday 14:00 - 23:00 have already registered for ICSM2012, you can pickup your badge and conference bag from the 30 April Monday 08:30 - 18:00 desk. Otherwise, you can register on-site. You 1 May Tuesday 08:30 - 18:00 can pay your registration fees by credit card or 2 May Wednesday 08:30 - 13:00 cash at the desk. Please call for Registration Help Desk on +90 505 437 68 94. 3 May Thursday 08:30 - 13:00 Registration & Badge Pickup: The ICSM2012 Conference Registration Desk will be open at the

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STEERING COMMITTEE Conference Director Student Representative

Ali GENCER (Ankara Uni.) Özlem ÇİÇEK (Ankara Uni.) Conference Co-Directors Social Program

M. Eyyuphan YAKINCI (Inonu Uni.) Hasan AĞIL (Ankara Uni.) Ekrem YANMAZ (KTU) Registrar

Chair-Exhibitions/Sponsors Ercan ERTEKİN ( Ankara Uni.) Bekir ÖZÇELİK (Çukurova Uni.) WEB Master

General Secretary İbrahim KÖKDEMİR (Ankara Uni.) Ali BOZBEY (TOBB ETU) WEB Assistant

Administrative Affairs M. Eren ÇELİK (TOBB ETU) İbrahim BELENLİ (Hakkari Uni.) Welcome Committee

Scientific Program Coordinator Duygu GÖKDAİ (Ankara Uni.)

Ali BOZBEY (TOBB ETU) Solmaz KHANKESHIZADEH (Ankara Uni.) -Superconductivity:M. ERTUĞRUL(Atatürk U.) Asli Asiye ÇALIŞKAN (Ankara Uni.) -Magnetism: Hakan KÖÇKAR (Balıkesir U.) Esra AYDOĞDU (Ankara Uni.) Awards Committee Nihal Öykü KABUKÇU (Ankara Uni.) Doğan ABUKAY (Izmir Institute of Technology) Iraz HASPOLAT (Ankara Uni) M. Akif ATAMAN (Hakkari Uni.) Bursary Türkan DOĞAN (Hakkari Uni.)

Yıldırım AYDOĞDU (Gazi Uni.)

Abstract Handling & Proceedings Young Scientist Support Committee

Mehmet Ali AKSAN (Inonu Uni.) Nejat BULUT (Chair)- (Izmir Inst. of Tech.) International Relations Milorad MILOSEVIC (Antwerp Uni.) Ayhan ELMALI ( Ankara Uni.) Iman ASKERBEYLI (Ankara Uni.) Treasurer Andrés E. Sotelo MIEG (Zaragoza Uni.) Serap SAFRAN (Ankara Uni.)

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PROGRAM COMMITTEE AND SESSION CHAIRS Abdelwaheb Cheikhrouhou-Tunisia Junji Haruyama-Japan Adrian Crisan-UK Kazuo Kadowaki-Japan Alexander Buzdin-France Koki Takanashi-Japan Ali Bozbey-Turkey Mehdi Fardmanesh-Iran Ali Gencer-Turkey Mehmet Ali Aksan-Turkey Ali Zaoui-France M. Anis-ur-Rehman-Pakistan Andrés Sotelo-Spain Naoyuki Amemiya-Japan A. Bussmann Holder-Germany Nejat Bulut-Turkey Arcady Zhukov-Spain Reinhard Kremer-Germany Bernard Barbara-France René Flukiger-Switzerland Carlo Ferdeghini-Italy Ruslan Prozorov-USA Chang Uk JungKorea Athena Safa-Sefat-USA Dino Fiorani-Italy Tanya Prozorov-USA Enric Pardo-Slovakia Tomasz Dietl-Poland Eugene Chudnovsky-USA Tuson Park-Korea Eyyuphan Yakinci-Turkey Valerii Vinokour-USA Farkhad Aliev-Spain Vladimir Kresin-USA Francesco Tafuri-Italy Vladislav Kataev-Germany Hakan Köçkar-Turkey Wilfried Goldacker-Germany Ivan Bozovic-USA Jun Akimitsu-Japan

NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Ahmet KILIÇ-Niğde Üni. Oğuz DOĞAN-Selçuk Üni. Ahmet CANSIZ-Atatürk Üni. Orhan UZUN-Gaziosmanpaşa Üni. Alev AYDINER-KTÜ Osman GÖRÜR-A.İzzet Baysal Üni. Ali BAYRİ-Adiyaman Üni. Özgür ÖZTÜRK-Kastamonu Üni. Bekir AKTAŞ-GYTE Ramiz Mustafa ÖKSÜZOĞLU-Anadolu Üni. Bulat RAMEEV-GYTE Saffet NEZİR-Kirikkale Üni. Cabir TERZİOĞLU-A.İzzet Baysal Üni. Selçuk AKTÜRK-Muğla Üni. Haluk KORALAY-Gazi Üni. Şahin AKTAŞ-Marmara Üni. Hüsnü ÖZKAN-ODTÜ Şemsettin TÜRKÖZ-Ankara Üni. İlker KÜÇÜK-Uludağ Üni. Şükrü ÇAVDAR-Gazi Üni. Kemal ÖZTÜRK-KTÜ Şükrü ÇELİK-Rize Üni. Mustafa GÖKTEPE-Balikesir Üni. Uğur KÖLEMEN-GOP Üni. Mustafa TEPE-Ege Üni. Uğur TOPAL-Tübitak Mürsel ALPER-Uludağ Üni. Yakup BALCI-İnönü Üni. Naim DEREBAŞI-Uludağ Üni. Yildirhan ÖNER-İstanbul Teknik Üni. Nuri YİĞİT-Ankara Üni. Yüksel KÖSEOĞLU-Fatih Üni. Nusret GÜÇLÜ-Konya Üni.

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INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Abukay, D. (Turkey) Hascicek, Y. S. (Turkey) Acet, M. (Germany) Holzapfel, B. (Germany) Altunbaş, M. (Turkey) Huebener, R. (Germany) Amemiya, N. (Japan) Iqbal, M. J. (Pakistan) Anis-Ur-Rehman, M. (Pakistan) Jung, C. U. (Korea) Awana VPS (India) Kadowaki, K. (Japan) Aytug, T. (USA) Karpinski, J. (Switzerland) Baryshev, A. V. (Japan) Kes, P.H. (Netherlands) Bayrakci, S. (Germany) Koshelev, A. E. (USA) Berker, N. (Turkey) Kováč, P. (Slovakia) Bogush, V. (Belarus) Kashyap S.C. (India) Bud’ko, S. L. (USA) Kumagai, K. (Japan) Buzdin, A. (France) Larbalestier, D. (USA) Campbell, A.M. (UK) Markowitsch, W. (Austria) Cheggour, N. (USA) Massidda, S. (Italy) Cheikhrouhou, A. (Tunisia) Moshchalkov, V. (Belgium) Collings, E. W. (USA) Obeidat, A. (Jordan) Crabtree, G. (USA) Öner, Y. (Turkey) Crisan, A. (UK) Özkan, H. (Turkey) Cubitt, R. (France) Özcan, S. (UK) Deutscher, G. ( Israel) Palau, A. (Spain) Dou S. X (Australia) Pamidi, S. V. (USA) Eğilmez, M. (Canada) Pop, A.V. (Romania) Eisterer, M. (Austria) Prozorov, R. (USA) Fardmanesh, M. (Iran) Puig, T. (Spain) Felner, I. (Israel) Putti, M (Italy-USA) Ferdeghini C (Italy) Rameev, B.Z. (Turkey) Findikoğlu, A. (USA) Reiss, G. (Germany) Fisk, Z. (USA) Rydh, A. (Sweden) Flukiger, R. L. (Switzerland) Salama, K. (USA) Fujimaki A. (Japan) Shull, R.D. (USA) Garifullin, I. (Russia) Sotelo A. (Spain) Gedik, N. (USA) Sumption, M. (USA) Gedik, Z. (Turkey) Tachiki, M. (Japan) Glowacki, B.A. (UK) Tagirov, L. (Russia) Goldacker, W. (Germany) Ustinov, A. (Germany) Gömöry, F. (Slovakia) Varlamov, A. (Italy) Grasso, G. (Italy) Vlasko-Vlasov, V. (USA) Gray, K.E. (USA) Weber, H.W. (Austria) Gross, R. (Germany) Welp, U. (USA) Grovenor, C. R. M. (UK) Wen, Hai-Hu (China) Gupta, A. (USA) Yavuz, M. (Canada) Habermeier, H.-U. (Germany) Zaoui, A. (France) Hamdan, N. M. (UAE) Zheng R. (Australia) Hampshire, D. P. (UK)

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ARTEMIS MARIN PRINCESS HOTEL - Useful Information

WIRELESS/CABLE INTERNET ACCESS HEALTH CENTER WiFi Service which is provided by Artemis Marin Artemis Marin Princess Hotel Health Center is Princess Hotel is free of charge. Our guests could located on the hotel -3 floor. Outpatient clinic is have a password card from the reception to be able open from 09:00 am to 18:00 pm on working days. to access the WiFi connection. Doctor on duty 7/24: Dr. Hüseyin Çorbacıoğlu Besides, a fully equipped ambulance will be in COMPUTER ROOM service 24/7 for emergencies. The Computer Room will be in service in lobby area Dial extension 9 for Health Center. during the Conference. TAXIS COPY CENTER Mr. Ersin - +90536 646 14 70 For your print and photocopy requests please proceed to the Copy Center located in the lobby. The BREAKFAST and MEAL TIMES Copy Center is open between 8:30am-5:20pm during 07:30 - 09:00 Breakfast the Conference. These services require a fee payable to Copy Center. 12:30 - 14:30 Lunch 19:00 - 21:00 Dinner

BANK AND ATM DIETARY REQUIREMENTS Automated Teller Machines (ATM) are located in the Participants with special dietary requirements are front of Hotel Artemis Marin Princess. asked to notify the conference office by e-mail prior to their arrival if they have not already done so when

registering. Those with special dietary requirements SMOKING other than vegetarian are asked to make themselves Smoking is not allowed inside of buildings. Smoking known to the catering team. It will not be possible to is only allowed in the open areas outside the provide an alternative menu unless prior notification buildings. has been received. Nut allergies – unfortunately the LCCC cannot provide assurances that food has not DISCLAIMER / SECURITY been cross-contaminated with traces of nuts during ingredient processing at manufacture’s sites, and Please note that the ICSM2012 Organisation, its during food preparation and on-site. For this reason, approved representatives and Artemis Marin we are unable to provide guarantees that any of the Princess Hotel take no responsibility for any food served is free from nuts or trace elements. accident, loss or damage to participants or to their property during the conference. Please write to Ms. Ozlem Ulgen at [email protected] if you have Artemis Marin Princess Hotel staff will be on duty for any queries. 24/7. To report an emergency, or for immediate assistance please dial extension 9.

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PRESENTER'S INFORMATION

Oral Presentations installed for your audio/video files please consult with the responsible person in the hall. We will do Duration of the oral presentations will be : our best to accomodate your request. Plenary: 45 min (40+5) 7) The lecture theatre is reasonably large, and Invited: 30 min (27+3) speakers should use a minimum 15-point font size in Contrubuted: 20 min (18+2) PowerPoint slides to ensure legibility. Presenters are asked to prepare their talks to match Note: The rooms are equipped with the following the allocated times which will be rigidly enforced by audio-visual equipment: session chairs. 1) Data projector Poster Presentations 2) PC with MS PowerPoint (Office 2007 and Windows 7). Poster hanging time: lunch time 3) Speakers will not be allowed to use their personal Poster pickup time: dinner time computers for the presentation. 4) Speakers are requested to upload their Poster size: Width (100cm) presentations ahead of the session, preferably one Height (140cm) day before the session. 5) While uploading your presentation, please make Poster areas: Foyer area next to the conference halls sure that you copy your file to the appropriate folder (MARMARA/FIRAT HALLS) in the computer. For assistance, please contact to the Note: responsible person in the hall. 6) To optimise compatibility, particularly for the 1) Please hang your posters to boards indicating inclusion of multimedia components, PowerPoint your poster (abstract) IDs presentations are recommended to be saved using 2) Posters not picked up on time will be taken away PowerPoint’s “Package for CD” facility. If your by the hotel staff. presentation contains multimedia components, you are urged to check the compatibility at least one day 3) Please note that poster size should not exceed the before your presentation. If you need any programs dimensions mentioned above.

SPECIAL EVENTS

SUNDAY, 29 April: traditional costumes) on Monday, 30 April 2012 at 9 pm. You are kindly invited to attend The Opening Cocktail and The Conference Welcome Dinner. The Conference Director & Organizing Committee will WEDNESDAY, 2 May: kindly host a Welcome Reception for all delegates which will take place at the Artemis Marin Princess You are kindly invited to attend the main excursion of Hotel on April 29 day, from 8pm to 11pm. The the conference on 2 May Wednesday: Bosphorous Presidental Symphony Orchestra will give a mini cruise dinner. Journey starts at 3:15 pm from the concert. Afterwards, there will be a traditional folk Venue Hotel. music/dance concert. This will provide delegates the opportunity of meeting each other before the scientific program begins the following day. THURSDAY, 3 May: MONDAY, 30 April: You are kindly invited to attend the Conference Gala Dinner given by the conference organization, on You are kindly invited to attend Turkish Night (Turkish Thursday, 3 May 2012. Location will be announced Folk Dances from different parts of Turkey with their later depending on weather conditions.

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SOCIAL PROGRAM (ON DEMAND WITH PAYMENT)

In addition to the conference social activites b. Pre and Post Conference Tours (welcome party, gala cruise dinner on bosphorous,  Green Bursa; full day tour entertainment shows and soft animations at the  Pergamon; operates all year round venue hotel) there are several daily tour options  Ephesus & Virgin mary’s house; every day which are listed below;  Pamukkale ( hierapolis ); every day a. Daily Istanbul Tours  Cappadocia (fairy chimneys); 2 days 1 night tour  Byzantian relics; half day morning tour  Nemrut Mountain tour; 3 days 2 nights tour  Ottoman relics; half day morning tour  Blue Voyage; 4 days – 3 nights tour  Byzantian & ottoman relics; full day tour  Troy & Gallipoli (anzacs); 1 night 2 days tour  Bosphorus cruise; morning & afternoon tour Please note: These tours are arranged on pre-request  Two continents ( asia & europe ); half day with payment: afternoon tour Pre-requesties:  Bosphorus & two continents; full day tour - For each tour, there must be a minimum of 10  Princes islands; full day tour people signed up.  Jewish heritage; full day tour - You may sign-up before your arrival, no advence  Orient show by night payment is needed.  İstanbul aquarium (spectacular tourist attraction)- europe’s biggest For details of the daily tours and pre/post conference tours please visit Social Program page: www.icsm2012.org/social-program.

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EXHIBITORS / SPONSORS

We would like to express our gratitude to our sponsors for their invaluable and ongoing supports to our Conference:

Platinum Sponsors:

Gold Sponsors:

Exhibition boot:9 Silver Sponsors:

Exhibition boot: 5-6

Exhibition boot: 3-4

Exhibition boot: 1-2 Bronze Sponsors:

Exhibition boot: 8 Exhibition boot: 20

Exhibition boot: 7 Exhibition boot:21

Exhibition boot: 19 Exhibition boot: 13

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EXHIBITION AREA FLOOR PLAN

EXHIBITION OPENING TIMES:

MONDAY 30 APRIL 08:30 – 20:00 TUESDAY 01 MAY 08:30 – 20:00 WEDNESDAY 02 MAY 08:30 – 15:30

THURSDAY 03 MAY 08:30 – 20:00

1-2 VAKSIS 3-4 CRYOGENIC 5-6 QUANTUM DESIGN 7 LAKESHORE 8 COLUMBUS SUPERCONDUCTOR 9 SUPERMAG 10 ARTLab 11 BORMAG 13 TEKNIS 14 BIOSTAR 15 NETES 16 TETRA 17 SPRINGER 18 CRYOMECH 19 HVP (HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCTS) 20 NANOMAGNETICS INSTRUMENTS 21 TEKNOGEM

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LOCATION, TRANSFER & SHUTTLE For the transfers and shuttles between the venue and airports please check our web site for the latest information and time schedules: http://www.icsm2012.org/general-information/transport You may also contact with Mr. Serdar Ozata at [email protected] (Phone: +90 532 541 21 68), Mr. Hakan Güngüneş at [email protected] (Phone: +90 532 711 34 50), Mr. Haluk Koralay at [email protected] (Phone: +90 532 656 30 71).

Driving directions from Atatürk Airport  Ataturk International Airport Yesilkoy Mh. 34149 Istanbul, Turkey  1 Ataturk Airport Passenger Entry termssoutheast toward 800 m  2nd roundabout Cd Ataturk Airport that2nd exit onto 1.4 miles  3 Take the ramp 230 m  4 E-5 Highway / D100 , turn right towards 400 m  5 E-5 Highway / D100 light, turn right towards 13.4 miles  6 E-5 Highway / D100 Slight left to stay on Scroll through D100 20.4 miles  7 left at the fork to continue 2.8 miles  8 D100 , turn left to stay on 29 m  9 D-100 Yanyolu turn left towards You will see where you are looking for the right 280 m Artemis Marin Princess Hotel E-5 Highway / Kamiloba-Kumburgaz Buyukcekmece 34 910 Istanbul, Turkey

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 Artemis Marin Princess Hotel - Main Conference Venue  Kum Resort Hotel Kumburgaz  Ata Hotel Kumburgaz - http://www.atahotel.com.tr  Angel’s City Hotel Kumburgaz - http://hotelangelscity.com/  Blue World Hotel Kumburgaz

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ISTANBUL GUIDE

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Sultanahmet-Old City: Essentially Constantinople of Roman, Byzantine, and much of the Ottoman period, this is where most of the famous historical sights of Istanbul are located Galata: Housing many of the nightlife venues of the city, this district which includes Beyoğlu, Istiklal Street, and Taksim Square has also its own share of sights and accommodation New City: Main business district of the city, also home to many modern shopping malls, and districts such as Elmadağ, Nişantaşı, and Etiler Bosphorus: European bank of Bosphorus that is dotted by numerous palaces, parks, water-front mansions, and bohemian neighborhoods Golden Horn: Banks of Golden Horn, the estuary that separates European Side into distinctive districts. Eyüp with an Ottoman ambience is located here Princes’ Islands: An excellent getaway from the city, made up of an archipelago of nine car-free islands— some of them small, some of them big—with splendid wooden mansions, verdant pine forests and nice views—both on the islands themselves, and also on the way there Asian Side: Eastern half of Istanbul, with lovely neighborhoods at the Marmara and Bosphorus coasts. Western Suburbs: Western chunk of the European Side

History

Expanding the ancient Greek colony of major cultural, political, and commercial center. Byzantium by the order of the Roman Emperor Ottoman rule continued until it was defeated in Constantine the Great, the imperial city WWI and Istanbul was occupied by the allies. ofConstantinople was for nearly a thousand When the Republic of Turkey was born in 1923 years the last remaining outpost of the Roman after the War of Independence, Kemal Atatürk (later termed Eastern Roman or Byzantine) moved its capital to the city of Ankara. However, Empire. It was finally conquered by the Ottoman Istanbul has continued to expand dramatically; Sultan Mehmed II on May 29th, 1453, an event today its population is approximately 14 million sometimes used to mark the end of the Middle and increases at an estimated 400,000 Ages. It was the nerve center for military immigrants per year. Industry has expanded campaigns that were to enlarge the Ottoman even as tourism has grown. It continues to be a Empire dramatically. By the mid 1500s, Istanbul, city that creates its own history at the with a population of almost half a million, was a intersection where both continents meet.

Orientation

Istanbul is divided in three by the north-south of Sultanahmet, to the west of the Bosphorus Bosphorus Strait (Istanbul Bogazi), the dividing between the Horn and the Sea. Across the Horn line between Europe and Asia, the estuary of the to the north are Galata, Beyoğlu and Taksim, the Golden Horn (Haliç) bisecting the western part heart of modern Istanbul, while Kadıköy is the and the Sea of Marmara (Marmara Denizi) major district on the comparatively less-visited forming a boundary to the south. Most sights Anatolian side of the city. The Black Sea forms are concentrated in the old city on the peninsula the northern boundary of Istanbul.

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Public transport

Istanbul's public transit system can be difficult to platform. The great part for travelers is that you figure out; maps are rare and you often have to can buy only one and buzz it as many times as transfer, and pay another fare, to get where you there are passengers. You can buy or refill them are going. However, if you put some effort into at designated booths located at any major bus, it, you can avoid taxis and not walk too much. tram, to metro station, as well as some other Ticket fares across buses, trams and metros are places such as newspaper stands close to bus at a flat rate (i.e. not dependent on how far you stops. An AKBİL provides slightly discounted go). Only cash in Turkish lira is accepted at ticket rates compared to regular single tickets, as well kiosks of public transport, no credit cards or as discounts in transfers (when used multiple foreign currency. Also be aware that the Istanbul times within a limited period, roughly an hour subway system does not offer transfer tickets and a half since the last time you used it). A and as such each new line requires a new fare, deposit for the device itself is payable when you unless you use an akbil or an Istanbulkart. buy it, which is refundable if you choose to return it later. However, the credit left in the Buying an AKBİL (AKıllı BİLet - Turkish acronym AKBİL is not refundable, so plan ahead for "Smart Ticket") is a good idea if you are in accordingly. Istanbul for more than a day or two, and intend to use public transport. AKBİL is a small The Akbil is currently being phased out in favor electronic device serving as a ticket which may of the "Istanbulkart" smart card. Istanbulkarts be used on buses, trams, suburban trains, metro, can be purchased and refilled at the same local ferries, etc. You buzz the AKBİL when you locations as Akbils get on the bus or enter the tram/metro By bus_IETT

There are two types of public buses in Istanbul; of services after 10PM. Some lines between those run by the private sector and those run by major centres operate 24 hr, though, as is the the city-owned İETT. You can differentiate these Metrobüs, with about an hour intervals. After two types by their colors. Privately run buses are midnight, buses cost two tickets pp rather than blue-green with yellow non-electronic the usual one. destination signs while İETT-run buses come in 24 hr Bus Lines: many flavors including old red-blue ones, newer  73 Taksim Square-Ataturk International Airport green ones and red double-deckers. The Akbil  110 Taksim Square-Kadikoy Transit Pass is valid universally while tickets that  112 Taksim Square-Bostanci can be obtained in kiosks near bus stops are  valid only onİETT buses and cash payment only 25T Taksim Square-Sariyer on private buses, although if you get on an İETT  40 Taksim Square-Sariyer bus the driver will normally accept cash and  89C Taksim Square-Basaksehir hand you his Akbil for you to use.  E10 Kadikoy-Sabiha Gokcen International Airport Recently installed Metrobüs, long hybrid buses  15F Kadikoy-Uskudar running on their special lanes separated from all  other traffic and thus saving lots of time in 130 Kadikoy-Tuzla Istanbul's usually congested roads, connect  34A Sogutlucesme(Kadikoy) - Edirnekapi western suburb of Avcılar with Kadıköy in Asian (Metrobus) Side via Bakırköy, Cevizlibağ which is just out of  34 Avcilar-Zincirlikuyu (Metrobus) old city walls near Topkapı Gate, and As a tourist, you are most likely to use the tram Mecidiyeköy. and the metro in the Sultanahmet and Taksim Most bus lines operate between 6AM and area since there are no bus lines operating in the around midnight, usually with a reduced volume area anymore.

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By metro

Istanbul's first underground system dates back connecting Taksim to Kabataş where you can get to 19th century, when the funicular subway on ferries and cross to the Anatolian side, and "Tünel" was constructed to operate fromKaraköy also transfer to trams bound for old city. The to Istiklal Street in 1875. The distance travelled separate southern line is most useful for visitors, was 573 metres. Recommended option to go up- connecting Aksaray (with its connections to the hill from Galata Bridge (Beyoglu side) to the tram line onwards to old city) to Atatürk Airport, famous Istiklal Caddesi (main street). In 1990's, a via the main coach station (Otogar). A modern tram line was constructed in the connecting line between southern and northern European side of the city, and now it's being lines, crossing Golden Horn on a bridge, is under extended to the inner parts of the city, as well as construction, but don't hold your breath. to the Anatolian side with a sea-tunnel named Nowadays, most metro stations do not have a "Marmaray" crossing below the Bosphorus. staffed ticket booth, so you will have to obtain Istanbul's metro consists of two lines, the your token from automatic token dispensers. northern line is currently just a short stub Insert coins and then press the button marked connecting Şişhane to Hacıosman via Taksim onay (Turkish for "approval", no English Square, and Mecidiyeköy and Levent in business translations are given on the machines). district. There is also a funicular system

By tram_Istanbul Metro & Tram

A tram (line # T1) connects Zeytinburnu Sirkeci to Kabataş crossing Golden Horn after 44 (connection to the metro line to the airport) to years again. 55 vehicles built by ABB run on the Kabataş (connection to the underground line. The daily transport capacity is 155,000 funicular to Taksim). The line is 14km long, has passengers. 24 stations and serves many popular tourist sites Tramway stations are: Zeytinburnu, Mithatpaşa, (e.g. in Sultanahmet) and ferries (e.g. Eminönü). Akşemsettin, Seyitnizam, Merkezefendi, An entire trip takes 42 minutes. Cevizlibağ, Topkapı, Pazartekke, Çapa, There are two tram lines running on the same Fındıkzade, Haseki, Yusufpaşa, Aksaray, Laleli tracks, the line numbered as 38 in front of tram (Üniversite), Beyazıt (Kapalıçarşı), Çemberlitaş, cars runs along the entire T1 line between Sultanahmet, Gülhane, Sirkeci, Eminönü Kabataş and Zeytinburnu, while significantly (ferryboats), Karaköy, Tophane, Fındıklı, Kabataş. shorter line #47 runs between Eminönü and Between Taksim and Kabatas, there is a modern Cevizlibağ stations (the latter of which is underground funicular to connect this tram line abbreviated as C.bağ-A.Ö.Y. on the signage of to the Taksim metro. The tram is also connected tram cars). However, both lines call at stations to the southern metro line (for the Otogar and that are of most interest to travellers through Ataturk Airport) at Aksaray station, though the the Old City. During morning and evening rush metro and tram lines are a short walk from each hours every alternate tram runs as #47, while other. during the rest of the day, most run as #38. During morning and evening rush hours (roughly Although you may use the same tokens or AKBİL between 7AM-9AM and 5PM-7:30PM on the metro and tram, you must pay another respectively), tram cars run jam-packed so if you fare each time you change lines. The tram was intend to take it for a couple of stations down put in service in 1992 on standard gauge track the way, don't even bother—walking instead is with modern cars, connecting Sirkeci with not only less tiresome than standing in what is Topkapi. The line was extended on one end from essentially more crowded than a sardine can, it's Topkapi to Zeytinburnu in March 1994 and, on also quicker as you will most likely be able to get the other end from Sirkeci to Eminönü in April 1996. On January 30, 2005 it was extended from

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in the second or even third tram calling at the underground for part of its route), which heads station due to the crowd. for Sultançiftliği, connecting to the Zeytinburnu There are also two other tram lines linking and Topkapı stations of the T1 line respectively. residential and industrial suburbs in the However, these lines are of very little, if any, use northwest with the city centre: T2, which heads to the average traveller. for Bağcılar, and T4 (which is more like metro- tram systems of northwestern Europe, as it lies

By boat

Unique Istanbul liners (large conventional ferry  Sirkeci - Adalar - Yalova - Cınarcık (The boats), sea-buses (high speed catamarans), or Princes' Islands Route) mid-sized private ferries travel between the Furthermore, the sea-buses (deniz otobüsü) European and Asian sides of the city. The follow the same (or more) routes, usually much crossing takes about 20 minutes and gives great faster than liners. Returning to Yenikapi from views of the Bosphorus. Be aware that Kadikoy by sea-bus is a fast and convenient way sometimes the ferry when arriving at a dock can to cross the Bosphorus; at Yenikapi there is a bounce off the pier accidentally, even on calm railway station with frequent trains to days. This can cause people to fall over if they Sirkeci/Eminönü and the Yenikapi fish restaurant are standing up, so it is advisable to remain area is close by (or one stop on the train). seated until the ferry has come to an absolute Four main private ferry routes for travelling stop. between Asia and Europe sides are: In Istanbul, liners from any given quay generally  Besiktaş - Üsküdar take only a certain route, and these quays are  Kabataş - Üsküdar (close to tram and signposted ‘X Iskelesi’ (“X Landing stage/pier”). funicular system in Kabataş) For instance, Eminönü alone has more than 5 landing stages (including the ones used by other  Eminönü - Üsküdar (close to tram in ferries apart from liners), so if you should head Eminönü) for, say,Üsküdar, you should take the ferry which  Eminönü - Kadıköy (close to tram in Eminönü) departs from ‘Üsküdar Iskelesi’. Replace Very useful are the fast ferryboats (travelling at ‘Üsküdar’ with the destination of your choice. 55 kilometers) running from several points, such Istanbul liners [9] travel on the following routes: as the Yenikapi - Yalova one, that allows you (with a connecting bus in Yalova) to be in Bursa  Karaköy - Haydarpaşa - Kadıköy centre in less than three hours. Prices are  Kadıköy - Eminönü marginally higher and the gain in time is  Üsküdar - Eminönü considerable, though the view is not as nice.  Üsküdar - Karaköy - Eminönü - Eyüp (The All of the ferries, including private ones, can be Golden Horn Route) paid for using the AKBIL system or the new  Kadıköy - Besiktaş Smart RFID Card that is in the process of  Kabatas - Uskudar - Harem introduction.  Istinye - Emirgan - Kanlıca - Anadolu Hisarı - A new metro line extension crossing the Kandilli - Bebek - Arnavutköy - Çengelköy (The Bosphorus in a tunnel is under construction. This Whole Bosphorus Route) will change the ferry provision and is perhaps a  Anadolu Kavağı - Rumeli Kavağı - Sariyer good reason to visit Istanbul before it is  Eminönü - Kavaklar (Special Bosphorus Tour- completed. Recommended For Tourists)

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By train

Suburban/commuter trains (banliyö treni) using respectively. These trains are one of the fastest somewhat dilapidated stock and running on connections between the old city and western national rail network, connect suburbs along the suburbs, especially Bakırköy, although they, European and Asian coast of the Sea of Marmara especially the line on European Side, are best to main stations at Sirkeci and Haydarpaşa, avoided late at night

By taxi

Taxis are an easy and cheap way to get around. Drivers do normally work with the taximeter, so Tipping is generally unnecessary. Occasionally, they will not be surprised at all when you ask drivers will refuse to start the meter and try to them to put it on. The price at the end will be negotiate a fixed prize (but most drivers will quite close to the one they tell you at the start taximeters at all times). You should avoid beginning. There is now, as of October 2009, just these cabs and simply take another one as you one fare unit, it means, there is no extra fare at will almost certainly end paying too much. To be night. sure, before getting in, just ask "how much to go Traffic can be very bad, it can take an hour for a to ...?" (most of the drivers understand basic few km through the old city. You might be better English) since the price they tell then is quite off taking the metro out of the old city and then accurate. Tell them then to put the taximeter on. a taxi from there.

By shared taxi

Dolmuş (Turkish: "full") is a shared taxi, . Taksim - Aksaray (Taksim stop, Tarlabasi travelling on a fixed route, which costs more Avenue, close to Taksim square) than a city autobus but less than a normal taxi. . Kadıköy - Bostanci (Bostanci stop, in front of They can carry up to 8 passengers. They are easy the Bostanci ferry port) to recognize, because they also have the yellow . Taksim - Tesvikiye (Taksim stop, in front of painting as taxis and carry a Dolmus sign on its Patisserie Gezi, in Taksim square) top. They will only start driving when all eight places are filled, which is also where the name . Beşiktaş - Nisantasi (Beşiktaş stop, in front of derives from. the Beşiktaş - Üsküdar ferry port) The main and most important routes for . Kadıköy - Üsküdar (Üsküdar stop, Near the Dolmuses are : Üsküdar - Beşiktaş and Üsküdar - Kabataş ferry port) . Taksim - Eminönü (Taksim stop, near the Ataturk Cultural Center, in Taksim square) If you want the driver to make a stop, you can say İnecek var.(EE-neh-djek war!) (Someone's . Taksim - Kadıköy getting out.) or Müsait bir yerde.(mU-sa-EEt bir . Taksim - Bostanci yer-deh.) (At a convenient spot.).

The above information is taken from wikitravel: http://wikitravel.org/en/Istanbul

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