DOCSLIB.ORG

Sodium Hydroxide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: SODIUM HYDROXIDE CAS Number: 1310-73-2 Synonyms: Caustic Soda; Lye; Sodium Hydrate RTK Substance Number: 1706 Chemical Name: Sodium Hydroxide DOT Number: UN 1823 (solid) Date: April 2010 Revision: November 2015 UN 1824 (solution) Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE LAST PAGE Sodium Hydroxide is an odorless, white solid that absorbs Hazard Summary moisture from the air. It is used to make textiles, cellophane, Hazard Rating NJDHSS NFPA and pulp and paper, in soaps and detergents, and for etching HEALTH - 3 and electroplating. FLAMMABILITY - 0 REACTIVITY - 1 CORROSIVE DO NOT USE WATER Reasons for Citation Sodium Hydroxide is on the Right to Know Hazardous Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; 4=severe Substance List because it is cited by OSHA, ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NFPA and EPA. This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance Sodium Hydroxide can affect you when inhaled and by List. passing through the skin. Sodium Hydroxide is a HIGHLY CORROSIVE CHEMICAL and contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes with possible eye damage. Contact can irritate the mouth, nose and throat. Inhaling Sodium Hydroxide can irritate the lungs. Higher SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency. FIRST AID Repeated exposure can lead to permanent lung damage. Eye Contact Sodium Hydroxide in contact with water or moisture may Quickly brush off excess chemical from the face. generate enough heat to ignite combustibles. Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids. Remove contact lenses, if worn, while flushing. Seek medical attention Workplace Exposure Limits immediately. OSHA: The legal airborne permissible exposure limit (PEL) is 2 mg/m3 averaged over an 8-hour workshift. Skin Contact Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately blot or brush off excess chemical and wash gently with large NIOSH: The recommended airborne exposure limit (REL) is amounts water for at least 30 minutes. Seek medical 2 mg/m3, which should not be exceeded at any time. attention immediately. ACGIH: The threshold limit value (TLV) is 2 mg/m3, which Inhalation should not be exceeded at any time. Remove the person from exposure. Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. The above exposure limits are for air levels only. When skin Transfer promptly to a medical facility. contact also occurs, you may be overexposed, even though Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after air levels are less than the limits listed above. overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. EMERGENCY NUMBERS Poison Control: 1-800-222-1222 CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 NJDEP Hotline: 1-877-927-6337 National Response Center: 1-800-424-8802 SODIUM HYDROXIDE Page 2 of 6 Determining Your Exposure Reproductive Hazard There is no evidence that Sodium Hydroxide affects Read the product manufacturer’s Material Safety Data reproduction. This is based on test results presently Sheet (MSDS) and the label to determine product available to the NJDH from published studies. ingredients and important safety and health information about the product mixture. Other Effects Sodium Hydroxide can irritate the lungs. Repeated For each individual hazardous ingredient, read the New exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with coughing, Jersey Department of Health Hazardous Substance Fact phlegm, and/or shortness of breath. Sheet, available on the RTK website Repeated exposure can lead to permanent lung damage. (http://nj.gov/health/workplacehealthandsafety/right-to- know) or in your facility’s RTK Central File or Hazard Communication Standard file. Medical You have a right to this information under the New Jersey Medical Testing Worker and Community Right to Know Act and the Public For frequent or potentially high exposure (half the PEL or Employees Occupational Safety and Health (PEOSH) Act greater), the following are recommended before beginning if you are a public worker in New Jersey, and under the work and at regular times after that: federal Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) if you are a private worker. Lung function tests The New Jersey Right to Know Act requires most If symptoms develop or overexposure is suspected, the employers to label chemicals in the workplace and following is (are) recommended: requires public employers to provide their employees with information concerning chemical hazards and controls. Consider chest x-ray after acute overexposure The federal OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 Exam of the eyes and vision CFR 1910.1200) and the PEOSH Hazard Communication Any evaluation should include a careful history of past and Standard (N.J.A.C. 12:100-7) require employers to provide present symptoms with an exam. Medical tests that look for similar information and training to their employees. damage already done are not a substitute for controlling exposure. This Fact Sheet is a summary of available information regarding the health hazards that may result from exposure. Request copies of your medical testing. You have a legal right Duration of exposure, concentration of the substance and other to this information under the OSHA Access to Employee factors will affect your susceptibility to any of the potential Exposure and Medical Records Standard (29 CFR 1910.1020). effects described below. Mixed Exposures Smoking can cause heart disease, lung cancer, Health Hazard Information emphysema, and other respiratory problems. It may worsen respiratory conditions caused by chemical exposure. Even if Acute Health Effects you have smoked for a long time, stopping now will reduce The following acute (short-term) health effects may occur your risk of developing health problems. immediately or shortly after exposure to Sodium Hydroxide: Contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes with possible permanent eye damage (corneal opacities), causing blindness. Contact can irritate the mouth, nose and throat. Inhaling Sodium Hydroxide can irritate the lungs causing coughing and/or shortness of breath. Higher exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency, with severe shortness of breath. Chronic Health Effects The following chronic (long-term) health effects can occur at some time after exposure to Sodium Hydroxide and can last for months or years: Cancer Hazard According to the information presently available to the New Jersey Department of Health, Sodium Hydroxide has not been tested for its ability to cause cancer in animals. SODIUM HYDROXIDE Page 3 of 6 Workplace Controls and Practices Eye Protection Very toxic chemicals, or those that are reproductive hazards or Wear eye protection with side shields or goggles. sensitizers, require expert advice on control measures if a less Wear a face shield along with goggles when working with toxic chemical cannot be substituted. Control measures corrosive, highly irritating or toxic substances. include: (1) enclosing chemical processes for severely irritating and corrosive chemicals, (2) using local exhaust Respiratory Protection ventilation for chemicals that may be harmful with a single Improper use of respirators is dangerous. Respirators exposure, and (3) using general ventilation to control should only be used if the employer has implemented a written exposures to skin and eye irritants. For further information on program that takes into account workplace conditions, workplace controls, consult the NIOSH document on Control requirements for worker training, respirator fit testing, and Banding at www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ctrlbanding/. medical exams, as described in the OSHA Respiratory The following work practices are also recommended: Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134). Label process containers. Where the potential exists for exposure over 2 mg/m3, use a Provide employees with hazard information and training. NIOSH approved negative pressure, air-purifying, particulate Monitor airborne chemical concentrations. filter respirator with an N, R or P100 filter. More protection is Use engineering controls if concentrations exceed provided by a full facepiece respirator than by a half-mask recommended exposure levels. respirator, and even greater protection is provided by a Provide eye wash fountains and emergency showers. powered-air purifying respirator. Wash or shower if skin comes in contact with a hazardous Leave the area immediately if (1) while wearing a filter or material. cartridge respirator you can smell, taste, or otherwise detect Always wash at the end of the workshift. Sodium Hydroxide, (2) while wearing particulate filters Change into clean clothing if clothing becomes abnormal resistance to breathing is experienced, or (3) eye contaminated. irritation occurs while wearing a full facepiece respirator. Do not take contaminated clothing home. Check to make sure the respirator-to-face seal is still good. Get special training to wash contaminated clothing. If it is, replace the filter or cartridge. If the seal is no longer Do not eat, smoke, or drink in areas where chemicals are good, you may need a new respirator. being handled, processed or stored. Consider all potential sources of exposure in your workplace. Wash hands carefully before eating, smoking, drinking, You may need a combination of filters, prefilters or cartridges
Recommended publications
  • Chemical Storage Cabinets

    Chemical Storage Cabinets

    Storage cabinets Incompatible chemicals must be kept separately to reduce the risk of mixing in case of accidental breakage or response to an emergency within the laboratory. (A starting point is to check the Safety Data Sheet for hazard and storage requirements.) Containers must be kept tightly closed and stored in cabinets which are suitable for the chemical. It is important to check materials which have a shelf life and safely dispose of before the date expires, and generally check the label to ensure it is still suitable and provides the necessary safety information. The condition of the cabinets needs to be checked to ensure that they are providing adequate containment of the materials being stored. Ensure spill trays are used which are capable of holding 110% volume of the largest container being stored in the tray. There may be occasions where the quantities being stored are very small and secondary containment of the chemicals within a cabinet provided would be deemed as providing adequate separation. The table below provides guidance on the type of materials being stored and the type of cabinet which is suitable for that material. This is not a definitive list and does not include ‘Highly Toxic’ materials. Separate guidance is in development. Hazard Group Type of cabinet Safety Sign and suggested Other information Max allowed (where wording applicable) Flammable Liquids Metal flammable storage Flammable liquids must 50 litres of highly flammable cabinet to BS EN 14470- never be stored in a liquid stored in any one E.g. alcohols, toluene, 1:2004, offering minimum refrigerator or freezer laboratory.
  • Liquid Lye MSDS

    Liquid Lye MSDS

    MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LIQUID LYE Revision Number 4, Revision Date 10.01.29 1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/PREPARATION AND THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING Product Code CON151BT Product Name LIQUID LYE Synonyms Liquid Sodium Hydroxide (50%) Manufacturer and Supplier CHEM CLEAN LTD #1 Trincity Drive Trincity Industrial Estate Trincity Trinidad and Tobago EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBER (868) 662-2615 2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS CAS CHEMICAL NAME % WEIGHT 1310-73-2 Sodium Hydroxide 49 min 3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Emergency Overview: ♦ Corrosive ♦ Based upon available toxicity information for this and closely related materials, it is anticipated that this material will be harmful if ingested and can cause serious tissue damage Eye Contact ♦ Causes severe burns Skin Contact ♦ Causes severe irritation and chemical burns Inhalation ♦ None, if used in adequately ventilated area Ingestion ♦ Harmful if swallowed ♦ Causes serious damage to tissues General Advice ♦ See First Aid Section Properties affecting Health Principle Routes of ♦ Eye Exposure ♦ Skin 4. FIRST AID MEASURES General Advice ♦ Show this Safety Data Sheet to the Doctor in attendance Page 1 of 6 LIQUID LYE Skin Contact ♦ Immediately apply vinegar if readily available ♦ Immediately flush skin with plenty of cool running water for at least 15 minutes ♦ Immediately remove contaminated clothing ♦ Immediate Medical Attention is required if irritation persists or burns develop Eye Contact ♦ In case of eye contact, remove contact lens and rinse immediately with plenty of water,
  • Treating Irrigation Systems with Chlorine 1

    Treating Irrigation Systems with Chlorine 1

    Archival copy: for current recommendations see http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu or your local extension office. CIR1039 Treating Irrigation Systems with Chlorine 1 Kati W. Migliaccio, Brian Boman and Gary A. Clark2 Introduction Irrigation systems can become partially or completely clogged from biological growths of bacteria or algae which are often present in surface water and ground water. Bacteria and algae use chemical elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, or iron as nutrient sources to grow and develop (Figures 1 and 2) (Pitts et al., 2003). Thus, irrigation systems that also receive nutrients (such as natural background concentrations in the water or from fertigation) may experience greater rates of clogging. While all irrigation systems should have some Figure 1. Irrigation emitter clogged with algal growth. type of filtration system, this alone cannot effectively Credits: Brian Boman UF/IFAS remove microorganisms. Microorganism growth can result in clogged pipes, fittings, and emission devices of the chlorine chemical must be used to provide an (sprinklers, drippers, spray jets, etc.), decreasing effective water treatment program without damaging water application amounts and reducing application the irrigation system or the agricultural crop. uniformity and efficiency. The results of these are This publication provides a guide for using generally reduced agriculture productivity. A chlorine to treat inhibiting microorganism buildup in chemical method for removing microbial growth is irrigation systems. chlorination. Proper injection methods and amounts 1. This document is CIR1039, one of a series of the Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date July 1992.
  • (Oxy)Hydroxide Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation Bryan R

    (Oxy)Hydroxide Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation Bryan R

    www.acsami.org Research Article Effect of Selenium Content on Nickel Sulfoselenide-Derived Nickel (Oxy)hydroxide Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation Bryan R. Wygant, Anna H. Poterek, James N. Burrow, and C. Buddie Mullins* Cite This: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 20366−20375 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: An efficient and inexpensive electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) must be found in order to improve the viability of hydrogen fuel production via water electrolysis. Recent work has indicated that nickel chalcogenide materials show promise as electrocatalysts for this reaction and that their performance can be further enhanced with the generation of ternary, bimetallic chalcogenides (i.e., Ni1−aMaX2); however, relatively few studies have investigated ternary chalcogenides created through the addition of a second chalcogen (i.e., NiX2−aYa). To address this, we fi studied a series of Se-modi ed Ni3S2 composites for use as OER electrocatalysts in alkaline solution. We found that the addition of Se results in the creation of Ni3S2/NiSe composites composed of cross-doped metal chalcogenides and show that the addition of 10% Se reduces the overpotential required to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2 by 40 mV versus a pure nickel sulfide material. Chemical analysis of the composites’ surfaces shows a reduction in the amount of nickel oxide species with Se incorporation, which is supported by transmission electron microscopy; this reduction is correlated with a decrease in the OER overpotentials measured for these samples. Together, our results suggest that the incorporation of Se into Ni3S2 creates a more conductive material with a less-oxidized surface that is more electrocatalytically active and resistant to further oxidation.
  • 186 SESSION LAWS [Chap

    186 SESSION LAWS [Chap

    186 SESSION LAWS [Chap. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. Approved April 13, 1925. CHAPTER 187—S. F. No. 984. An act to safeguard the distribution and sale of certain danger- ous caustic or corrosive acids, alkalis, and other substances. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Minnesota: Section 1. Definitions.—That in this act, unless the context or subject-matter otherwise requires, A. The term "dangerous caustic or corrosive substance" means each and all of the acids, alkalis, and substances named below: (a) Hydrochloric acid and any preparation containing free or chemi- cally unneutralized hydrochloric acid (HC1) in a concentration of ten per centum or more; (b) Sulphuric acid and any preparation containing free or chemically unneulralized sulphuric acid (H2SO4) in a concentration of ten per centum or more; (c) Nitric acid or any preparation containing free or chemically unneutralized nitric acid (HNO3) in a concentration of five per centum or more; (d) Carbolic acid (C6H5OH), otherwise known as phenol, and any preparation containing carbolic acid in a concentration of five per centum or more; (e) Oxalic acid and any preparation containing free or chemically unneutralized oxalic acid (H2C2O4) in a con- centration of ten per centum or more; (f) Any salt of oxalic acid and any preparation containing any such salt in a concentration of ten per centum or more; (g) Acetic acid or any preparation con- taining free or chemically unneutralized acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in a concentration of
  • The Influence of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration on the Phase, Morphology and Agglomeration of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and Application As Fenton Catalyst

    The Influence of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration on the Phase, Morphology and Agglomeration of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and Application As Fenton Catalyst

    Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures Vol.14, No.4, October-December 2019, p. 1131-1137 THE INFLUENCE OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE CONCENTRATION ON THE PHASE, MORPHOLOGY AND AGGLOMERATION OF COBALT OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND APPLICATION AS FENTON CATALYST E. L. VILJOENa,*, P. M. THABEDEa, M. J. MOLOTOa, K. P. MUBIAYIb, B. W. DIKIZAa aDepartment of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology Private, Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa bSchool of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein Johannesburg 2000, South Africa The concentration of NaOH was varied from 0.2 M to 0.7 M during the preparation of the cobalt oxide/cobalt oxide hydroxide nanoparticles by precipitation and air oxidation. Cubic shaped and less well defined Co3O4 nanoparticles formed at 0.2 M NaOH. An increase in the NaOH concentration increased the number of well-defined cubic shaped nanoparticles. Agglomerated CoO(OH) particles with different shapes formed at the highest NaOH concentration. The cubic shaped Co3O4 nanoparticles were subsequently used as catalyst for the Fenton degradation of methylene blue and it was found that the least agglomerated nanoparticles were the most catalytically active. (Received June 25, 2019; Accepted December 6, 2019) Keywords: Cobalt oxide, Nanoparticles, Precipitation, pH, Fenton reaction 1. Introduction Controlling the size and the shape of nanoparticles using simple, inexpensive precipitation methods without sophisticated capping molecules, remains a challenge. Literature has indicated that the concentration of the base (pH) is an important parameter to control the size, shape and phase of metal oxide nanoparticles. Obodo et al.[1] used chemical bath deposition at atmospheric pressure and 70 °C to precipitate Co3O4 crystallites on a glass substrate and they showed that the crystallite sizes were larger at a higher pH of 12 in comparison to when a pH of 10 was used.
  • SODIUM HYDROXIDE @Lye, Limewater, Lyewater@

    SODIUM HYDROXIDE @Lye, Limewater, Lyewater@

    Oregon Department of Human Services Office of Environmental Public Health (503) 731-4030 Emergency 800 NE Oregon Street #604 (971) 673-0405 Portland, OR 97232-2162 (971) 673-0457 FAX (971) 673-0372 TTY-Nonvoice TECHNICAL BULLETIN HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION Prepared by: ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION OCTOBER, 1998 SODIUM HYDROXIDE @Lye, limewater, lyewater@ For More Information Contact: Environmental Toxicology Section (971) 673-0440 Drinking Water Section (971) 673-0405 Technical Bulletin - Health Effects Information Sodium Hydroxide Page 2 SYNONYMS: Caustic soda, sodium hydrate, soda lye, lye, natrium hydroxide CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: - Molecular Formula: NaOH - White solid, crystals or powder, will draw moisture from the air and become damp on exposure - Odorless, flat, sweetish flavor - Pure solid material or concentrated solutions are extremely caustic, immediately injurious to skin, eyes and respiratory system WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? Sodium hydroxide is extracted from seawater or other brines by industrial processes. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE USES OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE? Sodium hydroxide is an ingredient of many household products used for cleaning and disinfecting, in many cosmetic products such as mouth washes, tooth paste and lotions, and in food and beverage production for adjustment of pH and as a stabilizer. In its concentrated form (lye) it is used as a household drain cleaner because of its ability to dissolve organic solids. It is also used in many industries including glassmaking, paper manufacturing and mining. It is used widely in medications, for regulation of acidity. Sodium hydroxide may be used to counteract acidity in swimming pool water, or in drinking water. IS SODIUM HYDROXIDE NATURALLY PRESENT IN DRINKING WATER? Yes, because sodium and hydroxide ions are common natural mineral substances, they are present in many natural soils, in groundwater, in plants and in animal tissues.
  • Carbon Dioxide Capture from Atmospheric Air Using Sodium

    Carbon Dioxide Capture from Atmospheric Air Using Sodium

    Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 2728–2735 Carbon Dioxide Capture from Nearly all current research on CCS focuses on capturing CO2 from large, stationary sources such as power plants. Atmospheric Air Using Sodium Such plans usually entail separating CO2 from flue gas, compressing it, and transporting it via pipeline to be Hydroxide Spray sequestered underground. In contrast, the system described in this paper captures CO2 directly from ambient air (“air § capture”). This strategy will be expensive compared to capture JOSHUAH K. STOLAROFF, from point sources, but may nevertheless act as an important DAVID W. KEITH,‡ AND complement, since CO emissions from any sector can be GREGORY V. LOWRY*,† 2 captured, including emissions from diffuse sources such as Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, aircraft or automobiles, where on-board carbon capture is and Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering very difficult and the cost of alternatives is high. Additionally, and Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon in a future economy with low carbon emissions, air capture University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 might be deployed to generate negative net emissions (1). This ability to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations faster Received October 15, 2007. Revised manuscript received than natural cycles allow would be particularly desirable in February 05, 2008. Accepted February 06, 2008. scenarios where climate sensitivity is on the high end of what is expected, resulting in unacceptable shifts in land usability and stress to ecosystems. In contrast to conventional carbon capture systems for Previous research has shown that air capture is theoreti- cally feasible in terms of thermodynamic energy require- power plants and other large point sources, the system described ments, land use (2), and local atmospheric transport of CO2 in this paper captures CO2 directly from ambient air.
  • Exposure to Potassium Hydroxide Can Cause Headache, Eye Contact Dizziness, Nausea and Vomiting

    Exposure to Potassium Hydroxide Can Cause Headache, Eye Contact Dizziness, Nausea and Vomiting

    Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE Synonyms: Caustic Potash; Lye; Potassium Hydrate CAS Number: 1310-58-3 Chemical Name: Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) RTK Substance Number: 1571 Date: May 2001 Revision: January 2010 DOT Number: UN 1813 Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE LAST PAGE Potassium Hydroxide is an odorless, white or slightly yellow, Hazard Summary flakey or lumpy solid which is often in a water solution. It is Hazard Rating NJDOH NFPA used in making soap, as an electrolyte in alkaline batteries and HEALTH - 3 in electroplating, lithography, and paint and varnish removers. FLAMMABILITY - 0 Liquid drain cleaners contain 25 to 36% of Potassium REACTIVITY - 1 Hydroxide. CORROSIVE POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE DOES NOT BURN Reasons for Citation Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; f Potassium Hydroxide is on the Right to Know Hazardous 4=severe Substance List because it is cited by ACGIH, DOT, NIOSH, NFPA and EPA. f Potassium Hydroxide can affect you when inhaled and by f This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance passing through the skin. List. f Potassium Hydroxide is a HIGHLY CORROSIVE CHEMICAL and contact can severely irritate and burn the skin and eyes leading to eye damage. f Contact can irritate the nose and throat. f Inhaling Potassium Hydroxide can irritate the lungs. SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. Higher exposures may cause a build-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), a medical emergency. FIRST AID f Exposure to Potassium Hydroxide can cause headache, Eye Contact dizziness, nausea and vomiting.
  • United States Patent Office Patented Nov

    United States Patent Office Patented Nov

    3,352,642 United States Patent Office Patented Nov. 14, 1967 2 stabilized during storage for long periods of time with 3,352,642 out degradation of its oxidizing properties. STABLZATION OF OZONE Lawrence J. Heidt, Arlington, and Vincent R. Landi, In accordance with these and other objects, the present rookine, Mass., assignors to Massachusetts in invention involves the stabilization of ozone through the stitute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., a corpo use of base, and in particular, sodium hydroxide and ration of Massachusetts other sources of hydroxyl-ion. This is a wholly new and No Drawing. Fied June 29, 1964, Ser. No. 378,990 Surprising approach to the problem of stabilizing ozone. 15 Clains. (Cl. 23-222) In fact, it has heretofore been generally believed that sodium hydroxide would have the opposite effect upon This invention relates to a method for the stabilization O oZone. For example, the Encyclopedia of Chemical Tech of ozone and in particular to a method whereby ozone nology, vol. 9, p. 735, reports that the ozone decomposi can be stored and transported with a much slower rate tion reaction is greatly accelerated by increasing the of decomposition than was heretofore thought possible. hydroxyl-ion concentration. Other references are made Ozone (O3) is an unstable blue gas which is formed in the same volume and article on ozone to the supposedly photochemically in nature in the earth's stratosphere but 5 detrimental effect of sodium hydroxide on the stability which exists only in great dilution with air or oxygen at of ozone. It is also reported in the article that the de ground levels.
  • Aluminium Distearate, Aluminium Hydroxide Acetate, Aluminium Phosphate and Aluminium Tristearate

    Aluminium Distearate, Aluminium Hydroxide Acetate, Aluminium Phosphate and Aluminium Tristearate

    The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit EMEA/MRL/393/98-FINAL April 1998 COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS ALUMINIUM DISTEARATE, ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE ACETATE, ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE AND ALUMINIUM TRISTEARATE SUMMARY REPORT 1. Aluminium is an ubiquitous element in the environment. It is present in varying concentrations in living organisms and in foods. Aluminium compounds are widely used in veterinary and human medicine. Other uses are as an analytical reagent, food additives (e.g. sodium aluminium phosphate as anticaking agent) and in cosmetic preparations (aluminium chloride). Aluminium distearate is used for thickening lubricating oils. Aluminium hydroxide acetate and phosphate are antacids with common indications in veterinary medicine: gastric hyperacidity, peptic ulcer, gastritis and reflux esophagitis. A major use of antacids in veterinary medicine is in treatment and prevention of ruminal acidosis from grain overload, adsorbent and antidiarrheal. The dosage of aluminium hydroxide is 30 g/animal in cattle and 2 g/animal in calves and foals. Gel preparations contain approximately 4% aluminium hydroxide. Aluminium potassium sulphate is used topically as a antiseptic, astringent (i.e. washes, powders, and ‘leg tighteners’ for horses (30 to 60 g/animal) and antimycotic (1% solution for dipping or spraying sheeps with dermatophilus mycotic dermatitis). In cattle it is occasionally used for stomatitis and vaginal and intrauterine therapy at doses of 30 to 500 g/animal. In human medicine, aluminium hydroxide-based preparations have a widespread use in gastroenterology as antacids (doses of about 1 g/person orally) and as phosphate binders (doses of about 0.8 g/person orally) in patients an impairment of renal function.
  • N-BUTYL ALCOHOL

    N-BUTYL ALCOHOL

    Right to Know Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet Common Name: n-BUTYL ALCOHOL Synonyms: Propyl Carbinol; n-Butanol CAS Number: 71-36-3 Chemical Name: 1-Butanol RTK Substance Number: 1330 Date: November 1998 Revision: January 2008 DOT Number: UN 1120 Description and Use EMERGENCY RESPONDERS >>>> SEE BACK PAGE n-Butyl Alcohol is a colorless liquid with a strong, sweet Hazard Summary alcohol odor. It is used as a solvent for fats, waxes, shellacs, Hazard Rating NJDOH NFPA resins, gums, and varnish, in making hydraulic fluids, and in HEALTH - 2 medications for animals. FLAMMABILITY - 3 REACTIVITY - 0 f ODOR THRESHOLD = 1 to 15 ppm FLAMMABLE f Odor thresholds vary greatly. Do not rely on odor alone to POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE determine potentially hazardous exposures. CONTAINERS MAY EXPLODE IN FIRE Hazard Rating Key: 0=minimal; 1=slight; 2=moderate; 3=serious; Reasons for Citation 4=severe f n-Butyl Alcohol is on the Right to Know Hazardous f n-Butyl Alcohol can affect you when inhaled and by Substance List because it is cited by OSHA, ACGIH, DOT, passing through the skin. NIOSH, DEP, IRIS, NFPA and EPA. f Contact can irritate and burn the skin. f This chemical is on the Special Health Hazard Substance f n-Butyl Alcohol can irritate and burn the eyes with possible List. eye damage. f Inhaling n-Butyl Alcohol can irritate the nose, throat and lungs. f Exposure to n-Butyl Alcohol can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. SEE GLOSSARY ON PAGE 5. f n-Butyl Alcohol can damage the liver, kidneys, hearing, and sense of balance.