RaptorsConservation ISSN 1814–0076 ПЕРНАТЫЕХИЩНИКИИИХОХРАНА 2009№16

Ðàáî÷èé áþëëåòåíü î ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêàõ Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè The Newsletter of the raptors of the East Europe and North Asia

Áþëëåòåíü «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà» The Raptors Conservation Newsletter has been ó÷ðåæäåí ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîé founded by the non-governmental organisations îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêî- Siberian Environmental Center (Novosibirsk) and ëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» (Íîâîñèáèðñê) è íàó÷íî-èñ- Center of Field Studies (Nizhniy Novgorod). ñëåäîâàòåëüñêîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé» (Í. Íîâãîðîä).

Ðåäàêòîðû íîìåðà: Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî (Ñèá- Editors: Elvira Nikolenko (Siberian Environmental ýêîöåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê) è Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí (Öåíòð Center, Novosibirsk) and Igor Karyakin (Center of ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Í. Íîâãîðîä) Field Studies, N. Novgorod)

Ôîòîãðàôèÿ íà ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå îáëîæêè: Photo on the front cover: Female of the Peregrine Ñàìêà ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) áëèç ãíåçäà, Falcon (Falco peregrinus) near the nest, Katun ð. Êàòóíü, Àëòàéñêèé êðàé, Ðîññèÿ, 25 èþíÿ river, Altai Kray, Russia, 25 June 2009. Photo by 2009 ã. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. I. Karyakin.

 èëëþñòðàöèè çàäíåé ñòîðîíû îáëîæêè èñïîëü- Photos on the back cover by I. Karyakin, A. Le- çîâàíû ôîòîãðàôèè È. Êàðÿêèíà, À. Ëåâàøêèíà, vashkin, E. Nikolenko. Ý. Íèêîëåíêî.

Äèçàéí: Ä. Ñåíîòðóñîâ, À. Êëåù¸â Design by D. Senotrusov, A. Kleschev Âåðñòêà: Ä. Êàòóíîâ Page-proofs by D. Katunov Êîððåêòóðà: À. Êàþìîâ Proof-reader by A. Kajumov Ïåðåâîä: A. Øåñòàêîâà, Ä. Òåðïèëîâñêàÿ Translation by A. Shestakova, D. Terpilovskaya

Öâåòíàÿ ïå÷àòü ðèñóíêîâ Âàäèìà Ãîðáàòîâà ê ñòàòüå Ðàëüôà Ïôåôôåðà «Ê âîïðîñó î ãåîãðàôè- ÷åñêîé èçìåí÷èâîñòè áàëîáàíîâ» ñòàëà âîçìîæíîé áëàãîäàðÿ ôèíàíñîâîé ïîääåðæêå Öåíòðà ñîäåéñòâèÿ «Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîé ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè».

The color print of Vadim Gorbatov’s figures in the paper of Ralf Pfeffer “About geographical variances of the Saker Falcon” has been granted by the Volga-Ural ECONET Assistance Centre.

Ðåäàêöèîííàÿ êîëëåãèÿ: Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè: Ñ.Â. Áàêêà, ê.á.í., ÑÎÏÐ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] 630090 Ðîññèÿ, Ò.Î. Áàðàáàøèí, ê.á.í., ÐÃÏÓ, Ðîñòîâ-íà-Äîíó, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 Ñ.À. Áóêðååâ, ñ.í.ñ., ê.á.í., ÈÏÝÝ ÐÀÍ, Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Â.Ì. Ãàëóøèí, àêàä. ÐÀÅÍ, ïðîô., ä.á.í., ÌÏÃÓ, Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ; Editorial adress: [email protected] P.O. Box 547, Novosibirsk, Í.Þ. Êèñåëåâà, äîö., ê.ïåä.í., ÍÃÏÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Ð.Ä. Ëàïøèí, äîö., ê.á.í., ÍÃÏÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Russia, 630090 À.Ñ. Ëåâèí, äîö., ê.á.í., Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèè ÌÎèÍ, Àëìàòû, Êàçàõñòàí; [email protected] Tel./Fax: +7 (383) 363 00 59 Î.Â. Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé, ïðîô., ä.á.í., Íàöèîíàëüíûé óíèâåðñèòåò, Òàøêåíò, Óçáåêèñòàí; [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] À.Ñ. Ïàæåíêîâ, ê.á.í., ÖÑ «ÂÓÝÑ», Ñàìàðà, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] [email protected] Ì.Â. Ïåñòîâ, ê.á.í., Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò», Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] [email protected] Å.Ð. Ïîòàïîâ, Ph.D., Áðèí Àôèíñêèé Êîëëåäæ, Ïåíñèëüâàíèÿ, ÑØÀ; http://www.sibecocenter.ru/raptors.htm [email protected] Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí, ïðîô., ä.á.í., ÈÑèÝË ÑÎ ÐÀÍ, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ; Ýëåêòðîííàÿ âåðñèÿ/RC online [email protected] http://www.sibecocenter.ru/RC.htm È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé, Ñèáýêîöåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] À.À. Øåñòàêîâà, ê.á.í., ÍÍÃÓ, Í. Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ; [email protected] Ïðàâèëà äëÿ àâòîðîâ äîñòóïíû íà ñàéòå: T. Katzner, Ph.D., Conservation and Field Research National Aviary, USA; http://www.sibecocenter.ru/guidelines_rus.htm [email protected] Guidelines for Contributors available on website: M.J. McGrady, Ph.D., Natural Research, UK; [email protected] http://www.sibecocenter.ru/guidelines_en.htm Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 3

Events СОБЫТИЯ

(1) Êîíòàêò VII Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïî VII International conference on the Lesser Âëàäèìèð Ì. Ãàëóøèí ñòåïíîé ïóñòåëüãå (Falco naumanni) ñî- Kestrel (Falco naumanni) was held in Al- Ðîññèÿ, Ìîñêâà, ÌÏÃÓ [email protected] ñòîÿëàñü 20–23 íîÿáðÿ 2008 ã. â ã. Àëü- mendralejo (Extremadura province, Spain) ìåíäðàëåõî (ïðîâèíöèÿ Ýñòðåìàäóðà, on 20–23 November 2008. Èñïàíèÿ). The purpose of conference was the esti- (1) Contact Öåëüþ êîíôåðåíöèè ÿâëÿëàñü îöåíêà mation of a modern condition of the Lesser Vladimir M. Galushin MPGU, Moscow, Russia ñîâðåìåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ïîïóëÿöèé ñòåï- Kestrel populations in different parts of the [email protected] íîé ïóñòåëüãè â ðàçíûõ ÷àñòÿõ ãíåçäîâîãî range and also new methods of studying è çèìîâî÷íîãî àðåàëà, à òàêæå íîâûõ ìå- and protection of the species. Nearby 120 òîäîâ èçó÷åíèÿ è îõðàíû âèäà.  ðàáîòå persons from 8 countries (Spain, Portugal, êîíôåðåíöèè ó÷àñòâîâàëî France, Italy, Greece, Russia, Morocco, the îêîëî 120 ÷åëîâåê èç 8 ñòðàí Republic of South Africa) participated in the (Èñïàíèÿ, Ïîðòóãàëèÿ, Ôðàí- conference. The East Europe and Northern öèÿ, Èòàëèÿ, Ãðåöèÿ, Ðîññèÿ, Asia have been presented by chairman of Ìàðîêêî, ÞÀÐ). Âîñòî÷íàÿ Working group on birds of prey of Northern Åâðîïà è Ñåâåðíàÿ Àçèÿ áûëè Eurasia V.M. Galushin. The program of con- ïðåäñòàâëåíû ïðåäñåäàòåëåì ference included about 50 reports and post- Ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû ïî õèùíûì ers, unfortunately not all of reports were ïòèöàì Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè sounded. Â.Ì. Ãàëóøèíûì. Ïðîãðàììà In the report of V. Galushin, A. Bragin êîíôåðåíöèè âêëþ÷àëà îêî- and M. Ilyuh “The modern condition, ëî 50 äîêëàäîâ è ñîîáùåíèé, trends and protection of the Lesser Kestrel íî íå âñå äîêëàä÷èêè ïðèáû- in Russia and Kazakhstan” rather stability Ñòåïíàÿ ïóñòåëüãà ëè â Àëüìåíäðàëåõî. of number of the species in the eastern (Falco naumanni).  äîêëàäå Â. Ãàëóøèíà, À. Áðàãèíà è part of a range was noted, large breeding Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Ì. Èëüþõà «Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå, ïî- group in the Central Kazakhstan estimated Lesser Kestrel ïóëÿöèîííûå òðåíäû è îõðàíà ñòåïíîé ïó- in several thousands individuals; inhabiting (Falco naumanni). ñòåëüãè â Ðîññèè è Êàçàõñòàíå» îòìå÷åíà mainly abandoned destroyed settlements, Photo by I. Karyakin. îòíîñèòåëüíàÿ ñòàáèëüíîñòü ÷èñëåííîñòè and successful examples of adaptation to a âèäà â âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè àðåàëà, íàëè÷èå life in settlements of East Ciscaucasia were ìíîãîòûñÿ÷íîé ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè noted. â Öåíòðàëüíîì Êàçàõñòàíå – ïðåèìóùå- Two reports were devoted to winter- ñòâåííî â çàáðîøåííûõ ðàçðóøàþùèõñÿ ing Lesser Kestrels in the south of Africa ïîñ¸ëêàõ, è óñïåøíûå ïðèìåðû àäàïòàöèè (David Pepler) and in Morocco (Hamid ê æèçíè â íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòàõ Âîñòî÷íîãî Rguibi). The Spanish colleagues informed, Ïðåäêàâêàçüÿ. that owing to effective protection and Äâà äîêëàäà áûëè ïîñâÿùåíû çèìóþ- wide application of various models of ar- ùèì ñòåïíûì ïóñòåëüãàì – íà þãå Àôðèêè tificial nests the Lesser Kestrel number in (David Pepler) è â Ìàðîêêî (Hamid Rguibi). Spain starts to be recovered after crash of Èñïàíñêèå êîëëåãè ñîîáùèëè, ÷òî áëàãî- äàðÿ äåéñòâåííîé îõðàíå è øèðîêîìó ïðèìåíåíèþ ðàçíîîáðàçíûõ ìîäåëåé èñ- êóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåï- íîé ïóñòåëüãè â Èñïàíèè íà÷èíàåò âîññòà- íàâëèâàòüñÿ ïîñëå êðàõà å¸ ïîïóëÿöèé â 1980–90-å ãîäû. Òàêæå ó÷àñòíèêîâ êîíôå- ðåíöèè ïîçíàêîìèëè ñ öåíòðàëèçîâàííîé ñèñòåìîé òåëåâèçèîííîãî on-line íàáëþ- äåíèÿ çà êîëîíèÿìè è îòäåëüíûìè ãíåçäî- âüÿìè ñòåïíîé ïóñòåëüãè â ãîðîäå1. Êîíòàêò (1). Ñòåïíàÿ ïóñòåëüãà. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. 1 http://www.demaprimilla.org Lesser Kestrel. Photo by I. Karyakin. 4 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

(2) Êîíòàêò 4–5 äåêàáðÿ 2008 ã. â Ìóçåå Çåìëåâåäå- its populations in 1980–90. Also the TV Àëåêñàíäð Ã. Ñîðîêèí íèÿ ÌÃÓ (ã. Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ) ñîñòîÿëñÿ on-line system for watching of colonies ÔÃÓ «ÂÍÈÈïðèðîäû» Ðîññèÿ 113628 Ìîñêâà íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêèé ñåìèíàð «Ïðî- and some nests of the Lesser Kestrel in Çíàìåíñêîå-Ñàäêè áëåìà íåçàêîííîãî îáîðîòà ñîêîëî- city was presented to participants of con- òåë./ôàêñ: îáðàçíûõ è ïóòè å¸ ðåøåíèÿ». Ñåìè- ference1. +7 (495) 423 82 22 íàð ïðîâîäèëñÿ ÔÃÓ «ÂÍÈÈ Ïðèðîäû» Contact (1). [email protected] ïî çàêàçó Ôåäåðàëüíîé ñëóæáû ïî íàä- çîðó â ñôåðå ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ. The workshop “The Problem of Illegal (2) Contact Êðèìèíàëüíûé áèçíåñ, ñâÿçàííûé ñ íå- Trade in Falcons and Paths of its Decision” Alexander G. Sorokin çàêîííûì îòëîâîì è êîíòðàáàíäîé ðåä- took place in the Earth Science Museum FGO “All-Russian Research Institute for êèõ âèäîâ ñîêîëîâ, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ of the Moscow State University (Mos- Nature Protection ðåàëüíî óãðîæàåò ñîõðàíåíèþ ïîïóëÿöèé cow, Russia) on 4–5 December, 2008. The Znamenskoe-Sadki, ýòèõ âèäîâ, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó workshop was held by FGO All-Russian Moscow 113628 Russia Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, Êðàñíûé ñïèñîê Research Institute for Nature Protection tel./fax: +7 (495) 423 82 22 Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîþçà îõðàíû ïðèðîäû, (RRINP) under the order of Federal Serv- [email protected] à òàêæå â ïðèëîæåíèÿ ðÿäà ìåæäóíàðîä- ice of Supervision in Nature Management íûõ êîíâåíöèé è ñîãëàøåíèé. Äëÿ ðåøå- (FSSNM). íèÿ ïðîáëåìû íåîáõîäèìî ñîâåðøåíñòâî- Now the criminal business connected âàíèå çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà, ñóùåñòâåííîå with illegal catching and smuggling of rare óëó÷øåíèå âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ïðîôèëüíûõ falcon species really threatens surviving of îðãàíèçàöèé è âåäîìñòâ, ðàçðàáîòêà è populations of these species listed in the âíåäðåíèå íîâûõ ôîðì îõðàíû è óñòîé- Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, ÷èâîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö. the Red List of IUCN, and also in appendi- Ñ öåëüþ âûðàáîòêè îïðåäåë¸ííîé ïðî- ces of some the international conventions ãðàììû ïî ðåøåíèþ âûøå îçâó÷åííîé ïðî- and agreements. For the decision of the áëåìû è áûë îðãàíèçîâàí ñåìèíàð. Íà í¸ì problem it is necessary to improve the âûñòóïèëè Â.Â. Áîãîñëîâñêèé (íà÷àëüíèê legislation, interaction of the specialized óïðàâëåíèÿ ìîðñêîãî êîíòðîëÿ, ðàçðåøè- organizations and departments, develop òåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè è ÎÎÏÒ Ðîñïðèðîä- and apply new forms of protection and íàäçîðà) ñ äîêëàäîì «Ñîõðàíåíèå ðåäêèõ sustainable use of birds of prey. âèäîâ äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ êàê çàäà÷à Ðîñïðè- The workshop was organized for the de- ðîäíàäçîðà», ïðîô. Â.Ì. Ãàëóøèí (ïðå- veloping of the certain program under the çèäåíò Ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû ïî õèùíûì ïòèöàì decision the problem. Following reports Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè) ñ äîêëàäîì «Ïðîáëåìû were sounded: V.V. Bogoslovskiy (FSSNM) îõðàíû õèùíûõ ïòèö», À.Ã. Ñîðîêèí (çàâå- with the report “Conservation of rare spe- äóþùèé îòäåëåíèåì áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ÔÃÓ cies of wild animals as a task of FSSNM”, «ÂÍÈÈ Ïðèðîäû», çàìåñòèòåëü ðóêîâîäè- prof. V.M. Galushin (the president of Work- òåëÿ íàó÷íîãî îðãàíà ÑÈÒÅÑ) ñ äîêëàäàìè ing Group on Birds of Prey of Northern «Íåçàêîííûé îáîðîò ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ â Eurasia) “Problems of protection of birds Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè: ïðè÷èíû, òåíäåí- of prey”, A.G. Sorokin (RRINP) “Illegal öèè, ïðîáëåìû» è «Íàó÷íî-ìåòîäè÷åñêîå trade in falcons in the Russian Federation: îáåñïå÷åíèå êîíòðîëÿ è íàäçîðà çà îáîðî- the reasons, tendencies, problems” and òîì ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ», À.Ë. Âàéñìàí (ãëàâ- “Scientifically-methodical maintenance of íûé êîîðäèíàòîð ïðîåêòîâ TRAFFIC-Åâðîïà the control and supervision of the trade in â Ðîññèè) ñ äîêëàäîì «Ìåæäóíàðîäíûå falcons”, A.L. Vaysman (TRAFFIC-Europe in àñïåêòû íåçàêîííîãî îáîðîòà ñîêîëîîáðàç- Russia) “International aspects of illegal trade íûõ», Ò.Þ. Áåëÿêîâà (Ïàðê ïòèö «Âîðîáüè») of falcons”, T.Yu. Belyakova (Park of birds “Vorob’I”) “Problems of the legislation de- Áàëîáàí (Falco cher- veloping in sphere of protection and regula- rug). Ôîòî Î. Áåëÿëîâà. tion of use of falcons”, A.I. Borodin (RRINP) Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). “The Role of nurseries for birds of prey in Photo by O. Belyalov. struggle with illegal trade of falcons and recovering of their populations”, prof. V.A. Ostapenko, (The Moscow Zoo) “The Role of zoos in conservation of rare species of birds of prey”, V.V. Romanov (RBÑU, direc- tor of Hospital for birds “Zeleny popugay”) “Centers of rescue of birds of prey: modern condition and outlook”, Ê.I. Sokolov (“Fund Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 5

ñ äîêëàäîì «Ïðîáëåìû ñîâåðøåíñòâîâàíèÿ çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà â ñôåðå îõðàíû è ðåãóëè- ðîâàíèÿ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ», À.È. Áîðîäèí (ñ.í.ñ. ÔÃÓ «ÂÍÈÈ Ïðèðîäû») ñ äîêëàäîì «Ðîëü ïèòîìíèêîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö â ïðîòèâîäåéñòâèè íåçàêîííîìó îáîðîòó ñîêîëîâ è âîññòàíîâëåíèè èõ ïîïóëÿöèé», ïðîô. Â.À. Îñòàïåíêî (â.í.ñ. Ìîñêîâñêîãî çîîïàðêà) ñ äîêëàäîì «Ðîëü çîîïàðêîâ â ñîõðàíåíèè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö», Â.Â. Ðîìàíîâ (âèöå-ïðåçèäåíò Ñîþçà îõðà- íû ïòèö Ðîññèè, äèðåêòîð Ãîñïèòàëÿ ïòèö «Çåëåíûé ïîïóãàé») ñ äîêëàäîì «Öåíòðû ñïà- ñåíèÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö: ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå è ïåðñïåêòèâû», Ê.È. Ñîêîëîâ (ïðåçèäåíò «Ôîíäà Ñîêîëèíîé Îõîòû») ñ äîêëàäîì «Ñî- âðåìåííàÿ ñîêîëèíàÿ îõîòà êàê èíñòðóìåíò Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus). Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî. ñîõðàíåíèÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö», Ä.Ý. Ðîäèîíîâ Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). (ïðåçèäåíò Àññîöèàöèè îõîòíèêîâ ñ ëîâ÷è- Photo by E. Nikolenko. ìè ïòèöàìè) ñ äîêëàäîì «Ïðîáëåìû ëåãèòè- ìèçàöèè ëîâ÷èõ ïòèö â ñîêîëèíîé îõîòå», of Falconry”) “Modern falconry as a tool of À.Ã. Àõóíäîâ (ñîâåòíèê Ìèíèñòðà Ïðàâè- conservation of birds of prey”, D.E. Rodi- òåëüñòâà Ìîñêâû) ñ äîêëàäîì «Çàäà÷è Äå- onov (Association of Falconers) “Problems ïàðòàìåíòà ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ è îõðàíû of the legalizing of birds for falconry”, À.G. îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà Ìîñêâû Ahundov (the Moscow Government) “Tasks ïî ïðîòèâîäåéñòâèþ íåçàêîííîìó îáîðîòó of Department of nature management and ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ», Ò.Þ. Ñêðèïíèê (è.î. íà- environment conservation of the Moscow ÷àëüíèêà îòäåëà ðàçðåøèòåëüíîé äåÿòåëü- Government in counteraction to illegal trade íîñòè Ðîñïðèðîäíàäçîðà) ñ äîêëàäîì «Î of falcons”, T.Yu. Skripnik (FSSNM) “About êîîðäèíàöèè äåéñòâèé ïî ïðåäîòâðàùåíèþ coordination of actions for prevention of il- íåçàêîííîãî îáîðîòà õèùíûõ ïòèö», Èãîðü legal trade of birds of prey”, Igor Beljatsky Áåëÿöêèé (ïðåññ-ñåêðåòàðü Ìåæäóíàðîäíî- (IFAW), representatives of falcon nurseries ãî ôîíäà çàùèòû æèâîòíûõ IFAW), ïðåäñòà- – Peter Dudin (“Galichya Gora”), Konstantin âèòåëè ñîêîëèíûõ ïèòîìíèêîâ – ϸòð Äóäèí Pyatkov (“Altai-Falcon”) and Michael Krohin (ðóêîâîäèòåëü ñîêîëèíîãî ïèòîìíèêà «Ãàëè- (“Pavlovskaya sloboda”), and also repre- ÷üÿ ãîðà»), Êîíñòàíòèí Ïÿòêîâ (ðóêîâîäèòåëü sentatives Federal Custom Service, Federal ñîêîëèíîãî ïèòîìíèêà «Àëòàé-Ôàëüêîí») è Intelligent Service, the Ministry of Internal Ìèõàèë Êðîõèí (âëàäåëåö ïèòîìíèêà «Ïàâ- Affairs and the Ministry of Agriculture of ëîâñêàÿ ñëîáîäà»), à òàêæå ïðåäñòàâèòåëè Russia. ÔÒÑ, ÔÑÁ, ÌÂÄ è Ìèíñåëüõîçà Ðîññèè. During active discussions representa-  õîäå àêòèâíûõ îáñóæäåíèé ïðåäñòàâèòå- tives of the various organizations defended ëè ðàçëè÷íûõ îðãàíèçàöèé îòñòàèâàëè ðàç- the different points of view on the deci- íûå òî÷êè çðåíèÿ íà ðåøåíèå ïðîáëåìû.  sion of the problem. In particular it was of- ÷àñòíîñòè, âûñêàçûâàëèñü ïðåäëîæåíèÿ ïî fered to support nurseries which may sat- ïîääåðæêå ïèòîìíèêîâ, êîòîðûå ñïîñîáíû isfied the demand and thus decreased the íàñûòèòü ðûíîê, òåì ñàìûì îñëàáèâ ïðåññ hard impact on wild populations of falcons íà äèêèå ïîïóëÿöèè ñîêîëîâ, è âíåñòè âêëàä and help to recover of falcon number; to â ðåèíòðîäóêöèþ, ïðåäëàãàëîñü óâåëè÷èòü increase the number of the rehabilitation êîëè÷åñòâî ðåàáèëèòàöèîííûõ öåíòðîâ, êî- centers which may reduce the number of òîðûå óìåíüøàò îòõîä èçúÿòûõ ïòèö, îïòè- deaths of confiscated birds; to optimize ìèçèðîâàòü çàêîíû ïîä çàäà÷ó îõðàíû ñîêî- laws for the task of protection of falcons ëîâ è óâåëè÷èòü êîëè÷åñòâî ñïåöèàëèñòîâ â and to increase the number of experts in ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ îðãàíàõ, specialized state bodies, to intensify the óñèëèòü ìîíèòîðèíã çà äèêèìè ïîïóëÿöèÿìè monitoring of wild populations and to as- è ïîìîãàòü èõ ðåïðîäóêöèè è ò.ï.  èòîãå sist their reproduction, etc. As a result the áûë ñôîðìèðîâàí ïàêåò ïðåäëîæåíèé, êî- package of proposals which will probably òîðûå, âîçìîæíî, ïîçâîëÿò ïðèáëèçèòüñÿ ê allow to solve the problem has been gen- ðåøåíèþ ïðîáëåìû. erated. Êîíòàêò (2). Contact (2). 6 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

(3) Êîíòàêò Âîëæñêèé ðàéîííûé ñóä ã. Ñàðàòîâà On January, 22nd, 2009 the Volzhskiy Àíäðåé Â. Ñàëòûêîâ (Ðîññèÿ) 22 ÿíâàðÿ 2009 ã. âûíåñ ðå- municipal court of Saratov (Russia) has Ñèìáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïòèö øåíèå îáÿçàòü ÎÀÎ «Ìåæðåãèîíàëü- passed the decision to oblige the open Ðîññèè íàÿ ðàñïðåäåëèòåëüíàÿ ñåòåâàÿ êîì- joint-stock company “Inter-Regional Dis- Óëüÿíîâñê, Ðîññèÿ ïàíèÿ Âîëãè» â ñðîê íå ïîçäíåå êîíöà tributive Network Company of Volga” [email protected] ïåðâîãî êâàðòàëà 2010 ã. îáîðóäîâàòü (“IRDNC of Volga”) to equip power lines ëèíèè ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è (ËÝÏ) 10 ê with 10 kV Samaykino – Nursery garden (3) Contact íà ó÷àñòêå Ñàìàéêèíî – Ïëîäîâûé ïè- of the Novospasskiy region of the Uly- Andrey V. Saltykov òîìíèê Íîâîñïàññêîãî ðàéîíà Óëüÿ- anovsk district with bird protective de- Russian Bird Conserva- íîâñêîé îáëàñòè ïòèöåçàùèòíûìè vices in time not later than the end of first tion Union, Simbirskoe Branch óñòðîéñòâàìè (ÏÇÓ). quarter of 2010. Ulyanovsk, Russia Ðàéîííûé ñóä â ñîñòàâå ïðåäñåäàòåëü- The municipal court has considered in [email protected] ñòâóþùåãî ñóäüè Àãàðêîâîé Ñ.Í., ñ ó÷àñòè- the open judicial session a civil case under åì ïðîêóðîðà Áåñàðàáà Â.À., ïðè ñåêðåòà- the claim of the Ulyanovsk interdistrict na- ðå Ñàèòîâîé Þ.À., ðàññìîòðåë â îòêðûòîì ture protection public prosecutor to protect ñóäåáíîì çàñåäàíèè ãðàæäàíñêîå äåëî ïî interests of the Russian Federation to the èñêó Óëüÿíîâñêîãî ìåæðàéîííîãî ïðèðî- open joint-stock company “IRDNC of Volga” äîîõðàííîãî ïðîêóðîðà, â çàùèòó èíòåðå- about putting on of a duty on equipment of ñîâ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, ê îòêðûòîìó power lines with bird protective devices. àêöèîíåðíîìó îáùåñòâó «ÌÐÑÊ Âîëãè» î In judicial session it is undoubtedly estab- âîçëîæåíèè îáÿçàííîñòè ïî îáîðóäîâà- lished, that the defendant using the power íèþ ËÝÏ ÏÇÓ. line Samaykino – Nursery garden of the Nov-  ñóäåáíîì çàñåäàíèè áåññïîðíî óñòà- ospasskiy region of the Ulyanovsk district vi- íîâëåíî, ÷òî îòâåò÷èê îñóùåñòâëÿåò ýêñ- olated the Federal Act “On wildlife” and the ïëóàòàöèþ ËÝÏ íà ó÷àñòêå Ñàìàéêèíî Decision of the Government of the Russian – Ïëîäîâûé ïèòîìíèê Íîâîñïàññêîãî ðàé- Federation ¹997 of 13.08.1996 “On au- îíà Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè â íàðóøåíèå Çà- thorization of requirements on prevention êîíà «Î æèâîòíîì ìèðå» è Ïîñòàíîâëåíèÿ of deaths of objects of wildlife at using of Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ îò 13.08.1996 ã. ¹997 transport highways, pipelines, communica- «Îá óòâåðæäåíèè òðåáîâàíèé ïî ïðåäîò- tion and electric power lines”. The assist- âðàùåíèþ ãèáåëè îáúåêòîâ æèâîòíîãî ant of the chief engineer of the company ìèðà ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè òðàíñïîðòíûõ ìà- ãèñòðàëåé, òðóáîïðîâîäîâ, ëèíèé ñâÿçè è ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è». Äàííûå íàðóøåíèÿ ïîäòâåðæäàþòñÿ îáúÿñíåíèåì çàìåñòèòå- ëÿ ãëàâíîãî èíæåíåðà ïî ðåìîíòó è ýêñ- ïëóàòàöèè ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ Í.È. Êîëåñíèêî- âà îò 03.12.08 ã., êîòîðûé ïîäòâåðæäàåò îòñóòñòâèå ÏÇÓ íà ËÝÏ. Îòñóòñòâèå ÏÇÓ ïðèâîäèò ê ìàññîâîé ãèáåëè ïòèö. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, âñëåäñòâèå ãèáåëè ïòèö íàðóøà- þòñÿ èíòåðåñû Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, ïîñêîëüêó æèâîòíûé ìèð â ïðåäåëàõ òåð- ðèòîðèè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ñîáñòâåííîñòüþ. Ïðè óñòàíîâëåííûõ îáñòîÿòåëüñòâàõ ñóä íàø¸ë òðåáîâàíèÿ èñòöà ïîäëåæàùèìè óäîâëåòâîðåíèþ. Êîíòàêò (3).

Ðàáî÷àÿ âñòðå÷à ýêñïåðòîâ ïî òåìå «Çàùèòà ïòèö è ËÝÏ â Àçåðáàéäæàíå» ñîñòîÿëàñü 8–10 ôåâðàëÿ 2009 ã. íà áàçå ÀçÍÈÈ Ýíåðãåòèêè ïî èíèöèàòèâå Àçåðáàéäæàíñêîãî Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêî- ãî Îáùåñòâà è Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïðèðîäû Ïàðà âîðîíîâ (Corvus corax), ïîãèáøàÿ íà ËÝÏ. Ãåðìàíèè (NABU). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Ýòî ïåðâîå ñîâåùàíèå òàêîãî óðîâíÿ, íà Electrocuted Ravens (Corvus corax). êîòîðîì áûëè çàòðîíóòû ðàçíîîáðàçíûå Photo by I. Karyakin. Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 7

(4) Êîíòàêò âîïðîñû íåïðîñòûõ âçàèìîîòíîøåíèé N.I. Kolesnikov proved the infringements and Àëåêñàíäð Ìàöûíà ïòèö è ýëåêòðîîáîðóäîâàíèÿ. Âûñîêèé confirmed absence of BPD on PL. Absence of Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ ëàáîðàòîðèÿ ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûé óðîâåíü àóäèòîðèè BPD caused numerous deaths of birds. Thus, Ýêîöåíòðà «Äðîíò» (âåäóùèå ñïåöèàëèñòû ÀçÍÈÈ) è áîëüøîé the interests of the Russian Federation was 603000 Ðîññèÿ èíòåðåñ, ïðîÿâëåííûé ê äîêëàäàì, ïîä- broken because wildlife of territory of the Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä òâåðäèëè äâóñòîðîííþþ çàèíòåðåñîâàí- Russian Federation is a state ownership. à/ÿ 631 Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò» íîñòü â ðåøåíèè ýòèõ âîïðîñîâ ñî ñòî- Under the established circumstances, the òåë.: +7 (831) 430 28 81 ðîíû ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé è court has met a claim of the demandant. [email protected] ýíåðãåòèêîâ. Contact (3). Ïðåäñåäàòåëü Àçåðáàéäæàíñêîãî îð- (4) Contact Alexander Matsyna íèòîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáùåñòâà Ý. Ñóëòàíîâ The working meeting of experts “Protec- Laboratory of ïðåäñòàâèë èíôîðìàöèþ î ðåçóëüòàòàõ tion of birds and power lines in Azerbai- Ornithology of Ecologi- èññëåäîâàíèé, âûïîëíåííûõ â Àçåðáàéä- jan” took place on 8–10 February, 2009 cal Center «Dront» æàíå è íàìåòèë îñíîâíûå, íàèáîëåå êîí- in the Azerbaijan Scientific Institute of P.O. Box 631 Nizhniy Novgorod ôëèêòíûå íàïðàâëåíèÿ êîíòàêòîâ ïòèö Power Engineering under the initiative of 603000 Russia ñ ëèíèÿìè ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è (ËÝÏ). Îñî- the Azerbaijan Ornithological Society and tel.: +7 (831) 430 28 81 áîå âíèìàíèå â åãî äîêëàäå áûëî óäåëå- NABU. [email protected] íî íàðàñòàþùåé òåíäåíöèè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ It was the first meeting of such level where êðóïíûõ ïòèö, ïðåæäå âñåãî áåëîãî àèñòà which various questions of uneasy mutual (Ciconia ciconia), íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ. interactions birds with electric equipment Ýòîé òåìå áûë ïîñâÿù¸í è ñïåöèàëüíûé had been mentioned. The high profession- äîêëàä ýêñïåðòà Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïðèðîäû al level of participants and the big interest Ãåðìàíèè Ì. Ôàíãðàòà. Ãíåçäîâàíèå àèñòîâ shown to reports, have confirmed bilateral íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò îïàñíîñòü interest of the nature protection organiza- êàê äëÿ ñàìèõ ïòèö (ãèáåëü è ïîâðåæäå- tions and power engineers to solve these íèÿ ïðè êîíòàêòå), òàê è äëÿ ýëåêòðîîáî- problems. ðóäîâàíèÿ (ñîçäàíèå ïîìåõ è çàìûêàíèé). Chairman of the Azerbaijan ornithological Ïîýòîìó îáñóæäàëîñü êîìïëåêñíîå ðåøå- society E. Sultanov presented the informa- íèå – äîïîëíèòåëüíàÿ ìàðêèðîâêà è çà- tion on results of the research carried out ùèòà ýëåêòðîîáîðóäîâàíèÿ, îïòèìèçàöèÿ in Azerbaijan and sounded the basic, most óñëîâèé îáèòàíèÿ ïòèö, áèîòåõíè÷åñêèå disputed directions of contacts of birds with ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ. PL. Also he noted the increasing tendency of Èíôîðìàöèþ î äðóãîì âàæíîì àñïåêòå nesting of large birds, especially the White – çàùèòå ïòèö ïðè êîíòàêòå ñ ËÝÏ ñðåäíåé Stork (Ciconia ciconia) on electric poles. ìîùíîñòè, ïðåäñòàâèë À. Ìàöûíà, ðóêî- The special report of the expert of NABU âîäèòåëü îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé ëàáîðàòîðèè M. Fangrat was also devoted to this theme. Ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà «Äðîíò» (Ðîññèÿ). Nesting of storks on electric poles is dan-  äîêëàäå áûëî îòìå÷åíî, ÷òî ãèáåëü ïòèö ger as for birds (deaths and damages from îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèì òîêîì íà electrocution) as for electric equipments ëèíèÿõ 6–10 ê èìååò çíà÷èòåëüíûå ìàñ- (creation of handicaps and short circuits). øòàáû è õàðàêòåðíà äëÿ âñåõ ïðèðîäíûõ Therefore the complex decision – additional çîí. Íàðÿäó ñ ñîâðåìåííûìè ðåêîìåí- marks and protection of an electric equip- äàöèÿìè ïî çàùèòå ïòèö (èñïîëüçîâàíèå ment, optimization of breeding habitats ïîëèìåðíûõ ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ of birds, bird protection activities was dis- – ÏÇÓ) ïðåäñòàâëåí êðèòè÷åñêèé îáçîð cussed. ìàëîýôôåêòèâíûõ è îïàñíûõ ðàçðàáîòîê The information on another prominent â ýòîé îáëàñòè. aspect – protection of birds from electro- Ïîäâîäÿ èòîãè âñòðå÷è, Â. Êîâàë¸â (ðó- cution at power lines with middle voltage êîâîäèòåëü äåïàðòàìåíòà ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ was presented by A. Matsyna, the head îòíîøåíèé NABU) îñîáî îòìåòèë, ÷òî âñå of ornithological laboratory of the Ecologi- ó÷àñòíèêè ïîíèìàþò ìíîãîãðàííîñòü è cal center “Dront” (Russia). He was noted âàæíîñòü îáñóæäàåìîé òåìû îäíîâðåìåí- in the report, that bird electrocution on PL íî äëÿ ëþäåé è ïðèðîäû. with 6–10 kV had significant scales and was Îáùèì ðåçóëüòàòîì âñòðå÷è ñòàëî ðåøå- character for all natural zones. Alongside íèå î ñîçäàíèè Ðàáî÷åé ãðóïïû, â çàäà÷è with modern recommendations on protec- êîòîðîé âîéä¸ò ðàçðàáîòêà ïðåäëîæåíèé tion of birds (use polymer bird protective ïî îïòèìèçàöèè âçàèìîîòíîøåíèé ïòèö è devices) the critical review of ineffective ËÝÏ â Àçåðáàéäæàíå. and dangerous techniques in this sphere Êîíòàêò (4). was presented. 8 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

 Ïîäìîñêîâüå (Ðîññèÿ) 21–22 ìàðòà As a result, V. Kovalev (NABU) especial- 2009 ã. ñîñòîÿëàñü êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïðåä- ly noted, that all participants understand ñòàâèòåëåé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ ÍÏÎ «Çåë¸- manysidedness and importance of the dis- íîå äâèæåíèå Ðîññèè è ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå cussed problem simultaneously for people âûçîâû». and the nature. Êîíôåðåíöèÿ áûëà îðãàíèçîâàíà ïî The general result of the meeting became èíèöèàòèâå è ïðè ïîääåðæêå Ôðàêöèè the decision to create the Working group «Çåë¸íàÿ Ðîññèÿ» ÐÎÄÏ «ßÁËÎÊλ, Ôîíäà which should develop offers on optimiza- Ãåíðèõà Áåëëÿ è Ýêîëîãî-ïðàâîçàùèòíîãî tion of interactions of birds and power lines öåíòðà «Áåëëîíà». in Azerbaijan.  êîíôåðåíöèè ïðèíÿëî ó÷àñòèå 157 Contact (4). ëèäåðîâ è àêòèâèñòîâ 67 ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ è ïðàâîçàùèòíûõ íåïðàâèòåëüñòâåííûõ îð- The conference of representatives en- ãàíèçàöèé èç ðàçíûõ ðåãèîíîâ Ðîññèè – vironmental NGO “Green Movement of Äàëüíåãî Âîñòîêà, Ñèáèðè, Óðàëà, Ñåâåðî- Russia and Ecological Calls” took place Çàïàäà, Öåíòðàëüíîãî, Ïðèâîëæñêîãî è in the Moscow region (Russia) on March, Þæíîãî îêðóãîâ (âêëþ÷àÿ ÃÐÈÍÏÈÑ, WWF, 21–22st, 2009. Öåíòð îõðàíû äèêîé ïðèðîäû, Ìåæäóíà- Conference was organized under the initi- ðîäíûé Ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé ñîþç, ative and support of Fraction “Green Russia” Ñîþç «Çà õèìè÷åñêóþ áåçîïàñíîñòü»).  ðà- of the Democratic Party “YABLOKO”, Henry áîòå êîíôåðåíöèè òàêæå ó÷àñòâîâàëè ïðåä- Bell’s Fund and the Environmental-remedial ñòàâèòåëè íåïðàâèòåëüñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé center “Bellona”. Áåëàðóñè, Êèðãèçèè, Òóðêìåíèñòàíà. 157 leaders and active members of 67 Íà êîíôåðåíöèè áûëè îáñóæäåíû ðîëü environmental and remedial the non- è âîçìîæíîñòè ÍÏÎ â ðåøåíèè ïðîáëåì governmental organizations (NGO) from êëèìàòà è ýíåðãåòèêè, áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ different regions of Russia – the Far East, Si- è îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòî- beria, Urals Mountains, Northwest, Central, ðèé, ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ, ñîõðà- Privolzhskiy and Southern federal districts íåíèÿ æèçíåñïîñîáíîñòè ãîðîäñêîé ñðåäû, (including the GREENPEACE, WWF, the çàùèòû ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðàâ ãðàæäàí, âçàè- Center of protection of the wild nature, the ìîîòíîøåíèÿ ÍÏÎ ñ áèçíåñîì è âëàñòüþ, International Social-Ecological Union, the ïðîáëåìû áèî- è õèìè÷åñêîé áåçîïàñíî- Union “For Chemical Safety”) have partici- ñòè, ñîõðàíåíèÿ ëåñîâ è ñòåïåé, æåñòîêîãî pated in the conference. Representatives of îáðàùåíèÿ ñ æèâîòíûìè è äðóãèå. NGOs of Belarus, Kirghizia, Turkmenistan Ó÷àñòíèêè êîíôåðåíöèè îòìåòèëè îïàñ- also participated in the conference. íîñòü ïðîäîëæàþùåéñÿ äå-ýêîëîãèçàöèè A role and opportunities of NGOs in the îáùåñòâà è ãîñóäàðñòâà. Íà ôîíå ðàñòóùåãî decision of problems of a climate and pow- çàãðÿçíåíèÿ îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû, ñîêðàùå- er engineering, biodiversity and protected íèÿ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ñíèæåíèÿ óðîâíÿ çà- areas, environmental education, preserva- ùèòû îõðàíÿåìûõ òåððèòîðèé, ñàìîóñòðàíå- tion of viability of the city environment, íèÿ ãîñóäàðñòâà îò ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî êîíòðîëÿ protection of the environmental rights of è ìîíèòîðèíãà ðàñò¸ò ðîëü íåçàâèñèìûõ citizens as well as collaborations of NGOs îáùåñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, ïîòåíöèàë with business and authority, problems bio- êîòîðûõ öåëåíàïðàâëåííî îãðàíè÷èâàåò- and chemical safety, preservation of woods ñÿ ñëîæèâøåéñÿ â ñòðàíå êîððóïöèîííî- and steppes, cruel treatment with animals áþðîêðàòè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìîé âëàñòè. and others were discussed. Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïðèíÿëà 43 äîêóìåí- Participants noted the danger tendency of òà (ðåçîëþöèè, îáðàùåíèÿ è çàÿâëåíèÿ), decreasing attention of society and the state êàê ïî îñíîâíûì, òàê è ïî ðåãèîíàëüíûì to environmental problems. On a background ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîëîãè÷åñêèì âûçîâàì îáùå- of growing environmental contamination, re- ñòâó, ïðåäëîæåííûõ êàê î÷íûìè, òàê è çà- duction of biodiversity and a level of protec- î÷íûìè ó÷àñòíèêàìè êîíôåðåíöèè. tion of protected areas, self-elimination of the state from the ecological control and monitor- Ðàáî÷åå ñîâåùàíèå, ïîñâÿù¸ííîå ñòà- ing the role of independent public organiza- òóñó è îõðàíå ñîêîëà-áàëîáàíà (Falco tions which potential is purposefully limited to cherrug), ñîñòîÿëîñü 5–7 àïðåëÿ 2009 ã. the corruption-bureaucratic system which has â ã. Àáó-Äàáè (ÎÀÝ). developed in the country grows. Ñîâåùàíèå áûëî îðãàíèçîâàíî Ïðèðîäî- The conference approved 43 resolutions, îõðàííûì äåïàðòàìåíòîì Àáó-Äàáè è IWC references and applications. Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 9

(5) Êîíòàêò (International Wildlife Consultants Ltd, Ìåæ- The meeting to discuss the status and Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî äóíàðîäíîå êîíñóëüòàöèîííîå àãåíòñòâî ïî conservation of the Saker Falcon (Falco ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» îõðàíå äèêîé ïðèðîäû, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ) cherrug) was held 5–7 April, 2009 in Abu à/ÿ 547, 630090 ñîãëàñíî ðåøåíèþ IX êîíôåðåíöèè ñòîðîí Dhabi (UAE). Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ Áîííñêîé êîíâåíöèè, êîòîðàÿ ïðîõîäèëà The meeting was hosted by the Environ- òåë.: +7 383 363 00 59 â Ðèìå â äåêàáðå 2008 ã. Òîãäà âîïðîñ î ment Agency – Abu Dhabi, EAD and In- [email protected] www.sibecocenter.ru/ âêëþ÷åíèè áàëîáàíà â 1 ïðèëîæåíèå äàí- ternational Wildlife Consultants Ltd., IWC raptors.htm íîé Êîíâåíöèè áûë âûíåñåí íà «ñïåöè- (Great Britain). àëüíîå ñîâåùàíèå, â êîòîðîì ïðèíÿëè áû The meeting was a follow-up of the 9th Âèòàëèé Âåòðîâ ó÷àñòèå ñòðàíû àðåàëà áàëîáàíà, à òàêæå Meeting of Parties of UNEP’s Convention of Óêðàèíñêèé öåíòð èññëåäîâàíèé õèùíûõ äðóãèå çàèíòåðåñîâàííûå ñòîðîíû». Migratory Species (CMS), held in Rome in ïòèö, Êèåâ, Óêðàèíà Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà ñîâåùàíèè â Àáó- 2008, where a proposal to upgrade the spe- [email protected] Äàáè áûëè ðàññìîòðåíû âîïðîñû ñîâðå- cies to Appendix 1 of the Convention had ìåííîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ àðåàëà è ÷èñëåííîñòè been deferred till all aspects of Saker conser- Þðèé Ìèëîáîã Óêðàèíñêèé öåíòð áàëîáàíà, ïðîáëåìû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ òðàíñ- vation is discussed in a separate meeting of èññëåäîâàíèé õèùíûõ ãðàíè÷íîé òîðãîâëåé âèäîì â ðàìêàõ the Saker Range States and other key stake- ïòèö, Êèåâ, Óêðàèíà Êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ, à òàêæå âîïðîñû ðàç- holders. [email protected] ìíîæåíèÿ â íåâîëå áàëîáàíà â ñòðàíàõ Thus, the meeting in Abu Dhabi consid- Åâðîïû è Ïåðñèäñêîãî çàëèâà. ered current knowledge of the Saker range (5) Contact Íà âñòðå÷å ïðèñóòñòâîâàëè ñïåöèàëè- and numbers, problems of CITES and prob- Elvira Nikolenko ñòû èç 19 ñòðàí: ÎÀÝ, Êóâåéòà, Êàòàðà, lems of captive breeding of the bird in coun- NGO Siberian Environ- Ñàóäîâñêîé Àðàâèè, Ïàêèñòàíà, Àâñòðèè, tries of Europe and GCC (the Gulf Coopera- mental Center P.O. Box 547, 630090 Áåëüãèè, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè, Ãåðìàíèè, Áîë- tion Council). Novosibirsk, Russia ãàðèè, Âåíãðèè, Õîðâàòèè, Ìîíãîëèè, tel.: +7 383 363 00 59 Êèòàÿ, Êàçàõñòàíà, Øâåéöàðèè, Óêðàèíû [email protected] è Ðîññèè – ïðåäñòàâèòåëè îðãàíîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ www.sibecocenter.ru/ raptors.htm ýòèõ ñòðàí, íàó÷íûõ è ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé. Ñåêðåòàðèàò ÑÈÒÅÑ ïðåä- Vitaliy Vetrov ñòàâëÿë Äýâèä Ìîðãàí. Ukrainian Birds of Prey Âàæíîé ÷àñòüþ ñîâåùàíèÿ ñòàëè äî- Research Centre, Kiev, Ukraine êëàäû î ñîñòîÿíèè âèäà â ñòðàíàõ àðåàëà [email protected] áàëîáàíà. Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïî- ïóëÿöèè âèäà â Ðîññèè áûëî îòðàæåíî â Yuriy Milobog äîêëàäå Ýëüâèðû Íèêîëåíêî (Ñèáèðñêèé Ukrainian Birds of Prey Research Centre, Kiev, ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîñ- Ukraine ñèÿ) – îòìå÷åíî çíà÷èòåëüíîå ñîêðàùåíèå [email protected] ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà – ñ 9000 ïàð â ñåðåäèíå XX ñòîëåòèÿ äî 2100–2900 ïàð â íàñòîÿ- ùåå âðåìÿ, è ñîõðàíÿþùèåñÿ îòðèöàòåëü- íûå òðåíäû ïî âñåìó ðîññèéñêîìó àðåàëó, Áàëîáàí. Ôîòî Î. Áåëÿëîâà. ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû îñíîâíûå ôàêòîðû, îêàçûâàþùèå íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå íà âèä, Saker Falcon. Photo by O. Belyalov. êàê ñàìûé çíà÷èòåëüíûé èç íèõ óêàçàí íå- ëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ áàëîáàíîâ äëÿ íóæä ñîêî- Specialists of 19 countries are present ëèíîé îõîòû. at the meeting: UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Ïðåäñòàâèòåëü Ìèíèñòåðñòâà Ïðèðîäû Arabia, Pakistan, Austria, Belgium, UK, Ger- è Òóðèçìà Ìîíãîëèè ×îéõàíä ßí÷èâëàì- many, Bulgaria, Hungary, Croatia, Mongo- äàí â ñâîåì äîêëàäå îòìåòèëà óâåëè÷åíèå lia, China, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Russia. ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â ñòðàíå áëàãîäàðÿ Reports from all Saker Range Countries were ãîñóäàðñòâåííîé ïðîãðàììå ïî óñòàíîâêå presented. Elvira Nikolenko (Siberian Environ- èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé. Ìîíãîëèÿ ñåé- mental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia) in her pres- ÷àñ îñòàåòñÿ åäèíñòâåííîé ñòðàíîé, â êî- entation reviewed current status of Russian òîðîé ïî ëèöåíçèÿì ðàçðåøåí ëåãàëüíûé population. She noted the number of species îòëîâ èç äèêîé ïðèðîäû è âûâîç ñîêîëîâ. significant decreasing – from 9000 pairs at Çíà÷èòåëüíàÿ ïîïóëÿöèÿ áàëîáàíà – the middle of XX century to 2100–2900 pairs 3000–5000 ïàð – áûëà óêàçàíà äëÿ òåð- now, and similar negative trend in all Russian ðèòîðèè Êèòàÿ â äîêëàäå Ýíäðþ Äèêñîíà, territories of Range, analyzed main factors, ýêñïåðòà IWC. Äðóãîé ñïåöèàëèñò ýòîé impacted negatively on the species. Illegal îðãàíèçàöèè – Åâãåíèé Øåðãàëèí, ðåçþ- catching of Saker for falconry was recognized 10 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

ìèðîâàë îáùóþ ñèòóàöèþ ñ ýòèì ðåäêèì as the most significant negative factor. âèäîì âî âñåõ ñòðàíàõ öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè, Representative of the Ministry of Nature âêëþ÷àÿ Ðîññèþ, Êèòàé è Ìîíãîëèþ (à & Tourism of Mongolia Choikhand Janchiv- òàêæå Êàçàõñòàí, Êèðãèçñòàí, Óçáåêèñòàí, lamdan in the report notes the number of Òàäæèêèñòàí, Òóðêìåíèñòàí, Ïàêèñòàí, Saker increasing in the country owing to the Àôãàíèñòàí, Èðàí è Èíäèþ): îáùàÿ ÷èñ- state program on erection of artificial nests. ëåííîñòü â ýòîì àðåàëå áûëà îöåíåíà â Mongolia now remains the unique country 8840–16830 ïàð, çà ïîñëåäíèå 8 ëåò îò- where legal catching and export of falcons ìå÷åíî çíà÷èòåëüíîå ñîêðàùåíèå ÷èñ- from the wild under licenses is permitted. ëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà, ïðè÷èíàìè êîòîðîãî Large population of Saker – 3000–5000 ñ÷èòàþò íåëåãàëüíûé îòëîâ, à òàêæå äå- pairs – was recorded for the territory of China ãðàäàöèþ áèîòîïîâ è ãèáåëü ïòèö íà ëè- in a report of Andrew Dixon (IWC). Another íèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è. specialist of IWC Eugeniy Shergalin reviewed Ïî-äðóãîìó âûãëÿäèò ñèòóàöèÿ â åâðî- the general situation with this rare species ïåéñêèõ ñòðàíàõ àðåàëà áàëîáàíà. Èç in many countries of Central Asia, including âûñòóïëåíèÿ êîëëåêòèâà àâòîðîâ (Èøòâàí Russia, China and Mongolia (also Kazakhstan, Áàëàçñ, ßíîø Áàãèóðà, Õàíñ-Ìàðòèí Áåðã, Kirghizstran, Uzbekistan, Tadjikistan, Turk- Äýâèä Õîðàë, Àíäðàñ Êîâà÷) î ñîñòîÿíèè menistan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran and ïîïóëÿöèè áàëîáàíà â Öåíòðàëüíîé Åâ- India): a total of 8840–16830 pairs was es- ðîïå (Ãåðìàíèÿ, Ïîëüøà, ×åõèÿ, Ñëîâà- timated to inhabit that area, for last 8 years êèÿ, Àâñòðèÿ, Âåíãðèÿ, Ðóìûíèÿ, Õîðâà- significant reduction of the Saker number was òèÿ, Ñåðáèÿ è ×åðíîãîðèÿ) ñëåäóåò, ÷òî â noted. The main reasons of declining were ýòèõ ñòðàíàõ íà ñåãîäíÿ èçâåñòíî 299–338 considered illegal catching, destruction of ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð áàëîáàíîâ, èç êîòîðûõ habitats and bird deaths from electrocution. 180–200 ãíåçäÿòñÿ â Âåíãðèè, íàáëþäàåòñÿ The presentation of author’s group (Istvan òåíäåíöèÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè. Balazc, Janos Bagyura, Hans-Martin Berg, ×ëåíû Óêðàèíñêîãî öåíòðà èçó÷åíèÿ David Horal, Andras Kovacs) on the Saker õèùíûõ ïòèö Âèòàëèé Âåòðîâ è Þðèé Ìè- population in Central Europe (Germany, Po- ëîáîã ïðåäñòàâèëè èíôîðìàöèþ î ðàñ- land, Czechia, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, ïðåäåëåíèè è ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà â Romania, Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro). Óêðàèíå è Ìîëäîâå – â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â By now in these countries it is recorded Óêðàèíå îáèòàåò ñàìàÿ êðóïíàÿ ïîïóëÿöèÿ up to 299–338 breeding pairs, of them áàëîáàíà â åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè åãî àðåàëà: 180–200 breed in Hungary. It is nice to see 270–310 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü an increasing trend in numbers. The report ïîïóëÿöèè ñîñðåäîòî÷åíà â ñòåïíîé çîíå by Jevgeny Shergalin (IWC, Great Britain) è ãíåçäèòñÿ íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ. analyzed the species population in Central Ó ó÷àñòíèêîâ ñîâåùàíèÿ âûçâàë èíòåðåñ Asia. Over the last eight years numbers of äîêëàä íà òåìó «Ïåðâûå ðåçóëüòàòû ñïóòíè- this falcon were greatly reduced, and sug- êîâîãî ñëåæåíèÿ çà áàëîáàíîì â Öåíòðàëü- gested reasons are illegal trade, loss of hab- íîé Åâðîïå» (Ìàòèàñ Ïðîììåð, MME/ itats and electrocution. Áàëîáàí. BirdLife, Âåíãðèÿ). Èç ðåçóëüòàòîâ ñëåäóåò, Presentation from Ukraine was reported by Ôîòî Î. Áåëÿëîâà. ÷òî ïòèöû, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ â Âåíãðèè, âî âðå- Vitaly Vetrov and Yury Milobog, members of Saker Falcon. ìÿ êî÷¸âîê è ìèãðàöèé çàëåòàþò íå òîëüêî the Ukrainian Birds of Prey Research Centre, Photo by O. Belyalov. â Óêðàèíó, íî äàæå â Áåëàðóñü è Ðîññèþ. about distribution and numbers of this rap- tor in Ukraine and Moldova. Now in Ukraine holds the biggest population of the Saker in European part of the range – nowadays the species numbers in Ukraine are estimated up to 270–310 breeding pairs. Majority of the population concentrates in the steppe zone and nests on poles of power lines. Participants of the meeting were also in- terested in the report by Matyas Prommer (MME/BirdLife, Hungary) telling about first results of the satellite tracking of Sakers in Central Europe. As it became evident, birds breeding in Hungary visit not only Ukraine during their movements and migrations but also Belarus and Russia. Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 11

Ðÿä äîêëàäîâ áûë ïîñâÿù¸í ïðîáëå- A number of presentations touched prob- ìàì îõðàíû áàëîáàíà. Àëåêñåé Âàéñìàí lems of the Saker conservation. The report (TRAFFIC, Ðîññèÿ) ñäåëàë àíàëèç ìàñøòàáîâ by Alexey Vaisman (TRAFFIC, Russia) ana- îòëîâà è íåëåãàëüíîé òîðãîâëè ýòèìè ïòè- lyzed scale of trapping and illegal trade in öàìè â Ðîññèè. Çà ïîñëåäíåå äåñÿòèëåòèå Russia. Over the last decade the volume îòìå÷àåòñÿ óâåëè÷åíèå îáú¸ìà íåëåãàëü- of illegal trade has increased. According to íîé òîðãîâëè. Ïî îöåíêàì àâòîðà, â Àëòàå- author’s estimation in Altai-Sayany region Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå åæåãîäíî îòëàâëèâàåòñÿ about 1000 Sakers are trapped annually! It îêîëî 1000 îñîáåé áàëîáàíîâ!  âûñòó- was mentioned that one of the routes of ille- ïëåíèè âåíãåðñêèõ êîëëåã (Èâàí Äåìåòåð, gal transportation lies through Ukraine as we Ìàðòîí Õîðâàò, ßíîø Áàãèóðà è Èøòâàí had written earlier at our website. Hungarian Áàëàçñ) áûë ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàí ìàñøòàá ãè- colleagues in their report analyzed the Saker áåëè áàëîáàíîâ îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðè÷å- mortality rate from electrocution on power ñêèì òîêîì íà ËÝÏ. Ïî èõ îöåíêàì, 3–5% lines. According to their estimation, it causes ïîïóëÿöèè âèäà â Âåíãðèè ãèáíåò ïî ýòîé deaths of 3–5% Hungarian population. ïðè÷èíå. Despite of the extensive presented data Íåñìîòðÿ íà îáøèðíûé ïðåäñòàâëåííûé on population conditions in different parts ìàòåðèàë î ñîñòîÿíèè ïîïóëÿöèé â ðàçíûõ of Range participants have recognized sig- ÷àñòÿõ àðåàëà, ó÷àñòíèêè ñîáðàíèÿ ïðè- nificant deficiency of the information on the çíàëè íåäîñòàòî÷íîñòü èíôîðìàöèè î ñòà- Saker status in the different countries and òóñå áàëîáàíà â ðàçíûõ ñòðàíàõ è óãðîçàõ, threats to the species. One of items of the êîòîðûå èñïûòûâàåò ýòîò âèä. Îäíèì èç meeting resolution was that BirdLife would ïóíêòîâ ðåøåíèÿ ñîáðàíèÿ áûëî ïðèíÿòî, revise the Saker status in the IUCN at a pub- ÷òî BirdLife ïåðåñìîòðèò ñòàòóñ áàëîáàíà â lic forum in the autumn 2009 Ìåæäóíàðîäíîì ñïèñêå óãðîæàåìûõ æè- Conclusions and recommendations of the âîòíûõ (IUCN) íà îáùåñòâåííîì ôîðóìå meeting are presented on p. 21. îñåíüþ 2009 ã. Contact (5). Èòîãîâàÿ ðåçîëþöèÿ ñîâåùàíèÿ îïóáëè- êîâàíà íà ñòð. 21. Êîíòàêò (5).

Î÷åðåäíàÿ 58-ÿ âñòðå÷à Êîìèòåòà ÑÈÒÅÑ ñîñòîÿëàñü â ã. Æåíåâà (Øâåé- öàðèÿ) 6–10 èþëÿ 2009 ã. Íà âñòðå÷å áûë ïðèíÿò ðÿä ðåøåíèé, êàñàþùèõñÿ áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug)2. Íà 21-îé âñòðå÷å Êîìèòåòà ÑÈÒÅÑ â Æåíåâå â ìàå 2005 ã. (AC21) äëÿ äåâÿ- òè ãîñóäàðñòâ àðåàëà áàëîáàíà, âêëþ÷àÿ Ìîíãîëèþ, Êîìèòåò ïî æèâîòíûì îòí¸ñ Áàëîáàí. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ýòîò âèä ê êàòåãîðèè âèäîâ «ñðî÷íîãî áåñïîêîéñòâà», ïî êîòîðûì òðåáóåòñÿ Saker Falcon. Photo by I. Karyakin. ðåàëèçàöèÿ ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé äëÿ ñïàñåíèÿ, à äëÿ äðóãèõ 26 ãîñóäàðñòâ Fifty-eighth meeting of the Standing Com- – ê êàòåãîðèè âèäîâ «âîçìîæíîãî áåñïî- mittee CITES took place in the Geneva êîéñòâà», ïî êîòîðûì âîçìîæíî òðåáó- (Switzerland) 6–10 July 2009. Some deci- åòñÿ ðåàëèçàöèÿ ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåðîïðèÿ- sions concerning Saker Falcon (Falco cher- òèé äëÿ ñïàñåíèÿ.  õîäå êîíñóëüòàöèé ñ rug) have been accepted at the meeting2. Ñåêðåòàðèàòîì, Êîìèòåò ñôîðìóëèðî- At its 21st meeting (AC21, Geneva, May âàë ðåêîìåíäàöèè äëÿ ãîñóäàðñòâ àðåà- 2005), the Animals Committee catego- ëà âèäà, îïðåäåëèâ êðàéíèå ñðîêè ïî èõ rized Saker Falcon as ‘of urgent concern’ in âûïîëíåíèþ. Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïîäãîòîâèë nine range States, including Mongolia, and èíñòðóêöèè äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ ýòèõ ðå- ‘of possible concern’ in a further 26 range êîìåíäàöèé íà 54-îé è 55-îé âñòðå÷àõ States. In consultation with the Secretariat, Êîìèòåòà ÑÈÒÅÑ [SC54, Æåíåâà, îêòÿáðü it formulated recommendations directed to 2006 (SC54 Doc. 42), è SC55 (Ãààãà, èþíü the range States concerned with deadlines 2007) (SC55 Doc. 17)]. for their implementation. The Secretariat provided updates on the implementation of 2 http://www.cites.org/eng/com/SC/58/E58-21-1.pdf these recommendations at the 54th and 55th 12 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

 îòâåò íà ðåêîìåíäàöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ, 6 ñåí- meeting of the Standing Committee [SC54, òÿáðÿ 2005 ã. Ìîíãîëèÿ óâåäîìèëà Ñåêðå- Geneva, October 2006 (see document SC54 òàðèàò, ÷òî îíà íå áóäåò âûäàâàòü ýêñïîðò- Doc. 42), and SC55 (The Hague, June 2007) íûå ðàçðåøåíèÿ, ïîêà âîïðîñ áàëîáàíà íå (see document SC55 Doc. 17)]. áóäåò ðàçðåø¸í Êîìèòåòîì ïî æèâîòíûì In response to the recommendations ad- ÑÈÒÅÑ ÷åðåç Ñåêðåòàðèàò. Ñåêðåòàðèàò dressed to it, Mongolia advised the Secre- ïåðåäàë ýòó èíôîðìàöèþ âñåì ó÷àñòíèêàì tariat on 6 September 2005 that no further Êîíâåíöèè â Óâåäîìëåíèè ¹2006/061 îò export permits would be issued “until the 14 íîÿáðÿ 2006 ã. problem of F. cherrug is resolved at the Ani- Ïîçæå Ñåêðåòàðèàòó ïðèøëîñü îêàçàòü mals Committee through the Secretariat”. äàâëåíèå íà Ìîíãîëèþ â ñâÿçè ñ ïðîäîë- The Secretariat conveyed this information æàþùèìñÿ ýêñïîðòîì: â îòâåò íà çàïðîñ to all Parties in Notification No. 2006/061 îò Ñåêðåòàðèàòà óïîëíîìî÷åííûå âëàñòè of 14 November 2006. Ìîíãîëèè ïîäòâåðäèëè, ÷òî ýêñïîðò áàëî- Subsequently, the attention of the Secretar- áàíà ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ.  ñâåòå ýòîãî, â ñâî¸ì iat was drawn to press coverage in Mongolia äîêóìåíòå SC57 Êîìèòåò ÑÈÒÅÑ ïîñòàíî- which suggested that export of specimens of âèë, ÷òî åñëè Ìîíãîëèÿ íå âûïîëíèò ðå- this species may be continuing. In response êîìåíäàöèè Êîìèòåòà ïî æèâîòíûì ïîë- to an enquiry from the Secretariat, the Mon- íîñòüþ, ðåêîìåíäîâàòü âñåì ó÷àñòíèêàì golian Management Authority confirmed that Êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ ê 31 äåêàáðÿ 2008 ã. exports were continuing. In the light of this, at ïðèîñòàíîâèòü òîðãîâëþ áàëîáàíàìè ñ SC57, the Standing Committee agreed that, Ìîíãîëèåé. Òàê êàê ñîãëàñèå íå ïðîèçî- if Mongolia did not comply with the recom- øëî, Ñåêðåòàðèàò äîâ¸ë ýòè ðåêîìåíäà- mendations of the Animals Committee in full, öèè Êîìèòåòà ÑÈÒÅÑ äî ó÷àñòíèêîâ Êîí- to the satisfaction of the Secretariat and Chair- âåíöèè â Óâåäîìëåíèè ¹2009/003 îò 3 man of the Animals Committee, by 31 De- ôåâðàëÿ 2009 ã. cember 2008, the Standing Committee would Ñåêðåòàðèàò âñòóïèë â êîíòàêò ñ Ìîí- recommend that all Parties suspend trade in ãîëèåé íà âñòðå÷å ïî îõðàíå ñîêîëà- F. cherrug with Mongolia. No such compli- áàëîáàíà â àïðåëå 2009 ã. â Îáúåäè- ance occurred and the Secretariat informed all íåííûõ Àðàáñêèõ Ýìèðàòàõ, ñîçâàííîé Parties of the Standing Committee’s recom- ïî òðåáîâàíèþ Êîíôåðåíöèè ñòðàí- mendation through Notification to the Parties ó÷àñòíèêîâ Ñîãëàøåíèÿ ïî ìèãðèðóþ- No. 2009/003 of 3 February 2009. ùèì âèäàì äèêèõ æèâîòíûõ (äîêóìåíò The Secretariat made contact with Mon- SC58. 21.1 – p. 6), ãäå â ñâî¸ì Äîêëàäå golia at a meeting on the conservation of î òîðãîâëå âèäîì Ìîíãîëèÿ íå ïðåäî- the Saker Falcon (April 2009, United Arab ñòàâèëà Ñåêðåòàðèàòó ÑÈÒÅÑ äîñòàòî÷íî Emirates) convened at the request of the èíôîðìàöèè, êîòîðàÿ áûëà â å¸ âåäåíèè. Conference of the SC58 Doc. 21.1 – p. 6 Âïîñëåäñòâèè Ìîíãîëèÿ âñ¸-òàêè ïðåäî- Parties to the Convention on Migratory Spe- ñòàâèëà îò÷¸ò â îòâåò íà ðåêîìåíäàöèè cies of Wild Animals. Êîìèòåòà ïî æèâîòíûì ÑÈÒÅÑ (äîñòóïåí It was clear to the CITES Secretariat that, íà âåáñàéòå Êîíâåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ). Ñåêðåòà- under the Review of Significant Trade, Mon- ðèàò ïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ïðîãðàììà, ðàçâèâàå- golia had not provided as much information ìàÿ â Ìîíãîëèè äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ è æèç- as was in its possession about this species. íåñïîñîáíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà, Subsequently, Mongolia supplied a response èíòåðåñíà è èííîâàöèîííà. Ìîíãîëèÿ, to the recommendations of the Animals Com- íåñîìíåííî, îäíà èç îñòàþùèõñÿ öèòà- mittee [available on CITES website]. The Sec- äåëåé äëÿ áàëîáàíà. Ó÷èòûâàÿ î÷åâèäíî retariat believes that the programme being óñòîé÷èâóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü ïîïóëÿöèè áà- developed in Mongolia for the conservation ëîáàíà â ñòðàíå, à òàêæå äåéñòâèÿ, íà- and sustainable use of this species in an in- ïðàâëåííûå íà óâåëè÷åíèå åãî ÷èñëåí- teresting and innovative one. Mongolia is íîñòè, Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïðåäëîæèë Êîìèòåòó, undoubtedly one of the remaining strong- â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïàðàãðàôîì u) Ðåøåíèÿ holds for F. cherrug. Given the apparently sta- Êîíôåðåíöèè 12.8 (Rev. CoP13), îòî- ble population in the country and the actions çâàòü ðåêîìåíäàöèþ ñòðàíàì-ó÷àñòíèöàì to increase the population artificially, the Sec- î ïðèîñòàíîâêå òîðãîâëè áàëîáàíîì èç retariat suggests that, in line with paragraph Ìîíãîëèè ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî Ìîíãîëèÿ u) of Resolution Conf. 12.8 (Rev. CoP13), the ïðèäåðæèòñÿ ýêñïîðòíîé êâîòû 300 ýê- Committee withdraw its recommendation çåìïëÿðîâ â òå÷åíèå 2009–2010 ãã. è, to Parties to suspend trade in specimens ïåðåä óñòàíîâëåíèåì êâîòû íà 2011 ã., of F. cherrug from Mongolia on the condition Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 13

(6) Êîíòàêò îò÷èòàåòñÿ íà 25-é âñòðå÷å Êîìèòåòà ïî that Mongolia maintains an export quota of Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî æèâîòíûì ÑÈÒÅÑ î ðàçâèòèè íàöèîíàëü- 300 specimens for the years 2009 and 2010 ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» íîé ïðîãðàììû. and, before establishing a quota for 2011, re- 630090 Ðîññèÿ ports at the 25th meeting of the Animals Com- Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547  Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå (Ðîññèÿ) mittee and takes advice from that Committee òåë.: +7 383 363 00 59 ïðîâîäèòñÿ ðàáîòà ïî ïðåäîòâðàùå- about the development of the programme. [email protected] www.sibecocenter.ru/ íèþ ãèáåëè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ïòèö íà ËÝÏ, raptors.htm à òàêæå áèîòåõíè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ Activities on prevention of deaths of rare äëÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ èõ ïîïóëÿöèé. bird species from electrocution on the in-  ðàìêàõ Ïðîåêòà ÏÐÎÎÍ/ÃÝÔ «Ñîõðà- stalling of artificial nests were carried out (6) Contact Elvira Nikolenko íåíèå áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî in the Altai-Sayan region (Russia). NGO Siberian Environ- Ýêîðåãèîíà» Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé Under the Project of UNDP/GEF “Biodiver- mental Center öåíòð âûïîëíÿåò ðàáîòó ïî ïðîåêòó «Îáå- sity Conservation of the Altai-Sayan Ecore- P.O. Box 547, ñïå÷åíèå ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïîïóëÿöèè áàëîáà- gion” the Siberian Environmental Center Novosibirsk 630090 Russia íà ïîñðåäñòâîì ñíèæåíèÿ óðîâíÿ ñìåðò- (Sibecocenter) realized the project “Main- tel.: +7 383 363 00 59 íîñòè ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è tenance of conservation of the Saker popu- [email protected] (ËÝÏ) è ñîçäàíèÿ óñëîâèé äëÿ âîññòàíîâëå- lation by means decreasing of bird deaths www.sibecocenter.ru/ íèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê âèäà â Àëòàå- from electrocution and creating of condi- raptors.htm Ñàÿíñêîì ýêîðåãèîíå». tions to recover breeding groups of the spe-  ìàå–èþëå è â ñåíòÿáðå 2009 ã. ïîëåâîé cies in the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion”. ãðóïïîé Ñèáýêîöåíòðà íà òåððèòîðèè Ðå- In May–July and in September, 2009 field ñïóáëèêè Àëòàé è Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ïðîâîäè- party of Sibecocenter in the territory of Altai ëèñü èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî îöåíêå óðîâíÿ ãèáåëè Republic and Altai Kray carried out research ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ to estimate the level of deaths of rare bird ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è â ãíåçäîâîé species from electrocution during the breed- ïåðèîä è â ïåðèîä îñåííåãî ing period and autumn migration. The most ïðîë¸òà. Ñàìûìè «ãîðÿ÷èìè» problem regions have appeared steppe de- ðåãèîíàìè îêàçàëèñü ñòåïíûå pressions of the Republic of Altai – Chuyskaya êîòëîâèíû Ðåñïóáëèêè Àë- (Kosh-Agach region) and Ust-Kanskaya (Ust- òàé – ×óéñêàÿ (Êîø-Àãà÷ñêèé Kansk region) steppes where unique on size ðàéîí) è Óñòü-Êàíñêàÿ (Óñòü- and the importance populations of several Êàíñêèé ðàéîí) ñòåïè, ãäå rare species (Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalen- ãíåçäÿòñÿ óíèêàëüíûå ïî âåëè- sis, Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca, Eagle Owl ÷èíå è çíà÷èìîñòè ïîïóëÿöèè Bubo bubo, Saker Falco cherrug and Per- òàêèõ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ, êàê ñòåï- egrine Falco peregrinus falcons) breed. Re- íîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis), mains of two Imperial Eagles, 10 Steppe Ea- îð¸ë-ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heli- gles, a Peregrine Falcon and a Long-Legged aca), ôèëèí (Bubo bubo), ñî- Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) (all species are listed êîëû áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug) in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federa- è ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus).  tion) and many other species died from elec- ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ íà 20 êì trocution (Goshawk Accipiter gentilis, Spar- Ñàïñàí (Falco peregri- ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ (ÏÎ ËÝÏ) áûëè íàéäåíû rowhawk Accipiter nisus, Black Kite Milvus nus), ïîãèáøèé íà ËÝÏ îñòàíêè äâóõ îðëîâ-ìîãèëüíèêîâ, 10 ñòåï- migrans and Kestrel Falco tinnunculus) were â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. íûõ îðëîâ, ñîêîëà-ñàïñàíà è îáûêíîâåííîãî found in steppe depression during inspect- êóðãàííèêà (Buteo rufinus) (âñå âèäû âíåñå- ing only 20 km of power lines dangerous for Electrocuted Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) íû â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ), à òàêæå äðóãèõ âè- birds. Remains of Imperial Eagles were found in the Chuya Steppe. äîâ, ïîãèáøèõ îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì: near to their empty nests. Photo by I. Karyakin. ÿñòðåáîâ òåòåðåâÿòíèêà (Accipiter gentilis) Generally power lines in the Altai Repub- è ïåðåïåëÿòíèêà (Accipiter nisus), êîðøóíà lic are equipped with wooden poles that do (Milvus migrans) è ïóñòåëüãè (Falco tinnuncu- not danger to birds. However replacement lus). Îñòàíêè îðëîâ-ìîãèëüíèêîâ áûëè íàé- of wooden poles on ferro-concrete poles and äåíû ðÿäîì ñ èõ ïóñòóþùèìè ãí¸çäàìè. construction of new power lines danger- Îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü ËÝÏ â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé ous to birds in steppe depressions dur- áàçèðóåòñÿ íà äåðåâÿííûõ îïîðàõ, êîòî- ing several years can lead to total destruc- ðûå íå ïðåäñòàâëÿþò îïàñíîñòè äëÿ ïòèö. tion of the unique populations. Results of the Îäíàêî çàìåíà äåðåâÿííûõ îïîð íà æåëå- research carried out in foothills of the Altai çîáåòîííûå è ñòðîèòåëüñòâî íîâûõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ Mountains, in Altai Kray where the density â ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ â òå÷åíèå íåñêîëüêèõ of power lines dangerous to birds is highest, ëåò ìîãóò ïðèâåñòè ê ïîëíîìó óíè÷òîæå- and bird deaths from electrocution is a prin- 14 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

íèþ óíèêàëüíûõ ïîïóëÿöèé. Òàêîé ïðîãíîç ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ ðåçóëüòàòàìè èññëåäîâà- íèé, ïðîâåä¸ííûõ â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàéñêèõ ãîð, â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, ãäå ïëîòíîñòü ïòè- öåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ íàèáîëåå âûñîêà, è ãèáåëü ïòèö îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñíîâíîé ïðè÷èíîé èõ íèçêîé ÷èñëåííî- ñòè. Òàê, âî âñåõ ìåñòàõ, ãäå âäîëü îïóøåê ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ òÿíóòñÿ æåëåçîáåòîííûå ËÝÏ ìîùíîñòüþ 6–10 êÂ, îòñóòñòâóþò íà ãíåçäîâàíèè îðëû-ìîãèëüíèêè, ïîäîðëè- êè (Aquila clanga) è áàëîáàíû, êîòîðûå íà äðóãèõ ó÷àñòêàõ îïóøåê ãíåçäÿòñÿ ñ ïîñòî- ÿííîé ïëîòíîñòüþ. Ïòèöû, êîòîðûå ïûòàþò- Ãíåçäîâàÿ ïëàòôîðìà, óñòàíîâëåííàÿ â Óáñóíóðñêîé ñÿ çàíÿòü ïóñòóþùèå òåððèòîðèè, ãèáíóò íà ñòåïè. Ôîòî À. Êóêñèíà. ËÝÏ â ïåðâûé æå ãîä. Òàê, â õîäå ñåíòÿáðü- Nesting platform erected in the Ubsunur Steppe. ñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ó ñîñåäíèõ ñòîëáîâ ÏÎ Photo by A. Kuksin. ËÝÏ, ïðîõîäÿùåé âäîëü ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîé îïóøêè Êàñìàëèíñêîé ëåíòû, áûëè íàéäåíû cipal cause of their low number proves such òðóïû ïîäîðëèêîâ, ïîãèáøèõ â èþëå è àâãó- disappointing forecast. So, Imperial Eagles, ñòå. Ýòî áûëè ñàìåö è ñàìêà ñ áëèæàéøåãî Greater Spotted Eagles (Aquila clanga) and ó÷àñòêà, ãíåçäîâàíèå êîòîðûõ ïðåðâàëîñü Sakers which nest regularly along edges of òàêèì òðàãè÷åñêèì îáðàçîì. Altai pine forests were not noted to nest in all Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé îïóáëèêîâàíû places where ferro-concrete power lines with íà ñòð. 45–64. voltage 6–10 kV are located along edges of Äëÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîêîëà- forests. Birds that try to occupy empty terri- áàëîáàíà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå â tories, perish on power lines in the first year. ðàìêàõ òîãî æå ïðîåêòà ÏÐÎÎÍ/ÃÝÔ ïî- So, during autumn research at the next poles ëåâîé ãðóïïîé çàïîâåäíèêà «Óáñóíóðñêàÿ of power lines dangerous to birds, carcasses êîòëîâèíà» ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì Àëåêñàí- of male and female of the Greater Spotted Ea- äðà Êóêñèíà 27–31 èþëÿ íà òåððèòîðèè gle were found. It was a pair occupied nearest Òåñ-Õåìñêîãî è Ýðçèíñêîãî ðàéîíîâ Òûâû territory that died in July and August. áûëè óñòàíîâëåíû 20 ãíåçäîâûõ ïëàòôîðì. Results of research are published on Ïëàòôîðìû áûëè èçãîòîâëåíû ïî ðåêî- p. 45–64. ìåíäàöèÿì Ñèáýêîöåíòðà è óñòàíîâëåíû íà For the recovering of number of the Saker ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ áàëîáàíîâ, íà êîòîðûõ in the Altai-Sayan region under the same ãíåçäîâàíèå ïðåêðàòèëîñü â ðåçóëüòàòå project UNDP/GEF the field party of the Na- óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê âìåñòå ture Reserve “Ubsunuur Depression” leaded ñî ñòîëáàìè ËÝÏ â 2001–02 ãã. Ðåãóëÿð- by Alexander Kuksin erected 20 artificial nests íûé ìîíèòîðèíã ïîêàçàë, ÷òî ïòèöû âñå in the territory of Tes-Hem and Erzin region ýòè ãîäû äåðæàòñÿ íà íåêîòîðûõ ó÷àñòêàõ, of the Tyva Republic on 27–31 July. Artificial íå ñìîòðÿ íà îòñóòñòâèå ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, ÷òî nests was made under recommendations of äà¸ò áîëüøèå øàíñû íà òî, ÷òî óñòàíîâëåí- Sibecocenter and erected in breeding territo- íûå ãíåçäîâûå ïëàòôîðìû áóäóò çàíÿòû áà- ries of Sakers where nesting has stopped as ëîáàíîì â áëèæàéøèå íåñêîëüêî ëåò. a result of destruction of nests together with Êîíòàêò (6). electric poles in 2001–02. Monitoring has shown that birds occupied the territories all Ôîíä Èññëåäîâàíèé Õèùíûõ Ïòèö ïðî- these years in spite of absence of breeding. â¸ë 29 ñåíòÿáðÿ – 4 îêòÿáðÿ 2009 ã. ñâîþ It is a good prospect that the erected artificial åæåãîäíóþ êîíôåðåíöèþ â ã. Ïèòëî÷ðè, nests will be occupied by Sakers in the nearest Øîòëàíäèÿ. several years. Åæåãîäíàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ Ôîíäà Èñ- Contact (6). ñëåäîâàíèé Õèùíûõ Ïòèö â 2009 ã. âïåð- âûå áûëà ïðîâåäåíàÿ çà ãðàíèöåé, ÷òîáû Raptor Research Foundation 2009 Annu- ó÷åñòü îáùèå èíòåðåñû åãî ó÷àñòíèêîâ. al Conference took place 29 September Êîíôåðåíöèþ ïðèíèìàëè øîòëàíäñêèå – 4 October 2009 in Pitlochry, Scotland. ãðóïïû ïî èçó÷åíèþ õèùíûõ ïòèö3. The Raptor Research Foundation 2009 an- nual conference was held overseas for the 3 http://www.scottishraptorgroups.org first time, to reflect the global interests of Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 15

Âñÿ ïðîãðàììà ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, âêëþ÷àÿ its members. Hosted by the Scottish Rap- íàó÷íûå äîêëàäû, íåîôèöèàëüíûå âñòðå- tor Study Groups3, this six-day event took ÷è è ýêñêóðñèè, ïðîõîäèëà â ýêñêëþçèâíîé place in the exclusive Atholl Palace Hotel, ãîñòèíèöå Àòîëë Ïàëàñ. with a full programme of scientific presenta- Äåëåãàòîì ìîã ñòàòü ëþáîé æåëàþùèé, tions, social events and fieldtrips. îäíàêî ÷èñëî ìåñò áûëî îãðàíè÷åíî, è Anyone could ask for a delegate ticket but ïðèîðèòåò áûë îòäàí ÷ëåíàì øîòëàíäñêèõ priority was given to Scottish Raptor Study ãðóïï ïî èçó÷åíèþ õèùíûõ ïòèö. Ðîññèþ Group and Raptor Research Foundation ïðåäñòàâëÿëè Å. Ïîòàïîâ è È. Óòåõèíà. members, so please ensure your member- ship is up to date. For logistical reasons, del- (7) Contact  Ïèðåíåÿõ â ã. Îðîïåñà (Èñïàíèÿ) 7–10 egate numbers are limited to 300 so early M. McGrady îêòÿáðÿ 2009 ã. ïðîøëà åæåãîäíàÿ êîí- booking was advisable. The Russia has been Natural Research ôåðåíöèÿ Ñîþçà Îõðàíû Îðëîâ (ECA)4. presented by E. Potapov and I. Utekhina. mike.mcgrady@ Êðîìå òîãî, Ñîþç Îõðàíû Îðëîâ (ECA) natural-research.org www.natural-research.org ïåðåä Êîíôåðåíöèåé ïðîâ¸ë ñåìèíàð The Eagle Conservation Alliance (ECA) ïî èíêóáàöèè ÿèö, è ïîñëå íå¸ – ñåìè- annual conference took place in the Pyr- íàð ïî ìåäèöèíå äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ õèù- enees in Oropesa (Spain) October 7–104. íûõ ïòèö. The ECA was offering a workshop on Avian Äåòàëè îòíîñèòåëüíî ñåìèíàðîâ áóäóò Egg Incubation in the days preceding their îïóáëèêîâàíû íà âåáñàéòå ECA â áëèæàé- annual conference and a workshop on Rap- øåì áóäóùåì. tor Conservation Medicine was held after the Êîíòàêò (7). conference. Details on that workshop will be posted on the ECA web site in the near future. (8) Contact  ã. Òàéáýé (Òàéâàíü) 5–9 íîÿáðÿ 2009 ã. Contact (7). Lucia Liu Severinghaus ïðîøëà Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ Êîíôåðåíöèÿ Biodiversity Research ïî îñîåäàì (Pernis sp.). The International Conference on Honey Center Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115 Êîíôåðåíöèÿ ïðîâîäèëàñü ñ öåëüþ ðàç- Buzzards (Pernis sp.) was held at Taipei honeybuzzardtaiwan@ âèòèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé îñîåäîâ. Ÿ îðãàíè- in Taiwan November 5–9, 2009. gmail.com çîâàëè ä-ð Ëþ÷èÿ Ñåâåðèíõàóç (Tàéâàíü), This Conference was conducted by Dr. Lucia tel.: 8862 27 899 542 ä-ð Àíèòà Ãàìàóô (Àâñòðèÿ) è ä-ð Õèãó÷è Severinghaus of Taiwan, Dr. Anita Gamauf of fax: 8862 27 858 059 (ßïîíèÿ). Austria and Dr. Higuchi of Japan to promote Íà êîíôåðåíöèè áûëî ïðåäñòàâëåíî the research of mysterious Honey Buzzards. ìíîæåñòâî äîêëàäîâ ïî ìîðôîëîãèè, ñî- There were many reports on morphology, ñòîÿíèþ ïîïóëÿöèé, èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ìå- population status, habitat use, migrations and ñòîîáèòàíèé, ìèãðàöèÿì è ãíåçäîâîé áèî- breeding biology of European and Oriental ëîãèè åâðîïåéñêîãî è õîõëàòîãî îñîåäîâ Honey Buzzards (P. apivorus & P. ptilorhyn- (P. apivorus & P. ptilorhynchus). Âûñòóïà- chus). Participants were not only from South- ëè äîêëàä÷èêè íå òîëüêî èç ñòðàí Þãî- Eastern Asia (especially Taiwan and Japan), Âîñòî÷íîé Àçèè (â îñíîâíîì èç Òàéâàíÿ è but from Germany and Netherlands. ßïîíèè), íî è èç Ãåðìàíèè è Ãîëëàíäèè. Contact (8). Êîíòàêò (8). Professional meeting on Peregrine Falcon Âñòðå÷à ñïåöèàëèñòîâ ïî îõðàíå ñàï- (Falco peregrinus) protection planned in (9) Contact ñàíà (Falco peregrinus) ïëàíèðóåòñÿ 27– 27–31 May 2010 in the northwest of the Mr. Holm Benning, 31 ìàÿ 2010 ã. íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäå îêðóãà district Brandenburg, which nowadays Goldlackweg 2a, Áðàíäåíáóðã (Ãåðìàíèÿ). again represents the center of the new D-06118 Halle [email protected] Ýòà ïðîâèíöèÿ Ãåðìàíèè, áîãàòàÿ îç¸- tree-nesting Peregrine population. ðàìè è ëåñàìè, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñòàëà The ancient tree-nesting population of öåíòðîì íîâîé ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè Peregrines, formerly living in thousands of ñàïñàíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà äåðåâüÿõ. pairs in the wooded lowlands with high allu- Íàòèâíàÿ äðåâåñíî-ãíåçäÿùàÿñÿ ïîïó- vial cover in Middle and Eastern Europe, be- ëÿöèÿ ñàïñàíîâ èç íåñêîëüêèõ òûñÿ÷ ïàð, came completely extinct in the wake of the íàñåëÿâøàÿ ëåñà Öåíòðàëüíîé è Âîñòî÷- DDT-crash. A spontaneous reestablishment íîé Åâðîïû, ïîëíîñòüþ âûìåðëà â ïåðè- of this population, especially adapted to con- îä àêòèâíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ ÄÄÒ. Ñïîíòàí- cerning their breeding ecology, could not be íîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå ïîïóëÿöèè, ó÷èòûâàÿ expected. It ought to be initiated by suitable ñïåöèôè÷åñêèå îñîáåííîñòè ýêîëîãèè management, i.e. newly established during a founder stage to form a kernel of tree- nesting Peregrines. In order to fulfill this task 4 http://eagleconservationalliance.org/eca_conference_2009.html 16 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

Ñàïñàí. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî. Peregrine Falcon. Photo by E. Nikolenko.

ïòèö, âðÿä ëè áûëî áû âîçìîæíûì áåç àê- òèâíîãî âìåøàòåëüñòâà ÷åëîâåêà. Ïîýòîìó äëÿ ðåèíòðîäóêöèè âèäà è âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ äðåâåñíî-ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïîïóëÿöèè ñàïñà- íà â Åâðîïå çàèíòåðåñîâàííûå ñïåöèàëè- ñòû 20 ëåò íàçàä îáúåäèíèëè ñâîè óñèëèÿ. Ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîé öåëüþ ÿâèëîñü ôîðìè- ðîâàíèå 25 ïàð ñ óñòîé÷èâûì ñòåðåîòè- ïîì ãíåçäîâàíèÿ íà äåðåâüÿõ íà ïîñòî- ÿííûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ íà òåððèòîðèè Ãåðìàíèè â ïðåäåëàõ ïðåæíåãî àðåàëà ïîïóëÿöèè, ðàíåå çàíèìàâøåãî îáëàñòü îò interested parties came together to act con- íèçîâèé Ðåéíà äî Óðàëà. Äîñòèæåíèå öåëè certedly nearly 20 years ago. Our aim was to ïëàíèðîâàëîñü ê 2010 ã. reestablish a founder population of 25 breed- Íà ñîáðàíèè êðóãó çàèíòåðåñîâàííûõ ing pairs interconnected in neighbouring sta- ëèö áóäóò ïðåäñòàâëåíû ìåòîäû è ðåçóëü- ble territories and all fixed on the treenesting òàòû íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé ðàáîòû, habit, primarily within the German portion of ñîïðîâîæäàþùåé è íàïðàâëÿþùåé òåêó- the tree-nesters´ range, which latter formerly ùèé ïðîåêò ïî âîññòàíîâëåíèþ ïîïóëÿöèè extended from the Lower Rhein to the Urals. äðåâåñíî-ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñàïñàíîâ. Ê òîìó This aim we will have reached in 2010. æå, ó÷àñòíèêè ñîáðàíèÿ ïîëó÷àò âîçìîæ- On meeting will be present to a circle of íîñòü îçíàêîìèòüñÿ ñ ðåçóëüòàòàìè ïðîåê- interested persons the methods and the òà è íàáëþäàòü äðåâåñíî-ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñàï- scientific results gained by research work ñàíîâ íà èõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. accompanying and directing the running Íà ïëåíàðíîì çàñåäàíèè 29 ìàÿ áóäóò project. Additionally the participants will ïðåäñòàâëåíû äàííûå ïî êðàõó è âîññòà- have the opportunity to experience the íîâëåíèþ äðåâåñíî-ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïîïóëÿ- breeding and rearing events of tree-nest- öèè ñàïñàíà â Öåíòðàëüíîé Åâðîïå. Áóäóò ing Peregrines at some active nest sites in îçâó÷åíû ñïåöèàëüíûå àñïåêòû èìïðèí- wooded habitats in the near environment. òèíãà ñîêîëîâ ê òèïàì ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, The plenary session at 29th of May is dedi- èíôîðìàöèÿ î ïðåæíèõ è ñîâðåìåííûõ cated to a professional presentation of the ñëó÷àÿõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñàïñàíà íà äåðåâüÿõ extinction and the restitution of the tree-nest- êàê â Åâðîïå, òàê è çà å¸ ïðåäåëàìè, ðå- ing population of the Peregrine in middle Eu- çóëüòàòû ìå÷åíèÿ ñîêîëîâ. rope. It will be talked about special aspects Èíôîðìàöèÿ î ïëàíèðóþùåìñÿ ñîáðà- of imprinting on types of habitat, the former íèè áóäåò äîñòóïíà â Èíòåðíåò íà ñòðàíè- and present occurrence of tree-nesting (also öå ñîáðàíèÿ ïîñëå ñîçäàíèÿ äàííîé ñòðà- outside the traditional european tree-nesting íèöû5. area) and the scientific findings derived from Êîíòàêò (9). ring marking and individual identification. Information about planned meeting will (10) Contact 6-îé Ìåæäóíàðîäíûé Ñèìïîçèóì ïî also be available via internet on the page of Dr. S.Gombobaatar àçèàòñêèì ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì áóäåò meeting after installation of this page5. Mongolian Ornithologi- ïðîâåä¸í 23–27 èþíÿ 2010 ã. â ãîñòè- Contact (9). cal Society, National University of íè÷íîì êîìïëåêñå ×èíãèñ Õàí â Óëàí- Mongolia Áàòîðå (Ìîíãîëèÿ). Íà ñèìïîçèóìå áóäóò The 6th International Symposium on Asian Ikh surguuliin street-1, ïðåäñòàâëåíû ñòàòüè ðàçíûõ èññëåäî- Raptors will be held on 23–27 June, 2010 Ulaanbaatar, 210646A, âàòåëåé èç Àçèè è äðóãèõ ñòðàí ìèðà, in the Chingis Khaan complex, Ulaanbaa- P.O. Box 537. Mongolia tel.: +976 910 001 48 îáåñïå÷èâàÿ ôàíòàñòè÷åñêóþ âîçìîæ- tar, Mongolia. Papers will be presented +976 991 801 48 íîñòü ðàñøèðèòü çíàíèÿ î ïåðíàòûõ by researchers from Asia and the other +976 (11) 32 39 70 õèùíèêàõ è îïûò â èõ èññëåäîâàíèè. countries of the world, providing a fan- fax: +976 (11) 32 01 59 Ïîäðîáíåå îá Àçèàòñêîé Ñåòè ïî Èçó÷å- tastic opportunity to improve your skills [email protected] [email protected] íèþ è Îõðàíå Õèùíûõ Ïòèö (ARRCN) ÷è- and knowledge on raptors surveys. gombobaatar@biology. òàéòå íà ñòð. 22–24. Details about the Asian Raptors Research num.edu.mn Êîíòàêò (10). and Conservation Network (ARRCN) read on ðp. 22–24. 5 http://www.aws-freiberg.de Contact (10). Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 17

ContrabandofFalcons КОНТРАБАНДА СОКОЛОВ

Ãðóïïà èíîñòðàííûõ ãðàæäàí, çàíèìàþ- The group of the foreign citizens – ùèõñÿ îòëîâîì áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug), catchers of Sakers (Falco cherrug) was áûëà çàäåðæàíà ñîòðóäíèêàìè îòäåëå- detained by employees of the depart- íèÿ ìèëèöèè ïî áîðüáå ñ ïðàâîíàðóøå- ment of militia on struggle against of- íèÿìè â ñôåðå áèîðåñóðñîâ ÌÂÄ Õàêà- fences in sphere of resources of the ñèè (Ðîññèÿ) 18 àâãóñòà 2009 ã.6 Ministry of Internal Affairs Khakassia  ðåçóëüòàòå ÷¸òêèõ è ñëàæåííûõ (Russia) on 18 August, 20096. äåéñòâèé ñîòðóäíèêîâ ÌÂÄ ïîä ðóêî- As a result of the precise and professional âîäñòâîì êàïèòàíà ìèëèöèè Âèòàëèÿ actions of militiamen headed by the cap- Íèêèòèíà â óðî÷èùå Êëþ÷è â äåñÿòè êè- tain of militia Vitaly Nikitin six men were ëîìåòðàõ îò ñ. Ñîë¸íîîç¸ðíîå Øèðèí- detained in the natural boundary Kluchi in ñêîãî ðàéîíà Õàêàñèè 18 àâãóñòà áûëè ten kilometers from Solenoozernoe village çàäåðæàíû øåñòåðî ìóæ÷èí. ×åòâåðî èç of Shirinskiy region of Khakassia on 18 Au- íèõ îêàçàëèñü ãðàæäàíàìè Ñèðèè, îäèí gust. Four from them were appeared citi- – Ñàóäîâñêîé Àðàâèè è îäèí – ñèðèåö ñ zens of Syria, one – Saudi Arabia and one ðîññèéñêèì ãðàæäàíñòâîì, ïðîæèâàþ- – Syrian with the Russian citizenship, living ùèé â Áàðíàóëå. in Barnaul. Ïðè îñìîòðå àâòîìîáèëåé, íà êîòîðûõ At examination of vehicles of arrested ïåðåäâèãàëèñü çàäåðæàííûå, ìèëèöèî- persons militiamen found out different de- íåðû îáíàðóæèëè ìíîæåñòâî ðàçëè÷íûõ vices for catching birds, a Saker and 50 pi- ïðèñïîñîáëåíèé äëÿ ëîâëè ïòèö, à òàêæå geons, used as a bait. îäíîãî ñîêîëà áàëîáàíà è 50 ãîëóáåé, ÿâ- Now the falcon caught by foreign poach- ëÿþùèõñÿ ïðèìàíêîé. ers is brought into Abakan zoo. The bird  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ïîéìàííûé èíî- was examined by experts, nothing threat- ñòðàííûìè áðàêîíüåðàìè ñîêîë ïåðåäàí ens its health. â àáàêàíñêèé çîîïàðê. Ïòèöà îñìîòðåíà ñïåöèàëèñòàìè, å¸ çäîðîâüþ íè÷åãî íå Two Syrians with two Sakers (Falco óãðîæàåò. cherrug) and numerous equipment for the bird catching and pigeons were ar-  ñåíòÿáðå 2009 ã. â 75 êì îò ã. Àðàëü- rested in 75 km from Aralsk (Kazakstan) ñêà (Êàçàõñòàí) â óðî÷èùå Òåðáåíåñ on September 20097. çàäåðæàíû äâîå ãðàæäàí Ñèðèè, ó êî- Officers of customs with the department òîðûõ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû äâà ñîêîëà- of Committee of National Security of the áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug), áîëüøîå êî- Kyzyl-Orda district and the Baykynur town ëè÷åñòâî ïðèñïîñîáëåíèé äëÿ ëîâëè detained two Syrians in the Terbenes natu- ïòèö, à òàêæå æèâûå ãîëóáè7. ral boundary (75 km from Aralsk). Confis- Êàê ñîîáùèëà ðóêîâîäèòåëü ïðåññ- cated sakers were brought to the regional ñëóæáû Äåïàðòàìåíòà òàìîæåííîãî êîí- inspection of forest and hunting service. òðîëÿ Áàõûò Îðäàíîâà, ãðàæäàíå Ñèðèè áûëè çàäåðæàíû ñîâìåñòíîé îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïîé òàìîæåííèêîâ è ìåñòíûõ ïðåä- ñòàâèòåëåé Äåïàðòàìåíòà Êîìèòåòà íàöèî- íàëüíîé áåçîïàñíîñòè ïî Êûçûëîðäèíñêîé îáëàñòè è ãîðîäó Áàéêîíûðó.  õîäå ïðåäâàðèòåëüíîãî ðàññëåäîâàíèÿ óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ãðàæäàíå Ñèðèè, 1946 è 1972 ãã. ðîæäåíèÿ, íàõîäÿòñÿ â Êàçàõñòà- íå â êà÷åñòâå òóðèñòîâ ñ 3 èþëÿ 2009 ã. ïî ïðèãëàøåíèþ îäíîé èç àëìàòèíñêèõ ôèðì. Òóðèñòè÷åñêèå âèçû äåéñòâèòåëüíû äî ôåâ- ðàëÿ 2010 ã. Êîíôèñêîâàííûå áàëîáàíû (Falco cherrug). Ôîòî À. Êîâøàðÿ. 6 http://www.mvd.ru/news/30683 Confiscated Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug). 7 http://www.express-k.kz/show_article.php?art_id=33518 Photo by A. Kovshar. 18 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

Ïî ñëîâàì çàäåðæàííûõ, â Ïðèàðàëüå Two Syrians trying to export eight Sakers îõîòÿòñÿ íà ñîêîëîâ åù¸ íåñêîëüêî èõ òî- (Falco cherrug) from the Tyva Republic âàðèùåé. Èõ ïîèñêîì ñåé÷àñ çàíÿòû ñî- (Russia) were arrested by militiamen on òðóäíèêè Àðàëüñêîé ðàéîííîé ïðîêóðàòó- 10 September 20098. ðû è ðàéîòäåëà âíóòðåííèõ äåë. Following reports of the press-service of Èçúÿòûå áàëîáàíû ïåðåäàíû ñîòðóäíè- Office of Public Prosecutor of Tyva, on the êàì ðåãèîíàëüíîé èíñïåêöèè ëåñíîãî è night of September, 10th near a militan post îõîòíè÷üåãî õîçÿéñòâà. of the State Motor-Vehicle Inspectorate “Shivilig” militiamen detained a Syrian who Äâà óðîæåíöà Ñèðèè, ïûòàâøèåñÿ âû- tried to smuggle out the bound birds in a âåçòè èç Ðåñïóáëèêè Òûâà (Ðîññèÿ) âî- bag around of a post. ñåìü áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug), áûëè The vehicle with the unfamiliar num- çàäåðæàíû 10 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2009 ã. ñîòðóä- bers driven about on Turan (Tyva) at once íèêàìè ÌÂÄ8. was drawn attention of militiamen. At the Êàê ñîîáùèëè â ïðåññ-ñëóæáå ïðîêó- evening the car was directed to the sta- ðàòóðû Òóâû, â íî÷ü íà 10 ñåíòÿáðÿ âîçëå tionary post Shivilig to cross administrative ïîñòà ÃÈÁÄÄ Øèâèëèã ñîòðóäíèêè îðãàíîâ border of the Tyva Republic. Suspicions of âíóòðåííèõ äåë çàäåðæàëè ãðàæäàíèíà inspectors were amplified when there was Ñèðèè, êîòîðûé ïûòàëñÿ ïðî- only one person in the car instead of two. íåñòè ñâÿçàííûõ ïòèö â äî- Well knowing “habit” of not legislative ðîæíîé ñóìêå â îáõîä ïîñòà. citizens on foot to bypass a militian post, Àâòîìàøèíà ñ íåçíàêîìû- inspectors run to a nearest forest. The intui- ìè íîìåðàìè, ðàçúåçæàâøàÿ tion was not brought them. In 700 m from ïî ãîðîäó Òóðàíó, ñðàçó ïðè- a post they have detained a Syrian with a âëåêëà âíèìàíèå ñîòðóäíè- bag where they found illicit cargo – eight êîâ ÃÈÁÄÄ. Êàê òîëüêî ñòåì- Sakers. íåëî, ìàøèíà íàïðàâèëàñü â Inspectors of the State Committee on ñòîðîíó ñòàöèîíàðíîãî ïîñòà Hunting and Fishery of Tyva have made the Øèâèëèã, ÷òîáû ïåðåñå÷ü àä- report on the administrative offence stipu- ìèíèñòðàòèâíóþ ãðàíèöó Ðå- lated by article 8.35 of Code of Adminis- ñïóáëèêè Òûâà. Èíñïåêòîðû trative Liability of the Russian Federation – ÄÏÑ ñðàçó çàïîäîçðèëè íå- destruction of rare endangered species of Áàëîáàíû (Falco cher- ëàäíîå, êîãäà â ìàøèíå âìåñòî äâóõ ïàññà- wildlife. rug), çàäåðæàííûå â æèðîâ îêàçàëñÿ òîëüêî îäèí. As the head of the State Committee Alex- Ðåñïóáëèêå Òûâà. Õîðîøî çíàÿ «ïðèâû÷êó» íåçàêîíîïîñ- ander Novikov informed, documents would Saker Falcons (Falco ëóøíûõ ãðàæäàí ïåøêîì îáõîäèòü ìèëè- be bring in law enforcement bodies for ex- cherrug) were arrested in the Tyva Republic. öåéñêèé ïîñò, ñîòðóäíèêè ÃÀÈ áðîñèëèñü citation of criminal case. â ëåñíóþ ÷àùó. Èíòóèöèÿ èõ íå ïîäâåëà. According to ornithologists falcons feel  700 ì îò ïîñòà îíè çàäåðæàëè ñèðèéöà, well though smugglers put birds to sleep â ñóìêå êîòîðîãî íàõîäèëñÿ êîíòðàáàíä- with somnolent preparations in order to íûé ãðóç – âîñåìü ñîêîëîâ-áàëîáàíîâ. they not made a noise. All birds were ringed Èíñïåêòîðû ãîñêîìèòåòà Òóâû ïî îõî- and released in wild on 11 September. òå è ðûáîëîâñòâó ñîñòàâèëè ïðîòîêîë îá àäìèíèñòðàòèâíîì ïðàâîíàðóøåíèè, ïðåäóñìîòðåííîì ñòàòüåé 8.35 ÊîÀÏ ÐÔ – óíè÷òîæåíèå ðåäêèõ, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé. Êàê ñîîáùèë ðóêîâîäèòåëü ãîñêîìèòåòà Àëåêñàíäð Íîâèêîâ, äîêóìåíòû áóäóò ïå- ðåäàíû â ïðàâîîõðàíèòåëüíûå îðãàíû äëÿ âîçáóæäåíèÿ óãîëîâíîãî äåëà. Ïî ñëîâàì îðíèòîëîãîâ, ñîêîëû ÷óâñòâó- þò ñåáÿ õîðîøî, õîòÿ ïîäîçðåâàåìûå íà- êà÷àëè èõ ñíîòâîðíûìè ïðåïàðàòàìè, ÷òî- áû îíè ìåíüøå øóìåëè. 11 ñåíòÿáðÿ âñå ïòèöû áûëè îêîëüöîâàíû è âûïóùåíû íà Áàëîáàí èç ïàðòèè, çàäåðæàííîé â ðåñïóáëèêå Òûâà. âîëþ. Saker Falcon of the group of birds ar- 8 http://www.tuvaonline.ru/2009/09/11/5732_tuva.html rested in the Tyva Republic. Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 19

Ñàìåö áàëîáàíà, íåëåãàëüíî ïðîäàþùèéñÿ çà 8 òûñ. äîëëàðîâ ïî îáúÿâëåíèþ â Èíòåðíåò â ã. Çìåèíîãîðñê Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Male of the Saker Falcon illegally being sold for a price 8000 USD under advertisment in Internet in Zmeinogorsk (Altai Kray).

 ñåíòÿáðå 2009 ã. â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé (Ðîññèÿ) ñîòðóäíèêè ÃÈÁÄÄ ïðåäîò- âðàòèëè êîíòðàáàíäó áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug)9. Êàê ñîîáùàåò ÈÒÀÐ-ÒÀÑÑ ñî ññûëêîé íà ïðåññ-ñëóæáó ÌÂÄ Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé, íà ×óéñêîì òðàêòå âáëèçè ñåëà Êóðîòà Inspectors of the State Motor-Vehicle In- Îíãóäàéñêîãî ðàéîíà âíèìàíèå àâòîèí- spectorate has a contraband of Sakers ñïåêòîðîâ ïðèâëåêëà «Ëàäà» äåñÿòîé ìî- (Falco cherrug) in the Altai Republic (Rus- äåëè, âîäèòåëü êîòîðîé íàðóøèë ïðàâèëà sia) on September 20099. äîðîæíîãî äâèæåíèÿ. Îñìàòðèâàÿ ñàëîí Following reports of the press-service àâòîìîáèëÿ, íà çàäíåì ñèäåíèè îíè çà- of the Ministry of Internal Affair of the ìåòèëè íåñêîëüêî ñâ¸ðòêîâ èç ïëîòíîé Altai Republic, On the Chya highway of õëîï÷àòîáóìàæíîé òêàíè. Ðàçâåðíóâ near the Kurota village of Ongudajskiy re- òêàíü, àâòîèíñïåêòîðû îáíàðóæèëè òð¸õ gion inspectors were drawn attention to ñâÿçàííûõ ïòèö. Íè÷åãî âðàçóìèòåëüíîãî a vehicle which driver had broken rules íàñ÷¸ò ïðîâîçà ðåäêèõ èñ÷åçàþùèõ ïòèö of traffic. Examining the car they noticed àâòîëþáèòåëü èç Êîø-Àãà÷à ñîîáùèòü íå several packages made of a cotton fabric. ñìîã, ðàññêàçàâ ëèøü î òîì, ÷òî ïîñûëêó Unwrapping a fabric inspectors found out èç ïðèãðàíè÷íîãî ðàéîíà äîëæíû áûëè three bound birds. The driver from Kosh- âñòðåòèòü â ïðèãîðîäå Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêà äëÿ Agach was able to explain nothing about äàëüíåéøåé êîíòðàáàíäíîé îòïðàâêè çà transportation of rare birds, having told only ïðåäåëû Ðîññèè. that packages from frontier region should  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â ÎÂÄ ïî Êîø- be delivered in suburb of Gorno-Altaisk for Àãà÷ñêîìó ðàéîíó ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ âî- the further smuggling out of Russia. ïðîñ î âîçáóæäåíèè óãîëîâíîãî äåëà Now the question on excitation of crimi- ïðîòèâ íàðóøèòåëÿ ïî ñòàòüå 258 ÓÊ ÐÔ nal case against the infringer under article «Íåçàêîííàÿ îõîòà». 258 of Criminal Code of the Russian Fed- eration “Illegal hunting” is considered in the  Áàéäèáåêñêîì ðàéîíå Þæíî- department of Internal Affair of the Kosh- Êàçàõñòàíñêîé îáëàñòè (Êàçàõñòàí) 24 Agach region. ñåíòÿáðÿ 2009 ã. ïîëèöåéñêèå çàäåð- æàëè ëîâöà ñ ïîéìàííûì áàëîáàíîì Policemen were detained a poacher with (Falco cherrug)10. a caught Saker (Falco cherrug) in Baydibek «Â Áàéäèáåêñêèé îòäåë ïîëèöèè ïîñòó- region of the South Kazakhstan district ïèëà èíôîðìàöèÿ î òîì, ÷òî îêîëî îçåðà (Kazakhstan) on 24 September 200910. Êàïøàãàÿ ìóæ÷èíà íåçàêîííî îõîòèòñÿ íà According with the report of press- ïòèö», – ãîâîðèòñÿ â ñîîáùåíèè ïðåññ- service of the department of Internal Arrair ñëóæáû Äåïàðòàìåíòà âíóòðåííèõ äåë of South Kazakhstan district the information Þæíî-Êàçàõñòàíñêîé îáëàñòè. Ïîëèöåé- about a man which illegally hunted on birds ñêèå âûåõàëè íà ìåñòî è âî âðåìÿ îõîòû near the Kapshagay lake has received by the çàäåðæàëè ñ ïîëè÷íûì 47-ëåòíåãî æèòåëÿ Baydibek department of police. Policemen Øûìêåíòà. Èç åãî ìàøèíû ñîòðóäíèêè ïî- left to the lake and during hunting detained ëèöèè èçúÿëè ñîêîëà áàëîáàíà. a man of 47-years old from Shymkent. In his Ïî äàííûì ïðåññ-ñëóæáû, â îòíîøåíèè car policemen found out a saker. ïîäîçðåâàåìîãî âîçáóæäåíî óãîëîâíîå According to the press-service, concern- äåëî â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñî ñòàòüåé 290 ÓÊ Êà- ing suspected a criminal case is excited in çàõñòàíà (Íåçàêîííîå îáðàùåíèå ñ ðåäêè- conformity with article 290 of Criminal Code ìè è íàõîäÿùèìèñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíî- of Kazakhstan (the illegal manipulation with âåíèÿ âèäàìè æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé). rare and endangered species of wildlife).

9 http://asfera.info/news/one-30456.html 10 http://www.kt.kz/index.php?act=arch&lang=rus&uin=1133168020&chapter=1153498125&n_date=2009-09-24 20 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîáûòèÿ

(11) Êîíòàêò Âîñåìü ìîëîäûõ ñîêîëîâ áûëè çàäåð- Âëàäèìèð Ðîìàíîâ æàíû â ã. Ìîñêâà (Ðîññèÿ) 29 ñåíòÿ- Äèðåêòîð Ãîñïèòàëü ïòèö áðÿ 2009 ã. ïðè ïîïûòêå âûâîçà â Ñè- «Çåë¸íûé ïîïóãàé» ðèþ11. òåë.: +7 (495) 671 37 43  íî÷ü ñ 28 íà 29 ñåíòÿáðÿ íà Äîìîäå- [email protected] äîâñêîé òàìîæíå áûëè çàäåðæàíû 8 ñî- www.veterinarian.ru êîëîâ. Ïòèöû áûëè óïàêîâàíû ïî äâå â ôàíåðíûå ÿùèêè, êîòîðûå ïåðåâîçèëèñü â (11) Contact ñóìêàõ ñ îòâåðñòèÿìè, îáåñïå÷èâøèìè õî- Vladimir Romanov ðîøóþ âåíòèëÿöèþ. Âîçìîæíî, ïåðåâîç- Director Hospital for birds ÷èêè îïàñàëèñü ïåðåãðåâà – ïòèöû áûëè “Green Parrot” ïåðåëîæåíû áóòûëêàìè ñî ëüäîì. Ñàïñàíû (Falco peregrinus), çàäåðæàííûå â òåë.: +7 (495) 671 37 43 Äëÿ îöåíêè ñîñòîÿíèÿ çäîðîâüÿ ïòèö è àýðîïîðòó Äîìîäåäîâî. [email protected] îïðåäåëåíèÿ èõ âèäà áûëè âûçâàíû âåòå- Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Â. Ðîìàíîâûì. www.veterinarian.ru ðèíàðíûå äîêòîðà èç ãîñïèòàëÿ ïòèö «Çå- Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) were arrested in ë¸íûé ïîïóãàé». Îðíèòîëîãè ïîÿñíèëè the Domodedovo airport. Photo from V. Romanov. òàìîæåííèêàì, ÷òî ó íèõ íàõîäÿòñÿ ìîëî- äûå ñàïñàíû (Falco peregrinus) ñî ñëåäóþ- Eight young falcons that were tried to ex- ùèìè îòêëîíåíèÿìè îò ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêîé port to Syria were confiscated in Moscow íîðìû: èñòîùåíèå (âî âðåìÿ äëèòåëüíîãî (Russia) on 29 September 200911. íàõîæäåíèÿ â ïåë¸íêàõ ñàïñàíû ïîòåðÿëè At night from 28 to 29 September 8 fal- îêîëî 20% ñâîåãî âåñà), ó îäíîé èç ïòèö cons have been detained in Domodedovo ïðèñóòñòâóþò êëèíè÷åñêèå ïðèçíàêè çà- customs. Birds were packed into plywood áîëåâàíèÿ ïå÷åíè, ó äâóõ äðóãèõ ïòèö – boxes, which were transported in bags with êëèíè÷åñêèå ïðèçíàêè èíâàçèîííûõ çà- apertures provided good ventilation. Prob- áîëåâàíèé. Òàêîå ñîñòîÿíèå ïòèö äîêòîðà ably, carriers were afraid of an overheat – ñâÿçûâàþò ñ íåïðàâèëüíîé ïåðåâîçêîé birds laid with bottles with an ice. ïòèö, èãíîðèðîâàíèåì íîðì ñîäåðæàíèÿ For an estimation of a state of health of ïòèö â íåâîëå: îíè íàõîäèëèñü â ïåë¸íêàõ birds and species identification veterinary áîëåå 14 ÷àñîâ, â òî âðåìÿ êàê íàõîæäå- doctors of the hospital for birds “Green íèå â ïåë¸íêàõ õèùíûõ ïòèö âîçìîæíî parrot” were invited. Ornithologists ex- ëèøü êîðîòêîå âðåìÿ ïîä íàáëþäåíèåì plained customs officers, that confiscated îïûòíîãî ñîêîëüíèêà. bird were young Peregrine falcons (Falco Âåòåðèíàðû ðåêîìåíäîâàëè òùàòåëüíîå peregrinus) with following deviations ïîñëåäóþùåå íàáëþäåíèå çà ñîñòîÿíèåì from normal: an exhaustion (during a long çäîðîâüÿ ïòèö, óñèëåííîå êîðìëåíèå ñî- binding peregrines have lost about 20% êîëîâ è ïîñëå âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ íåçàìåäëè- of the weight), one of birds has clinical at- òåëüíûé âûïóñê èõ íà âîëþ â ïðèðîäíóþ tributes of disease of a liver, at two other ñðåäó îáèòàíèÿ. birds – clinical attributes infection diseas- Ñîêîëà áûëè ïåðåäàíû â ïèòîìíèê ïðè es. Such condition of birds doctors con- ïðàâèòåëüñòâå Ìîñêâû. Ïîñëå äâóõ íåäåëü- nected with wrong transportation of birds íîé ðåàáèëèòàöèè ïòèöû áûëè âûïóùåíû and ignoring of rules for birds keeping in íà âîëþ. captivity. Êîíòàêò (11). Veterinaries recommended careful subse- quent supervision over a state of health of the birds, the strengthened feeding of fal- cons and after rehabilitation they should be immediately released in wild. Falcons have been brought in the nursery at the government of Moscow. The birds were sited free after 2 weeks of rehabilitation. Contact (11).

Ñàïñàíû, çàäåðæàííûå â àýðîïîðòó Äîìîäåäîâî. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Â. Ðîìàíîâûì. Peregrine Falcons were arrested in the Domodedovo airport. Photo from V. Romanov.

11 http://www.veterinarian.ru/article.php?id=708 Events Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 21

MeetingtoDiscusstheStatusandConservationoftheSakerFalcon. ConclusionsandRecommendations.5–7April,2009,AbuDhabi,UAE

РАБОЧЕЕ СОВЕЩАНИЕ, ПОСВЯЩЁННОЕ СТАТУСУ И ОХРАНЕ СОКОЛА БАЛОБАНА. РЕЗОЛЮЦИЯ. 5–7 АПРЕЛЯ 2009, АБУ-ДАБИ, ОАЭ

Ó÷àñòíèêè ñîâåùàíèÿ ïðèøëè ê ñîãëàñèþ, ÷òî îõðàíà áàëîáàíà Participants at the meeting agreed that there (Falco cherrug) ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáùåé êîëëåêòèâíîé è âûñîêîïðèîðèòåòíîé was a shared common goal in that the con- öåëüþ.  ðåçóëüòàòå ñîâåùàíèÿ áûëî ïðèçíàíî, ÷òî ñòàòóñ áàëîáàíà servation of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) è óãðîçû, ñ êîòîðûìè ñòàëêèâàåòñÿ âèä, íåäîñòàòî÷íî èçó÷åíû. is a high priority. The meeting recognises 1. Íåîáõîäèìî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî çàèíòåðåñîâàííûõ ñòîðîí âñåõ that there are major gaps in our knowledge ñòðàí àðåàëà áàëîáàíà ñ öåëüþ ïîâûøåíèÿ ïðèðîäîîõðàííîãî on the status of the Saker Falcon and the ñòàòóñà âèäà, âêëþ÷àÿ ïðèíÿòèå ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ìåð â ðàì- threats faced by the species. êàõ Ìåìîðàíäóìà ïîíèìàíèÿ ïî îõðàíå õèùíûõ ïòèö Áîííñêîé 1. Co-operation between all stakehold- Êîíâåíöèè è â äàëüíåéøåì íåîáõîäèìî ñïîñîáñòâîâàòü òîìó, ers in the Saker range states is required to ÷òîáû âñå ñòðàíû, ãäå ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í áàëîáàí, ïðèñîåäèíèëèñü improve the conservation status of the spe- ê ýòîìó ìåìîðàíäóìó. cies, including undertaking conservation ac- 2. Ó÷àñòíèêè ñîâåùàíèÿ ïîääåðæàëè èíèöèàòèâó Ñàóäîâñêîé tivities under the umbrella of the CMS Birds Àðàâèè ïî ðàçðàáîòêå Ðåãèîíàëüíîãî ïëàíà äåéñòâèé ñîâìåñòíî of Prey MoU and further to encourage all ñ BirdLife Ñðåäíåãî Âîñòîêà, âêëþ÷àÿ êîíå÷íûõ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé â Saker range states to join this MoU. ðåãèîíå ãîñóäàðñòâ-ó÷àñòíèêîâ Ñîâåòà ïî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâó ñòðàí 2. The meeting has supported the Saudi Ïåðñèäñêîãî çàëèâà (GCC). Arabian initiative to develop a regional Ac- 3. BirdLife ïåðåñìîòðèò ñòàòóñ áàëîáàíà â Ìåæäóíàðîäíîì tion Plan together with BirdLife Middle East ñïèñêå óãðîæàåìûõ æèâîòíûõ (IUCN) íà îáùåñòâåííîì ôîðóìå involving end users in the GCC region. îñåíüþ 2009 ã. Âñå çàèíòåðåñîâàííûå ñòîðîíû ïðèãëàøàþòñÿ ê 3. BirdLife is to undertake a review of the ó÷àñòèþ â ýòîì ïðîöåññå. IUCN status of the Saker via public forum in 4.  ðåçóëüòàòå ñîâåùàíèÿ ïðèçíàíî íåîáõîäèìûì: autumn 2009 and we encourage all inter- – îñóùåñòâëÿòü ïðîñâåùåíèå êîíå÷íûõ ïîëüçîâàòåëåé è èí- ested parties to participate in this process. ôîðìèðîâàòü èõ î ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ âîïðîñàõ, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ èñ- 4. The meeting recognises the need to: ïîëüçîâàíèåì äèêèõ áàëîáàíîâ; – educate and inform end-users about the – ïðîâåñòè îöåíêó êîëè÷åñòâà îõîòíèêîâ ñ ñîêîëàìè, à òàêæå conservation issues of using wild-sourced ÷èñëåííîñòè è òèïîâ ñîêîëîâ, èñïîëüçóåìûõ â ðåãèîíå; Sakers; – ïåðåäàòü ýòó èíôîðìàöèþ â ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå èíñòàíöèè/ – quantify the number of falconers and the îðãàíû. number and types of falcons used in the re- 5. Ñïîñîá ðåàëèçàöèè ìíîãîñòîðîííèõ ñîãëàøåíèé ïî îõðàíå gion; âèäà äîëæåí îòðàæàòü ðåàëüíûå ïîòðåáíîñòè îõðàíû áàëîáàíà – and to transmit this information to rele- (âêëþ÷àÿ ðîëü ëåãàëüíîãî óñòîé÷èâîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ è òîðãîâ- vant bodies. ëè), à òàêæå ñîöèàëüíûå, êóëüòóðíûå è ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ïîòðåá- And this could be achieved by encourag- íîñòè ñòîðîí.  ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, âñå ñòîðîíû äîëæíû îòâåòñòâåí- ing the establishment of falconry associa- íî îòíîñèòüñÿ ê îáÿçàòåëüñòâàì ïî äàííûì ñîãëàøåíèÿì. tions in Arab falconry nations. 5. The way MEA’s are applied should re- flect the realities of the needs for Saker con- servation (including the role of legal sus- tainable use and trade), together with the social, cultural and economic needs of the parties. In turn, MEA obligations should be respected by all parties.

Ðîññèéñêî-óêðàèíñêàÿ äåëåãàöèÿ íà ñîâåùàíèè ïî áàëîáàíó â ÎÀÝ. Ñëåâà íà ïðàâî: Àëåêñàíäð Ñîðîêèí, Âèòàëèé Âåòðîâ, Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî, Þðèé Ìèëîáîã, Àëåêñåé Âàéñìàí. Ôîòî Â. Âåòðîâà. The Russian-Ukrainian delegation at the meeting on Saker Falcon in the UAE. From left to right: Alexander Sorokin, Vitaly Vetrov, Elvira Nikolenko, Jury Milobog, Alexey Vajsman. Photo by V. Vetrov. 22 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îáçîðû è êîììåíòàðèè

ReviewsandComments ОБЗОРЫ И КОММЕНТАРИИ

AsianRaptorandConservationNetworksCelebrateda10-year Anniversary–theFirstResults АЗИАТСКОЙ СЕТИ ПО ИЗУЧЕНИЮ И ОХРАНЕ ХИЩНЫХ ПТИЦ ВТОРОЙ ДЕСЯТОК ЛЕТ – ПЕРВЫЕ ИТОГИ ShergalinJ.E.(InternationalWildlifeConsultantsLtd.,Carmarthen,UnitedKingdom) Шергалин Е.Э. (Международное консультационное агентство по охране дикой природы, Кармартен, Великобритания)

Contact:  ïðîøëîì ãîäó Àçèàòñêîé Ñåòè ïî Èçó÷å- In previous year Asian Raptor Research and Jevgeni Shergalin íèþ è Îõðàíå Õèùíûõ ïòèö (Asian Raptor Conservation Network (ARRCN) has cele- International Wildlife 12 Consultants Ltd. Research and Conservation Network, ARRCN) brated its 10-year anniversary and it’s time P.O. Box 19 èñïîëíèëîñü 10 ëåò. Ê ïåðâîìó þáèëåþ óæå already to tell about the first results. Carmarthen ìîæíî ïîäâåñòè ïåðâûå èòîãè. Historically number of professional orni- SA33 5YL Òàê ñëîæèëîñü, ÷òî â Àçèè, ãäå ïðîæèâàåò thologists in Asia where about 60% of all United Kingdom tel.: +44 1267 233 864 60% íàñåëåíèÿ âñåé ïëàíåòû, õèùíûå ïòèöû human population live, was very low while fax: +44 1267 233 934 äî êîíöà XX âåêà îñòàâàëèñü îáúåêòîì èçó- biodiversity is very rich and number of rare [email protected] ÷åíèÿ î÷åíü íåìíîãèõ ëþäåé. Èñòîðè÷åñêè and threatened raptors is very high. In 1998 [email protected] êîëè÷åñòâî îðíèòîëîãîâ-ïðîôåññèîíàëîâ the group of enthusiasts in Japan has de- http://www.falcons.co.uk http://www.mefrg.org áûëî íåâåëèêî, à àðìèÿ îðíèòîëîãîâ- cided to set up an organization for research ëþáèòåëåé è á¸äâîò÷åðîâ, ñòîëü ðàñïðî- and conservation of raptors. From the be- ñòðàí¸ííàÿ íà äðóãèõ êîíòèíåíòàõ, åù¸ íå ginning the main accent was done on Fal- ðàçâèëàñü. Âìåñòå ñ òåì, âî ìíîãèõ òðîïè÷å- coniformes, but later research and conser- ñêèõ è ñóáòðîïè÷åñêèõ îáøèðíûõ ðåãèîíàõ vation was spread on Strigiformes as well. Àçèàòñêîãî êîíòèíåíòà êîëè÷åñòâî ðåäêèõ è Also at initial stage the main attention was èñ÷åçàþùèõ âèäîâ ïòèö, âêëþ÷àÿ õèùíûõ, devoted to the countries of South-East Asia çíà÷èòåëüíî, ÷òî áåçîòëàãàòåëüíî è íàñòîÿ- with a richer biodiversity, but later all oth- òåëüíî òðåáîâàëî ñîçäàíèÿ îòäåëüíîé îðãà- er regions of Asia was gradually involved. íèçàöèè äëÿ èõ îõðàíû è èçó÷åíèÿ. Japan became the country-host of the first  1998 ã. ãðóïïà ÿïîíñêèõ ýíòóçèàñòîâ Symposium of ARRCN in December 1999. ðåøèëà ñîçäàòü òàêóþ îðãàíèçàöèþ. Ïåðâî- The second symposium was held in 2000 in íà÷àëüíî ïëàíèðîâàëîñü çàíèìàòüñÿ â íåé Bandung in Indonesia; the 3rd – in autumn òîëüêî äíåâíûìè õèùíûìè ïòèöàìè, íî 2003 in national part Kenting in Taiwan; the ïîçæå áûëî ðåøåíî îõâàòèòü è ñîâ. Òàêæå fourth – in autumn 2005 in Taiping in Ma- ñ ñàìîãî íà÷àëà ãëàâíûì îáúåêòîì âíèìà- laysia and the fifth in National Park Tam Dao íèÿ ñòàëè, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, ñòðàíû Þãî- in the North of Vietnam. Last three sympo- Íàáëþäåíèå çà ìèãðè- Âîñòî÷íîé Àçèè â ñèëó èõ áîëåå áîãàòîãî sia were held during bird migration peri- ðóþùèìè ïåðíàòûìè áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ, íî ïîçæå áûëî ïðèíÿ- ods and within their frame the excursions õèùíèêàìè â õîäå òî ðåøåíèå îõâàòèòü âñþ Àçèþ öåëèêîì to the “bottleneck” were organized where ñåìèíàðà íà IV Ñèì- ïîçèóìå ïî Àçèàòñêèì participants could see and count migrating ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì â raptors. Weather was always in favor of ex- 2005 ã. â Ìàëàéçèè. cursions excepting symposium in Malaysia Ôîòî Îîé Áåíã ßí. when it was raining. It’s easy to imagine Observing raptors disappointment of Organizing Committee during migration who prepared this event more than a year! workshop. The 4th Symposium on Asian Abstracts books with programs were pub- Raptors. Malaysia 2005. lished by all Symposia, and on the base of Photo by Ooi Beng presentations and posters of the 1st, 2nd and Yean. 4th Symposium the Proceedings were pub- 12 http://www5b.biglobe.ne.jp/~raptor/ lished as well. Reviews and Comments Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 23

â ïðåäåëàõ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ãðàíèö ýòîãî êîíòèíåíòà. Ïîýòîìó âïîëíå çàêîíîìåðíî, ÷òî ßïîíèÿ, êàê ñòðàíà, â êîòîðîé ðàñïîëî- æèëàñü øòàá-êâàðòèðà íîâîé îðãàíèçàöèè, ñòàëà õîçÿéêîé ïåðâîãî ñèìïîçèóìà, áëåñòÿ- ùå ïðîâåä¸ííîãî â äåêàáðå 1999 ã. Âòîðîé ñèìïîçèóì ñîñòîÿëñÿ â 2000 ã. â ãîðîäå Áàí- äóíã íà îñòðîâå ßâà â Èíäîíåçèè; òðåòèé – îñåíüþ 2003 ã. â íàöèîíàëüíîì ïàðêå Êåí- òèíã íà îñòðîâå Òàéâàíü; ÷åòâ¸ðòûé – îñåíüþ Ìèãðèðóþùèå ÿñòðåáèíûå ñàðû÷è (Butastur indicus). 2005 ã. â ìåñòå÷êå Òàéïèíã, ÷òî â 350 êì ê Ôîòî Êîððè ×åíà. ñåâåðó îò ã. Êóàëà-Ëóìïóð â Ìàëàéçèè è ïÿ- Migrating Grey-faced Buzzards (Butastur indicus). òûé – â Íàöèîíàëüíîì ïàðêå «Òàì Äàî» âî Photo by Corry Chen. Âüåòíàìå â àïðåëå 2008 ã. Òàê ñëîæèëîñü, ÷òî âñå ïðåäûäóùèå ñèìïîçèóìû ïðîõîäè- At the present time this organization in- ëè â ïåðèîäû ìèãðàöèé ïòèö, è â èõ ðàìêàõ cludes about 180 members. Russia is rep- îðãàíèçîâûâàëèñü ýêñêóðñèè ê «áóòûëî÷íûì resented by Prof. Dr. Vladimir Galushin and ãîðëûøêàì», ãäå âñå ó÷àñòíèêè ìîãëè ñàìè Dr. Igor Fefelov. Number of member increases óáåäèòüñÿ â èíòåíñèâíîñòè ïðîë¸òà. Ïîãîäà steadily but very slowly and this is very pity âñåãäà áëàãîïðèÿòñòâîâàëà íàáëþäåíèÿì, because the territory of Asia compiles one êðîìå îäíîãî åäèíñòâåííîãî ñëó÷àÿ â Ìà- third part of the total global land surface and ëàéçèè, êîãäà âo âðåìÿ ýêñêóðñèè ø¸ë ïðî- Asia has the biggest and the most densely ëèâíîé òðîïè÷åñêèé äîæäü, è ó÷àñòíèêàì populated countries of the world. However ïî÷òè íå ïðèøëîñü âûõîäèòü èç àâòîáóñà – Asia is famous by diversity of languages and ÷åðåç ïîòîêè âîäû çà çàïîòåâøèìè îêíàìè modesty of many nations that is an obstacle íèêîìó íè÷åãî íå óäàëîñü ðàçãëÿäåòü. Ìîæ- in communication. In majority the members íî ñåáå ïðåäñòàâèòü ðàññòðîéñòâî îðãêîìè- of ARRCN are not professional ornithologists, òåòà, êîòîðûé èíòåíñèâíî ãîòîâèëñÿ ê ýòîìó but amateurs who conduct their studies at ìåðîïðèÿòèþ áîëåå ãîäà! their free time. At the same time studying Êî âñåì 5-òè ñèìïîçèóìàì âûõîäèëè one an the same species during 20–30 years ñáîðíèêè òåçèñîâ ñ ïðîãðàììîé, à ïî ìà- in turn they have reached professional level òåðèàëàì âñåõ äîêëàäîâ è ïîñòåðîâ 1-ãî, and that is not occasional that for plenary lec- 2-ãî è 4-ãî ñèìïîçèóìîâ íàïå÷àòàíû òàê- tures of ARRCN symposia the most famous æå è òðóäû îòäåëüíûìè êíèãàìè. raptor experts throughout the world are in-  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ýòà îðãàíèçàöèÿ îõâà- viting on a regular base. President of ARRCN òûâàåò îêîëî 180 ÷ëåíîâ. Ðîññèÿ ïðåäñòàâ- is Dr. Toru Yamazaki – vet by profession and ëåíà Âëàäèìèðîì Ãàëóøèíûì è Èãîðåì Ôå- specialist who studies more than 20 years ôåëîâûì. ×èñëî ÷ëåíîâ îðãàíèçàöèè ðàñò¸ò the population of the Golden Eagle (Aquila î÷åíü ìåäëåííî, ÷òî î÷åíü æàëü, òàê êàê chrysaetos) and Hodgson’s Mountain Eagle òåððèòîðèÿ ðåãèîíà è íàðîäîíàñåëåíèå âî- (Spizaetus nipalensis) in Shiba Prefecture in èñòèíó ðåêîðäíîå ñðåäè äðóãèõ êîíòèíåí- the central part of Japan. òîâ. Îäíàêî Àçèÿ ñëàâèòñÿ ðàçíîîáðàçèåì An atmosphere of al ARRCN symposia ÿçûêîâ è ñêðîìíîñòüþ ìíîãèõ íàðîäîâ, ÷òî should be stressed especially. They are con- çíà÷èòåëüíî îñëîæíÿåò ëþáîå îáùåíèå.  ducting in atmosphere of friendship and áîëüøèíñòâå ñâî¸ì ÷ëåíû ARRCN – ýòî íå brothership, joy and trust, making them ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûå îðíèòîëîãè, à ëþáèòåëè, very specific gatherings. êîòîðûå ïðîâîäÿò íàáëþäåíèÿ çà ïòèöàìè â Number of dedicated students from Indo- ñâîáîäíîå îò îñíîâíîé ðàáîòû âðåìÿ. Ñëå- nesia is growing very rapidly and this is very äóåò çàìåòèòü, ÷òî, èçó÷àÿ îäíè è òå æå âèäû important because there is a high number ïî 20–30 ëåò, îíè äîñòèãëè âïîëíå ïðîôåñ- of threatened birds of prey – endemics of ñèîíàëüíîãî óðîâíÿ, è íå ñëó÷àéíî, ÷òî íà many islands of Indonesia. îòêðûòèå ñèìïîçèóìîâ êàê àâòîðû ïëåíàð- Activity of many young people from Tai- íûõ äîêëàäîâ ïðèãëàøàþòñÿ ñâåòèëà ìèðî- wan is also striking. Director of Information âîé îðíèòîëîãèè ïî õèùíûì ïòèöàì. Îðãà- Center is Mr. Mike Chong of Kuala-Lumpur íèçàöèþ âîò óæå áîëåå 10 ëåò áåññìåííî and tour-leader of birdwatching company âîçãëàâëÿåò Äîêòîð Òîðó ßìàçàêè – âåòåðè- was an editor of the first 3 numbers of Infor- íàð ïî îáðàçîâàíèþ è ñïåöèàëèñò, èçó÷àþ- mation Newsletter of ARRCN «Asian Raptors». ùèé óæå áîëåå 20 ëåò ïîïóëÿöèþ áåðêóòà At the present time information newsletters (Aquila chrysaetos) è âîñòî÷íîãî õîõëàòîãî on several pages are circulating only among 24 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îáçîðû è êîììåíòàðèè

îðëà (Spisaetus nipalensis) â ïðåôåêòóðå ARRCN members via electronic mail 1–2 Øèáà â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè ßïîíèè. times per year. Organization has own closed Îñîáî ñëåäóåò ïîä÷åðêíóòü äðóæåñêóþ mailing/discussion list and only members of àòìîñôåðó âñåõ ñèìïîçèóìîâ ARRCN, òàê ARRCN have a right to be subscribed. êàê íè íà îäíîé äðóãîé êîíôåðåíöèè â On all previous symposia Org Committee äðóãèõ ÷àñòÿõ ñâåòà íåò òàêîé îáñòàíîâêè has offered student grants on competition èñêðåííîñòè, äîâåðèÿ, ðàäîñòè è äðóæáû, base, covering wholly or partly travel (the êàê íà ýòèõ âñòðå÷àõ. cheapest option) costs and visa arrange- Àêòèâíåéøåå ó÷àñòèå â ðàáîòå îðãàíè- ments. Fate of «travel grants» for the 6th çàöèè ïðèíèìàþò ñòóäåíòû èç Èíäîíåçèè, Symposium is under big question, but ÷èñëî êîòîðûõ ðàñò¸ò ñ êàæäûì ãîäîì, è neighborhood of Mongolia to the borders ýòî ñîâåðøåííî íå ñëó÷àéíî, ïðèíèìàÿ of Russia and Kazakhstan facilitates task for âî âíèìàíèå âíóøèòåëüíîå êîëè÷åñòâî âè- many colleagues from these countries. Sym- äîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö-ýíäåìèêîâ íà îñòðîâàõ posium in Mongolia in the first time will be Çîíäñêîãî àðõèïåëàãà. Äëÿ ìíîãèõ õèùíûõ dedicated not to migratory aspects of birds ïòèö Ñåâåðíîãî ïîëóøàðèÿ Èíäîíåçèÿ ÿâ- of prey, but to their breeding ecology. ëÿåòñÿ ñòðàíîé, ãäå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Russia and Asiatic republics of the ex-USSR ðàçâîðà÷èâàþòñÿ è íà÷èíàþò ñâîé äîëãèé unfortunately until recent times participated ïóòü äîìîé. Ïðèìå÷àòåëüíî, ÷òî ìíîãèå very insufficiently in ARRCN work (only three ñòóäåíòû Èíäîíåçèè ñâîáîäíî ãîâîðÿò íà presentations for the first 10 years). Author íåñêîëüêèõ ÿçûêàõ, âêëþ÷àÿ ÿïîíñêèé. has translated the main publications on rap- Òàêæå áðîñàåòñÿ â ãëàçà àêòèâíîñòü ìîëî- tors from Asian part of the ex-USSR from äûõ ëþäåé èç Òàéâàíÿ. Äèðåêòîðîì èíôîð- Russian into English and has circulated them ìàöèîííîãî öåíòðà îðãàíèçàöèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ among some active groups of ARRCN. Let us ã-í Ìàéê ×îíã – æèòåëü Êóàëà-Ëóìïóðà è hope that at last the colleagues from Russia òóð-ëèäåð íåñêîëüêèõ á¸äâîò÷èíãîâñêèõ and Central-Asiatic countries will participate êîìïàíèé ïî ñîâìåñòèòåëüñòâó. Îí æå áûë very actively in the 6th ARRCN Symposium. ðåäàêòîðîì ïåðâûõ òð¸õ âûïóñêîâ Èíôîð- ìàöèîííîãî áþëëåòåíÿ «Asian Raptors», êî- òîðûå ïîçæå ïåðåñòàëè ïå÷àòàòüñÿ èç-çà íå- õâàòêè âðåìåíè ó ðåäàêòîðà, âûïîëíÿâøåãî ñâîþ ðàáîòó íà àáñîëþòíî äîáðîâîëüíûõ è íåîïëà÷èâàåìûõ íà÷àëàõ.  íàñòîÿùåå âðå- ìÿ èíôîðìàöèîííûå áþëëåòåíè íà íåñêîëü- êèõ ñòðàíèöàõ ðàñïðîñòðàíÿþòñÿ òîëüêî ñðåäè ÷ëåíîâ îðãàíèçàöèè ïî ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òå 1–2 ðàçà â ãîä. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ âëàäååò çàêðûòûì ëèñòîì ðàññûëêè, ïîäïèñàòüñÿ íà êîòîðûé ìîæíî òîëüêî ñòàâ å¸ ÷ëåíîì. Íà âñåõ ïðåäûäóùèõ ñèìïîçèóìàõ îðã- êîìèòåò ïðåäëàãàë ó÷àñòíèêàì íà êîíêóðñ- Ïðîñìîòð ñòåíäîâûõ ñîîáùåíèé íà IV Ñèìïîçèóìå íîé îñíîâå ñòóäåí÷åñêèå ãðàíòû, ïîêðûâà- ïî Àçèàòñêèì ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì â 2005 ã. â Ìà- þùèå ïîëíîñòüþ èëè ÷àñòè÷íî ðàñõîäû íà ëàéçèè. Ôîòî Îîé Áåíã ßí. äîðîãó è îôîðìëåíèå âèç. Ñóäüáà «òðàâåë Viewing poster presentation in the 4th Symposium on ãðàíòîâ» äëÿ 6-ãî ñèìïîçèóìà ïîêà ïîä âî- Asian Raptors in Malaysia in 2005. Photo by Ooi Beng Yean. ïðîñîì, íî áëèçîñòü Ìîíãîëèè ê ãðàíèöàì Ðîññèè è Êàçàõñòàíà óïðîùàåò çàäà÷ó äëÿ Çà ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò íà ñèìïîçèóìû ARRCN ìíîãèõ êîëëåã èç ýòèõ ñòðàí. Ìîíãîëüñêèé èç Ðîññèè ïðåäñòàâëåíî òîëüêî òðè äîêëàäà. ñèìïîçèóì âïåðâûå áóäåò ïîñâÿù¸í ãëàâ- Åù¸ íåñêîëüêî ãëàâíûõ ïóáëèêàöèé ïî õèù- íûì îáðàçîì íå ìèãðàöèoííûì àñïåêòàì íûì ïòèöàì àçèàòñêîé ÷àñòè áûâøåãî ÑÑÑÐ õèùíûõ ïòèö, à èõ ãíåçäîâîé ýêîëîãèè. áûëè ïåðåâåäåíû àâòîðîì ñ ðóññêîãî ÿçû- Ðîññèÿ è àçèàòñêèå ðåñïóáëèêè áûâøåãî êà íà àíãëèéñêèé è ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû ñðåäè ÑÑÑÐ, ê ñîæàëåíèþ, äî ñèõ ïîð ïðèíèìà- íåêîòîðûõ àêòèâíûõ ãðóïï ARRCN. Îäíàêî ëè î÷åíü ñëàáîå ó÷àñòèå â ðàáîòå ARRCN â âðåìåíà ìåíÿþòñÿ, è òåïåðü õî÷åòñÿ íàäå- ñèëó íåñêîëüêèõ ïðè÷èí: ìàëîãî êîëè÷åñòâà ÿòüñÿ, ÷òî â òàêîé ñîñåäñêîé è äðóæåñòâåí- ïðîôåññèîíàëîâ â ýòèõ ðåãèîíàõ, èç-çà ÿçû- íîé ñòðàíå, êàê Ìîíãîëèÿ, ðîññèéñêèå êîë- êîâîãî áàðüåðà, èç-çà äîðîãîâèçíû áèëåòîâ ëåãè ñìîãóò ïðèíÿòü àêòèâíåéøåå ó÷àñòèå è â ñòðàíû, ãäå ïðîõîäèëè ïðåäûäóùèå ñèìïî- ïîäåëèòüñÿ ñâîèì îïûòîì è íàðàáîòêàìè â çèóìû è èç-çà íåðàçâèòîñòè ñåòè Èíòåðíåò. îáëàñòè èçó÷åíèÿ è îõðàíû õèùíûõ ïòèö. Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 25

RaptorConservation ОХРАНА ПЕРНАТЫХ ХИЩНИКОВ

ResultsoftheUralOwlandTawnyOwlAttractingintoNestboxes intheSamaraDistrict,Russia РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЯ НЕЯСЫТЕЙ В ИСКУССТВЕННЫЕ ГНЁЗДА В САМАРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ KaryakinI.V.(CenterofFieldStudies,N.Novgorod,Russia) LevashkinA.P.(StatePedagogicalUniversity,RussianBirdConservationUnion, N.NovgorodBranch,Russia) PazhenkovA.S.,KorzhevD.A.(Volga-UralECONETAssistanceCenter,Samara,Russia) Карякин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н. Новгород, Россия) Левашкин А.П. (Нижегородский педагогический университет, Нижегородское отделение Союза охраны птиц России, Н. Новгород, Россия) Паженков А.С., Коржев Д.А. (Центр содействия Волго-Уральской экологической сети, Самара, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Àáñòðàêò Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí  ñòàòüå îáîáùåíû ðåçóëüòàòû ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ äëèííîõâîñòîé (Strix uralensis) è ñåðîé (S. aluco) Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ íåÿñûòåé â èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè.  2007–2008 ãã. áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî 74 ãíåçäîâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ÿùèêà íà ÷åòûð¸õ ïëîùàäêàõ.  2009 ã. ðàçëè÷íûìè âèäàìè æèâîòíûõ çàíèìàëîñü 56,76% ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ, 603000 Ðîññèÿ èç êîòîðûõ àáñîëþòíîå áîëüøèíñòâî çàíèìàëà äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (41,89%). Èç çàíÿòûõ äëèííîõâîñòûìè Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä íåÿñûòÿìè ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ (n=31) óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå ê ìîìåíòó îêîí÷àíèÿ ïðîâåðêè çàðåãèñòðèðî- óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17 âàíî â 67,74% ÿùèêîâ. Ðàçìåð êëàäêè ñîñòàâèë 1–4 ÿéöà, â ñðåäíåì (n=10) 2,4±1,26 ÿéöà. Ðàçìåð âûâîäêà òåë.: +7 831 433 38 47 ñîñòàâèë 1–6 ïòåíöîâ, â ñðåäíåì (n=14) 2,71±1,44 ïòåíöà. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó óñòàíîâëåííûìè ãíåçäîâûìè [email protected] ÿùèêàìè íà ðàçíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ èçìåíÿåòñÿ îò 0,1 äî 3,07 êì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (n=62) 1,11±0,62 êì. Äèñ- òàíöèÿ ìåæäó ÿùèêàìè, çàíÿòûìè äëèííîõâîñòûìè íåÿñûòÿìè â 2009 ã., âàðüèðóåò îò 0,55 äî 3,19 êì, ñî- ñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (n=23) 1,5±0,65 êì. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó öåíòðàìè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè Àëåêñåé Ëåâàøêèí íà ïëîùàäêàõ â 2008 ã. ñîñòàâèëà 0,53–4,67 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=23) 1,42±0,89 êì. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó öåíòðàìè Íèæåãîðîäñêîå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè íà ïëîùàäêàõ 2 è 3 â 2009 ã., ïîñëå ïðîâåäåíèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî îòäåëåíèå ÑÎÏÐ óñòàíîâêå ÿùèêîâ, ñîñòàâèëà 0,55–3,44 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=28) 1,44±0,67 êì. Ïîñëå ïðîâåäåíèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèé 603009 Ðîññèÿ ïî ðàçâåøèâàíèþ ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ íà ó÷àñòêàõ íåÿñûòåé ðàçíûå ïàðû ïî-ðàçíîìó îòðåàãèðîâàëè íà ïðè- Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä âëå÷åíèå: (n=34) 41,18% ïàð ñìåíèëè ñâîè åñòåñòâåííûå ãí¸çäà íà èñêóññòâåííûå, 20,59% – ðàçìíîæàëèñü íà óë. Áîí÷-Áðóåâè÷à, 1–56 ó÷àñòêàõ ñ óñòàíîâëåííûìè ÿùèêàìè â ñâîèõ ïðåæíèõ ãí¸çäàõ (ïðè ýòîì 8,82% ïàð ïîñåùàëè óñòàíîâëåííûå òåë.: +7 831 464 30 96 ÿùèêè, ëèáî çàíèìàëè èõ äî íà÷àëà êëàäêè, à 11,76% ïàð èãíîðèðîâàëè ÿùèêè). ìîá.: +7 952 781 71 98 Ñåðóþ íåÿñûòü óäàëîñü âñòðåòèòü ëèøü íà îäíîé ïëîùàäêå – åäèíñòâåííûé ãíåçäîâîé ÿùèê äëÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè [email protected] áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà îêàçàëñÿ çàíÿòûì ýòèìè ñîâàìè íà âòîðîé ãîä ïîñëå óñòàíîâêè, îäíàêî óñïåøíîãî ðàçìíî- æåíèÿ íå îòìå÷åíî. Àëåêñåé Ïàæåíêîâ Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ñîâû, ñåðàÿ íåÿñûòü, äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü, Strix uralensis, Strix aluco, áèîòåõíè÷åñêèå Öåíòð ñîäåéñòâèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ, ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè, ãíåçäîâàÿ áèîëîãèÿ. «Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîé ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè» Abstract Ðîññèÿ 443045 The article summarizes results of actions on attraction of the Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) and the Tawny Owl (S. aluco) Ñàìàðà, à/ÿ 8001 into nestboxes in the Samara District in 2007–2009. A total of 74 nestboxes in 4 study plots were installed in [email protected] 2007–2008. Different species of birds and animals occupied 56.76% of nestboxes in 2009, the most of the m was occupied by the Ural Owl (41.89%). Successful breeding at the end of nestbox inspection was registered in 67.74% of boxes (n=31) occupied by the Ural Owl. The average clutch size was 2.4±1.26 eggs (n=10; range 1–4 eggs). The average brood size was 2.71±1.44 chicks (n=14; range 1–6 chicks). The distance between the installed nestboxes in different plots varied from 0.1 to 3.07 km (n=62), 1.11±0.62 km at average. The distance between the boxes oc- cupied by the Ural Owl in 2009 ranged from 0.55 to 3.19 km (n=23), 1.5±0.65 km at average. The average distance between the nearest neighbors for the Ural Owl in the plots in 2008 was 1.42±0.89 km (n=23; range 0.53–4.67 km). After carrying out of actions on attraction of the Ural Owl into nestboxes in 2009 this distance became 1.44±0.67 km (n=28; range 0.55–3.44 km). After actions on the nestbox installing on breeding territories of the Ural Owl different pairs have differently reacted: (n=34) 41.18% of pairs have leaved the natural nests for boxes, 20.59% have not used boxes for the breeding preferring their own nests (thus 8.82% of pairs visited the installed boxes or occupied them before the beginning of a laying, and 11.76% of pairs ignored boxes). Tawny Owl was noted only on one plot. The single nestbox for the Tawny Owl with big size has occupied by owls for 2-nd year after installation, however successful breeding is not noted. Keywords: Owls, Tawny Owl, Ural Owl, Strix uralensis, Strix aluco, nestboxes, breeding biology. 26 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Contact: Ââåäåíèå Introduction Igor Karyakin  2005 ã. Öåíòðîì ñîäåéñòâèÿ «Âîëãî- In 2005 the Volga-Ural ECONET Assist- Center of Field Studies Korolenko str., 17a–17 Óðàëüñêîé ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ñåòè» (ÖÑ «ÂÓÝÑ», ance Center (Samara) and the Ecological Nizhniy Novgorod ã. Ñàìàðà) è Ýêîöåíòðîì «Äðîíò» (ã. Í. Íîâ- Center “Dront” (N. Novgorod) under the 603000 Russia ãîðîä) ïî çàäàíèþ Ìèíèñòåðñòâà ïðèðîä- order of the Ministry of Environment and tel.: +7 831 433 38 47 íûõ ðåñóðñîâ è îõðàíû îêðóæàþùåé ñðå- Natural Resources of the Samara district de- [email protected] äû Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè (äîãîâîð ¹1/109 veloped the Program “Recovering of Rap- Alexey Levashkin îò 30.11.2005 ã.) ðàçðàáîòàíà Ïðîãðàì- tors Number in the Territory of the Samara The N.Novgorod ìà «Âîññòàíîâëåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè õèùíûõ District for 2005–2010”. Within the Program Branch of the Russian ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè íà several key species for increase the poten- Bird Conservation Union 2005–2010 ãã.», â êîòîðîé ïðåäóñìîòðåíû tial nest sites (Pazhenkov, Karyakin, 2007) Bonch-Bruevich str., îáøèðíûå áèîòåõíè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ.  has been chosen. The Tawny Owl (Strix alu- 1–56 2007 ã. ðàáîòà ïî äàííîé ïðîãðàììå íà÷à- co) and the Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) have N.Novgorod ëà ðåàëèçîâûâàòüñÿ (Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé êîí- recognized as such key species. 603009 Russia tel.: +7 831 464 30 96 òðàêò ¹32 îò 10.07.2007 ã. ìåæäó Ìèíè- mob.: +7 952 781 71 98 ñòåðñòâîì ïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóðñîâ è îõðàíû Methods [email protected] îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè è Goals Ôîíäîì ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé ðåàáè- 1. Develop a technique of attraction of the Aleksey Pazhenkov The Volga-Ural ECONET ëèòàöèè Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè).  ðàìêàõ ðå- Ural Owl and the Tawny Owl into nestboxes Assistance Centre àëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììû áûë âûáðàí ðÿä êëþ- in the territory of the Samara district. P.O. Box 8001 ÷åâûõ âèäîâ, äëÿ óâåëè÷åíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè, 2. Define optimum distribution of nest- Samara Russia 443045 êîòîðûõ ðåàëèçîâàíû îïðåäåë¸ííûå áèî- boxes in forest-steppe and steppe zones of [email protected] òåõíè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, â ÷àñòíîñòè the Samara district. ïðîâåäåíà öåëåâàÿ ðàáîòà ïî óâåëè÷åíèþ 3. Find out how such actions increase the âèäîñïåöèôè÷åñêîãî ãíåçäîâîãî ôîíäà number of species in a zone of their realiza- (Ïàæåíêîâ, Êàðÿêèí, 2007).  êà÷åñòâå tion. êëþ÷åâûõ âèäîâ áûëè âûáðàíû ñåðàÿ (Strix Nestbox Designs aluco) è äëèííîõâîñòàÿ (Strix uralensis) For the Ural Owl nestboxes of two differ- íåÿñûòè. Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü, íåñìî- ent sizes (fig. 1) were made: òðÿ íà ñâîþ îáû÷íîñòü è áëàãîïîëó÷íûé 1. Small nestbox (all sizes in sm): height ñòàòóñ â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè, èñïûòûâàåò – 70, entrance (hereinafter height and width îïðåäåë¸ííûé ëèìèò ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ of entrance) – 35õ30, bottom – 30õ30. äåðåâüåâ, òàê êàê íà áîëüøåé òåððèòîðèè 2. Large nestbox: height – 70, entrance – îáëàñòè ïðåäïî÷èòàåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ â äóïëàõ. 30õ40, bottom – 40õ40. Êàê ïîêàçûâàåò îïûò ìíîãèõ ïðîåêòîâ ïî For the Tawny Owl nestboxes of two dif- ïðèâëå÷åíèþ íåÿñûòåé â èñêóññòâåííûå ferent size were made: 3. Small nestbox: height – 35, entrance – Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü 10õ30, bottom – 30õ25. (Strix uralensis). Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. 4. Large nestbox: height – 40, entrance – 15õ25, a bottom – 25õ25. Ural Owl (Strix uralensis). In total of 74 nestboxes were installed in Photo by A. Levashkin. plots : 56 – for the Ural Owl (small boxes - 13, large boxes – 43) and 18 – for the Tawny Owl (small boxes – 8, large boxes – 10). Boxes were installed on trees near to the edge of forest in the middle or bottom part of a tree at height 4–11 m. Plots For goal achievements in Stavropol, Kras- noyarsk, Kinel, Samara and Krasnoarmeysk regions 4 plots were chosen in 4 typical complexes of forest-steppe and the north of a steppe zone of the Samara district (fig. 2). The first 3 plots were chosen for attraction of the Ural Owl, 4th – for attraction of the Tawny Owl. Before the nestbox installing we carried out registrations of owls on autumn display- mating vocalizations in plots in September, Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 27

ãí¸çäà, ñîâû îõîòíî çàíèìàþò àíàëîãè 2008. Thus we revealed distribution of äóïåë – ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè ðàçëè÷íûõ êîí- breeding pairs occupied natural nests. After ñòðóêöèé, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò èì îñâàèâàòü òå that we developed the scheme of installa- òåððèòîðèè, ãäå ðàíåå ïî êàêèì-ëèáî ïðè- tion of nestboxes to cover all habitats suit- ÷èíàì îíè íå ãíåçäèëèñü (Ëåâàøêèí, 2006; able for owls uniformly. We included in the 2008; Àíäðååíêîâ è äð., 2008). Äëèííîõ- scheme as real breeding territories of owls âîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü èãðàåò «ñàíèòàðíóþ» ðîëü where successful breeding was registered in â åñòåñòâåííûõ î÷àãàõ ãåìîððàãè÷åñêîé 2008, as potential habitats where owls had ëèõîðàäêè, óíè÷òîæàÿ ìàññîâûå âèäû ìû- not been revealed. øåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, ÷òî äåëàåò êðàéíå Plot 1. – A large forest with linden domi- àêòóàëüíîé ðàáîòó ïî å¸ ïðèâëå÷åíèþ â nating and artificial forest fragments at ðÿäå ðàéîíîâ. Ýòî â îñíîâíîì è ÿâèëîñü the age of to 50 years, the area 5.88 êì2, ïðè÷èíîé å¸ âûáîðà äëÿ ðåàëèçàöèè ìå- stretched by a strip from 200 up to 1500 m ðîïðèÿòèé. Ñåðàÿ íåÿñûòü – êëàññè÷åñêèé on the side of the Suskan gulf of the Kuyby- äóïëîãí¸çäíèê, è â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ èñïû- shevskiy water reservoir. The forest is sur- òûâàåò ÿâñòâåííóþ òåíäåíöèþ ê ñîêðàùå- rounded by agriculture lands and isolated íèþ ÷èñëåííîñòè íå òîëüêî â Ñàìàðñêîé from large forests on 20–30 km. A high de- îáëàñòè (Êàðÿêèí, Ïàæåíêîâ, 2008), íî è gree of human disturbance is noted. Moni- âî âñ¸ì Ïîâîëæüå (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2008), toring that territory since 1999 we did not ïîýòîìó óâåëè÷åíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè å¸ ãíåç- noted Ural Owls before the beginning of äîâîé ïîïóëÿöèè – ïðèîðèòåòíàÿ ïðèðî- nestbox installing. äîîõðàííàÿ çàäà÷à. Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî We installed 4 nestboxes for the Ural Owl â îñíîâå ïðè÷èí ñîêðàùåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè of the big size in 2008. The average distance ñåðîé íåÿñûòè ëåæàò ïðÿìûå êîíêóðåíò- between nestboxes was 1.76±0.29 km (n=3; íûå îòíîøåíèÿ ñ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñû- range 1.51–2.07 km). All nested boxes were òüþ, â òîì ÷èñëå è êîíêóðåíöèÿ çà äóïëà. installed near the forest border on distance Èìåííî ïîýòîìó çàäà÷à ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ ñå- of 40–120 m from a field, mainly on oaks ðîé íåÿñûòè ìîæåò ðåøàòüñÿ ñîçäàíèåì (table 1, fig. 3). ãíåçäîâîãî ôîíäà, êîòîðûé íå áóäåò èñ- Plot 2. – A large forest consisting of 4 ïîëüçîâàí äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòüþ â ñèëó large clusters with a total area of 149.36 êì2 êîíñòðóêòèâíûõ îñîáåííîñòåé èëè áèîòî- alternates with pastures and fields. Pine in ïè÷åñêîé íåïðèâëåêàòåëüíîñòè. the age of 80 years dominates, it is rather cross-country with deep ravines. The level Ìåòîäèêà of human disturbance is low. Following data Öåëè è çàäà÷è of records in 2008 the density of the Ural 1. Îòðàáîòàòü ìåòîäèêó ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ Owl was 0.47 pairs/1 km2 of forest. In to- äëèííîõâîñòîé è ñåðîé íåÿñûòåé â èñêóñ- tal of 19 breeding territories (9 broods, 3 ñòâåííûå ãí¸çäà íà òåððèòîðèè Ñàìàðñêîé vocalizing pairs and 7 males uttered mat- îáëàñòè. ing calls) were recorded in 4 forest clusters 2. Îïðåäåëèòü îïòèìàëüíûå ñõåìû ðàç- of the plot. The average distance between ìåùåíèÿ ãíåçäîâèé â ëåñîñòåïíîé è ñòåï- nearest neighbors was 1.45±1.03 km (n=15; íîé çîíå Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè. range 0.53–4.67 km). 3. Âûÿñíèòü, íàñêîëüêî ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ We installed 7 nestboxes of small size for óâåëè÷èâàþò ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà â çîíå èõ the Ural Owl in 2007. The average distance ðåàëèçàöèè. between nestboxes was 0.68±0.20 km (n=6; Êîíñòðóêöèè range 0.45–1.03 km). All nested boxes Äëÿ ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñû- were installed on the border of a forest on òè áûëè èçãîòîâëåíû ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè äâóõ the distance of 110–340 m from a pasture, ðàçìåðíûõ êëàññîâ (ðèñ. 1): on oaks and pines. 1. ÿùèêè ìàëîãî ðàçìåðà (çäåñü è äàëåå â In 2008 we installed 26 nestboxes of big ñì): âûñîòà – 70, ëåòîê (çäåñü è äàëåå âûñî- size for the Ural Owl. The average distance be- òà è øèðèíà ëåòêà) – 35õ30, äíî – 30õ30. tween nestboxes was 1.51±0.66 km (n=23; 2. ÿùèêè áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà: âûñîòà – 70, range 0.94–3.07 km). 18 nested boxes were ëåòîê – 30õ40, äíî – 40õ40. installed on the border of forest on the dis- Äëÿ ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè áûëè tance of 20–280 m from fields and pastures èçãîòîâëåíû ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè äâóõ ðàç- and 8 boxes – inside forest on near the ìåðíûõ êëàññîâ: small open plots, mainly on pines and 3. ÿùèêè ìàëîãî ðàçìåðà: âûñîòà – 35, oaks (table 1, fig. 3). ëåòîê – 10õ30, äíî – 30õ25. Plot 3. – Very fragmented forest with the 28 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

linden domination consisting of three clus- ters with a total area of 39.93 êì2, is locates on watersheds of small rivers on the right side of the Kinel river. The forest is sur- rounded mainly by fields. The level of hu- man disturbance is low. According to counts of 2008 the density of the Ural Owl was 0.49 pairs/1 km2 of forest. In total 10 breed- ing territories (3 broods, 4 vocalizing pairs and 3 males uttered mating calls) were not- ed in 3 forest clusters of the plot. The aver- age distance between nearest neighbors was 1.38±0.61 km (n=8; range 0.9–2.52 km). We installed 19 nestboxes (13 of big size, 6 of small size) for the Ural Owl in 2008. The distance between nestboxes varied from 0.55 to 1.85 km, averaging (n=16) 1.13±0.28 km. All nested boxes were in- stalled on the border of forests on the dis- tance of 10–80 m from fields and pastures, on oaks and maples (table 1, fig. 3). Plot 4. – Three forests located in ravines, connected with 500 m artificial forest-lines, has a total area of 12.08 êì2, and is sur- rounded by fields. It is the watershed of Chapaevka and Volga rivers. The level of human disturbance is low. Ural Owls ear- lier was not registered. We supposed the Ðèñ. 1. Êîíñòðóêöèè 4. ÿùèêè áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà: âûñîòà – 40, Tawny Owl breeding in the those forests ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ äëÿ ëåòîê – 15õ25, äíî – 25õ25. because the species was registered in simi- ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ äëèí- íîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè Âñåãî íà ïëîùàäêàõ óñòàíîâëåíî 74 lar habitats in adjoining territories. (Strix uralensis) – 1, 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêà: 56 – äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé In 2007 18 nested boxes for the Tawny è ñåðîé íåÿñûòè (Strix íåÿñûòè (ÿùèêè ìàëîãî ðàçìåðà – 13, Owl (10 of big size, 8 of small size) were aluco) – 3, 4. ÿùèêè áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà – 43) è 18 – äëÿ installed. The average distance between Fig. 1. Different ñåðîé (ÿùèêè ìàëîãî ðàçìåðà – 8, ÿùèêè nested boxes was 0.47±0.26 km, (n=14; nestboxes for the Ural áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà – 10). range 1–0.92 km). All nested boxes were Owl (Strix uralensis) – 1, 2 and the Tawny Owl ßùèêè óñòàíàâëèâàëèñü íà äåðåâüÿ íå- installed on the border of small ravine for- (Strix aluco) – 3, 4. äàëåêî îò îïóøêè è êðåïèëèñü íà óðîâíå ests and forest-lines on the distance of 30– íèæíåé èëè ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè êðîíû íà âû- 90 m from fields and pastures, mainly on ñîòå îò 4 äî 11 ì ñ ïîìîùüþ êðåï¸æíûõ maples (tab. 1, fig. 3). ëåíò è ãâîçäåé. Inspection of the installed nestboxes was Ïëîùàäêè carried out on 9–10 May, 2008 and on 30 Äëÿ äîñòèæåíèÿ ïîñòàâëåííûõ öåëåé â April – 1 May, on 6–10 May, 2009. Nested Ñòàâðîïîëüñêîì, Êðàñíîÿðñêîì, Êèíåëü- boxes in the plot 3 were checked up twice ñêîì, Ñàìàðñêîì è Êðàñíîàðìåéñêîì during a season of 2009 with a difference ðàéîíàõ âûáðàíû 4 ïëîùàäêè, ñîîòâåò- in 10 days. ñòâóþùèå 4-ì òèïè÷íûì êîìïëåêñàì ëå- ñîñòåïíîé è ñåâåðà ñòåïíîé çîíû Ñàìàð- Results ñêîé îáëàñòè: øèðîêîëèñòâåííûé ëåñ Summarizing results of nestbox occupan- íà ïîáåðåæüå Ñóñêàíñêîãî çàëèâà (ïë. cy in study plots in 2009 different animals 1), õâîéíî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííûå ëåñà â and birds occupied 56.76% of nestboxes îêðåñòíîñòÿõ íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ Ìó- (n=74), and a key species of the project – ñîðêà, Òàøëà, Íîâ. Áóÿí (ïë. 2), øèðî- the Ural Owl dominated (41.89%) (table 2). êîëèñòâåííûå ëåñà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ íà- Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) ñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ Àëàêàåâêà, Áóçàåâêà Actions for the Ural Owl attracting in to (ïë. 3) è áàéðà÷íûå ëåñà è ëåñîïîëîñû nestboxes were very successful. Follow re- â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ sults were obtained in 2009. A pair was re- Äóáîâûé Óìåò, Êàëèíêà (ïë. 4) (ðèñ. 2). corded successfully breeding in a nestbox Ïåðâûå 3 ïëîùàäêè áûëè âûáðàíû äëÿ in the plot 1 where the species was noted Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 29

earlier. The nestbox occupancy in the plot 2 was (n=33) 51.52%: clutches (including a dead) were found in 5 nests, broods – in 7 nests and 5 boxes contained some signs of occupation, including 3 nests with built cup, lined with down, but successful breed- ing was not registered. The nestbox oc- cupancy in the plot 3 was (n=19) 57.89%: during the second check we found clutches (including a dead) in 3 nests, broods in 6 nests and signs of occupation in 2 boxes, including one nest with built cup, lined with down, but successful breeding was not reg- istered. Two pairs were recorded success- fully breeding in nestboxes installing for the Tawny Owl (large boxes) in the plot 4 where the species was noted earlier. Occu- pancy was (n=18) 11.11%. Ðèñ. 2. Ïëîùàäêè. ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè, 4-ÿ At the end of check the successful breed- Fig. 2. Study plots. – äëÿ ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè. ing was recorded in 67.74% of nestboxes Ïåðåä óñòàíîâêîé ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ íà occupied by Ural Owls (n=31). We discover ïëîùàäêàõ â ñåíòÿáðå 2008 ã. ïî îñåííå- 2 dead clutches with 1 egg per each and ìó òîêîâàíèþ áûë ïðîâåä¸í ó÷¸ò ñîâ, âû- in 3 nests with nestlings with 1 dead egg ÿâëåíà ñõåìà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïàð, ãíåçäÿ- per each. Sizes of 2 eggs: 53.9õ42.9 mm, ùèõñÿ â åñòåñòâåííûõ ãí¸çäàõ. Ñîñòàâëåíà 47.8õ40.7 mm. The average clutch size was ñõåìà óñòàíîâêè ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ òàêèì 2.4±1.26 eggs (n=10; range 1–4 eggs). The îáðàçîì, ÷òîáû ðàâíîìåðíî ïîêðûòü average brood size was 2.71±1.44 nestlings ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå äëÿ íåÿñûòåé áèîòîïû. (n=14; range 1–6 nestlings) (tab. 2, fig. 4).  èòîãå â ñõåìó óñòàíîâêè ÿùèêîâ ïîïà- Any correlations in distribution of clutch and ëè êàê ðåàëüíûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ñîâ, íà brood sizes in plots or habitats were not êîòîðûõ â ñåçîí 2008 ã. áûëî çàðåãèñòðè- revealed (fig. 5). Only a great differences ðîâàíî óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå, òàê è ïî- in terms of owl breeding in the same ter- òåíöèàëüíûå, íà êîòîðûõ ñîâû âûÿâëåíû ritories were noted. Some birds only began íå áûëè. hatching a fresh clutches in last dates of Ïë. 1. Øèðîêîëèñòâåííûé ëåñ íà ïî- April while other birds were with nestlings áåðåæüå Ñóñêàíñêîãî çàëèâà – âòîðè÷- of different ages or with (two broods in the íûé ëåñíîé ìàññèâ ñ äîìèíèðîâàíèåì plot 2) fledglings. Thus, terms of breeding ëèïû, ðàññå÷¸ííûé ïîñàäêàìè êàê ëè- of Ural Owls on adjoining sites seemed to ñòâåííûõ, òàê è õâîéíûõ ïîðîä â âîçðàñòå differ more than month. äî 50 ëåò, ïëîùàäüþ 5,88 êì2, ïðîòÿíóâ- The distance between the installed nest- øèéñÿ ïîëîñîé øèðèíîé îò 200 äî 1500 ì boxes in different plots varied from 0.1 to ïî áåðåãó Ñóñêàíñêîãî çàëèâà. Âíåøíÿÿ 3.07 km, averaging (n=62) 1.11±0.62 km. îïóøêà îêðóæåíà ïîëÿìè. Ëåñ èçîëèðîâàí The distance between the boxes occupied îò êðóïíûõ ëåñíûõ ìàññèâîâ âîäîõðàíè- by Ural Owls in 2009 ranged from 0.55 to ëèùåì è ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûìè óãîäüÿìè 3.19 km, averaging (n=23) 1.5±0.65 km. (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî, ïàõîòîé) íà 20–30 êì. The average distance between nearest Âûñîêàÿ ñòåïåíü ðåêðåàöèè. Íåñìîòðÿ íà neighbors in plots 2 and 3 in 2008 was áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ðåãóëÿðíûå ó÷¸òû ñîâ ñ 1.42±0.89 km (n=23; range 0.53–4.67 km) 1999 ã., ïðèñóòñòâèå çäåñü äëèííîõâîñòîé and in 2009, after carrying out of actions on íåÿñûòè, äî íà÷àëà ðàáîò ïî ñîçäàíèþ the nestbox installing 1.44±0.67 km (n=28; ãíåçäîâîãî ôîíäà, íå âûÿâëåíî. range 0.55–3.44 km).  2008 ã. óñòàíîâëåíî 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùè- The realized actions almost have not êà áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé change the distribution of the Ural Owl. The íåÿñûòè. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó ãíåçäîâûìè new noted pairs (n=34; 29.41%) blended in ÿùèêàìè 1,51–2,07 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=3) with “the scheme of box installation”, hav- 1,76±0,29 êì. Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè óñòà- ing occupied habitats potentially suitable íîâëåíû ïî âíåøíåé îïóøêå ëåñíîãî ìàñ- for their nesting where they were not been ñèâà íà ðàññòîÿíèè 40–120 ì îò ïîëÿ, ïðå- registered during counts. Possibly they were èìóùåñòâåííî íà äóáàõ (òàáë. 1, ðèñ. 3). missed. Nevertheless, we can actually note 30 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 3. Ñõåìà ðàçìåùåíèÿ òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ ïàð äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé äî (À) è ïîñëå (Ñ) ïðîâåäåíèÿ áèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé, à òàêæå ðàñïîëîæåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ (B).

Ïë. 2. Õâîéíî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííûå ëå- 8.82% of new pairs occurring. ñà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ After carrying out of actions on the nest- Ìóñîðêà, Òàøëà, Íîâ. Áóÿí – ëåñíîé box installing in breeding territories of owls ìàññèâ, ñîñòîÿùèé èç ÷åòûð¸õ êðóïíûõ different pairs have differently reacted to it: êëàñòåðîâ, îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 149,36 êì2, (n=34) 41.18% of pairs have leaved the nat- ïåðåìåæàþùèõñÿ ïàñòáèùàìè è ïîëÿìè. ural nests for nestboxes, 20.59% – bred in  äðåâîñòîå âûñîêà äîëÿ ñîñíû â âîçðàñòå their own nests (thus 8.82% of pairs visited ñòàðøå 80 ëåò, ìåñòíîñòü óìåðåííî ïåðå- the installed boxes or occupied them be- ñå÷¸ííàÿ, ñ ãëóáîêèìè îâðàãàìè. Ðåêðåà- fore the beginning of a laying, and 11.76% öèÿ íåâûñîêàÿ. Ïëîòíîñòü äëèííîõâîñòîé of pairs ignored boxes) (table 3). It seems íåÿñûòè ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ 2008 ã. ñîñòà- that nestboxes are more attractive for Ural Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 31

Fig. 3. Map of distribution of the Ural Owl breeding pairs before (À) and after (Ñ) attracting into nestboxes, and nestbox locations (B).

âèëà 0,47 ïàð/1 êì2 ëåñà.  îáùåé ñëîæ- Owls and they willingly leave natural open íîñòè íà ïëîùàäêå â ÷åòûð¸õ ëåñíûõ êëà- or slightly open nests for boxes in forests of ñòåðàõ ó÷òåíî 19 ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé the Samara district. (9 âûâîäêîâ, 3 âîêàëèçèðóþùèå ïàðû è 7 Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) òîêóþùèõ ñàìöîâ). Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó öåí- This species was registered only in the òðàìè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñîñòàâèëà 0,53– plot 4. The single nestbox for the Tawny owl 4,67 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=15) 1,45±1,03 êì. of large size was occupied by these owls for  2007 ã. äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè 2nd year after installation, however success- óñòàíîâëåíî 7 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ ìàëîãî ful breeding was noted. That box is installed ðàçìåðà. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó ãíåçäîâûìè on the border of ravine small forest with ÿùèêàìè 0,45–1,03 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=6) the area of 0.27 km and perimeter 1.98 km 32 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Òàáë. 1. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ïàðàìåòðîâ óñòàíîâêè ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ. far from wide forest-lines inhabited by the Table 1. Parameters of the nestbox installing. Ural Owl and isolated from them with crops grain on 4 km. Considering this fact we can Ïë. 1 Ïë. 2 Ïë. 3 Ïë. 4 Âñåãî assume the further success of activities on Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Total the Tawny Owl attracting in small ravine Ñîñíà / Pine 115 117 forests isolated from large forests and wide Äóá / Oak 31310228 forest-lines that are probably inhabited by the Ural Owl. Êë¸í / Maple 91019 Ëèïà / Linden 134 Discussion Îñèíà / Aspen 2 2 We consider that the number of Ural Owls Áåð¸çà /Birch 224 successfully breeding in natural nests in sta- Âñå äåðåâüÿ ble breeding groups probably always below 433191874 Total trees than with breeding in nestboxes under pre- cisely verified scheme of uniform distribu- Âûñîòà (ì) (n=4) (n=33) (n=19) (n=18) (n=74) Height (m) 9.25±1.71 7.00±1.22 5.32±1.16 5.61±1.24 6.35±1.59 tion of nestboxes. It is connected with defi- (n) M±SD (Lim) (7–11) (4–10) (4–7) (4–7) (4–11) ciency of the potential nest sites. Thus birds Äèñòàíöèÿ (êì) (n=3) (n=29) (n=16) (n=14) (n=62) nest too close to each other competing for Distance (km) 1.76±0.29 1.34±0.68 1.13±0.28 0.47±0.26 1.11±0.62 food or do not find suitable sites for nest- (n) M±SD (Lim) (1.51–2.07) (0.45–3.07) (0.55–1.85) (0.1–0.92) (0.1–3.07) ing or breed unsuccessfully with deaths of clutches and broods. In any case there are non breeding individuals or pairs in every 0,68±0,20 êì. Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè óñòà- population which define rates of number íîâëåíû ïî âíåøíåé îïóøêå ëåñíîãî ìàñ- growth of a breeding group at realization of ñèâà íà ðàññòîÿíèè 110–340 ì îò ïàñòáè- actions on attracting birds. ùà, íà äóáàõ è ñîñíàõ. The developed scheme of nestboxes in-  2008 ã. äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè stalling on every kilometer of a forest bor- óñòàíîâëåíî 26 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ áîëü- der seems to be effective. Already we have øîãî ðàçìåðà. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó ãíåçäî- been able to conclude, that at peaks of ro- âûìè ÿùèêàìè ñîñòàâèëà 0,94–3,07 êì, â dent numbers, being the main preys of owls ñðåäíåì (n=23) 1,51±0,66 êì. Ïî âíåøíåé in the Samara district, so dense scheme of îïóøêå ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà íà ðàññòîÿíèè nestbox distribution would promote only to 20–280 ì îò ïîëåé è ïàñòáèù óñòàíîâëåíî increase in numbers of breeding owls. 18 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ è 8 ÿùèêîâ óñòàíîâ- Such great difference in terms of breed- ëåíî âíóòðè ìàññèâà ëåñà íà îïóøêàõ íå- ing of Ural Owls in the same territories can be caused by the different reasons. A Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü hypothesis that late (in May) clutches are â ãíåçäîâîì ÿùèêå. Ôîòî À. Ïàæåíêîâà. laid by new pairs of Ural Owl which find and occupy nestboxes after normal terms Ural Owl in a nestbox. Photo by A. Pazhenkov. for the species has not proved. The great difference in breeding terms on 2 next sites of owls (fresh clutch and brood of fledglings) was observed in a plot 2 in the nest boxes installed in 2007 and occupied by owls in 2008–2009. The same differ- ence was noted for owls occupied natural nests and on sites where owls occupied nestboxes, having moved from natural nests though during autumn vocalization they had an opportunity to occupy nest- boxes and lay eggs in early terms. Thus, the reason of difference in terms of breed- ing is another. There are some assump- tions of it explaining. The first assump- tion – a high death rate of adult birds. The second – owing to the large difference in terms of breeding adjoining pairs avoid tough rivalry for food however we have not enough proofs of it and it demands Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 33

Òàáë. 2. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà çàíÿòîñòè ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ â 2009 ã. Table 2. Occupancy of nestboxes in 2009.

Ïë. 1 Ïë. 2 Ïë. 3 Ïë. 4 Âñåãî Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Total Âñåãî ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ / Total number of nestboxes 4 33 19 18 74 Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix uralensis) 1 17 11 2 31 Êëàäêè / Clutches 5 3 8 Âûâîäêè / Broods 176215 Ïîñåùàåòñÿ, íî óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå íå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî 52 7 Occupied, but successful breeding was not recorded Êîëè÷åñòâî ÿèö â êëàäêàõ (n=4) (n=6) (n=10) Clutch size 2.5±1.73 2.33±1.03 2.4±1.26 (n) M±SD (Lim) (1–4) (1–4) (1–4) Êîëè÷åñòâî ïòåíöîâ â âûâîäêàõ (n=5) (n=6) (n=2) (n=14) Brood size 4 3.2±1.92 2.5±1.05 1.5±0.71 2.71±1.44 (n) M±SD (Lim) (1–6) (1–4) (1–2) (1–6) Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó çàíÿòûìè ÿùèêàìè (êì) (n=13) (n=9) (n=23) Distance between the occupied nestboxes (km) 1.52±0.75 1.43±0.78 1.91 1.5±0.65 (n) M±SD (Lim) (0.63–3.19) (0.55–3.14) (0.55–3.19) Ñåðàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix aluco) 11 Çàíÿòî, íî óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå íå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî 1 1 Occupied, but successful breeding was not recorded Êëèíòóõ (Columba oenas) 55 Êóíèöà ëåñíàÿ (Martes martes)235 Ãíåçäîâîé ÿùèê ïóñòóåò / Empty nestbox 1 13 8 10 32

áîëüøèõ îòêðûòûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâ (âûðóáîê, the further studying. çàëåæåé è ñåíîêîñîâ), ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî Unfortunately we have not been able to íà ñîñíàõ è äóáàõ (òàáë. 1, ðèñ. 3). prove positive impact of nestbox install- Ïë. 3. Øèðîêîëèñòâåííûå ëåñà â îê- ing on numbers of eggs in clutches and ðåñòíîñòÿõ íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ Àëà- nestlings in brood because of the large dif- êàåâêà, Áóçàåâêà – ñèëüíî ðàñ÷ëåí¸ííûé, ferences noted for different pairs breeding âòîðè÷íûé ëåñíîé ìàññèâ ñ äîìèíèðîâà- in natural nests and in nestboxes. Before íèåì ëèïû, ñîñòîÿùèé èç òð¸õ êëàñòåðîâ our activities on the nestbox installing in îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 39,93 êì2, çàíèìàþùèé the Samara district the average size of âîäîðàçäåë íåáîëüøèõ ðå÷åê íà ïðàâîáå- the Ural Owl broods in natural nests was 2,85±0,69 nestlings (n=8; range 2–4 nest- lings). In 2009 broods of owls in nestbox- es consisted of 1–6 nestlings, averaging (n=14) 2.71±1.44 nestlings, and in natu- ral nests – 1–4 nestlings, averaging (n=5) 2.2±1.3 nestlings. Data indicates broods in nestboxes were larger than in natural nests in 2009, but, most likely, it simply artifact of observation. A brood with 6 fledglings is the first documented fact for territory of Russia and it is more interest- ing that such large brood was recorded in a nestbox (the pair of owls occupies box during two years).

Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü îêîëî ãíåçäîâîãî ÿùèêà. Ôîòî À. Ïàæåíêîâà. Ural Owl near a nestbox. Photo by A. Pazhenkov. 34 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Äëèííîõâîñòûå íåÿñû- òè â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà, À. Ëåâàøêèíà è À. Ïàæåíêîâà. Ural Owls in nestboxes. Photos by I. Karyakin, A. Levashkin and A. Pazhenkov.

ðåæíîé òåððàñå ð. Êèíåëü. Âíåøíÿÿ îïóø- ñòîé íåÿñûòè äî íà÷àëà ðàáîò ïî ñîçäàíèþ êà îêðóæåíà ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïîëÿìè. ãíåçäîâîãî ôîíäà íå âûÿâëåíî. Ïðèñóò- Ðåêðåàöèÿ íåâûñîêàÿ. Ïëîòíîñòü äëèííîõ- ñòâèå ñåðîé íåÿñûòè ëèøü ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü âîñòîé íåÿñûòè, ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ 2008 ã., íà îñíîâàíèè âñòðå÷ ïòèö íà ïðèëåãàþùèõ ñîñòàâèëà 0,49 ïàð/1 êì2 ëåñà.  îáùåé òåððèòîðèÿõ â àíàëîãè÷íûõ áèîòîïàõ. ñëîæíîñòè íà ïëîùàäêå â òð¸õ ëåñíûõ êëà-  2007 ã. óñòàíîâëåíî 18 ãíåçäîâûõ ñòåðàõ ó÷òåíî 10 ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé (3 ÿùèêîâ äëÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè (áîëüøîãî âûâîäêà, 4 âîêàëèçèðóþùèå ïàðû è 3 òîêó- ðàçìåðà – 10, ìàëîãî ðàçìåðà – 8). Äèñ- þùèõ ñàìöà). Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó öåíòðàìè òàíöèÿ ìåæäó ãíåçäîâûìè ÿùèêàìè ñî- ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñîñòàâèëà 0,9–2,52 êì, ñòàâèëà 0,1–0,92 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=14) â ñðåäíåì (n=8) 1,38±0,61 êì. 0,47±0,26 êì. Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè óñòà-  2008 ã. óñòàíîâëåíî 19 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùè- íîâëåíû ïî âíåøíåé îïóøêå áàéðà÷íûõ ëå- êîâ äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè (áîëüøîãî ñêîâ è ëåñîïîëîñ íà ðàññòîÿíèè 30–90 ì îò ðàçìåðà – 13, ìàëîãî ðàçìåðà – 6). Äèñ- ïîëåé è ïàñòáèù, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà òàíöèÿ ìåæäó ãíåçäîâûìè ÿùèêàìè – 0,55– êë¸íàõ (òàáë. 1, ðèñ. 3). 1,85 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=16) 1,13±0,28 êì. Âñå Ïðîâåðêà óñòàíîâëåííûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè óñòàíîâëåíû ïî âíåøíåé ÿùèêîâ îñóùåñòâëÿëàñü 9–10 ìàÿ 2008 ã., îïóøêå ëåñíîãî ìàññèâà íà ðàññòîÿíèè 30 àïðåëÿ – 1 ìàÿ è 6–10 ìàÿ 2009 ã. Íà 10–80 ì îò ïîëåé è ïàñòáèù, íà äóáàõ è ïëîùàäêå 3 ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè ïðîâåðåíû êë¸íàõ (òàáë. 1, ðèñ. 3). äâàæäû â ñåçîí 2009 ã. ñ ðàçíèöåé â 10 Ïë. 4. Áàéðà÷íûå ëåñà è ëåñîïîëîñû äíåé. Ó÷¸ò ñîâ ïî âûâîäêàì ïðîâåä¸í 31 â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ èþëÿ – 3 àâãóñòà 2009 ã. Äóáîâûé Óìåò, Êàëèíêà – òðè áàéðà÷íûõ êîëêà, ñîåäèí¸ííûõ ïÿòèñîòìåòðîâûìè Ðåçóëüòàòû ëåíòàìè ãåíêîâñêèõ ëåñîïîëîñ, îáùåé ïëî-  öåëîì ïî êîìïëåêñó ïëîùàäîê â 2009 ã. ùàäüþ 12,08 êì2, îêðóæ¸ííûå ïîëÿìè, íà ðàçëè÷íûìè âèäàìè æèâîòíûõ çàíèìàëîñü âîäîðàçäåëå ð. ×àïàåâêà è ð. Âîëãà. Ðåêðå- (n=74) 56,76% ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ, èç êî- àöèÿ íèçêàÿ. Ïðèñóòñòâèå çäåñü äëèííîõâî- òîðûõ àáñîëþòíîå áîëüøèíñòâî çàíèìàëà Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 35

äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (41,89%) – öåëåâîé âèä ðåàëèçàöèè áèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðè- ÿòèé (òàáë. 2). Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix uralensis) Ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ äëèííîõ- âîñòîé íåÿñûòè îêàçàëèñü êðàéíå óñïåø- íûìè. Ïåðâûå ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè, óñòà- íîâëåííûå â 2007 ã. íà ïëîùàäêå 2 áëèç ñ. Ìóñîðêà, îêàçàëèñü çàíÿòûìè ñîâàìè óæå â 2008 ã. Ïðîâåðêà â ìàå 2008 ã. ïî- êàçàëà óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå ñîâ â òð¸õ ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ â 1,32 è 2,38 êì äðóã îò äðóãà. Ñîñåäíèå ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè áûëè çà- íÿòû ëåñíûìè êóíèöàìè (Martes martes).  2009 ã. íà äàííîì ó÷àñòêå â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ ðàçìíîæàëèñü òàêæå 3 ïàðû íåÿ- ñûòåé, ñ òîé ëèøü ðàçíèöåé, ÷òî ðàññòîÿ- íèå ìåæäó äâóìÿ áëèæàéøèìè ïàðàìè ñî- êðàòèëîñü äî 0,63 êì ïî ïðè÷èíå ñìåíû ãíåçäà îäíîé ïàðîé, êîòîðàÿ çàãíåçäèëàñü â ÿùèêå, çàíèìàâøåìñÿ ëåñíîé êóíèöåé.  2009 ã. êàðòèíà çàíÿòîñòè ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ äëèííîõâîñòûìè íåÿñûòÿìè îêà- çàëàñü ñëåäóþùåé. Íà ïëîùàäêå 1, ãäå âèä ðàíåå íå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ, ïîÿâèëàñü ïàðà íåÿñûòåé, êîòîðûå çàíÿëè ãíåçäîâîé ÿùèê è âûâåëè ïòåíöîâ. Íà ïëîùàäêå 2 çàíÿòîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ íåÿñûòÿìè ñîñòàâèëà (n=33) 51,52%: â 5 ãí¸çäàõ îáíàðóæåíû êëàäêè (âêëþ÷àÿ îäíó ïîãèáøóþ), â 7 ãí¸çäàõ – âûâîäêè è â 5 ÿùèêàõ îáíàðóæåíû ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå â 3-õ ãí¸çäàõ – ñôîðìèðîâàííûå ëîòêè è ïóõ, íî óñïåø- íîãî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî. Íà ïëîùàäêå 3 çàíÿòîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ íåÿñûòÿìè ñîñòàâèëà (n=19) 57,89%: â õîäå âòîðîé ïðîâåðêè â 3-õ ãí¸çäàõ îáíàðóæå- íû êëàäêè (âêëþ÷àÿ îäíó ïîãèáøóþ), â 6 ãí¸çäàõ – âûâîäêè è â 2-õ ÿùèêàõ îáíàðó- æåíû ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå Êëàäêè äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ. â îäíîì ãíåçäå – ñôîðìèðîâàííûé ëîòîê è Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ïóõ, íî óñïåøíîãî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå çàðå- Clutches of the Ural Owl in nestboxes. ãèñòðèðîâàíî. Íà ïëîùàäêå 4, ãäå âèä ðà- Photos by I. Karyakin. íåå íå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ, ïîÿâèëèñü 2 ïàðû äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé, êîòîðûå çàíÿëè Âòîðàÿ ïîãèáøàÿ êëàäêà îáíàðóæåíà â ãíåç- ñóáîïòèìàëüíûå ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè, ñäåëàí- äîâîì ÿùèêå, êîòîðûé àêòèâíî îáîðîíÿëñÿ íûå äëÿ ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè (ÿùèêè âçðîñëûìè ïòèöàìè, íî îíè íå íàñèæèâàëè áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà), è âûâåëè ïòåíöîâ. Çà- ÿéöî óæå êàê ìèíèìóì íåñêîëüêî äíåé äî íÿòîñòü ñîñòàâèëà (n=18) 11,11%. ìîìåíòà ïðîâåðêè.  3-õ ãí¸çäàõ ñ ïòåíöà- Èç çàíÿòûõ äëèííîõâîñòûìè íåÿñûòÿìè ìè áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ïî 1 ïîãèáøåìó ÿéöó ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ (n=31) óñïåøíîå ðàç- (â 2-õ ñëó÷àÿõ ÿéöà îêàçàëèñü áîëòóíàìè, â ìíîæåíèå ê ìîìåíòó îêîí÷àíèÿ ïðîâåðêè îäíîì íàõîäèëñÿ ïîãèáøèé ýìáðèîí). Ðàç- çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî â 67,74% ÿùèêîâ. Äîñòî- ìåð 2-õ ÿèö: 53,9õ42,9 ìì, 47,8õ40,7 ìì. âåðíî ïîãèáëî 2 êëàäêè ïî 1 ÿéöó â êàæ- Ðàçìåð êëàäêè ñîñòàâèë 1–4 ÿéöà, â ñðåä- äîé. Ïðè÷èíîé ãèáåëè îäíîé êëàäêè ñòàë íåì (n=10) 2,4±1,26 ÿéöà. Ðàçìåð âû- íèçîâîé ïîæàð âîêðóã ãíåçäîâîãî äåðåâà âîäêà ñîñòàâèë 1–6 ïòåíöîâ, â ñðåäíåì – âî âðåìÿ òóøåíèÿ ïîæàðà ñîòðóäíèêàìè (n=14) 2,71±1,44 ïòåíöà (òàáë. 2, ðèñ. 4). ëåñíè÷åñòâà ñàìêà âûëåòåëà èç ãíåçäîâîãî Êàêèõ-ëèáî ÷¸òêèõ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ïî ÿùèêà è ïðåêðàòèëà íàñèæèâàíèå êëàäêè. ðàñïðåäåëåíèþ ðàçìåðà êëàäîê è âûâîäêîâ 36 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (n=23) 1,5±0,65 êì. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó öåíòðàìè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè íà ïëîùàä- êàõ 2 è 3 â 2008 ã. ñîñòàâèëà 0,53–4,67 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=23) 1,42±0,89 êì. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó öåíòðàìè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äëèí- íîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè íà ïëîùàäêàõ 2 è 3 â 2009 ã., ïîñëå ïðîâåäåíèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî óñòàíîâêå ÿùèêîâ, ñîñòàâèëà 0,55–3,44 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=28) 1,44±0,67 êì. Ïðîâåä¸ííûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïðàêòè÷å- ñêè íå èñêàçèëè êàðòèíó ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè. Ïîÿâèâøèåñÿ íîâûå ïàðû (n=34; 29,41% îò îáùåé ÷èñ- ëåííîñòè â çîíå ó÷¸òà) âïèñàëèñü â «ñõåìó óñòàíîâêè ÿùèêîâ», çàíÿâ òåððèòîðèè, ïî- òåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíûå äëÿ èõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ãäå îíè íå áûëè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû â õîäå ó÷¸òîâ. Ïîñëåäíåå íå èñêëþ÷àåò òîãî, ÷òî ýòè ïàðû áûëè ïîïðîñòó ïðîïóùåíû. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ìîæíî îïðåäåë¸ííî ãîâîðèòü î ïîÿâëåíèè íîâûõ ïàð (êàê ìèíèìóì, 8,82% îò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè â çîíå ó÷¸òà) Ðèñ. 4. Ðàçìåð êëàäîê íà ïëîùàäêàõ, ëèáî â áèîòîïàõ, íå âûÿâëå- íà òåððèòîðèÿõ, ãäå íàáëþäàëîñü óïëîòíå- è âûâîäêîâ äëèííîõâî- íî (ðèñ. 5). Îáðàùàåò íà ñåáÿ âíèìàíèå íèå ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè – íîâûå ïàðû ñòîé íåÿñûòè. áîëüøàÿ ðàçíèöà â ñðîêàõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ïîÿâèëèñü íà êðèòè÷åñêè ìàëîì ðàññòîÿ- Fig. 4. Clutch and brood ñîâ íà îäíîé è òîé æå òåððèòîðèè. Íåêî- íèè îò ðàíåå âûÿâëåííûõ ïàð. sizes of the Ural Owl. òîðûå íåÿñûòè òîëüêî íà÷àëè íàñèæèâàòü Ïîñëå ïðîâåäåíèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ðàç- ñâåæèå êëàäêè â ïîñëåäíèõ ÷èñëàõ àïðåëÿ, âåøèâàíèþ ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ íà ó÷àñò- â òî âðåìÿ êàê ó äðóãèõ óæå âûëóïèëèñü êàõ íåÿñûòåé ðàçíûå ïàðû ïî-ðàçíîìó è/èëè îäåëèñü â ìåçîïòèëü ïòåíöû, à ó íå- îòðåàãèðîâàëè íà ïðèâëå÷åíèå: (n=34) êîòîðûõ (äâà âûâîäêà íà ïëîùàäêå 2) – ïî- 41,18% ïàð îò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè â çîíå êèíóëè ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ó÷¸òà ñìåíèëè ñâîè åñòåñòâåííûå ãí¸çäà íà ñîñåäñòâóþùèõ ó÷àñòêàõ äëèííîõâîñòûõ íà èñêóññòâåííûå, 20,59% – ðàçìíîæàëèñü Ðèñ. 5. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ, íåÿñûòåé íàáëþäàëàñü ðàçíèöà â ôåíîëî- íà ó÷àñòêàõ ñ óñòàíîâëåííûìè ÿùèêàìè â çàíÿòûõ äëèííîõâîñòîé ãèè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áîëåå ìåñÿöà. ñâîèõ ïðåæíèõ ãí¸çäàõ (ïðè ýòîì 8,82% íåÿñûòüþ, ðàíæèðî- Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó óñòàíîâëåííûìè ãíåçäî- ïàð ïîñåùàëè óñòàíîâëåííûå ÿùèêè ëèáî âàííûõ ïî ðàçìåðàì âûìè ÿùèêàìè íà ðàçíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ èçìåíÿ- çàíèìàëè èõ äî íà÷àëà êëàäêè, à 11,76% êëàäîê è âûâîäêîâ. åòñÿ îò 0,1 äî 3,07 êì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì ïàð èãíîðèðîâàëè ÿùèêè) (òàáë. 3). Ïðè- Fig. 5. Distribution of (n=62) 1,11±0,62 êì. Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó ÿùè- õîäèòñÿ êîíñòàòèðîâàòü, ÷òî ãíåçäîâûå nestboxes occupied by the Ural Owl ranged on êàìè, çàíÿòûìè äëèííîõâîñòûìè íåÿñûòÿìè ÿùèêè ÿâëÿþòñÿ áîëåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíû- clutch and brood sizes. â 2009 ã., âàðüèðóåò îò 0,55 äî 3,19 êì, ñî- ìè äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè, è â ëåñàõ Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè îíà îõîòíî ìåíÿåò íà íèõ ñâîè åñòåñòâåííûå îòêðûòûå èëè ïî- ëóîòêðûòûå ãí¸çäà.  òî æå âðåìÿ â ó÷àñò- êàõ ñòàðîãî ëåñà ñ çàêðûòûìè äóïëàìè âèä ïðîäîëæàåò ðàçìíîæàòüñÿ â ñâîèõ ïðåæ- íèõ ãí¸çäàõ, õîòÿ îêîëî ïîëîâèíû ïàð âñ¸ æå ïîñåùàåò ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè. Âî âðåìÿ 2-é ïðîâåðêè ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ ïîâåäåí÷åñêàÿ ðåàêöèÿ ðàçíûõ ïàð äëèí- íîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê èññëå- äîâàòåëÿì áûëà ðàçëè÷íîé. Íà ðàííåé ñòà- äèè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ (íà êëàäêàõ è ïóõîâè÷êàõ) ñàìêè îñòàâàëèñü ñèäåòü â ãíåçäîâîì ÿùèêå â ìîìåíò îñìîòðà òîëüêî â 30,77% ñëó÷àåâ (n=13), ïðè÷¸ì â 2-õ ñëó÷àÿõ – ïðè ïòåíöàõ, à â 2-õ – íà êëàäêàõ.  áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ (69,23 %) íàáëþäàëñÿ âûëåò ñàìîê èç ãí¸çä, Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 37

Âûâîäêè äëèííîõâî- ñòîé íåÿñûòè â ãíåçäî- âûõ ÿùèêàõ. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà è À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Broods of the Ural Owl in nestboxes. Photos by I. Karyakin and A. Levashkin.

â òîì ÷èñëå ïðè ïîäõîäå íàáëþäàòåëåé ê ñàìêè àòàêîâàëè íàáëþäàòåëÿ. Ëèøü â ãíåçäîâîìó äåðåâó – 44,4% (n=9), âî âðåìÿ 15,79% ñëó÷àåâ ñàìêè ïîñëå ñë¸òà ñ ãíåçäà çàëåçàíèÿ íà ãíåçäîâîå äåðåâî – 33,3% è â ïðèñàæèâàëèñü íà ñîñåäíèå äåðåâüÿ è íå ìîìåíò îñìîòðà ãíåçäà (êàê ïðàâèëî, åù¸ ïðåäïðèíèìàëè ïîïûòîê àòàêîâàòü, õîòÿ è äî çàãëÿäûâàíèÿ â ëåòîê, â ìîìåíò êàñàíèÿ ïðîÿâëÿëè áåñïîêîéñòâî.  îäíîì èç ýòèõ ãíåçäîâîãî ÿùèêà) – 22,2%. ñëó÷àåâ âûëåòåâøàÿ ñàìêà çàòàèëàñü ñðåäè  áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ (78,95%; n=19) âåòîê â íåñêîëüêèõ äåñÿòêàõ ìåòðîâ îò ãíåç-

Òàáë. 3. Äèíàìèêà çàíÿòîñòè åñòåñòâåííûõ è èñêóññòâåííûõ ãí¸çä äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòüþ (Strix uralensis) íà ïëîùàäêàõ â 2009 ã. Table 3. Occupancy of the Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) of natural nests and nestboxes in plots in 2009.

Ïë. 2 Ïë. 3 Âñåãî Ñîáûòèÿ / Events Plot 2 Plot 3 Total Ñîâû ïåðåìåñòèëèñü èç åñòåñòâåííîãî ãíåçäà â ÿùèê íà ðàíåå âûÿâëåííîì ó÷àñòêå 9514 (41.18%) Owl have leaved natural nest for a nestbox in the earlier known territory Ñîâû àáîíèðóþò ÿùèê, íî ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ â åñòåñòâåííîì äóïëå íà ðàíåå âûÿâëåííîì ó÷àñòêå 213 (8.82%) Owls have occupied nestbox but bred in the natural hollow in the earlier known terri- tory Ñîâû èãíîðèðóþò ÿùèê è ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ â åñòåñòâåííîì äóïëå íà ðàíåå âûÿâëåííîì ó÷àñòêå 224 (11.76%) Owls have ignored nestbox and bred in the natural hollow in the earlier known territory Ñîâû àáîíèðóþò ÿùèê íà ðàíåå âûÿâëåííîì ó÷àñòêå, íî ðàçìíîæåíèå íå óñòàíîâëåíî 1 1 (2.94%) Owls have occupied nestbox in the earlier known territory, but breeding has not re- corded Ñîâû çàíÿëè ÿùèê íà ó÷àñòêå, ãäå ðàíåå íå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü 448 (23.53%) Owls have occupied nestbox in the territory where not recorded earlier Ñîâû àáîíèðóþò ÿùèê íà ó÷àñòêå, ãäå ðàíåå íå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü, íî ðàçìíîæåíèå íå óñòàíîâëåíî 112 (5.88%) Owls have occupied nestbox in the territory where not recorded earlier, but breeding has not recorded Ñîâû ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ íà ó÷àñòêå, íà êîòîðîì ÿùèê íå óñòàíîâëåí 112 (5.88%) Owls have bred in the territory where nesboxes were not installed Âñåãî / Total 20 14 34 (100%) 38 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè îñíîâíîì ïðè ïîäú¸ìå íà ãíåçäîâîå äå- ðàçíûõ ðàçìåðíûõ ðåâî, íî â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ (20%, n=15) è ïðè êëàññîâ, çàíÿòûå äëèí- íîõâîñòûìè íåÿñûòÿìè. ïðèáëèæåíèè èññëåäîâàòåëåé ê ãíåçäîâîìó Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. äåðåâó. Âî âðåìÿ ïîäú¸ìà íà ãíåçäî íåÿñû- Different size nestboxes òè ïèêèðîâàëè, óäàðÿÿ êîãòÿìè â ãîëîâó è occupied by Ural Owls. ñïèíó, îñòàâëÿÿ âåñüìà áîëåçíåííûå ðàíû, Photos by I. Karyakin. áåç ïðîáëåì ïðîáèâàÿ êîãòÿìè íåñêîëüêî ñëî¸â îäåæäû è ÏÂÕ-çàùèòó òîëùèíîé äî 1 ñì. Ïðè äîñòèæåíèè íàáëþäàòåëåì ÿùè- êà íåêîòîðûå ïòèöû ïðåêðàùàëè íàë¸òû, äðóãèå æå èõ ïðîäîëæàëè. Íà îäíîì èç ó÷àñòêîâ (6,67% îò àòàêóþùèõ ïòèö; n=15) â ìîìåíò ïðîâåðêè ãíåçäîâîãî ÿùèêà íà- áëþäàëàñü ïàðíàÿ àãðåññèÿ, êîãäà ïîî÷å- ðåäíî àòàêîâàëè è ñàìêà, è ñàìåö. Òàêîå ïîâåäåíèå õàðàêòåðíî äëÿ ÿñòðåáèíûõ ñîâ (Surnia ulula), à ó äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé ðàíåå íà òåððèòîðèè Ïðèâîëæñêîãî ôå- äåðàëüíîãî îêðóãà îíî îòìå÷åíî íå áûëî. Õîòÿ â ëèòåðàòóðå èìåþòñÿ óêàçàíèÿ íà àòà- êó è ñàìêè, è ñàìöà. Ïîäîáíûé ñëó÷àé áûë îïèñàí ó ãíåçäà äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â Ñóìñêîé îáëàñòè (Ìàëûøîê, Êíûø, 2001). Îáû÷íî ïðè ïðîâåðêå ãí¸çä ñàìöû èçäàâà- ëè òîêîâûå ñèãíàëû, íàõîäÿñü íåïîäàëåêó, òåì ñàìûì âûäàâàÿ ñâîå ïðèñóòñòâèå, íî íàáëþäàëîñü ýòî íå íà âñåõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Ñàì- êè ïðè áåñïîêîéñòâå «ëàÿëè» ëèáî èçäàâà- ëè õðèïëûå çâóêè, íàïîìèíàþùèå òîêîâûå ñèãíàëû ñàìöà. Ñåðàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix aluco) Êàê è ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü â íà÷àëå ðåàëèçà- öèè ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè, ýòîò âèä óäàëîñü âñòðåòèòü ëèøü íà ïëîùàäêå 4.  öåëîì ìîæíî êîíñòàòè- ðîâàòü ïðîâàëüíîñòü ìåðîïðèÿòèé äëÿ ñå- ðîé íåÿñûòè, è â îñíîâå ïðè÷èí ïðîâàëà ëåæèò èìåííî êîíêóðåíöèÿ ñ äëèííîõâî- ñòîé íåÿñûòüþ. Åäèíñòâåííûé ãíåçäîâîé ÿùèê áîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà äëÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè îêàçàëñÿ çàíÿòûì ýòèìè ñîâàìè íà âòîðîé äà è ìîë÷à íàáëþäàëà çà èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè.  ãîä ïîñëå óñòàíîâêè, îäíàêî óñïåøíîãî ãíåçäå áûëà îáíàðóæåíà îêðîâàâëåííàÿ ïàë- ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå îòìå÷åíî. Äàííûé ÿùèê êà, çàáðîøåííàÿ ëþäüìè. Âåðîÿòíî, ïòèöà óñòàíîâëåí íà îïóøêå áàéðà÷íîãî êîëêà 2 áûëà ñèëüíî íàïóãàíà, ïîýòîìó è íå ïðåäïðè- ïëîùàäüþ 0,27 êì è ïåðèìåòðîì 1,98 êì, íèìàëà àòàê.  îäíîì ñëó÷àå (5,26%) ñàìêà óäàë¸ííîãî îò ãåíêîâñêèõ ëåñîïîëîñ, íà- èìèòèðîâàëà àòàêó, óõîäÿ îò íàáëþäàòåëÿ ñåë¸ííûõ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòüþ, íà â íåñêîëüêèõ ìåòðàõ.  õîäå íåñêîëüêèõ 4 êì è èçîëèðîâàííîãî îò íèõ ïîñåâàìè àòàê ïòèöà òàê è íå ïðèáëèçèëàñü íà äèñ- çåðíîâûõ. Îðèåíòèðóÿñü íà ýòîò ôàêò, òàíöèþ, ïîçâîëÿþùóþ óäàðèòü ÷åëîâåêà ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü äàëüíåéøóþ óñïåø- êîãòÿìè. Èç ñàìîê, íå ó÷àñòâîâàâøèõ â àòà- íîñòü ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè èìåííî êàõ, äâå íàñèæèâàëè êëàäêè, â òîì ÷èñëå â íåáîëüøèå áàéðà÷íûå êîëêè ïî áàëêàì, îäíà ïòèöà íàñèæèâàëà ñâåæóþ êëàäêó èç 1 óäàë¸ííûå îò êðóïíûõ êîëêîâûõ ëåñîâ è ÿéöà, è îäíà – ãðåëà 1 ïóõîâèêà. ãåíêîâñêèõ ëåñîïîëîñ, ãäå âåðîÿòíî îáè- Áëèç ãí¸çä ñ êðóïíûìè ïòåíöàìè âñå òàíèå äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè. 100% ñàìîê íàõîäèëèñü ïîáëèçîñòè îò ãíåçäà íà ïðèñàäå ëèáî ñèäåëè íåïîñðåä- Îáñóæäåíèå ñòâåííî â ãíåçäå èëè íà í¸ì è íàïàäàëè Îäèí èç ãëàâíûõ âîïðîñîâ, âîçíèêàþ- íà èññëåäîâàòåëåé. Àòàêè íàáëþäàëèñü â ùèé ïîñëå ïðîâåäåíèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 39

ïðèâëå÷åíèþ äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé â òðè ñôîðìèðîâàííîé ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïè- èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ, – íàñêîëüêî äàí- ðîâêè ïîêàçàòåëü óâåëè÷åíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè íûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ óâåëè÷èâàþò èõ ãíåçäî- äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü âóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü? Îïðåäåë¸ííî, èñêóñ- îïòèìàëüíûì îêîëî 10%. ñòâåííûå ãí¸çäà óâåëè÷èâàþò ÷èñëåííîñòü  ñóáîïòèìàëüíûõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ äëèí- ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ñîâ, â îñîáåííîñòè â íîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ (òà- ñóáîïòèìàëüíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ ñ ÿâíûì êèõ, êàê ïëîùàäêè 1 è 4) ïîêàçàòåëü óâå- ëèìèòîì ïîëíîöåííîãî ãíåçäîâîãî ôîíäà. ëè÷åíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ìîæåò áûòü î÷åíü Íî, ó÷èòûâàÿ òðóäíîñòü ïîëíîãî âûÿâëåíèÿ âûñîêèì ïðè ïðàâèëüíîì ïëàíèðîâàíèè ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ â åñòåñòâåííûõ ãí¸çäàõ ñõåìû ðàçâåøèâàíèÿ èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåç- íåÿñûòåé, äîâîëüíî ñëîæíî îïðåäåëèòü, äîâèé, îäíàêî çàñåëåíèå ñîâàìè ÿùèêîâ íàñêîëüêî óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ðàç- áóäåò ïðîèñõîäèòü ïî ìåðå ïîÿâëåíèÿ íà ìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð. ýòèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ ñâîáîäíûõ ïòèö. Ïðè  ðåçóëüòàòå äàííîãî ïðîåêòà çàíÿòîñòü ýòîì îñíîâíûìè ôàêòîðàìè, îïðåäåëÿþ- ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ íà ïëîùàäêàõ 2 è 3 íà ùèìè çàñåëåíèå, áóäóò òàêèå, êàê íàëè÷èå ñëåäóþùèé ãîä ïîñëå óñòàíîâêè ñîñòàâèëà ïîáëèçîñòè óñòîé÷èâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè âèäà (n=52) 53,85% (ñ ó÷¸òîì ÿùèêîâ, àáîíè- è ñòåïåíü äèñïåðñèè ñâîáîäíûõ îñîáåé â ðóåìûõ ïàðàìè, ðàçìíîæàþùèìèñÿ â åñòå- ñóáîïòèìàëüíûå áèîòîïû. Äàííûå ôàêòî- ñòâåííûõ ãí¸çäàõ). Äâóêðàòíûìè ó÷¸òàìè ðû äîâîëüíî ñëîæíî ïðîãíîçèðîâàòü, ïî- 2008 è 2009 ãã. íà ïëîùàäêàõ 2 è 3 äîñòî- ýòîìó ôàêòè÷åñêèé ðåçóëüòàò áóäåò âñåãäà âåðíî äîêàçàíî, ÷òî íà 52,94% ó÷àñòêîâ ïðèíîñèòü îïðåäåë¸ííûå ñþðïðèçû (îò (n=34) ñîâû ïðèñóòñòâîâàëè äî óñòàíîâ- ïðîâàëà äî îøåëîìëÿþùåãî óñïåõà). êè ÿùèêîâ. Íà ýòèõ ïëîùàäêàõ íà 29,41% Ðåàëüíàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü óñïåøíî ðàç- ó÷àñòêîâ (n=34) ñîâû çàíÿëè ÿùèêè, ãäå èõ ìíîæàþùèõñÿ äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé â ïðèñóòñòâèå ðàíåå íå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëîñü. óñòîé÷èâûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâêàõ ñ äî- Òåì íå ìåíåå, îäíîçíà÷íî îá óâåëè÷åíèè ìèíèðóþùèì ãíåçäîâàíèåì â åñòåñòâåííûõ ÷èñëåííîñòè ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü ëèøü â ñëó- ãí¸çäàõ, âèäèìî, âñåãäà íèæå, ÷åì ìîæåò ÷àå 8,82% ïàð îò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà áûòü ïðè ãíåçäîâàíèè â èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåç- â çîíå ó÷¸òà, ò.ê. òîëüêî äëÿ ýòèõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñ äîâüÿõ, óñòàíîâëåííûõ ïî ÷¸òêî âûâåðåí- óâåðåííîñòüþ ìîæíî óêàçûâàòü áûëîå îò- íîé ñõåìå ðàâíîìåðíîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ñóòñòâèå íà íèõ ñîâ ïî ïðè÷èíå ðàñïîëî- ãí¸çä. Ñâÿçàíî ýòî ñ òåì, ÷òî èç-çà ëèìèòà æåíèÿ çäåñü íàøèõ ìíîãîäíåâíûõ ñòîÿíîê, ïîäõîäÿùèõ ìåñò äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ íåêî- íà êîòîðûõ â ïåðèîä óñòàíîâêè ãíåçäîâûõ òîðûå ïàðû ëèáî ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ ñëèøêîì ÿùèêîâ (â 2008 ã.) ðåãèñòðèðîâàëàñü âî- áëèçêî äðóã ê äðóãó, âñòóïàÿ â êîíêóðåí- êàëèçàöèÿ ñîâ â ðàäèóñå 1,5–2 êì, è áûëè öèþ çà ïèùó, ëèáî íå íàõîäÿò ïîäõîäÿùèõ òùàòåëüíî îñìîòðåíû ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå óñëîâèé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ è íå ðàçìíîæàþò- áèîòîïû. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïðè óâåëè÷åíèè ñÿ, ëèáî ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ áåçóñïåøíî ñ ïîòå- ãíåçäîâîãî ôîíäà ñ ïîìîùüþ ÿùèêîâ âíó- ðåé êëàäîê è âûâîäêîâ.  ëþáîì ñëó÷àå, â ïîïóëÿöèè èìåþòñÿ êàê ñâîáîäíûå îñîáè, Ïòåíöû äëèííîõâîñòîé òàê è íåðàçìíîæàþùèåñÿ ïàðû, êîòîðûå íåÿñûòè â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ. è îïðåäåëÿþò ñêîðîñòü ðîñòà ÷èñëåííîñòè Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà è ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè ïðè ðåàëèçàöèè È. Êàðÿêèíà. áèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé. Chicks of the Ural Owl Êàê ïîêàçûâàåò ðåçóëüòàò ïðîåêòà, íà in nestboxes. ïëîùàäêàõ â îïòèìàëüíûõ äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ ñîâ Photos by A. Levashkin ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ ãíåçäîâîé ôîíä and I. Karyakin. ïîñëå ðåàëèçàöèè ìåðîïðèÿòèé íåçíà÷è- òåëüíî ïðåâûñèë ñðåäíèå âîçìîæíîñòè åãî çàñåëåíèÿ ñîâàìè. Ó÷èòûâàÿ òî, ÷òî ðàçíûå ïàðû äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé ñïîñîáíû ñîñåäñòâîâàòü äðóã ñ äðóãîì íà ðàññòîÿíèè 500–800 ì, ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü ñõåìó ðàñïðå- äåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâèé ÷åðåç 1 êì ïî âíåøíåé îïóøêå ëåñíûõ ìàññèâîâ îïðàâäàííîé. Ïîêà íå ñîâñåì ïîíÿòíî, êàê ìîæåò èçìå- íÿòüñÿ ñòðóêòóðà ïëîòíîé ãíåçäîâîé ãðóï- ïèðîâêè ñ ðàâíîìåðíûì ðàñïðåäåëåíèåì ïàð ïðè ïàäåíèè ÷èñëåííîñòè îñíîâíûõ âèäîâ äîáû÷è. Íî óæå ñåé÷àñ ÿñíî, ÷òî 40 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Âûâîäêè äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ, óñòàíîâëåííûõ äëÿ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè (Strix aluco) íà ïëîùàä- êå 4. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà è À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Broods of the Ural Owl in nestboxes for the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) in the plot 4. Photos by I. Karyakin and A. Levashkin.

ïðè âñïûøêàõ ÷èñëåííîñòè ìûøåâèäíûõ íà ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé ñïåöèàëèçàöèè ðàçíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ îñíîâíûì îáú- ïàð ïðè îñâîåíèè ðàçíîãî êîðìîâîãî ðå- åêòîì ïèòàíèÿ ñîâ â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè, ñóðñà â ðàçíûõ òèïàõ áèîòîïîâ è ñèëüíîé ñòîëü ïëîòíàÿ ñõåìà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåç- ðàçíèöå â ñðîêàõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áëèæàé- äîâûõ ÿùèêîâ áóäåò òîëüêî ñïîñîáñòâî- øèõ ñîñåäåé (ñì. íèæå). âàòü óâåëè÷åíèþ ÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäÿùèõ- Áîëüøàÿ ðàçíèöà â ñðîêàõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ñÿ íåÿñûòåé. Çàêëþ÷åíèå ýòî áàçèðóåòñÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè íà îäíîé è òîé æå Åñòåñòâåííûå ãí¸çäà òåððèòîðèè ìîæåò áûòü âûçâàíà ðàçíûìè äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñû- ïðè÷èíàìè. Âûäâèíóòàÿ åù¸ â 2008 ã. ãè- òè. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ïîòåçà î òîì, ÷òî ïîçäíèå (ìàéñêèå) êëàäêè Natural nests of the Ural ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñëåäñòâèåì ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ íîâûõ Owl. ïàð ó äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé, êîòîðûå íà- Photos by I. Karyakin. õîäÿò è çàíèìàþò ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè ïîçæå íîðìàëüíûõ äëÿ âèäà ñðîêîâ (íå îñåíüþ, à âåñíîé), íå îïðàâäàëà ñåáÿ.  ÷àñòíîñòè, áîëüøàÿ ðàçíèöà â ñðîêàõ íà äâóõ ñîñåäíèõ ó÷àñòêàõ íåÿñûòåé (ñâåæàÿ êëàäêà è âûâî- äîê, ãîòîâûé ïîêèíóòü ãíåçäî) íàáëþäàëàñü íà ïëîùàäêå 2 â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ, óñòàíîâ- ëåííûõ â 2007 ã. è çàíèìàâøèõñÿ ñîâàìè â 2008–2009 ãã. Òàêàÿ æå ðàçíèöà îòìå÷åíà è â åñòåñòâåííûõ ãí¸çäàõ, è íà ó÷àñòêàõ, ãäå ñîâû çàíÿëè ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè íà ñâîèõ ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ, ïåðåìåñòèâøèñü èç åñòåñòâåííûõ ãí¸çä, õîòÿ óæå â ïåðèîä îñåííåãî òîêîâàíèÿ îíè èìåëè âîçìîæ- íîñòü îñâîèòü ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè è êëàñòüñÿ â ðàííèå ñðîêè. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ïðè÷èíà ðàç- íèöû ñðîêîâ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè êðîåòñÿ â äðóãîì è íèêàê íå ñâÿçà- íà ñ áèîòåõíè÷åñêèìè ìåðîïðèÿòèÿìè. Åñòü íåñêîëüêî ïðåäïîëîæåíèé âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ ñòîëü áîëüøîé ðàçíèöû â ôåíîëîãèè ðàç- ìíîæåíèÿ âèäà. Ïåðâîå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå – âûñîêàÿ äîëÿ ñìåðòíîñòè âçðîñëûõ ïòèö.  ðåçóëüòàòå íåêîòîðûå ïàðû ôîðìèðóþòñÿ ëèøü âåñíîé è ïðèñòóïàþò ê ðàçìíîæåíèþ ïîçäíî. Åñòü âñå îáúåêòèâíûå ïðåäïîñûëêè ê âûñîêîé ñìåðòíîñòè ïòèö íà äàííîé òåð- ðèòîðèè.  ÷àñòíîñòè, âûÿâëåíà ãèáåëü íà ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ, äîñòèãàþùàÿ 5,41% îò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2008). Îäíàêî, ïîêà íå óäàëîñü ïîëó÷èòü ÷¸òêîé êîððåëÿöèè ïîçäíåãî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ïàð íè ñ èõ ãíåçäîâàíèåì â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ïòè- öåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ, íè ñ íàëè÷èåì ìîëîäûõ Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 41

ïàðòí¸ðîâ â ïàðàõ. ïåðâîå äîêóìåíòàëüíîå ñâèäåòåëüñòâî òà- Âòîðîå ïðåäïîëîæåíèå – áëàãîäàðÿ êîãî áîëüøîãî âûâîäêà è ñèìâîëè÷íî, ÷òî áîëüøîé ðàçíèöå â ñðîêàõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ îí îáíàðóæåí èìåííî â ãíåçäîâîì ÿùèêå ñîñåäñòâóþùèå ïàðû ïî-ðàçíîìó îêàçû- (ïàðà íåÿñûòåé çàíèìàåò ÿùèê âòîðîé ãîä). âàþò ïðåññ íà êîðìîâîé ðåñóðñ, òåì ñà- ìûì èçáåãàÿ îáîñòðåíèÿ êîíêóðåíòíûõ Çàêëþ÷åíèå îòíîøåíèé â ñôåðå äîáû÷è ïðîïèòàíèÿ. Ðåàëèçàöèÿ íà÷àëüíîãî ýòàïà ïðîãðàììû Êàê è â ïðåäûäóùåì ñëó÷àå, äîêàçàòåëüñòâ «Âîññòàíîâëåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè õèùíûõ ïòèö ýòîìó ïðåäïîëîæåíèþ íå ïîëó÷åíî è îíî íà òåððèòîðèè Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè íà 2005– òðåáóåò äàëüíåéøåãî èçó÷åíèÿ. 2010 ãã.» ïîêàçàëà âûñîêóþ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü Èç-çà áîëüøîé ðàçíèöû â êîëè÷åñòâå ÿèö ïðåäëîæåííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî óëó÷øå- â êëàäêàõ è ïòåíöîâ â âûâîäêàõ ó ðàçíûõ íèþ ãíåçäîâîãî ôîíäà äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé ïàð, êàê â åñòåñòâåííûõ, òàê è â èñêóññòâåí- íåÿñûòè è ïîçâîëèëà ñêîððåêòèðîâàòü ìå- íûõ ãí¸çäàõ, íå óäàëîñü îòâåòèòü íà âîïðîñ, òîäè÷åñêóþ ñòîðîíó ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïðè- íàñêîëüêî ïîëîæèòåëüíî âëèÿþò ãíåçäîâûå âëå÷åíèþ ñåðîé íåÿñûòè.  äàëüíåéøåì ÿùèêè íà óâåëè÷åíèå êëàäîê è âûâîäêîâ. ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ïðîäîëæåíèå ðàáîò â äàííîì Äàæå â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ â ïðåäåëàõ îäíî- íàïðàâëåíèè, óâåëè÷åíèå îáú¸ìà ðàáîò ïî ãî êëàñòåðà ëåñà êîëè÷åñòâî ïòåíöîâ â âû- ñåðîé íåÿñûòè è óãëóáëåíèå èññëåäîâàíèé âîäêàõ èçìåíÿåòñÿ â øèðîêèõ ïðåäåëàõ, ãíåçäîâîé áèîëîãèè îáîèõ âèäîâ. ÷òî ñâÿçàíî â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñ êîíêðåòíîé êîðìîâîé ñèòóàöèåé íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå Ëèòåðàòóðà ñîâ è èõ ñïîñîáíîñòüþ ê îñâîåíèþ äîñòóï- Àíäðååíêîâ Î.Â., Àíäðååíêîâà Í.Ã., Æèìó- íîãî êîðìîâîãî ðåñóðñà. Ëó÷øàÿ çàùèù¸í- ë¸â È.Ô. Ïðèâëå÷åíèå äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé íîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ, â îòëè÷èå îò ïîëó- íà ãíåçäîâàíèå â îêðåñòíîñòè Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî îòêðûòûõ äóïåë, îïðåäåë¸ííî óâåëè÷èâàåò Àêàäåìãîðîäêà, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è øàíñû íà âûæèâàíèå áîëüøåãî êîëè÷åñòâà èõ îõðàíà. 2008. ¹14. Ñ. 39–42. ïòåíöîâ, íî ôàêòè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ ïî ýòîìó Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï., Ãëûáèíà Ì.À., âîïðîñó ïîêà íå ïîëó÷åíî èç-çà ìàëîãî Ïèòåðîâà Å.Í. Îöåíêà óðîâíÿ ãèáåëè õèùíûõ ñðîêà íàáëþäåíèÿ çà ñîâàìè, ãíåçäÿùèìè- ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è 6–10 ê â Êèíåëüñêîì ðàéîíå Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè ÃÈÑ- ñÿ â åñòåñòâåííûõ è èñêóññòâåííûõ ãí¸çäàõ. ìåòîäàìè. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. Äî íà÷àëà ðàáîò ïî óñòðîéñòâó ãíåçäîâûõ 2008. ¹14. Ñ. 50–58. ÿùèêîâ â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè âûâîäêè äëèí- Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ. Õèùíûå ïòèöû íîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè, îáíàðóæåííûå â åñòå- Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè. Ñàìàðà, 2008. 66 ñ. Âûâîäîê äëèííîõâî- ñòâåííûõ ãí¸çäàõ, ñîñòîÿëè èç 2–4 ïòåíöîâ, ñòîé íåÿñûòè èç 6 ïòåí- Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. Êðàò- öîâ. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. â ñðåäíåì (n=8) 2,85±0,69 ïòåíöîâ.  ñåçîí êàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î ñîâðåìåííîì ñòàòóñå ñåðîé Brood of the Ural Owl 2009 ã. âûâîäêè äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé â íåÿñûòè â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ðåäêèå with 6 chicks. ÿùèêàõ ñîñòîÿëè èç 1–6 ïòåíöîâ, â ñðåäíåì âèäû æèâûõ îðãàíèçìîâ Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà- Photo by I. Karyakin. (n=14) 2,71±1,44 ïòåíöîâ, à â åñòåñòâåííûõ ñòè: Ñáîðíèê ðàáî÷èõ ìàòåðèàëîâ Êîìèññèè ïî ãí¸çäàõ – èç 1–4 Êðàñíîé êíèãå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. Âûï. 1. ïòåíöîâ, â ñðåäíåì Í.Íîâãîðîä, 2008. Ñ. 102–104. (n=5) 2,2±1,3 ïòåí- Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ äëèí- öîâ. Ñðåäíèå ïî- íîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ êàçàòåëè ïî 2009 ã. â Áîãîðîäñêîì ðàéîíå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëà- óñëîâíî óêàçûâàþò ñòè â 2006 ãîäó, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è íà áîëüøåå êîëè- èõ îõðàíà. 2006. ¹6. Ñ. 21–23. ÷åñòâî ïòåíöîâ â Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. Ðåçóëüòàòû ìîíèòîðèíãà ãíåç- âûâîäêàõ, âûðîñ- äîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé, øèõ â ãíåçäîâûõ ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ íà òåð- ðèòîðèè Áîãîðîäñêîãî ðàéîíà Íèæåãîðîäñêîé ÿùèêàõ, íî, ñêîðåå îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ âñåãî, ýòî ïðîñòî îõðàíà. 2008. ¹14. Ñ. 43–44. àðòåôàêò íàáëþäå- Ìàëûøîê Â.Ì., Êíûø Í.Ï. Î ãíåçäîâàíèè íèé.  òî æå âðåìÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè íà ãðàíèöå Áðÿíñêîé ñëåäóåò îáðàòèòü è Ñóìñêîé îáëàñòåé. – Áåðêóò. 2001. ¹10. âíèìàíèå íà ôàêò Âûï. 2. Ñ. 243–245. âñòðå÷è âûâîäêà èç Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ 6 ïòåíöîâ, ãîòîâûõ ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â èñêóñ- ïîêèíóòü ãíåçäîâîé ñòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîñ- ÿùèê. Äëÿ òåððè- ñèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2007. òîðèè Ðîññèè ýòî ¹10. Ñ. 14–16. 42 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ResultsoftheUralOwlAttractingintoNestboxesinthe N.NovgorodDistrict,Russia РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРИВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ДЛИННОХВОСТОЙ НЕЯСЫТИ В ИСКУССТВЕННЫЕ ГНЕЗДОВЬЯ В НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ LevashkinA.P.(StatePedagogicalUniversity,RussianBirdConservationUnion, N.NovgorodBranch,Russia) Левашкин А.П. (Нижегородский педагогический университет, Нижегородское отделение Союза охраны птиц России, Нижний Новгород, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Àáñòðàêò Àëåêñåé Ëåâàøêèí  ñòàòüå îáîáùåíû ðåçóëüòàòû ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè (Strix uralensis) â Áî- Íèæåãîðîäñêîå ãîðîäñêîì ðàéîíå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 2006–2009 ãã.  ðàçâåøåííûõ ÷åòûð¸õ ÿùèêàõ ñîâû ãíåçäÿòñÿ îòäåëåíèå Ñîþçà óñïåøíî åæåãîäíî. Çà 4 ãîäà íàáëþäåíèé (2006–2009 ãã.) ðàçìåð êëàäîê ñîñòàâèë â ñðåäíåì (n=8) 3,6±0,87 îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè (3–5) ÿèö, ÷èñëî ïòåíöîâ, ïîêèíóâøèõ ãíåçäî, â ñðåäíåì (n=7) 3,1±1,20 (1–4) ïòåíöà. 603009, Ðîññèÿ Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ñîâû, äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü, Strix uralensis, áèîòåõíè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, èñêóññòâåííûå Í. Íîâãîðîä ãíåçäîâüÿ, ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè, ãíåçäîâàÿ áèîëîãèÿ. óë. Áîí÷-Áðóåâè÷à, 1–56 òåë.: +7 831 464 30 96 Abstract ìîá.: +7 952 781 71 98 The paper summarizes the results of activities for the Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) attracting into nestboxes carried out in the Bogorodsk region of the N. Novgorod district in 2006–2009. Owl breed successfully in 4 installed nestboxes [email protected] every year. For 4 years of monitoring (2006–2009) the average clutch size was 3.6±0.87 (n=8; range 3–5) eggs, average brood size was 3.1±1.20 (n=7; range 1–4) fledglings. Keywords: Owls, Ural Owl, Strix uralensis, nestboxes, breeding biology. Contact: Alexey Levashkin Russian Bird Conservation Union Ââåäåíèå Activity for noting and attracting owls into N. Novgorod Branch Ñîþçîì îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè åæåãîäíî nestboxes was carried out in the in the Bo- Bonch-Bruevich str., 1–56 ïðîâîäèòñÿ àêöèÿ «Ïòèöà ãîäà». Ïòèöåé gorodsk region of the N. Novgorod district Nizhniy Novgorod 603009 Russia 2005 ã. áûëà âûáðàíà ñîâà.  ðàìêàõ àêöèè as an action of the Russian Bird Conservation tel.: +7 831 464 30 96 äëÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ âèäîâ ñîâ áûëî ïðåäëîæå- Union “Owl – Bird of Russia in 2005”. Nest- mob.: +7 952 781 71 98 íî ïðîâåñòè áèîòåõíè÷åñêèå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ boxes were installed in 3 known breeding [email protected] (Áàêêà è äð., 2006). Íàìè áûëà âûáðàíà territories and 1 habitat suitable for the Ural äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix uralensis), êàê Owl (Strix uralensis) breeding at the end âèä ñ âûñîêîé ÷èñëåííîñòüþ è òÿãîòåþùèé of August, 2005 (Levashkin, 2006). That ê óñòðîéñòâó ãí¸çä â äóïëàõ. Âî âòîðè÷íûõ area was surveyed in details in 2006–2009. ëåñàõ íåÿñûòÿì ñëîæíî íàéòè ïîäõîäÿ- All 4 nestboxes were occupied by pairs of ùèå äóïëà äîñòàòî÷íûõ ðàçìåðîâ, ïîýòîìó the Ural Owl. The average clutch size was óñòàíîâêà èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé âñåëÿ- (n=8) 3.6±0.87 (3–5) eggs and brood size ëà íàäåæäó íà ïîëîæèòåëüíûé ðåçóëüòàò. was (n=7) 3.1±1.20 (1–4) chicks. Dates of breeding fluctuate very much on years. The laying of eggs in one of nestboxes began at the second decade of March that was for a month earlier than average dates of the beginning of a laying. In particular, in 2006 the laying begun in 3 nestboxes on 15–20 April. There is the fact drawing attention that in one of boxes breeding begins always earlier, than in the others. Annual occupa- tion of all nestboxes by Ural Owls demon- strates their more attractiveness to the owls than natural hollows.

Äëèííîõâîñòàÿ íåÿñûòü (Strix uralensis) ñ ïòåíöàìè â ãíåçäîâîì ÿùèêå. Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) with chicks in a nestbox. Photo by A. Levashkin. Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 43

òîðîì Garmin Etrex è âíåñåíû â ArcView GIS 3.3.  2006 ã. ïðîâåðêà áûëà ïðîâåäå- íà â êîíöå àïðåëÿ, â òå÷åíèå ìàÿ è â èþíå, â 2007 ã. – 1, 9 è 16 ìàÿ, â 2008 ã. – 13 è 17 àïðåëÿ, â 2009 ã. – 26 àïðåëÿ (Ëåâàø- êèí, 2006; 2008à; 2008á).

Ðåçóëüòàòû è èõ îáñóæäåíèå Ñ 2006 ã. ñîâû åæåãîäíî èñïîëüçóþò âñå 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêà äëÿ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ. Ñðî- êè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ î÷åíü ñèëüíî êîëåáëþò- ñÿ ïî ãîäàì.  ÷àñòíîñòè, â 2006 ã. â òð¸õ ãíåçäîâüÿõ êëàäêà íà÷àëàñü 15–20 àïðåëÿ.  2008 ã. â îäíîì èç ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ îò- êëàäêà ÿèö íà÷àëàñü ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî â 10-õ ÷èñëàõ ìàðòà, ÷òî íà ìåñÿö ðàíüøå ñðåäíèõ ñðîêîâ íà÷àëà êëàäêè, à â 2009 ã. â äâóõ ãíåçäîâüÿõ – âåðîÿòíî, â êîíöå ôåâ- Ðèñ. 1. Ðàéîí ðàáîò. Ìåòîäèêà ðàëÿ è íà÷àëå ìàðòà. Âûëóïëåíèå è âûëåò Fig. 1. Surveyed area. Íà òåððèòîðèè Áîãîðîäñêîãî ðàéîíà ïòåíöîâ, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî, òàêæå âàðüèðóþò Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 18 êì îò Íèæ- â ðàçíûå ãîäû. Îáðàùàåò íà ñåáÿ âíèìà- íåãî Íîâãîðîäà áûëà âûáðàíà òåððèòîðèÿ íèå òîò ôàêò, ÷òî â îäíîì èç ÿùèêîâ ðàç- ïëîùàäüþ 57 êì2 – å¸ ñîñòàâëÿþò äà÷íûå ìíîæåíèå íà÷èíàåòñÿ âñåãäà ðàíüøå, ÷åì êîìïëåêñû, àãðîöåíîçû, îêðóæåííûå âòî- â îñòàëüíûõ.  2009 ã. 26 àïðåëÿ îí îêà- ðè÷íûìè ëåñàìè.  êîíöå àâãóñòà 2005 ã. çàëñÿ ïóñòûì, òàê êàê ê ìîìåíòó ïðîâåðêè íà òð¸õ èçâåñòíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ è îäíîì ïðè- ïòåíöû óæå ïîêèíóëè ãíåçäîâüå (â ïðîâå- ãîäíîì äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿ- ðåííîì â ýòîò æå äåíü äðóãîì ãíåçäîâîì ñûòåé áûëè óñòàíîâëåíû ãíåçäîâûå ÿùèêè ÿùèêå áûëè êðóïíûå ïòåíöû, êîòîðûå ÷å- îïòèìàëüíûõ ðàçìåðîâ (Ëåâàøêèí, 2006). ðåç íåñêîëüêî äíåé äîëæíû áûëè ïîêèíóòü Ðàçìåðû ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ ñëåäóþùèå: ãíåçäî).  äâóõ äðóãèõ ÿùèêàõ ñðîêè ðàç- Ðèñ. 2. Ãíåçäîâûå 25õ30õ60 ñì è 30õ30õ60 ñì (ïî 2 øò.), ìíîæåíèÿ ñõîæè, à â ÷åòâ¸ðòîì ðàçìíî- ó÷àñòêè äëèííîõâî- ëåòîê 30õ30 ñì (3 øò.) è 16õ17 ñì (1 øò.). æåíèå ñàìîå ïîçäíåå èç âñåõ â ïðîâåðÿå- ñòûõ íåÿñûòåé (Strix Òðè ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêà áûëè óñòàíîâëåíû íà ìîé ãðóïïå ãíåçäîâèé. uralensis), ðàçìíîæàþ- ùèõñÿ â åñòåñòâåííûõ ñîñíàõ è îäèí – íà äóáå. Âûñîòà îò çåìëè Çà 4 ãîäà íàáëþäåíèé (2006–2009 ãã.) ãíåçäàõ è ãíåçäîâûõ ñîñòàâèëà 6–8,5 ì. Íà äíî íàñûïàëñÿ ñëîé ðàçìåð êëàäîê ñîñòàâèë â ñðåäíåì (n=8) ÿùèêàõ íà ïëîùàäêå. îïèëîê – îêîëî 10 ñì. Òàêæå ðàñ÷èùàëñÿ 3,6±0,87 (3–5) ÿèö, ÷èñëî ïòåíöîâ, ïîêè- Fig. 2. Breeding ïîäë¸ò ê ãíåçäîâîìó ÿùèêó îò ñó÷êîâ è íóâøèõ ãíåçäî, â ñðåäíåì (n=7) 3,1±1,20 territories of the Ural âåòîê. ßùèêè áûëè óñòàíîâëåíû íà ðàñ- (1–4) ïòåíöà.  2008 ã. áûëà ïðåäëîæåíà Owl (Strix uralensis) ñòîÿíèè 1,85, 2,85 è 4,89 êì äðóã îò äðóãà. âåðñèÿ, ÷òî äëèííîõâîñòûå íåÿñûòè ïî- nesting in natural and artificial nests in the Êîîðäèíàòû ìåñò óñòàíîâêè áûëè îïðåäå- âòîðíî ïðèñòóïÿò ê ðàçìíîæåíèþ ëåòîì. study plot. ëåíû ïåðñîíàëüíûì ñïóòíèêîâûì íàâèãà- Äëÿ ïðîâåðêè ãèïîòåçû 30–31 èþëÿ âñå èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ áûëè îñìîòðåíû åù¸ ðàç, îäíàêî âåðñèÿ íå ïîäòâåðäèëàñü, ëèøü â îäíîì èç ÿùèêîâ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ïîãèáøåå ÿéöî èç âåñåííåé êëàäêè. Åæåãîäíàÿ çàñåëÿåìîñòü âñåõ ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ äëèííîõâîñòûìè íåÿñûòÿìè ïî- êàçûâàåò, ÷òî îíè áîëåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíû äëÿ ñîâ, íåæåëè åñòåñòâåííûå äóïëà. Îíè èìåþò îïòèìàëüíûå ðàçìåðû, òàêèå, ÷òî ïðè áîëüøîì âûâîäêå íå ïðîèçîéäåò çà- òàïòûâàíèÿ ìëàäøèõ ïòåíöîâ ñòàðøèìè, è ïðè ïîõîëîäàíèÿõ ñàìêè ñìîãóò ñîãðåòü êëàäêè èëè ïòåíöîâ. Îò ïîïàäàíèÿ îñàä- êîâ ãíåçäîâüÿ çàùèùàþò êðûøêè. Âòîðè÷- íûå ëåñà (êóëüòóðû ñîñíû è ìîëîäûå áåðåçíÿêè) õàðàêòåðèçóþòñÿ ìàëûì êî- ëè÷åñòâîì äóïåë, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ðàçìíî- æåíèÿ äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé. Êàê èç- 44 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Äëèííîõâîñòûå íåÿñû- òè, à òàêæå èõ êëàäêè è âûâîäêè, â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ â 2006–2008 ãã. Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Ural Owls, their clutches and broods, in nestboxes in 2006–2008. Photos by A. Levaskin.

íà÷àëüíûé äóïëîãíåçäíèê, äëèííîõâîñòàÿ âûõ ÿùèêîâ äëÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â Áîãî- íåÿñûòü ïðåäïî÷èòàåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ â çàêðû- ðîäñêîì ðàéîíå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîñ- òûõ óêðûòèÿõ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñ ïîìîùüþ ñèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2008à. ïðîâîäèìûõ áèîòåõíè÷åñêèõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ¹11. Ñ. 22. ìîæíî óâåëè÷èâàòü ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. Ðåçóëüòàòû ìîíèòîðèíãà ãíåç- äîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé, äëèííîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé, à óñòàíàâëèâàÿ ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ íà òåð- èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ íà óæå èçâåñòíûõ ðèòîðèè Áîãîðîäñêîãî ðàéîíà Íèæåãîðîäñêîé ó÷àñòêàõ – ïîâûøàòü ïîêàçàòåëè óñïåõà ðàç- îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ ìíîæåíèÿ. Òàêæå äëèííîõâîñòûå íåÿñûòè îõðàíà. 2008á. ¹14. Ñ. 43–44. ìîãóò èãðàòü ðîëü åñòåñòâåííûõ ðåãóëÿòî- ðîâ ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, ïåðåíîñÿùèõ îïàñíûå äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà çàáîëåâàíèÿ.  äàëüíåéøåì ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ïðîäîëæàòü ìîíèòîðèíã äàííîé ãðóïïèðîâêè äëèí- íîõâîñòûõ íåÿñûòåé, à òàêæå óñòàíîâèòü íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè â îïòèìàëüíûõ ìåñòàõ äîïîëíèòåëüíî åù¸ íåñêîëüêî ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêîâ.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Êèñåë¸âà Í.Þ., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. Ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî ïðèâëå÷åíèþ ñîâ â èñêóñ- ñòâåííûå ãí¸çäà â 2005 ã. â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îá- ëàñòè. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2006. ¹5. Ñ. 19–20. Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ äëèí- íîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè â èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ â Áîãîðîäñêîì ðàéîíå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 2006 ãîäó. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2006. ¹6. Ñ. 21–23. Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðîâåðêè ãíåçäî-

Ïòåíöû äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè ðàçíîãî âîçðàñòà â ãíåçäîâûõ ÿùèêàõ, ïðîâåðåííûõ 26 àïðåëÿ 2009 ã. Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Chicks of different ages of the Ural Owl in nestboxes checked on 26 April 2009. Photos by A. Levashkin. Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 45

RaptorElectrocutionintheAltaiRegion:ResultsofSurveys in2009,Russia ГИБЕЛЬ ПЕРНАТЫХ ХИЩНИКОВ НА ЛЭП НА АЛТАЕ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ 2009 ГОДА, РОССИЯ KaryakinI.V.(CenterofFieldStudies,N.Novgorod,Russia) NikolenkoE.G.(SiberianEnvironmentalCenter,Novosibirsk,Russia) VazhovS.V.(AltaiStateUniversity,Barnaul,Russia) BekmansurovR.H.(NP"NizhnyayaKama",Elabuga,Russia) Карякин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н. Новгород, Россия) Николенко Э.Г. (МБОО «Сибирский экологический центр», Новосибирск, Россия) Важов С.В. (Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия) Бекмансуров Р.Х. (Национальный парк «Нижняя Кама», Елабуга, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Àáñòðàêò Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí  ñòàòüå ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è (ËÝÏ) â 2009 ã. â Àëòàé- Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ ñêîì êðàå è Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé. Ñ 15 ìàÿ ïî 27 èþëÿ 2009 ã. áûëî îñìîòðåíî 18 ó÷àñòêîâ ïòèöåîïàñíûõ (ÏÎ) èññëåäîâàíèé ËÝÏ îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 42,76 êì, ñ 9 ïî 20 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2009 ã. áûëî îñìîòðåíî 43 ó÷àñòêà îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸í- 603000 Ðîññèÿ íîñòüþ 135,06 êì.  ðåçóëüòàòå îñìîòðà ÏÎ ËÝÏ â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä îáíàðóæåíû îñòàíêè 144 ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 33,68 îñòàíêîâ íà 10 êì ëèíèé. Ñðåäè íàéäåííûõ îñòàíêîâ ïòèö óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17 àáñîëþòíî äîìèíèðîâàëè óòèëèçèðîâàííûå òðóïû – 61,1% (20,58 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé), à öåëûå òðóïû ñîñòàâèëè òåë.: +7 831 433 38 47 24,3% (8,19 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé).  ñðåäíåì ïî ðåãèîíó ëåòîì êàæäûå 5 äíåé ãèáíåò íå ìåíåå 5,84 ïòèö/10 êì [email protected] ÏÎ ËÝÏ, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò 35,04 ïòèö/10 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ â ìåñÿö èëè 105,12 ïòèö/10 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ çà òðè ìåñÿöà ãíåçäî- âîãî ïåðèîäà.  ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ ïòèö áåäåí – ýòî âðàíîâûå (n=144) – 70,83% è ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè – 29,17%. Èç ïòèö, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ðîññèè, íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ËÝÏ â ãíåç- Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî äîâîé ïåðèîä ïîãèáëè 10 îñîáåé ïÿòè âèäîâ (6,94% ïòèö): ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca), ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (A. nipalensis), ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus), ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) è ôèëèí (Bubo bubo).  ðåçóëüòàòå îñåííåãî îñìîòðà ÏÎ ËÝÏ ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» îáíàðóæåíû îñòàíêè 302 ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 32,68 îñòàíêîâ/10 630090 Ðîññèÿ êì ëèíèé.  îòëè÷èå îò ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà cðåäè íàéäåííûõ îñòàíêîâ ïòèö äîìèíèðîâàëè öåëûå òðóïû – 59,3% Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 (13,25 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé), ïðè÷¸ì â 89,4% ñëó÷àåâ (n=179) ýòî áûëè òðóïû ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ â òå÷åíèå òåë.: +7 383 363 00 59 5 äíåé äî ìîìåíòà èõ îáíàðóæåíèÿ. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ îñåíüþ, îêàçàëñÿ òàêèì æå, êàê è â [email protected] ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä: ïî-ïðåæíåìó äîìèíèðîâàëè âðàíîâûå (n=302) – 70,20% è ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè – 27,81%. Èç ïòèö, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ðîññèè, íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ËÝÏ â ñåíòÿáðå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà ãèáåëü 13 Ñåðãåé Âàæîâ îñîáåé òð¸õ âèäîâ (4,3% ïòèö): ìîãèëüíèê, ñòåïíîé îð¸ë è áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (A. clanga). Ïðè ñðåäíåé ïëîòíîñòè Àñïèðàíò Àëòàéñêîãî ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö íà ìîäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ (ñ ó÷¸òîì êîýôôèöèåíòà óòèëèçàöèè – 140,16 ïòèö/10 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà çà 4 ìåñÿöà), â öåëîì ïî ðåãèîíó â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä åæåãîäíî ãèáíåò 40,4 òûñ. îñîáåé. Îêîëî 11,4 òûñ. èç ïî- 659300 Ðîññèÿ ãèáàþùèõ íà ËÝÏ ïòèö – ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè, â ÷àñòíîñòè, ìîãèëüíèê – â ñðåäíåì 452 îñîáè (25,0% îò îöåíî÷íîé Áèéñê, à/ÿ 25 ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà â ðåãèîíå), ñòåïíîé îð¸ë – â ñðåäíåì 997 îñîáåé (45,0%), ñàïñàí – â ñðåäíåì 89 îñîáåé (8,4%). òåë.: +7 3854 35 72 52 Îöåíåííûé óùåðá îò ãèáåëè ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè ËÝÏ 6–10 ê â çîíå îòâåòñòâåííîñòè äâóõ ôèëèà- [email protected] ëîâ «ÌÐÑÊ Ñèáèðè» ñîñòàâëÿåò ìèíèìóì 150,1 ìëí. ðóá. â ãîä. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: õèùíûå ïòèöû, ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè, ËÝÏ, îöåíêà óùåðáà, Àëòàé Ðèíóð Áåêìàíñóðîâ Íàöèîíàëüíûé ïàðê Abstract «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà» There are the results of surveys of bird electrocution on overhead power lines (PL) in the Altai Kray and in the Republic 423600 Ðîññèÿ of Altai in 2009. We surveyed 18 PL with total length of 42.76 km since 15 May to 27 July 2009. Also 43 PL was inves- Òàòàðñòàí tigated since 9 to 20 September 2009. A total length of surveyed PL was 135,06 km – including almost all PL surveyed ã. Åëàáóãà in the breeding season as well as 93.68 km of PL non observed earlier. As a result of our surveys during the breeding ïð. Íåôòÿíèêîâ, 175 season carcasses of 144 birds killed by electrocution were recorded. The density was 33.68 carcasses per 10 km of PL. Analyzing found remains, fragmented carcasses dominated – 61.1% (20.58 carcasses/10 km of PL), and whole carcass- òåë.: +7 85557 4 33 56 es were 24.3% (8.19 carcasses/10 km of PL). Averaging in the region no less than 5.84 birds/10 km of PL were died [email protected] every other 5 days, or 35.04 birds/10 km of PL every other month or 105.12 birds/10 km of PL during 3 months of the breeding season. During the breeding season a number of species of birds died by electrocution is poor – crows (n=144) – 70.83% and raptors – 29.17%. We noted 10 died birds of 5 species listed in the Red Data Book (6.94% of birds): Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Steppe Eagle (A. nipalensis), Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). As a result of our autumn surveys of PL carcasses of 302 elec- trocuted birds were found. The density was 32.68 carcasses/10 km of PL. In contrast to the breeding season whole carcasses dominated – 59.3% (13.25 carcasses/10 km of PL) and in 89.4% of cases (n=179) it was carcasses of the birds electrocuted during last 5 days. The species of electrocuted birds in the autumn were the same as well as in the breeding season: crows (n=302) – 70.20% and raptors – 27.81% dominated. 13 carcasses of three species (4.3% of birds) listed in the Red Data Book of Russia was registered on surveyed PL in September: Imperial Eagle, Steppe Eagle and Greater Spotted Eagle (A. clanga). At the average density of electrocuted birds in surveyed territories, in all the region 40400 individuals are died by electrocution during the breeding season. And about 11400 electrocuted birds are raptors, in particular Imperial Eagle – averaging 452 individuals (25.0% of estimated species number in the region), Steppe Eagle – averaging 997 individuals (45.0%), Peregrine Falcon – averaging 89 individuals (8.4%). A total damage of bird deaths caused by electrocution at using of PL 6–10 kV in the zone of location of PL managed by IRDNC of Siberia is estimated at a minimum 150.1 million roubles a year. Keywords: birds of prey, raptors, power lines, electrocutions, estimation of damage, Altai Mountains. 46 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Contact: Ââåäåíèå Introduction Igor Karyakin  Ðîññèè ïðîáëåìà ãèáåëè ïòèö, â îñî- The problem of bird deaths caused by Center of Field Studies Korolenko str., 17a–17 áåííîñòè õèùíûõ, íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïå- electrocution has not studied in the Altai- Nizhniy Novgorod ðåäà÷è (ËÝÏ) ñòîèò î÷åíü îñòðî âî ìíî- Sayan until recent time. The the Siberian 603000 Russia ãèõ ðåãèîíàõ.  ïîñëåäíèå íåñêîëüêî ëåò Environmental Center within the limits tel.: +7 831 433 38 47 ðåøåíèþ äàííîé ïðîáëåìû óäåëÿåòñÿ âñ¸ under the project of UNDP/GEF «Biodiver- [email protected] áîëüøåå âíèìàíèå â Ïîâîëæüå (Êàðÿêèí è sity Conservation in the Russian Part of the Elvira Nikolenko äð., 2008; Ìàöûíà è äð., 2008; Ñàëòûêîâ, Altai-Sayan Ecoregion» carried out surveys NGO Siberian Environ- íàñò. ñá.). Îäíàêî, âî ìíîãèõ ðåãèîíàõ, â oriented to the problem of bird electrocu- mental Center òîì ÷èñëå è â íàèáîëåå áîãàòûõ ðåäêèìè tion in the Republic Altai and in the Altai P.O. Box 547 Novosibirsk âèäàìè, òàêèõ, êàê Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé, äàííàÿ Kray in 2009. 630090 Russia ïðîáëåìà äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè îñòàâà- tel.: +7 383 363 00 59 ëàñü íåèçó÷åííîé.  2009 ã. Ñèáèðñêèé Methods [email protected] ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà Interaction with network companies Sergey Vazhov ÏÐÎÎÍ/ÃÝÔ «Ñîõðàíåíèå áèîðàçíîî- During interaction with the network Altai State University áðàçèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî companies for the bird protective actions P.O. Box 25, Biysk Ýêîðåãèîíà» âçÿëñÿ çà èçó÷åíèå ïðîáëåìû realizing we has made the following: 659300 Russia ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé è 1. Owners of power lines and the compa- tel.: +7 3854 35 72 52 [email protected] â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå. nies which are responsible for their service in  ðàìêàõ ïèëîòíîãî ïðîåêòà ïëàíèðî- a region have been determined. Rinur Bekmansurov âàëîñü: 2. The companies haves been informed National Park 1. Íàëàäèòü ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî ñ ñåòåâûìè on a urgency of the problem, about ways of “Nizhnyaya Kama” Neftyanikov str., 175 êîìïàíèÿìè ðåãèîíà è îïðåäåëèòü ïóòè its solution, and also on lows of the Russian Elabuga âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ ñ íèìè äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ïðî- Federation, obliging them to provide safety Republic of Tatarstan áëåìû ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ. of technological processes for wildlife. 423600 Russia 2. Ïðîâåñòè ïîëåâûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, â 3. Cooperation under the project has tel.: +7 85557 4 33 56 [email protected] õîäå êîòîðûõ íà ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ïî- been offered to the network companies. ñ÷èòàòü ôàêòè÷åñêóþ ãèáåëü ïòèö â ãíåçäî- âîé ïåðèîä è â ïåðèîä îñåííåãî ïðîë¸òà. Surveys 3. Íà îñíîâå ñõåìû ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ïòè- We surveyed extensive territories of the öåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ (ÏÎ ËÝÏ) ñðåäíåé ìîù- Altai Kray and the Republic of Altai in 2009. íîñòè (6–10 êÂ) è ðåçóëüòàòîâ èññëåäîâà- The special consideration was given to íèé ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ âûÿâèòü ðàéîíû steppe depressions of the Republic of Altai ìàññîâîé ãèáåëè õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñïðîãíî- where the density of breeding rare species çèðîâàòü å¸ óðîâåíü â ñåçîíû ðàçìíîæå- is high. íèÿ è ïðîë¸òà äëÿ ðåãèîíà â öåëîì. Îöå- We carried out counts all carcasses of íèòü âêëàä ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ â ñíèæåíèå electrocuteb birds on power lines in study ÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ. plots one time in May-July and in Septem- 4. Äàòü êîíêðåòíûå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ñå- ber (fig. 1). Besides the counts electrocuted òåâûì êîìïàíèÿì ïî îñíàùåíèþ ÏÎ ËÝÏ birds in May–July we monitored breeding ïòèöåçàùèòíûìè óñòðîéñòâàìè (ÏÇÓ) ëèáî groups of rare species. ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ëèíèé. We set 7 study plots covering all complex  õîäå ïðîåêòà âñå ïîñòàâëåííûå öåëè of habitats typical of birds of prey in regions áûëè äîñòèãíóòû. Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðîäåëàííîé under consideration: ðàáîòû îòðàæåíû íèæå. 1. The Altai pine forests: 5 PL were sur- veyed during the summer, and in addition to them 5 more PL were examined in the autumn. 2. Forest-steppe of the Northwest Altai low mountains: 3 PL were examined in the summer, in addition to them 12 more PL – in the autumn. 3. Forest-steppe of the Northwest Altai

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) íà áåòîííîé îïîðå ËÝÏ 10 êÂ, îïàñíîé äëÿ ïòèö. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) on concrete pole of power line 10 kV dangerous for birds. Photo by I. Karyakin. Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 47

Êàíþê (Buteo buteo) íà foothills: 1 PL was examined in the sum- áåòîííîé îïîðå ËÝÏ mer, in addition to it two another fragments 10 êÂ, îïàñíîé äëÿ ïòèö. of that line – in the autumn. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. 4. Forests of the Northwest Altai low Common Buzzard mountains: 1 PL were examined in the sum- (Buteo buteo) on mer, in addition to it 6 more PL – in the concrete pole of power autumn. line 10 kV dangerous 5. Steppe depressions of the Central Altai: for birds. Photo by I. Karyakin. 1 PL were examined in the summer, in ad- dition to it one more PL – in the autumn, which had been switched-off because of break of wires in the summer. 6. Steppe depressions of Southeast Altai: 2 PL were examined in the summer and in the autumn. 7. Forest-steppe of the Southeast Altai Ìåòîäèêà high mountains: 1 PL was examined in the Âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ ñåòåâûìè ñòðóê- summer. òóðàìè We surveyed 18 PL with total length of Íà ïåðâîì ýòàïå íàëàæèâàíèÿ âçàèìî- 42.76 km since 15 May to 27 July 2009 äåéñòâèÿ ñ ñåòåâûìè êîìïàíèÿìè äëÿ ðåà- (fig. 1). Also 43 PL was investigated dur- ëèçàöèè èìè ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ing autumn migration of birds since 9 to 20 áûëî íåîáõîäèìî: September 2009. A total length of surveyed 1. óñòàíîâèòü, êàêèå êîìïàíèè ÿâëÿþòñÿ PL was 135.06 km – including almost all PL ñîáñòâåííèêàìè ËÝÏ â ðåãèîíå è îòâå÷à- surveyed in the breeding season as well as þò çà èõ îáñëóæèâàíèå; 93.68 km of PL non observed earlier (fig. 1: 2. ïðîèíôîðìèðîâàòü ñåòåâûå êîìïà- 18–44). A total length of the surveyed PL in íèè îá àêòóàëüíîñòè ïðîáëåìû, î ïóòÿõ å¸ 2009 was 136.46 km. ðåøåíèÿ, à òàêæå î çàêîíîäàòåëüíîé áàçå The surveyed remains of electrocuted ÐÔ, îáÿçûâàþùåé õîçÿéñòâóþùèå ñóáúåê- birds were divided into 3 groups: òû îáåñïå÷èâàòü áåçîïàñíîñòü òåõíîëîãè- 1. Whole carcasses. ÷åñêîãî ïðîöåññà äëÿ æèâîé ïðèðîäû, è î 2. Fragmented carcasses – a carcass was íà÷àëå ðàáîòû ïðîåêòà â ðåãèîíå; partially eaten by a predator or a raptor, or 3. ïðåäëîæèòü ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî â ðàìêàõ the feathers remained on a place of a preda- ïðîåêòà. tor or raptor eating the carcass. Äàëåå, â çàâèñèìîñòè îò îòâåòíîé ðåàê- 3. Bones – bones of died birds without öèè ñåòåâûõ êîìïàíèé íà ïðåäëîæåíèå any plumage. ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà, áûëî ïðîðàáîòàíî äâà In according with a degree of remains de- ñöåíàðèÿ äàëüíåéøåãî âçàèìîäåéñòâèÿ: composing we defined age of remains: (à) ñåòåâûå êîìïàíèè çàÿâëÿþò î ñâî¸ì 1. 1–5 days – carcass without signs of de- ïîíèìàíèè ñåðü¸çíîñòè ïðîáëåìû è ñâî- composing, or fresh feathers. åé ãîòîâíîñòè ýòó ïðîáëåìó ðåøàòü è 2. 6–12 days – carcass or its fragments (á) ñåòåâûå êîìïàíèè èãíîðèðóþò èí- with light sighs of decomposing, or feath- ôîðìàöèîííûå ïèñüìà è îòêàçûâàþòñÿ îò ers, with a smell of rotting. ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà. 3. 13–21 days – carcass or its fragments  ïåðâîì ñëó÷àå ïëàíèðîâàëîñü: 1. çàêëþ÷èòü äîãîâîðà ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà; 2. çàïðîñèòü êàðòû-ñõåìû ËÝÏ 6–10 ê íà ðåãèîí èññëåäîâàíèÿ äëÿ ïîäãîòîâêè ïîëåâîé ÷àñòè ïðîåêòà, à òàêæå äëÿ îöåí- êè âëèÿíèÿ ËÝÏ íà âåñü ðåãèîí; 3. ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì èññëåäîâàíèé ïðå- çåíòîâàòü ðåçóëüòàòû è äàòü ðåêîìåíäàöèè ñåòåâûì êîìïàíèÿì ïî îñíàùåíèþ ïòèöå-

Ïðîâåðêà ïòèöåîïàñíîé ËÝÏ â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé êîòëîâèíå. Ôîòî Ñ. Âàæîâà. Checking a power line in the Ust-Kanskaya steppe. Photo by S. Vazhov. 48 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Êîðøóíû (Milvus migrans) íà óñëîâíî áåçîïàñíûõ äåðåâÿí- íûõ îïîðàõ ËÝÏ – ãèáåëü õèùíûõ ïòèö íà íèõ ïðîèñõîäèò êðàéíå ðåäêî è ïðåèìóùå- ñòâåííî â äîæäü. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Kites (Milvus migrans) on wooden electric poles. Such poles make a hazard very rare usually in wet weather. Photo by I. Karyakin.

çàùèòíûìè óñòðîéñòâàìè ÏÎ ËÝÏ; moderate decomposing, or feathers with 4. ñïëàíèðîâàòü äàëüíåéøåå ñîòðóäíè÷å- remains of tissues dried up, crumpled under ñòâî Ñèáýêîöåíòðà ñ ñåòåâûìè êîìïàíèÿìè. rains and sun. Âî âòîðîì ñëó÷àå ïëàíèðîâàëîñü: 4. 3–4 weeks – strongly decayed carcass, 1. çàðó÷èòüñÿ ïîääåðæêîé ïðèðîäîîõ- or very «shabby» feathers frequently with ðàííûõ îðãàíîâ, êàê ìåñòíûõ, òàê è ôå- signs of destruction by biting louses. äåðàëüíûõ, â îáÿçàííîñòè êîòîðûõ âõîäèò 5. 1–3 months – remains of bones with êîíòðîëü çà ñîáëþäåíèåì ïðèðîäîîõðàí- feathers. íîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà Ðîññèè è ïðèâëå÷ü 6. 4–12 months – only bones. èíñïåêòîðîâ ìåñòíûõ ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíîâ äëÿ ñîñòàâëåíèÿ àêòîâ îá îáíàðó- Data processing æåííûõ â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ôàêòàõ ãèáå- The following analysis of data was done ëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ; with GIS-software, by methods approved in 2. ïåðåäàòü ñîñòàâëåííûå àêòû, à òàêæå 2008 (Karyakin et al., 2008): spatial charac- ïîñòàíîâëåíèÿ î íàðóøåíèè ïðèðîäîîõ- teristics of points of registered bird deaths ðàííîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà ïðè ýêñïëóàòà- were defined, on the basis of distances be- öèè ËÝÏ (îòñóòñòâèå ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ ñîîðó- tween nearest neighbors and distances be- æåíèé) â ïðèðîäîîõðàííóþ ïðîêóðàòóðó; tween PL and nests the zone of influence 3. äîâåñòè äåëà äî ñóäà è íà îñíîâàíèè of hazardous PL was calculated for different ñóäåáíûõ ðåøåíèé ïðèâëå÷ü ñåòåâûå êîì- breeding species. ïàíèè ê îòâåòñòâåííîñòè ñ âûïëàòîé ñîîò- Following data of available maps the total âåòñòâóþùèõ øòðàôîâ è êîìïåíñàöèé, à length of PL is estimated in 2880 km. òàêæå ñ îáÿçàòåëüñòâîì óñòðàíåíèÿ íàðó- The damage caused by owners of hazard- øåíèé è ïðîâåäåíèÿ ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ ìå- ous PL was calculated following the tech- ðîïðèÿòèé. nique approved the Ministry of Natural Re- Äëÿ ïðîâåäåíèÿ óêàçàííîé ðàáîòû òàê- sources (Extracts…, 2008). æå áûëî íåîáõîäèìî ñîáðàòü ñâåäåíèÿ îá îïûòå ðåøåíèÿ ïðîáëåìû ãèáåëè ïòèö â Results äðóãèõ ðåãèîíàõ Ðîññèè: èíôîðìàöèþ î Interaction with network structures ñóùåñòâóþùèõ òèïàõ ÏÇÓ, ïîäõîäÿùèõ äëÿ The main utility company provided elec- äåéñòâóþùèõ â Ðîññèè ïòèöåîïàñíûõ êîí- tricity to customers in the territory of the ñòðóêöèé, à òàêæå ìàòåðèàëû óñïåøíîé ñó- Siberian federal region (Republics of Altai, äåáíîé ïðàêòèêè, â êîòîðîé îðãàíèçàöèè, Burjatia, Khakassia and Tyva, Altai, Trans- ýêñïëóàòèðóþùèå ËÝÏ â äðóãèõ ðåãèîíàõ, baikalian, Krasnoyarsk Krays, Kemerovo, áûëè ïðèçâàíû ê îòâåòñòâåííîñòè. Omsk and Tomsk districts) is the joint-stoñk company «Inter-Regional Distributive Net- Ïîëåâûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ work Company of Siberia» («IRDNC of Sibe-  ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà 2009 ã. ïîëåâûìè èñ- ria»). Power lines in the Altai Kray and the ñëåäîâàíèÿìè áûëà îõâà÷åíà îáøèðíàÿ Republic of Altai was belonged to the de- òåððèòîðèÿ îò áîðîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ äî partment of «Altaienergo» until June, 2009 Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 49

×óéñêîé ñòåïè Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé. Îñîáîå but later the new department of IRDNC of âíèìàíèå áûëî óäåëåíî ñòåïíûì êîòëîâè- Siberia «Altai Mountain Electric Networks» íàì Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé, ãäå âûñîêà ïëîò- has been created in the Republic of Altai. íîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ, à òàêæå The workshop organized by the Coordina- îïîðû ËÝÏ ÷àùå èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ïòèöàìè â tor of the project for representatives of the êà÷åñòâå ïðèñàä. network company took place on 24 April.  ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä (ìàé–èþëü) íà âû- Following decisions were approved: äåëåííûõ ìîäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ ïðî- 1. Develop the program of interaction âîäèëñÿ, â îñíîâíîì îäíîêðàòíûé, ó÷¸ò with NGO «Siberian Environmental Center» ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ, à òàêæå ìîíèòîðèíã on the problem of bird electrocution. ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê ðåäêèõ âèäîâ, ÷òî- 2. Define needs in bird protective devices áû îöåíèòü âëèÿíèå ãèáåëè ïòèö íà äèíà- for PL of IRDNC of Siberia ìèêó ýòèõ ãðóïïèðîâîê. Ëèøü íà ó÷àñòêå 3. Prepare the project of the program on ÏÎ ËÝÏ ¹10 (ðèñ. 1) ó÷¸ò ãèáåëè ïòèö â the hazardous PL retrofitting. ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä áûë ïðîâåä¸í äâàæäû 4. Prepare requirements on filling acts ñ ðàçíèöåé â 54 äíÿ.  ïåðèîä îñåííåãî and investigations of the technological in- ïðîë¸òà (ñåíòÿáðü) ïðîâîäèëñÿ ó÷¸ò ãèáå- fringements connected with bird deaths by ëè ïòèö íà òåõ æå ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â electrocution. Àëòàéñêîì êðàå è Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé. 5. Prepare changes and additions in the Äëÿ ó÷¸òà ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ âèäîâ íà ìîäåëü- register of ecological aspects. íûõ ïëîùàäêàõ âûÿâëÿëèñü ãíåçäîâûå òåð- 6. To put schemes of PL 6–10 kV in the ðèòîðèè õèùíûõ ïòèö, îïðåäåëÿëàñü èõ regions under consideration at disposal of ïëîòíîñòü â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ ìåñòîîáè- NGO «Siberian Environmental Center». òàíèÿõ íà ïëîùàäêàõ, à çàòåì ïîëó÷åííûå As a result the Siberian Environmental âåëè÷èíû ïëîòíîñòè ïåðåñ÷èòûâàëèñü íà Center has concluded a treaty with IRDNC ïëîùàäü àíàëîãè÷íûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé çà of Siberia about joint activity on the envi- ïðåäåëàìè ïëîùàäîê (Êàðÿêèí, 2004). ronment protecting in the zone of location Íà äåðåâÿííûõ îïîðàõ Âñåãî âûäåëåíî 7 ìîäåëüíûõ òåððèòî- of PL managed by IRDNC of Siberia. ËÝÏ íàáëþäàåòñÿ ðåä- ðèé, îõâàòûâàþùèõ ôàêòè÷åñêè âåñü êîì- êàÿ ãèáåëü âðàíîâûõ, êîòîðûå ïðèñàæè- ïëåêñ òèïè÷íûõ äëÿ ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî ðå- Surveys âàþòñÿ íà êðåïåæè ãèîíà ìåñòîîáèòàíèé õèùíûõ ïòèö: As a result of our surveys during the breed- èçîëÿòîðîâ. 1. Àëòàéñêèå ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû – âäîëü ing season carcasses of 144 birds killed by Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Êàñìàëèíñêîé è Áàðíàóëüñêîé ëåíò â ïðå- electrocution were recorded. The density Deaths of crows on äåëàõ Âîë÷èõèíñêîãî, Åãîðüåâñêîãî, Ìà- was 33.68 carcasses per 10 km of PL. Ana- wooden electric ìîíòîâñêîãî, Ðîìàíîâñêîãî ðàéîíîâ Àë- lyzing found remains, fragmented carcasses poles are noted rare, when birds landed on òàéñêîãî êðàÿ â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä îñìîòðåíî dominated – 61.1% (20.58 carcasses/10 km fasteners of insulators. 5 ó÷àñòêîâ ËÝÏ, îñåíüþ, â äîïîëíåíèå ê of PL), and whole carcasses were 24.3% Photo by I. Karyakin. íèì, îñìîòðåíî åù¸ 5 ó÷àñòêîâ ËÝÏ. (8.19 carcasses/10 km of PL). Averaging in the region no less than 5.84 birds/10 km of PL were died every other 5 days, or 35.04 birds/10 km of PL every other month or 105.12 birds/10 km of PL during 3 months of the breeding season. During the breed- ing season a number of species of birds died by electrocution is poor – crows (n=144) – 70.83% and raptors – 29.17%. We noted 10 died birds of 5 species listed in the Red Data Book (6.94% of birds): Imperial Eagle (Aqui- la heliaca), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus), Per- egrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) and Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). As a result of our autumn surveys of PL carcasses of 302 electrocuted birds were found. The density was 32.68 carcasses/10 km of PL. In contrast to the breeding season whole carcasses dominated – 59.3% (13.25 carcasses/10 km of PL) and in 89.4% of cases (n=179) it was carcasses of the birds electrocuted during last 5 days. 50 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

The species of electrocuted birds in the au- tumn were the same as well as in the breed- ing season: crows (n=302) – 70.20% and raptors – 27.81% dominated. 13 carcasses of three species (4.3% of birds) listed in the Red Data Book of Russia was registered on surveyed PL in September: Imperial Eagle, Steppe Eagle and Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga).

Data processing Following our surveys in the study plots electrocution posed the greatest risk to eagles and their population. In the PL impact zone (n=9) 66.7% of breeding territories of eagles were empty, that in 6–7 times more than out the PL impact zone (influence fig. 6). Due to specific skills of hunting the Steppe Eagle is the Ðèñ. 1. Ó÷àñòêè ÏÎ 2. Ëåñîñòåïü íèçêîãîðèé Ñåâåðî- most vulnerable species. For this species ËÝÏ, îñìîòðåííûå â Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ – â ìåæäóðå÷üå ×àðû- the portion of empty territories in the PL 2009 ã. Íóìåðàöèÿ impact zone reached 100%. Following ËÝÏ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò øà è Àíóÿ â ïðåäåëàõ Ïåòðîïàâëîâñêîãî, íóìåðàöèè â òàáë. 1. Óñòü-Êàëìàíñêîãî è ×àðûøñêîãî ðàéîíîâ data of counts in 2003–2009 10 breeding Fig. 1. Power lines Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä îñìîòðå- territories of the Steppe Eagles were dis- surveyed in 2009. íî 3 ó÷àñòêà, îñåíüþ, â äîïîëíåíèå ê íèì, covered in the Ust-Kanskaya steppe and Numbers of PL are îñìîòðåíî åù¸ 12 ó÷àñòêîâ. only 2 pairs consisted of old birds (20%), similar with numbers in 3. Ëåñîñòåïü ïðåäãîðèé Ñåâåðî- other pairs were completely young birds the Table 1. Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ – â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä îñìî- (40%), or with one young partner (40%) òðåí 1 ó÷àñòîê, ïðèëåãàþùèé ê äîëèíå ð. that showed frequent deaths of birds of Êàòóíü â ïðåäåëàõ Êðàñíîãîðñêîãî ðàéîíà that breeding groups. Thus 10 Steppe Ea- Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, îñåíüþ óâåëè÷åíà ïðî- gles were recorded killed by electrocution òÿæ¸ííîñòü îñìîòðà ýòîé æå ëèíèè çà ñ÷¸ò along 20.57 km of 2 power lines for the 2-õ îòâîäêîâ. season 2009 only (fig. 7). The portion of 4. Ëåñíàÿ çîíà íèçêîãîðèé Ñåâåðî- empty nests of the Imperial Eagle in the Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ – ïî ð. Óëóñ÷åðãà â ïðåäå- PL impact zone in two study plots was ëàõ Øåáàëèíñêîãî ðàéîíà Ðåñïóáëèêè Àë- calculated in 50%. òàé â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä îñìîòðåí 1 ó÷àñòîê, According with data of analysis of distri- îñåíüþ, â äîïîëíåíèå ê íåìó, îñìîòðåíî bution of breeding territories of the most åù¸ 6 ó÷àñòêîâ. studied large raptors, such as Imperial Ea- 5. Ñòåïíûå êîòëîâèíû Öåíòðàëüíîãî Àë- gle, Steppe Eagle, Saker and Peregrine Fal- òàÿ – â Óñòü-Êàíñêîì ðàéîíå Ðåñïóáëèêè cons 10–13% of territories of the Imperial Àëòàé â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä îñìîòðåí 1 ó÷à- Eagle, 9–11% of territories of the Steppe Ea- ñòîê, îñåíüþ, â äîïîëíåíèå ê íåìó, îñìî- gles, 4–6% of territories of the Peregrine and òðåí åù¸ îäèí ó÷àñòîê, êîòîðûé ëåòîì áûë 2–4% of territories of the Saker are located îòêëþ÷åí èç-çà ðàçðûâà ïðîâîäîâ. in the PL impact zone. Actually absence of 6. Ñòåïíûå êîòëîâèíû Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîãî breeding owing to bird deaths by electrocu- Àëòàÿ – â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè Êîø-Àãà÷ñêîãî tion may be expected not less than in 37– ðàéîíà Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä 49 breeding territories of Imperial Eagles, è îñåíüþ îñìîòðåíî 2 ó÷àñòêà. 69–85 – Steppe Eagles, 15–22 – Peregrines 7. Ëåñîñòåïü âûñîêîãîðèé Þãî- and 10–20 – Sakers every year. Âîñòî÷íîãî Àëòàÿ – â äîëèíå ð. Äæàçàòîð At the average density of electrocuted Êîø-Àãà÷ñêîãî ðàéîíà Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé birds in surveyed territories (consider- ëåòîì îñìîòðåí 1 ó÷àñòîê. ing the coefficient of utilization – 140.16 Âñåãî ñ 15 ìàÿ ïî 27 èþëÿ 2009 ã. áûëî birds/10 km of PL for 4 months), in all the îñìîòðåíî 18 ó÷àñòêîâ ÏÎ ËÝÏ îáùåé region 40400 individuals are died by elec- ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 42,76 êì (ðèñ. 1). Ïðàê- trocution during the breeding season. And òè÷åñêè âñå îñìîòðåííûå ËÝÏ (ðèñ. 1: about 11400 electrocuted birds are raptors, 1–16) – ýòî ëèíèè íà áåòîííûõ îïîðàõ, in particular Imperial Eagle – averaging 452 òðàâåðñû êîòîðûõ îñíàùåíû øòûðåâûìè individuals (25.0% of estimated species Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 51

èçîëÿòîðàìè. Êàæäàÿ òàêàÿ îïîðà ïðåä- number in the region), Steppe Eagle – av- ñòàâëÿåò âûñîêóþ îïàñíîñòü äëÿ ïòèö, ò.ê. eraging 997 individuals (45.0%), Peregrine ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó çàçåìë¸ííîé òðàâåð- Falcon – averaging 89 individuals (8.4%). ñîé è òîêîíåñóùèì ïðîâîäîì äîñòàòî÷íî A total damage of bird deaths caused by ìàëî, è ëþáàÿ ïòèöà êðóïíåå ãàëêè, ñèäÿ electrocution at using of PL 6–10 kV in the íà òðàâåðñå, ïðè âçë¸òå ëåãêî äîòÿãèâàåòñÿ zone of location of PL managed by IRDNC êðûëüÿìè äî ïðîâîäà, ïðèâîäÿ ê çàìûêà- of Siberia is estimated at a minimum 150.1 íèþ. Áîëüøèíñòâî òàêèõ ëèíèé, ïðîòÿíóâ- million roubles a year. øèõñÿ ìåæäó íàñåë¸ííûìè ïóíêòàìè è îáúåêòàìè ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé èíôðà- Conclusions ñòðóêòóðû, áûëè ïîñòðîåíû ìíîãî ëåò íà- 1. Used types of electric poles are ex- çàä.  ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ, â ñâÿçè ñ àêòèâíûì tremely dangerous for the birds of prey. ðàçâèòèåì ñîòîâîé ñâÿçè, â ðåãèîíå ïîÿâ- 2. Common bird species, mainly crows are ëÿåòñÿ ìíîæåñòâî íîâûõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ â âèäå killed by electrocution in plenty, and their êîðîòêèõ îòâîäêîâ ê âûøêàì ñîòîâîé ñâÿçè carcasses laying under poles or hanging on Áèëàéí è ÌÒÑ.  õîäå ðàáîòû áûëè îñìî- crossarms attract raptors and thus increase òðåíû ÷åòûðå òàêèõ ëèíèè (ðèñ. 1: 6, 7, 9, a risk to birds to be electrocuted. 10). Åäèíñòâåííàÿ îñìîòðåííàÿ ëèíèÿ â 3. Steppe depressions of the Republic of äîëèíå ð. Äæàçàòîð (Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé) îò Altai and edges of the Altai pine forests of ìèíè ãèäðîýëåêòðîñòàíöèè äî ï. Äæàçàòîð the Altai Kray – the most significant areas (Áåëÿøè) (ðèñ. 1: 17) îñíàùåíà ïðåèìóùå- where the numerous birds of prey are killed ñòâåííî äåðåâÿííûìè îïîðàìè, óñëîâíî by electrocution. áåçîïàñíûìè äëÿ ïòèö. Òåì íå ìåíåå, âñå 4. In foothills and Altai Mountains the óãëîâûå îïîðû ýòîé ëèíèè âûïîëíåíû èç high level of utilization of electrocuted æåëåçîáåòîííûõ êîíñòðóêöèé è ÿâëÿþòñÿ birds during the breeding season gradually ïòèöåîïàñíûìè. decreasing at the end of the season was re- Äëÿ âûÿñíåíèÿ óðîâíÿ ãèáåëè ïòèö â corded. As a result the number of recorded ïåðèîä íà÷àëà îñåííåãî ïðîë¸òà ïîñåùà- bird deaths was in 3.1 times less actual. ëèñü âûäåëåííûå ìîäåëüíûå òåððèòîðèè 5. Near 40400 birds and 11400 from

Ïòèöåîïàñíûå êîí- ñòðóêöèè îïîð ËÝÏ è òðàíñôîðìàòîðîâ. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Transformers and pylons of power lines dangerous for birds. Photos by I. Karyakin. 52 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ïòèöåîïàñíàÿ ËÝÏ, which – birds of prey and owls perishes dur- ïîäâîäÿùàÿ òîê ê âû- ing the breeding season in the zone of PL øêå ñîòîâîé ñâÿçè Áè- ëàéí áëèç ñ. Àíòîíüåâ- location managed by departments of «Al- êà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå. taienergo» and the «Altai Mountain Electric Ëèíèÿ 10 íà ðèñ. 1. Networks». Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. 6. On the surveyed PL the damage of Hazardous power line individual death of birds constitutes 2.294 providing electricity to million roubles, averaging 16.81 thousand a tower of the Mobile Network Company roubles per 1 km of PL 6–10 kV or 1.12 “Beeline” near the thousand roubles per an electric pole. Antonyevka village in 7. A total damage of bird deaths caused the Altai Kray. PL 10 on by electrocution at using of PL 6–10 kV the fig. 1. Photo by I. Karyakin. in the zone of location of PL managed by IRDNC of Siberia is estimated at a minimum 150.1 million roubles a year. â ïåðèîä ñ 9 ïî 20 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2009 ã. Íà 8. Costs of one electric pole retrofitting ìîäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ îñìîòðåíî 43 are covered by the sum of noted damage ó÷àñòêà ÏÎ ËÝÏ îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ from bird electrocution on that pole during 135,06 êì (ðèñ. 1). Îñìîòðåíû âñå ëèíèè, only one breeding season. îáñëåäîâàâøèåñÿ â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä, êðî- ìå ëèíèè 17 â äîëèíå Äæàçàòîðà, à òàêæå Recommendations íîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 93,68 êì 1. Forbid the building of new PL 6–10 kV (ðèñ. 1: 18–44). Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ïîëíîöåííî with concrete poles and upright insulators çàõâàòèòü íà÷àëî ïðîë¸òà õèùíûõ ïòèö íå and not isolated wire in all territory of the óäàëîñü – ñòîÿëà õîðîøàÿ ïîãîäà è ìíî- Altay Kray and the Republic of Altai. ãèå âèäû ïðîäîëæàëè äåðæàòüñÿ íà ñâîèõ 2. Retrofit all concrete poles with upright ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ íå òîëüêî â ðàâíèííîé insulators of existing PL 6–10 kV replacing ÷àñòè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, íî è â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ. not insulated energized wires by insulated Ïîýòîìó ôàêòè÷åñêè âñå âûÿâëåííûå ôàê- wires or bird protective devices (BPD). òû ãèáåëè îòíîñèëèñü ê ìåñòíûì ïòèöàì. At first time retrofitting should be carried Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îáñëåäîâàííûõ out: ó÷àñòêîâ ÏÎ ËÝÏ â ñåçîí 2009 ã. ñîñòàâè- – In the Republic of Altai – in forestless ëà 136,46 êì. territories of steppe depressions and river Îáíàðóæåííûå îñòàíêè ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö valleys. ðàíæèðîâàíû íà 3 ãðóïïû: – In the Altai Kray – in foothills, mountain 1. Öåëûé òðóï – òðóï ïòèöû, öåëîñòíîñòü steppe and forest-steppe, in the zone of the êîòîðîãî íå íàðóøåíà õèùíèêàìè. Altai pine forest borders (zone extending 2. Óòèëèçèðîâàííûé òðóï – òðóï, ÷à- on 3 km from the forest edge). ñòè÷íî ñúåäåííûé ÷åòâåðîíîãèì èëè ïåð- 3. Carry out surveys after retrofitting of PL íàòûì õèùíèêîì, ëèáî ïåðüÿ, îñòàâøèåñÿ to estimate efficiency of protective actions. íà ìåñòå ïîåäàíèÿ õèùíèêîì òðóïà, âè- 4. Monitor PL equipped with BPD eve- äîâàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü êîòîðûõ ïîääà¸òñÿ ry year to carry out necessary repair and îïðåäåëåíèþ. service in due time. 3. Êîñòíûå îñòàíêè – êîñòè ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö, ïåðüåâîé ïî- êðîâ êîòîðûõ ðàçëîæèëñÿ. Ïî ñòåïåíè ðàçëîæåíèÿ îñòàíêîâ îïðåäåëÿëñÿ èõ âîç- ðàñò: 1. 1–5 äíåé – òðóï áåç ïðè- çíàêîâ ðàçëîæåíèÿ ëèáî ñâå- æèå ïåðüÿ.

Ñåðãåé Âàæîâ ñ òðóïîì ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca), ïîãèáøåãî íà ËÝÏ â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé ñòåïè. Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî. Sergey Vazhov with a Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) died by electrocution in the Ust-Kanskaya steppe. Republic of Altai. Photo by E. Nikolenko. Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 53

2. 6–12 äíåé – òðóï èëè åãî ôðàãìåíòû ñ äèñòàíöèé ìåæäó ãíåçäàìè ñîñåäíèõ ïàð è ëåãêèìè ïðèçíàêàìè ðàçëîæåíèÿ ëèáî ïåðüÿ äèñòàíöèé îò ãí¸çä äî ÏÎ ËÝÏ. ñ çàïàõîì ãíèåíèÿ â îñíîâàíèè î÷èíîâ.  ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé ñåòåâîé êîìïàíèè 3. 13–21 äåíü – òðóï èëè åãî ôðàãìåí- áûëà çàïðîøåíà èíôîðìàöèÿ î ïðîòÿ- òû ñî ñðåäíèìè ïðèçíàêàìè ðàçëîæåíèÿ æ¸ííîñòè ËÝÏ 6–10 ê â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ëèáî ïåðüÿ ñ âûñîõøåé òêàíüþ â îñíîâà- è Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, òî÷íàÿ íèè î÷èíîâ, ñêîìêàâøèåñÿ ïîä âîçäåé- ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ÏÎ ËÝÏ â ýòèõ ðåãèîíàõ ñòâèåì îñàäêîâ è ñîëíå÷íîãî èçëó÷åíèÿ. îñòàëàñü íåèçâåñòíîé. Ïî èìåþùèìñÿ êàð- 4. 3–4 íåäåëè – ñèëüíî ðàçëîæèâøèéñÿ òàì ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü âñåõ ëèíèé 6–10 ê áûëà òðóï ëèáî ñèëüíî «ïîòð¸ïàííûå» ïåðüÿ, îöåíåíà â 24 òûñ. êì, îäíàêî ýòà öèôðà ÷àñòî ñî ñëåäàìè ðàçðóøåíèÿ ïóõîåäàìè. âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ ëèíèè ñ äåðåâÿííûìè 5. 1–3 ìåñÿöà – êîñòíî-ïåðüåâûå îñòàíêè. îïîðàìè, ÿâëÿþùèåñÿ áåçîïàñíûìè äëÿ 6. 4–12 ìåñÿöåâ – òîëüêî êîñòè. áîëüøèíñòâà êðóïíûõ ïòèö, à òàêæå îñíà- ù¸ííûå ÑÈÏ-3. Íà ìîäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðè- ÿõ îêîëî 10–11% – ýòî ëèíèè íà áåòîííûõ îïîðàõ ñî øòûðåâûìè èçîëÿòîðàìè è íå- èçîëèðîâàííûì ïðîâîäîì. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî âî âñ¸ì ðàññìà- òðèâàåìîì ðåãèîíå ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ÏÎ ËÝÏ ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 2,88 òûñ. êì – èìåí- íî ýòà âåëè÷èíà áðàëàñü çà îñíîâó ïðè îöåíêå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ íà ïòèö ðåãèîíà è ðàñ÷¸òå óùåðáà. Óùåðá, ïðè÷èíÿåìûé âëàäåëüöàìè ÏÎ ËÝÏ, ðàññ÷èòàí ïî «Ìåòîäèêå èñ÷èñëåíèÿ ðàçìåðà âðåäà, ïðè÷èí¸ííîãî îáúåêòàì æèâîòíîãî ìèðà, çàíåñ¸ííûì â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ, à òàêæå èíûì îáúåêòàì æèâîò- íîãî ìèðà, íå îòíîñÿùèìñÿ ê îáúåêòàì îõîòû è ðûáîëîâñòâà è ñðåäå èõ îáèòàíèÿ» (Âûäåðæêè…, 2008).

Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàáîòû Âçàèìîäåéñòâèå ñ ñåòåâûìè ñòðóêòó- ðàìè Íà òåððèòîðèè Ñèáèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëü- íîãî îêðóãà äåéñòâóåò êðóïíåéøàÿ ðàñ- ïðåäåëèòåëüíàÿ ñåòåâàÿ êîìïàíèÿ ÎÀÎ «Ìåæðåãèîíàëüíàÿ ðàñïðåäåëèòåëüíàÿ ñåòåâàÿ êîìïàíèÿ Ñèáèðè» («ÌÐÑÊ Ñèáè- ðè»), îñóùåñòâëÿþùàÿ òðàíñïîðò ýëåêòðî- ýíåðãèè ïî ðàñïðåäåëèòåëüíûì ñåòÿì íà Ðèíóð Áåêìàíñóðîâ ñ òðóïîì ñàïñàíà, ïîãèáøåãî íà ËÝÏ â ×óéñêîé òåððèòîðèÿõ ðåñïóáëèê Àëòàé, Áóðÿòèÿ, ñòåïè (ââåðõó) è Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ñ òðóïîì ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila Õàêàñèÿ è Òûâà, Àëòàéñêîãî, Çàáàéêàëüñêî- nipalensis), ïîãèáøåãî íà ËÝÏ â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé ñòåïè (âíèçó). Ðåñïó- ãî è Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðà¸â, Êåìåðîâñêîé, áëèêà Àëòàé. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Îìñêîé è Òîìñêîé îáëàñòåé. Òàêèì îáðà- Rinur Bekmansurov with a Peregrine Falcon died by electrocution çîì, ËÝÏ âñåãî Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà in the Chuya steppe (upper)and Elvira Nikolenko with electrocuted âõîäèò â çîíó å¸ âëèÿíèÿ. Àëòàéñêèé êðàé Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) in the Ust-Kanskaya steppe (bottom). Republic of Altai. Photos by I. Karyakin. è Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé äî èþíÿ 2009 ã. íà- õîäèëèñü â çîíå îòâåòñòâåííîñòè ôèëèà- ëà «Àëòàéýíåðãî», à ïîçæå â Ðåñïóáëèêå Êàìåðàëüíàÿ ðàáîòà áûë ñîçäàí íîâûé ôèëèàë «ÌÐÑÊ Ñèáèðè» Êàìåðàëüíàÿ îáðàáîòêà ñîáðàííûõ äàí- «Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêèå ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè». íûõ ïðîâåäåíà â ñðåäå ÃÈÑ ïî ìåòîäèêå, Íà ïåðâîì ýòàïå ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîåêòà àïðîáèðîâàííîé â 2008 ã. (Êàðÿêèí è äð., ðóêîâîäñòâó ôèëèàëà Àëòàéýíåðãî, à òàê- 2008): ðàññ÷èòàíû ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûå õà- æå â ãîëîâíóþ îðãàíèçàöèþ êîìïàíèè ðàêòåðèñòèêè òî÷åê ãèáåëè ïòèö, îïðåäå- áûëî íàïðàâëåíî èíôîðìàöèîííîå ïèñü- ëåíà çîíà âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ äëÿ ðàçíûõ âè- ìî î íà÷àëå ïðîåêòà ñ ïðåäëîæåíèåì ñî- äîâ íà ìîäåëüíûõ ïëîùàäÿõ íà îñíîâàíèè òðóäíè÷åñòâà. Ê ïèñüìó áûëè ïðèëîæåíû 54 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Òàáë. 1. Óðîâåíü ãèáåëè ïòèö íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ â 2009 ã. Íóìåðàöèÿ ËÝÏ ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè íà ðèñ. 1. Table 1. Rates of bird deaths by electrocution on surveyed PL in 2009. Numbers of PL are similar with numbers in the fig. 1

Íîìåð Äëèíà (ì) Ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä Ïåðèîä íà÷àëà îñåííåãî ïðîëåòà Âñåãî çà 2009 ã. ID Length (m) Breeding season At the beginning of autumn migration Total in 2009 Ïîãèáøèå Ïëîòíîñòü Ïîãèáøèå Ïëîòíîñòü Ïîãèáøèå Ïëîòíîñòü ïòèöû (îñ./1 êì ËÝÏ) ïòèöû (îñ./1 êì ËÝÏ) ïòèöû (îñ./1 êì ËÝÏ) Electrocut- Density Electrocuted Density Electrocut- Density ed birds (ind./1 km PL) birds (ind./1 km PL) ed birds (ind./1 km PL) 1 1087 0 0 5 4.60 5 4.60 2 1092 15 13.74 9 8.25 24 21.99 3 1327 1 0.75 0 0 1 0.75 4 4201 19 4.52 11 2.62 30 7.14 5 2661 21 7.89 4 1.50 25 9.40 6 293 3 10.24 0 0 3 10.24 7 674 7 10.38 5 7.42 12 17.80 8 849 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 166 3 18.02 0 0 3 18.02 10 1925 15 7.79 10 5.20 25 12.99 11 6879 25 3.63 14 2.03 39 5.67 12 2454 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 9527 8 0.84 18 1.89 26 2.73 14 214 11 51.46 1 4.67 12 56.06 15 504 1 1.98 1 1.98 2 3.95 16 7492 13 1.74 4 0.53 17 2.26 17 1409 2 1.42 - - 2 1.42 18 11046 - - 27 2.44 27 2.44 19 7915 - - 6 0.76 6 0.76 20 698 - - 1 1.43 1 1.43 21 3430 - - 18 5.25 18 5.25 22 729 - - 5 6.85 5 6.85 23 2002 - - 1 0.50 1 0.50 24 20006 - - 33 1.65 33 1.65 25 6685 - - 22 3.29 22 3.29 26 1215 - - 2 1.65 2 1.65 27 518 - - 3 5.80 3 5.80 28 2012 - - 7 3.48 7 3.48 29 2458 - - 15 6.10 15 6.10 30 2510 - - 7 2.79 7 2.79 31 2125 - - 7 3.29 7 3.29 32 6707 - - 16 2.39 16 2.39 33 2628 - - 0 0 0 0 34 2336 - - 0 0 0 0 35 11879 - - 45 3.79 45 3.79 36 3058 - - 3 0.98 3 0.98 37 254 - - 0 0 0 0 38 172 - - 0 0 0 0 39 172 - - 0 0 0 0 40 230 - - 0 0 0 0 41 531 - - 0 0 0 0 42 163 - - 0 0 0 0 43 670 - - 1 1.49 1 1.49 44 1525 - - 1 0.66 1 0.66 Âñåãî / Total 136464 144 3.37 302 2.24 446 3.27 Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 55

ìå ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ. 2. Îïðåäåëèòü ïîòðåáíîñòü â ïòèöåçà- ùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâàõ äëÿ ôèëèàëîâ ÎÀÎ «ÌÐÑÊ Ñèáèðè». 3. Ïîäãîòîâèòü ïðîåêò ïðîãðàììû ïî îñíàùåíèþ ÏÇÓ îáúåêòîâ ÎÀÎ «ÌÐÑÊ Ñè- áèðè». 4. Ïîäãîòîâèòü òðåáîâàíèÿ ïî çàïîëíå- íèþ àêòîâ è ðàññëåäîâàíèþ òåõíîëîãè÷å- ñêèõ íàðóøåíèé, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ ãèáåëüþ ïòèö. 5. Ïîäãîòîâèòü èçìåíåíèÿ è äîïîëíå- íèÿ â ðååñòð ýêîëîãè÷åñêèõ àñïåêòîâ (ÑÎ «Ýêîëîãè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû. Ðååñòð»). 6. Ïðåäîñòàâèòü â ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáýêî- öåíòð» ñõåìû ËÝÏ 6–10 ê íà çàïðîøåí- íûå ðàéîíû.  ðåçóëüòàòå ìåæäó «ÌÐÑÊ Ñèáèðè» è Ñè- áýêîöåíòðîì áûëî äîñòèãíóòî ñîãëàøåíèå î ñîâìåñòíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ñ öåëüþ îõðà- Ðèñ. 2. Õàðàêòåð äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ìàòåðèàëû – ñâåäåíèÿ î íû îêðóæàþùåé ïðèðîäíîé ñðåäû â çîíå óòèëèçàöèè ôàêòè- ïðîáëåìå è îïûòå å¸ ðåøåíèÿ â äðóãèõ ðå- ïðîõîæäåíèÿ ËÝÏ ÌÐÑÊ, çàùèòû ïòèö îò ÷åñêè íàáëþäàåìûõ ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö ëåòîì ãèîíàõ Ðîññèè, òåõíè÷åñêèå õàðàêòåðèñòè- ïîâðåæäåíèé è ãèáåëè íà ËÝÏ, ïðåäîõðà- (ââåðõó) è îñåíüþ êè ñîâðåìåííûõ ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ íåíèÿ ËÝÏ îò àâàðèéíûõ ñèòóàöèé, ñâÿçàí- (âíèçó). (ÏÇÓ ÊÏ-1Á; ÃÎÑÒ 16337-77; 16338-85), íûõ ñ ïîïàäàíèåì ïòèö íà òîêîíåñóùèå êîí- Fig. 2. Character of à òàêæå îáçîð çàêîíîäàòåëüíîé áàçû ÐÔ, ñòðóêöèè. Îòäåë áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîèçâîäñòâà bird remains surveyed ðåãóëèðóþùåé äàííóþ äåÿòåëüíîñòü. êîìïàíèè ïîäãîòîâèë ïðîåêò ïðîãðàììû ïî during summer (upper)  îòâåò ïîñëåäîâàëà äîñòàòî÷íî áûñòðàÿ îñíàùåíèþ ËÝÏ ÏÇÓ è íà 2010 ã. áûëè çà- and autumn (bottom). ðåàêöèÿ «ÌÐÑÊ Ñèáèðè» – â ëèöå ãëàâíîãî ëîæåíû ñðåäñòâà íà å¸ ðåàëèçàöèþ. ñïåöèàëèñòà îòäåëà áåçîïàñíîñòè ïðîèç- Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íåñìîòðÿ íà ïðèíÿòûå ðå- âîäñòâà Äåïàðòàìåíòà ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîãî øåíèÿ, êîìïàíèÿ íå ñìîãëà äî îêîí÷àíèÿ Ðèñ. 3. Âîçðàñò îñòàí- êîíòðîëÿ è îõðàíû òðóäà êîìïàíèÿ âûðà- ïðîåêòà ïðåäîñòàâèòü ïîîïîðíûå ñõåìû êîâ ôàêòè÷åñêè íà- çèëà ãîòîâíîñòü ê ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâó. Ðàáî÷àÿ ËÝÏ íà ðàéîíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ÷òî ñäåëàëî áëþäàåìûõ ïîãèáøèõ âñòðå÷à Êîîðäèíàòîðà ïðîåêòà Ñèáýêî- íåâîçìîæíûì îöåíèòü íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿ- ïòèö ëåòîì (ââåðõó) è öåíòðà ñ ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿìè ñåòåâîé êîì- îñåíüþ (âíèçó). íèå ÏÎ ËÝÏ íà ïòèö âñåãî ðåãèîíà, ïîýòî- ïàíèè ñîñòîÿëàñü 24 àïðåëÿ. Íà íåé áûëè ìó îöåíêà ïîëó÷èëàñü áîëüøå ýêñïåðòíàÿ, Fig. 3. Age of bird remains surveyed ïðèíÿòû ñëåäóþùèå ðåøåíèÿ: à ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ðåçóëüòàòó ïðîåêòà during summer (upper) 1. Ðàçðàáîòàòü ïðîãðàììó âçàèìîäåé- ïðèøëîñü îñíîâûâàòü òîëüêî íà äàííûõ, and autumn (bottom). ñòâèÿ ñ ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáýêîöåíòð» ïî ïðîáëå- ñîáðàííûõ â õîäå ýêñïåäèöèè.

Ïîëåâûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ  ðåçóëüòàòå îñìîòðà ÏÎ ËÝÏ â ãíåçäî- âîé ïåðèîä îáíàðóæåíû îñòàíêè 144 ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 33,68 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé.  çàâèñèìîñòè îò òèïà áèîòîïîâ è ïðèóðî÷åííîñòè ëèíèè ê òîìó èëè èíîìó îáúåêòó àíòðîïîãåííîé èíôðàñòðóêòóðû ïëîòíîñòü ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö âàðüèðîâàëà â øèðîêèõ ïðåäåëàõ îò 0 äî 51,46 îñòàíêîâ íà 1 êì ëèíèé (òàáë. 1). Ìàêñèìàëüíûå ïî- êàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòè ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö íàáëþ- äàþòñÿ â îñíîâíîì íà êîðîòêèõ îòâîäêàõ, ïðîõîäÿùèõ ÷åðåç íàèáîëåå ïðèâëåêà- òåëüíûå êîðìîâûå áèîòîïû (óðåç âîäû, êðàé êîëîíèè ñóñëèêîâ Spermophilus sp., óáðàííûé ñåíîêîñ è ò.ï.).  îäíîðîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ ïðè äîñòàòî÷íî áîëüøîé ïðîòÿ- æ¸ííîñòè ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ãèáåëü ïòèö íàáëþäàåòñÿ áîëåå ðàâíîìåðíî ïî 56 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

õîäå ðàáîòû óäàâàëîñü îáíàðóæèâàòü òðó- ïû ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ â òå÷åíèå îäíîãî èëè íåñêîëüêèõ äíåé (n=144; 17,4%) ëèáî ñ ïðèçíàêàìè ñèëüíîãî ðàçëîæåíèÿ, ÷òî ñî- îòâåòñòâóåò êàê ìèíèìóì 3–4 íåäåëÿì ñî äíÿ ãèáåëè (27,8%) (ðèñ. 3). Ïîëíîñòüþ âû- ïàëà èç íàáëþäåíèé ãðóïïà òðóïîâ ñî ñðî- êîì äàâíîñòè îò 5 äî 20 äíåé, ïðè÷¸ì çà âåñü ïåðèîä íàáëþäåíèé ñ ìàÿ ïî èþëü. Âàæíûì ïîêàçàòåëåì äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà ðåàëüíîé ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñêîðîñòü óòèëè- çàöèè òðóïîâ. Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî ýòîò ïîêàçàòåëü ÿâëÿåòñÿ óíèêàëüíûì äëÿ êàæäîé ËÝÏ è çàâèñèò îò òàêèõ ôàêòîðîâ, êàê òèï áèîòîïà, ïëîòíîñòü ïåðíàòûõ è ÷åòâåðîíî- ãèõ õèùíèêîâ, ÷èñëåííîñòü äðóãèõ îáúåêòîâ äîáû÷è, ìåñÿö íàáëþäåíèé, èíòåíñèâíîñòü âûïàñà ñêîòà è ò.ä. Îöåíêà âñåõ ýòèõ ôàêòî- ðîâ, à òàêæå ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíûé ðàñ÷¸ò ñêî- ðîñòè óòèëèçàöèè íà îñíîâàíèè ñòàöèîíàð- íûõ íàáëþäåíèé, âûõîäÿò çà ðàìêè äàííîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ. Îäíàêî, íàáëþäàåìàÿ êàðòè- íà äà¸ò âîçìîæíîñòü ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî â ëåò- íèé ïåðèîä ñêîðîñòü óòèëèçàöèè òðóïîâ âî âñ¸ì ðåãèîíå èññëåäîâàíèé î÷åíü âûñîêà, è, òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðàññ÷èòàííûå âåëè÷èíû ãèáåëè ïòèö ÿâëÿþòñÿ ëèøü ñàìîé ìèíèìàëü- íîé îöåíêîé. Êîðøóíû ÿâëÿþòñÿ ëèíèè ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ, â îñíîâíîì, îò 0,75 Îñíîâíûì óòèëèçàòîðîì òðóïîâ ïòèö, îñíîâíûìè óòèëèçàòî- äî 7,89 îñòàíêîâ íà 1 êì ëèíèé. ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ, êàê â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, ðàìè òðóïîâ ãèáíóùèõ Ñðåäè îáíàðóæåííûõ îñòàíêîâ ïòèö àá- òàê è â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé, ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîðøóí íà ËÝÏ ïòèö â Àëòàé- ñêîì êðàå (ââåðõó) ñîëþòíî äîìèíèðîâàëè óòèëèçèðîâàííûå (Milvus migrans). Êàê ïðàâèëî ãíåçäÿùèå- è ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé òðóïû – 61,1% (20,58 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëè- ñÿ êîðøóíû óíîñÿò òóøêè èç-ïîä îïîð, íå (âíèçó). íèé) (ðèñ. 2), ïðè÷¸ì â 30% ñëó÷àåâ ýòî îñòàâëÿÿ ñëåäîâ ãèáåëè ïòèöû – òàêèå ñëó- Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. áûëè äîñòàòî÷íî ñâåæèå ïåðüÿ ïòèö, ïîãèá- ÷àè íåâîçìîæíî çàôèêñèðîâàòü, è îíè âû- Kites are the main øèõ íà ËÝÏ â òå÷åíèå ïàðû äíåé äî ìîìåí- ïàäàþò èç ó÷¸òà ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö. Îäíàêî, consumers of birds died êîãäà êîðøóíû (êàê ïðàâèëî, ýòî íåðàçìíî- from electrocution in òà èõ îáíàðóæåíèÿ. Öåëûå òðóïû ñîñòàâèëè the Altai Kray (upper) 24,3% (8,19 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé). æàþùèåñÿ ïòèöû), ïîåäàþò òðóïû íà ìåñòå and in the Republic of Ñïåöèôè÷åñêîé îñîáåííîñòüþ òåððè- ãèáåëè, ïîä îïîðîé îñòàþòñÿ ïåðüÿ, ïî êî- Altai (bottom). òîðèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ êðàéíå íèçêîå êîëè÷åñòâî òîðûì ìîæíî èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü îáúåêò. Photos by I. Karyakin. êîñòíûõ îñòàíêîâ ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö. Îíè  ïîèñêàõ ïèùè êîðøóíû ñàìè ðåãóëÿðíî áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ëèøü íà äâóõ ëèíèÿõ çà ïðèñàæèâàþòñÿ íà îïîðû ËÝÏ è ãèáíóò íà ïðåäåëàìè ãîð (14,6%). Ïðè äîñòàòî÷íî íèõ, óâåëè÷èâàÿ òåì ñàìûì ïå÷àëüíóþ ñòà- íèçêîé ïëîòíîñòè êîñòíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ïî- òèñòèêó. Èíòåðåñíî òî, ÷òî èìåííî íà ó÷àñò- ãèáøèõ ïòèö íà îñìîòðåííûõ ëèíèÿõ â öå- êàõ ñ ïîãèáøèìè êîðøóíàìè â òå÷åíèå íå- ëîì (4,91 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé), íà ëèíèè ñêîëüêèõ íåäåëü íàáëþäàåòñÿ ìèíèìàëüíàÿ ¹5 (ðèñ. 1) âäîëü áîðîâîé ëåíòû â Ìàìîí- óòèëèçàöèÿ òóøåê.  ÷àñòíîñòè, íà ó÷àñòêå òîâñêîì ð-íå èõ ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 7,14 ÏÎ ËÝÏ ¹10 âî âðåìÿ îñìîòðà 29 ìàÿ îñòàíêîâ/1 êì ëèíèé. Íèçêèé óðîâåíü îá- áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ëèøü óòèëèçèðîâàííûå íàðóæåíèÿ êîñòíûõ îñòàíêîâ ïòèö ïîä îïî- îñòàíêè ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca). Ïðè ðàìè ÏÎ ËÝÏ â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ ìîæíî îáú- îñìîòðå ýòîé æå ëèíèè 21 èþëÿ áûëè îá- ÿñíèòü ëèøü èõ èíòåíñèâíîé óòèëèçàöèåé. íàðóæåíû äîñòàòî÷íî ñòàðûå îñòàíêè äâóõ ×òî æå êàñàåòñÿ àðòåôàêòà íàáëþäåíèé íà êîðøóíîâ è îñòàíêè 12-òè âðàíîâûõ ðàç- ëèíèè ¹5, òî çäåñü âîçìîæíà ïîâûøåííàÿ íîé ñòåïåíè óòèëèçàöèè è âîçðàñòà, â òîì ãèáåëü ïòèö â ïåðèîä ìèãðàöèé. ÷èñëå 8 ñâåæèõ òðóïîâ. Îïðåäåë¸ííî, âðà- Îáðàùàåò âíèìàíèå òî, ÷òî ñðåäè îñòàí- íîâûå ãèáëè íà ëèíèè è â ìàå, ò.ê. â ïîëîñå êîâ, îáíàðóæåííûõ â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä, øèðèíîé 500 ì îáíàðóæåíî 6 ïóñòóþùèõ ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóåò âîçðàñòíàÿ ãðóï- ïîñòðîåê âîðîíû (Corvus cornix) è ñîðîêè ïà ñëàáî è ñðåäíå ðàçëàãàþùèõñÿ òóøåê.  (Pica pica), íî èõ òðóïû óíîñèëèñü êîðøó- Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 57

Òàáë. 2. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ, êîëè÷åñòâî è ïëîòíîñòü ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ â 2009 ã. Table 2. List of species, number and density of electrocuted birds on the surveyed power lines in 2009.

Âèä / Species Ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä Ïåðèîä íà÷àëà îñåííåãî ïðîëåòà Âñåãî çà 2009 ã. Breeding season At the beginning of autumn Total in 2009 migration Êîëè÷åñòâî Number (%) Äîëÿ Portion (%) Ïëîòíîñòü (îñ./10 êì ËÝÏ) Density (ind./10 km PL) Êîëè÷åñòâî Number (%) Äîëÿ Portion (%) Ïëîòíîñòü (îñ./10 êì ËÝÏ) Density (ind./10 km PL) Êîëè÷åñòâî Number (%) Äîëÿ Portion (%) Ïëîòíîñòü (îñ./10 êì ËÝÏ) Density (ind./10 km PL) Âîðîí (Corvus corax) 4 2.78 0.94 8 2.65 0.59 12 2.69 0.88 Âîðîíà ñåðàÿ (Corvus cornix) 12 8.33 2.81 40 13.25 2.96 52 11.66 3.81 Âîðîíà ÷¸ðíàÿ (Corvus corone) 17 11.81 3.98 14 4.64 1.04 31 6.95 2.27 Ãàëêà (Corvus monedula, C. dauricus) 6 4.17 1.40 62 20.53 4.59 68 15.25 4.98 Ãðà÷ (Corvus frugilegus) 38 26.39 8.89 58 19.21 4.29 96 21.52 7.03 Ñîðîêà (Pica pica) 14 9.72 3.27 22 7.28 1.63 36 8.07 2.64 Âðàíîâûå (Corvidae ssp.) 11 7.64 2.57 8 2.65 0.59 19 4.26 1.39 Ñêâîðåö (Sturnus vulgaris) 4 1.32 0.30 4 0.90 0.29 Òðÿñîãóçêà áåëàÿ (Motacilla alba) 1 0.33 0.07 1 0.22 0.07 Ãîëóáü ñèçûé (Columba livia) 1 0.33 0.07 1 0.22 0.07 Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca) 3 2.08 0.70 2 0.66 0.15 5 1.12 0.37 Ïîäîðëèê áîëüøîé (Aquila clanga) 2 0.66 0.15 2 0.45 0.15 Îð¸ë ñòåïíîé (Aquila nipalensis) 2 1.39 0.47 9 2.98 0.67 11 2.47 0.81 Îð¸ë (Aquila sp.) 2 1.39 0.47 2 0.45 0.15 Êàíþê (Buteo buteo) 3 2.08 0.70 8 2.65 0.59 11 2.47 0.81 Êîðøóí (Milvus migrans) 18 12.50 4.21 25 8.28 1.85 43 9.64 3.15 Êóðãàííèê ìîõíîíîãèé 1 0.69 0.23 1 0.22 0.07 (Buteo hemilasius) Êóðãàííèê îáûêíîâåííûé 1 0.69 0.23 1 0.22 0.07 (Buteo rufinus) Òåòåðåâÿòíèê (Accipiter gentilis) 2 1.39 0.47 14 4.64 1.04 16 3.59 1.17 Ïåðåïåëÿòíèê (Accipiter nisus) 1 0.69 0.23 1 0.33 0.07 2 0.45 0.15 ßñòðåáèíûå (Accipitridae sp.) 3 2.08 0.70 0.00 3 0.67 0.22 Ïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus) 4 2.78 0.94 22 7.28 1.63 26 5.83 1.91 Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) 1 0.69 0.23 1 0.22 0.07 Ñîâà óøàñòàÿ (Asio otus) 1 0.33 0.07 1 0.22 0.07 Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) 1 0.69 0.23 1 0.22 0.07 Âñåãî / Total 144 100 33.68 302 100 22.36 446 100 32.68

íàìè ê ãíåçäó, ïîýòîìó è íå áûëè íàéäåíû ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ è óíåñ¸ííûõ èç-ïîä íå¸ ïîä îïîðàìè. Ñëåäóåò îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå îðëîì. Íà ó÷àñòêå, êîíòðîëèðóåìîì ìî- íà òî, ÷òî òàêèå ðåäêèå âèäû, êàê ìîãèëü- ãèëüíèêîì, öåëûå òðóïû îòñóòñòâîâàëè, à íèê è ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis) ÷à- óòèëèçèðîâàííûõ îñòàíêîâ áûëî â 1,5 ðàçà ñòî ïîåäàþò òðóïû ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ íà ÏÎ ìåíüøå, ÷åì íà ïðèëåãàþùèõ ó÷àñòêàõ ýòîé ËÝÏ, ïðè ýòîì òàêæå ñòàíîâÿòñÿ îáúåêòà- æå ëèíèè. Ïàðòí¸ð ìîãèëüíèêà ïîãèá íà ìè ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì, êàê è êîðøó- ýòîé æå ËÝÏ, à ãíåçäî, óñòðîåííîå â 390 ì íû.  Óñòü-Êàííñêîé ñòåïè íà ó÷àñòêå ÏÎ îò ËÝÏ, â ïåðèîä îñìîòðà ïóñòîâàëî. ËÝÏ ¹13 ïîä îïîðîé, ðàñïîëàãàâøåéñÿ â Àíàëèç êîëè÷åñòâà îñòàíêîâ â ñîîòâåò- 100 ì îò ïðèñàäû ìîãèëüíèêà, îáíàðóæå- ñòâèè ñî ñðîêîì èõ äàâíîñòè ïîçâîëÿåò íû ñâåæèå îñòàíêè òåòåðåâÿòíèêà (Accipiter ãîâîðèòü î òîì, ÷òî â òå÷åíèå 1–2-õ íåäåëü gentilis), ñúåäåííîãî îðëîì, à ïîä ïðèñàäîé ïîñëå ãèáåëè òóøêè èíòåíñèâíî óòèëè- îáíàðóæåíû îñòàíêè ðàçíîé ñâåæåñòè åù¸ çèðóþòñÿ õèùíèêàìè, è ïîä ËÝÏ îñòàþò- äâóõ òåòåðåâÿòíèêîâ è îäíîãî ïåðåïåëÿò- ñÿ ëèøü ðàçëàãàþùèåñÿ îñòàíêè, êîòîðûå íèêà (Accipiter nisus), ïî âñåì ïðèçíàêàì âîâðåìÿ íå áûëè óòèëèçèðîâàíû (ðèñ. 3). 58 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ËÝÏ çà òðè ìåñÿöà ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà. Ýòî â 3,1 ðàçà áîëüøå ôàêòè÷åñêè íàáëþäàåìî- ãî ïîêàçàòåëÿ. Ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî çàâèñèìîñòü íå ìîæåò áûòü ëèíåéíîé è óðîâåíü ãèáåëè ñó- ùåñòâåííî èçìåíÿåòñÿ â ðàçíûõ áèîòîïàõ, îäíàêî äëÿ ìîäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèé äàííûå ïîêàçàòåëè ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü îáúåêòèâíûìè, à ñðåäíèå ïî ðåãèîíó ïîêàçàòåëè âðÿä ëè áóäóò îòëè÷àòüñÿ áîëåå ÷åì íà 30%. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä, îêàçàëñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî áåäíûì – ýòî âðàíîâûå (n=144) – 70,83% è ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè – 29,17%. Ñðåäè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ (n=42) ïðåîáëàäàëè Ðèñ. 4. Ïëîòíîñòü ôàê- Òàêèì îáðàçîì, áûëî ðàññ÷èòàíî ñîîòíî- õèùíûå ïòèöû ñåì. ßñòðåáèíûõ ñðåäíåãî òè÷åñêè íàáëþäàåìûõ øåíèå ìåæäó êîëè÷åñòâîì ñâåæèõ òðóïîâ ðàçìåðíîãî êëàññà (66,67%): êîðøóí, êà- ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö, ðàíæè- ðîâàííûõ ïî âîçðàñòó è òðóïîâ, óòèëèçèðóåìûõ è îñòàþùèõñÿ íþê (Buteo buteo), òåòåðåâÿòíèê. Ñëåäóåò îñòàíêîâ. ãíèòü ïîä îïîðîé ËÝÏ. Òàêèõ îñòàâøèõñÿ çàìåòèòü, ÷òî êîðøóí, àáñîëþòíî äîìèíè- Fig. 4. Density of ãíèòü îñòàíêîâ, ñðîêîì äàâíîñòè îò òð¸õ ðóþùèé ñðåäè õèùíèêîâ (n=42; 42,86%), surveyed remains of íåäåëü äî òð¸õ ìåñÿöåâ, áûëî ó÷òåíî 98, âõîäèò è â ñîñòàâ äîìèíàíòîâ ñðåäè âñåõ birds ranged on age of ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò â ñðåäíåì ñåìè òðóïàì ãèáíóùèõ íà ËÝÏ ïòèö (n=144) – 12,5%, remains. çà êàæäûå 5 äíåé, òîãäà êàê ñî ñðîêîì íàðÿäó ñ ÷¸ðíîé è ñåðîé âîðîíàìè (Corvus äàâíîñòè îò 1 äî 5 äíåé áûëî ó÷òåíî 25 corone & C. cornix) – 20,14% è ãðà÷¸ì ñëó÷àåâ ãèáåëè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â ñðåäíåì (Corvus frugilegus) – 26,39% (òàáë. 2). êàæäûå 5 äíåé èç 25 ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö 7 ïòèö Èç ïòèö, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó íå óòèëèçèðóþòñÿ õèùíèêàìè, à îñòàþòñÿ Ðîññèè, íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ËÝÏ â ãíèòü ïîä îïîðîé, è ïî èñòå÷åíèè íåêîòî- ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä ïîãèáëè 10 îñîáåé ïÿòè ðîãî âðåìåíè (áîëüøå íåäåëè) óäà¸òñÿ íà- âèäîâ (6,94% ïòèö): ìîãèëüíèê (ðèñ. 1, áëþäàòü ëèøü 28% îñòàíêîâ, à äðóãèå 72% ËÝÏ 10, 14 è, âåðîÿòíî, 5), ñòåïíîé îð¸ë ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö âûïàäàþò èç ó÷¸òà. (ðèñ. 1, ËÝÏ 14), êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus) Êàê áûëî ñêàçàíî âûøå, âñåãî â õîäå (ðèñ. 1, ËÝÏ 16), ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) ëåòíåãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ íà 42,8 êì ÏÎ ËÝÏ (ðèñ. 1, ËÝÏ 16) è ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) ó÷òåíî 25 ñâåæèõ òðóïîâ è óòèëèçèðî- (ðèñ. 1, ËÝÏ 7). Ïðè ýòîì, òðè îñîáè âîø- âàííûõ îñòàòêîâ ñðîêîì äàâíîñòè îò 1 äî ëè â ãðóïïó ñî ñðîêîì äàâíîñòè äî 5 äíåé 5 äíåé.  ëèíåéíîé ìîäåëè, êîãäà íà ïðî- (ñòåïíîé îð¸ë, êóðãàííèê è ñàïñàí). Òàêèì òÿæåíèè òð¸õ ìåñÿöåâ ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà îáðàçîì, ïðèíèìàÿ âî âíèìàíèå óñëîâíî (ìàé–èþëü) âåðîÿòíîñòü ãèáåëè ïòèö îñòà- ðàâíóþ âåðîÿòíîñòü ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ, â ¸òñÿ ïîñòîÿííîé, à âûáðàííûå ìîäåëüíûå ñðåäíåì íà ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ çà 3 ìåñÿ- ïëîùàäè ðàâíîìåðíî îòðàæàþò ñèòóàöèþ â öà ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà ãèáíåò íå ìåíåå 54 èññëåäóåìîì ðåãèîíå, â ñðåäíåì ïî ðåãèî- ïòèö «êðàñíîêíèæíûõ» âèäîâ. íó êàæäûå 5 äíåé ãèáíåò 5,84 ïòèö/10 êì  ðåçóëüòàòå îñåííåãî îñìîòðà ÏÎ ËÝÏ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò 35,04 ïòèö/10 êì îáíàðóæåíû îñòàíêè 302 ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ â ìåñÿö èëè 105,12 ïòèö/10 êì ÏÎ îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì. Ïëîòíîñòü

Òðàíñôîðìàòîð ñ ôàçîé, çàìûêàþùåé íà êîðïóñ, â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè (Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé). Ïîìèìî ïòèö çäåñü ãèáíåò è äîìàø- íèé ñêîò. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Transformer extremely hazardous not only for birds but for animals in the Chuyskaya steppe (Republic of Altai). Photos by I. Karyakin. Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 59

Ðèñ. 5. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå æèëûõ è ïóñòóþùèõ ãí¸çä êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ âäîëü ÏÎ ËÝÏ â Àëòàé- ñêèõ áîðàõ íà ëèíèÿõ 3–5 (ââåðõó) è â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé êîòëîâèíå íà ëèíèÿõ 13–14 (âíèçó) ïî äàííûì èñ- ñëåäîâàíèé â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä. Fig. 5. Distribution of living and empty nests of large raptors along hazardous PL in the Altai pine forests (¹ 3–5) (upper) and in the Ust-Kanskaya steppe (¹13–14) (bottom) following our surveys during the breeding season.

íûõ áèîòîïàõ ïðè äîñòàòî÷íî áîëüøîé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ãèáåëü ïòèö íàáëþäàëàñü ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ îò 1,43 äî 4,67 îñòàíêîâ/1 êì ëèíèé. Ïëîò- íîñòü ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö â õîäå îñåííåãî îñìîòðà îêàçàëàñü íåñêîëüêî íèæå, ÷åì â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä. Ýòî ìîæíî îáúÿñíèòü â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü òåì, ÷òî ïðîë¸ò åù¸ íå íà- ÷àëñÿ è íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ïðîäîëæàëàñü ãèáåëü ìåñòíûõ ïòèö. Ñðàâ- íåíèå 16-òè ó÷àñòêîâ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, êîòîðûå ïîñåùàëèñü è ëåòîì, è îñåíüþ, ïîêàçûâà- åò, ÷òî ãèáåëü ïòèö, çàðåãèñòðèðîâàííàÿ â ñåíòÿáðå, îêàçàëàñü â 1,7 ðàç ìåíüøå çà- ðåãèñòðèðîâàííîé â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä (19,82 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé è 34,32 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî). Ñðåäè ñîáðàííûõ îñòàíêîâ ïòèö, â îòëè- ÷èå îò ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà, äîìèíèðîâàëè öåëûå òðóïû – 59,3% (13,25 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé) (ðèñ. 2), ïðè÷¸ì â 89,4% ñëó÷àåâ (n=179) ýòî áûëè òðóïû ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ â òå÷åíèå 5 äíåé äî ìîìåíòà èõ îáíà- ðóæåíèÿ. Ñëåäóåò çàìåòèòü, ÷òî, íåñìîòðÿ íà îáùåå ñíèæåíèå ïëîòíîñòè îñòàíêîâ ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö, ïëîòíîñòü ñâåæèõ òðóïîâ ôàêòè÷åñêè ñîõðàíèëàñü íà ëåòíåì óðîâíå, à ñ ó÷¸òîì òðóïîâ 2-õ-íåäåëüíîé äàâíîñòè, êîòîðûå âîîáùå íå ôèêñèðîâàëèñü â ëåò- íèé ïåðèîä, îêàçàëàñü äàæå âûøå (ðèñ. 4). Óâåëè÷åíèå êîëè÷åñòâà öåëûõ òðóïîâ íà ðàçíûõ ñòàäèÿõ ðàçëîæåíèÿ â îñåííèé ïåðèîä, ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ ëåòíèì, îïðåäå- ë¸ííî óêàçûâàåò íà óìåíüøåíèå óðîâíÿ óòèëèçàöèè. Ýòî ìîæíî îáúÿñíèòü íåñêîëü- êèìè ôàêòîðàìè: óñëîæíÿþùèìèñÿ ê êîí- ñîñòàâèëà 32,68 îñòàíêîâ/10 êì ëèíèé.  öó ëåòà óñëîâèÿìè äîáû÷è òðóïîâ èç ïîä îòëè÷èå îò ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà, íà ó÷àñò- ËÝÏ èç-çà âûñîêîé òðàâû, ÷àñòè÷íîé îò- êàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, ïðîõîäÿùèõ ÷åðåç íàèáîëåå êî÷¸âêîé èç ìåñò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ òåððèòîðè- ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûå êîðìîâûå áèîòîïû, íå àëüíûõ «óòèëèçàòîðîâ», íàïðèìåð, êîðøó- íàáëþäàëîñü ëîêàëüíî âûñîêèõ ïîêàçà- íîâ, êîíòðîëèðîâàâøèõ ó÷àñòêè ÏÎ ËÝÏ, òåëåé ïëîòíîñòè ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö. Òåì íå à òàêæå ïîñòåïåííîé ãèáåëüþ èõ ñàìèõ îò ìåíåå, â çîíå âûñîêîé ÷èñëåííîñòè äëèí- ïîðàæåíèÿ òîêîì. Ê òîìó æå, ïîâòîðíî íîõâîñòûõ ñóñëèêîâ óðîâåíü ãèáåëè õèù- îñìîòðåíî 24% ëèíèé, íà êîòîðûõ ðàíåå íûõ ïòèö áûë ñóùåñòâåííî âûøå, ÷åì íà îáíàðóæåííûå îñòàíêè ïòèö íå ó÷èòûâà- äðóãèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ.  öåëîì ïî ðåãèîíó ëèñü – è åñëè â ëåòíåì ó÷¸òå ôèãóðèðóþò ïëîòíîñòü ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö âàðüèðîâàëà â îñòàíêè ñðîêîì îò 3-õ ìåñÿöåâ äî ãîäà, òî î÷åíü íåáîëüøîì äèàïàçîíå – îò 0 äî 8,25 îñåíüþ íà ýòèõ ëèíèÿõ ó÷¸ò îãðàíè÷èâàëñÿ îñòàíêîâ/1 êì ëèíèé (òàáë. 1).  îäíîðîä- 3-ìÿ ìåñÿöàìè. 60 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ËÝÏ 13, 18) è áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga) (ðèñ. 1: ËÝÏ 35). Ïðè ýòîì, ëèøü îäèí ñòåïíîé îð¸ë âîø¸ë â ãðóïïó ñî ñðî- êîì äàâíîñòè äî 5 äíåé, îñòàëüíûå ïòèöû ïî- ãèáëè â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä – â èþëå–àâãóñòå.

Êàìåðàëüíàÿ ðàáîòà Îäíà èç îñíîâíûõ çàäà÷ êàìåðàëüíîé ðàáîòû – âûÿñíèòü, íàñêîëüêî ñëîæèâøàÿ- ñÿ ñòðóêòóðà ÏÎ ËÝÏ âëèÿåò íà ñõåìó ðàñ- ïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö è óðîâåíü çàíÿòîñòè òåððèòîðèé ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ýòèõ ËÝÏ – ðåøå- íà ñ ïîìîùüþ ÃÈÑ-àíàëèçà, êîòîðûé ïî- çâîëèë âûÿâèòü îïðåäåë¸ííûå çàêîíîìåð- íîñòè âî âëèÿíèè ÏÎ ËÝÏ íà çàíÿòîñòü ó÷àñòêîâ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, íàáëþäåíèÿ çà êîòîðûìè âåäóòñÿ ñ 2003 ã. Íà ìîäåëüíîé òåððèòîðèè â Àëòàéñêèõ áîðàõ (ðèñ. 1: ËÝÏ 3–5) èç òð¸õ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêîâ, óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðóãà íà 9,17 è 11,36 êì, äâà ïîïàäàþò â çîíó âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ (ðèñ. 5) – äèñòàíöèÿ îò ãíåç- äà äî ÏÎ ËÝÏ ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,24 è 0,51 êì, ñî- îòâåòñòâåííî. Íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ¹5, óäàë¸ííîì îò óãëî- âîé îïîðû íà 0,51 êì, ðàçìíîæåíèå îòñóò- Ãí¸çäà ìîãèëüíèêà (À) â Ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòè è êîýôôèöèåíòà ñòâîâàëî ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè îäíîãî èç ïàð- íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé áëè- óòèëèçàöèè ãîâîðÿò î òîì, ÷òî ïðîë¸ò åù¸ òí¸ðîâ. Íà ëèíèè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà ãèáåëü çîñòè îò ïòèöåîïàñíûõ äâóõ îðëîâ â ðàííåâåñåííèé ïåðèîä (êîñò- ËÝÏ (B) â ëåíòî÷íûõ íå íà÷àëñÿ è âñÿ ôèêñèðóåìàÿ â ñåíòÿ- áîðàõ Àëòàéñêîãî áðå ãèáåëü îòíîñèòñÿ ê òåððèòîðèàëüíûì íûå îñòàíêè). Çäåñü æå ïðåêðàòèë ñâî¸ ñó- êðàÿ (ââåðõó) è Óñòü- ïòèöàì. Îá ýòîì æå ãîâîðèò íèçêàÿ äîëÿ ùåñòâîâàíèå ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê áàëîáàíîâ Êàíñêîé ñòåïè Ðåñïóá- ïîãèáøèõ ìîëîäûõ ïòèö ñðåäè õèùíèêîâ. (Falco cherrug), ãíåçäî êîòîðîãî ðàñïîëàãà- ëèêè Àëòàé (âíèçó). ëîñü â 2,5 êì îò ÏÎ ËÝÏ, îäíàêî åãî ãè- Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà.  ÷àñòíîñòè, äëÿ êîðøóíà äîëÿ ñë¸òêîâ ñî- ñòàâèëà 13,33% (n=25), ïðè ýòîì âñå òðó- áåëü â òåêóùèé ñåçîí íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ íàõîäêîé Nests of the Imperial îñòàíêîâ íå ïîäòâåðæäåíà.  ñåíòÿáðå íà Eagle (À) located too ïû êîðøóíîâ èìåþò äàâíîñòü ãèáåëè îò 4 close to hazardous PL äî 12 íåäåëü ê ìîìåíòó èõ îáíàðóæåíèÿ. äàííîé òåððèòîðèè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà ãè- (B) in the Altai pine Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ ïòèö áåëü ïàðû áîëüøèõ ïîäîðëèêîâ, ïîãèáøèõ forests, Altai Kray îñåíüþ è ëåòîì áûë ïðèìåðíî îäèíàêîâ ñ ðàçíèöåé â ìåñÿö â èþëå–àâãóñòå. (upper) and in the Íà ìîäåëüíîé òåððèòîðèè â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé Ust-Kanskaya steppe – ïî-ïðåæíåìó äîìèíèðîâàëè âðàíîâûå in the Republiñ of Altai (n=302) – 70,20% è ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè – êîòëîâèíå (ðèñ. 1: ËÝÏ 13–14) âûÿâëåíî 12 (bottom). 27,81%. Ñðåäè ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö ïîÿâèëèñü ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêîâ, 3 – ñòåï- Photos by I. Karyakin. ñêâîðöû (Sturnus vulgaris), êðóïíûå ñòàè íûõ îðëîâ è 1 – áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) êîòîðûõ â ýòîò ïåðèîä êî÷óþò ïî òåððè- (ðèñ. 5). Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ìîãèëü- òîðèè ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ è ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè íèêîâ âàðüèðóåò îò 1,23 äî 3,17 êì, ñîñòàâ- Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, ÷àñòî ñèäÿò íà ïðîâîäàõ è ëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (n=11) 2,3±0,77 êì, ìåæäó ãèáíóò, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî âî âðåìÿ äîæäÿ. ãí¸çäàìè ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ – îò 1,35 äî Ñðåäè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ (n=84) ïðåîá- 3,87 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=2) 2,61±1,78 êì. Áî- ëàäàëè õèùíûå ïòèöû ñåì. ßñòðåáèíûõ ëåå ïîëîâèíû âðåìåíè ïåðèîäà ðàçìíîæå- ñðåäíåãî ðàçìåðíîãî êëàññà (55,95%): êîð- íèÿ ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ îðëû ïðîâîäÿò íà òåððè- øóí, êàíþê (Buteo buteo), òåòåðåâÿòíèê. Çà- òîðèè, êàê ìèíèìóì, ïîëîâèíû äèñòàíöèè ìåòíî óâåëè÷èëñÿ óðîâåíü ãèáåëè ïóñòåëüãè äî ñîñåäíåãî ó÷àñòêà äðóãîé ïàðû. Ïîýòîìó (Falco tinnunculus) – c 9,52% (n=42) ëåòîì ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî â çîíó âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ äî 26,19% (n=84) â ñåíòÿáðå (òàáë. 2). ËÝÏ ïîïàäàþò âñå ó÷àñòêè îðëîâ, ëåæàùèå Èç ïòèö, çàíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó íà ðàññòîÿíèè äî 1,15–1,30 êì îò íå¸. Íà Ðîññèè, íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ËÝÏ äàííîé ìîäåëüíîé òåððèòîðèè ðàññòîÿíèå â ñåíòÿáðå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà ãèáåëü 13 îò ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêîâ äî ÏÎ ËÝÏ âàðüèðó- îñîáåé òð¸õ âèäîâ (4,3% ïòèö): ìîãèëüíèê åò îò 0,39 äî 5,85 êì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (ðèñ. 1: ËÝÏ 13, 18), ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (ðèñ. 1: (n=12) 2,09±1,59 êì, îò ãí¸çä ñòåïíûõ îð- Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 61

áûòü î÷åíü áîëüøîé. Òàê, â Óñòü-Êàëìàíñêîì è Ïåòðîïàâëîâñêîì ðàéîíàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñàìêà è ñàìåö ñàïñàíîâ â ïåðèîä âû- êàðìëèâàíèÿ ñë¸òêîâ (â íà÷àëå èþëÿ) íàáëþ- äàëèñü íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ â 3,5 è 4,9 êì îò ãí¸çä, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. À â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè ïîãèá- ëà ñàìêà èç ïàðû, ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê êîòî- ðîé íàõîäèëñÿ â óùåëüå Êóðàéñêîãî õðåá- òà â 13 êì îò òî÷êè ãèáåëè ïòèöû. Äëÿ ìîäåëüíûõ ïëîùàäåé ìîæíî ãîâî- ðèòü î ðåãóëÿðíîé ãèáåëè îðëîâ íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ, ïðîõîäÿùèõ ÷åðåç èõ ãíåçäîâûå òåð- ðèòîðèè. Åñëè çà ïðåäåëàìè çîíû âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ïóñòóåò ïî òåì èëè èíûì ïðè÷èíàì ëèøü 10% ãí¸çä îðëîâ, òî â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ (n=9) ïóñòóåò 66,7% (ðèñ. 6). Íàè- áîëåå óÿçâèìûì, â ñèëó ñâîèõ îñîáåííî- ñòåé êîðìîäîáû÷è, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñòåïíîé îð¸ë. Ðèñ. 6. Çàíÿòîñòü ãí¸çä ëîâ – îò 0,86 äî 1,7 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=3) Äëÿ ýòîãî âèäà äîëÿ ïóñòóþùèõ ó÷àñòêîâ â îðëîâ (áåðêóò Aquila 1,24±0,43 êì, îò ãíåçäà áåðêóòà – 0,48 êì. chrysaetos, ìîãèëüíèê çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ äîñòèãàåò 100%. Ïî A. heliaca è ñòåïíîé  çîíó âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ îäíîçíà÷íî ïî- ó÷¸òàì 2003–2009 ãã. â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé ñòåïè îð¸ë A. nipalensis) â ïàäàþò ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê áåðêóòà, 4 ãíåç- âûÿâëåíî 10 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïíûõ çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ äîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ìîãèëüíèêîâ è 2 ãíåçäîâûõ è çà å¸ ïðåäåëàìè. îðëîâ è òîëüêî 2 ïàðû ñîñòîÿëè èç ñòàðûõ ó÷àñòêà ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ. Îòìå÷åíî, ÷òî íà ïòèö (20%), îñòàëüíûå ïàðû áûëè ëèáî Fig. 6. Occupancy ó÷àñòêå áåðêóòà ãíåçäî ïóñòóåò, ïòèöû îò- ïîëíîñòüþ èç ìîëîäûõ ïòèö (40%), ëèáî ñ of eagle’s nests ñóòñòâóþò, íà 2-õ ó÷àñòêàõ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ (Golden Eagle Aquila îäíèì ìîëîäûì ïàðòí¸ðîì (40%), ÷òî ãî- chrysaetos, Imperial ãí¸çäà ïóñòóþò, ïðè÷¸ì íà îäíîì èç ó÷àñò- âîðèò î ÷àñòîé ãèáåëè ïòèö ýòîé ãíåçäîâîé Eagle A. heliaca and êîâ çàôèêñèðîâàíà ãèáåëü äâóõ ïòèö, îäíà ãðóïïèðîâêè. Ïðè ýòîì, òîëüêî â ñåçîí Steppe Eagle A. èç êîòîðûõ ïîãèáëà â äåíü îñìîòðà ËÝÏ, íà 2009 ã. íà 2-õ âåòêàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ïðîòÿæ¸ííî- nipalensis) in a zone of 2-õ èç 4-õ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêîâ ãí¸çäà ïó- PL impact and out of it. ñòüþ 20,57 êì îáíàðóæåíû òðóïû 10 ñòåï- ñòóþò (ïðè÷¸ì, íà îäíîì èç íèõ îòìå÷åíà íûõ îðëîâ (ðèñ. 7). Äëÿ ìîãèëüíèêà äîëÿ ïó- Ðèñ. 7. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãèáåëü îáåèõ ïòèö), à íà òðåòüåì ó÷àñòêå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòóþùèõ ó÷àñòêîâ â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ îäèí èç ïàðòí¸ðîâ – ïòèöà âîçðàñòà 3–4-õ ïî äâóì ìîäåëüíûì ïëîùàäêàì îïðåäåëåíà ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Óñòü- ëåò, ÿâíî çàìåíèâøàÿ ïîãèáøåãî ðàíåå Êàíñêîé ñòåïè è îñòàí- â 50%. Òàê èëè èíà÷å, ñóùåñòâåííóþ ðîëü êîâ ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ íà ïàðòí¸ðà.  ñåíòÿáðå íà ýòîì æå ó÷àñòêå èãðàåò äèñòàíöèÿ îò ÏÎ ËÝÏ äî ãíåçäà, è ËÝÏ â 2009 ã. ËÝÏ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà ãèáåëü åù¸ îäíîãî ÷åì îíà ìåíüøå, òåì âûøå âåðîÿòíîñòü áû- Fig. 7. Distribution ìîãèëüíèêà è ñòåïíîãî îðëà, ïðè÷¸ì ãèáåëü ñòðîé ãèáåëè ïòèö. Ïðè ýòîì, íà ëèíèÿõ, breeding territories of ïòèö ïðîèçîøëà íàïðîòèâ ãí¸çä, êîòîðûå êîòîðûå òÿíóòñÿ âïëîòíóþ ê îïóøêå ëåñà the Steppe Eagle in the ëåòîì áûëè æèëûå. Ust-Kanskaya steppe íà äèñòàíöèè äî 30 ì îò êðàéíèõ äåðåâüåâ, Äëÿ ñàïñàíà, èìåþùåãî áîëüøèå îõîòíè- and remains of birds ãèáåëü ìîãèëüíèêîâ íå íàáëþäàåòñÿ ïî òîé electrocuted in 2009. ÷üè ó÷àñòêè, çîíà âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ìîæåò ïðè÷èíå, ÷òî îðëû íå ïðèñàæèâàþòñÿ íà îïîðû ýòèõ ËÝÏ, ïðåäïî÷èòàÿ ñèäåòü íà äå- ðåâüÿõ íàä íèìè.  öåëîì ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î ðåãóëÿðíîé ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ. Îñòàâøè- åñÿ â æèâûõ ïòèöû ïðèâîäÿò ìîëîäûõ ïàð- òí¸ðîâ ê ãíåçäó, â ðåçóëüòàòå íàáëþäàåòñÿ ýïèçîäè÷åñêîå ðàçìíîæåíèå, êîòîðîå, êàê ïðàâèëî, çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ ãèáåëüþ îäíîãî èç ïàðòí¸ðîâ. Åñëè äàæå îáå ïòèöû íà ó÷àñòêå â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ãèáíóò â òåêóùèé ñåçîí, ãíåçäîâàÿ ïîñòðîéêà íà ñëåäóþùèé ñåçîí ïðèâëåêàåò ìîëîäûõ ïòèö, êîòîðûå ôîðìèðóþò ïàðó íà äàííîì ó÷àñòêå è òàê- æå ãèáíóò íà îïîðàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ áëèç ãíåç- äà. Ïîýòîìó â òå÷åíèå ðÿäà ëåò ó÷àñòîê ñ ãíåçäîì â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ ìîæåò àêêóìóëèðîâàòü ãèáåëü ñâîáîäíûõ îñîáåé, â íåñêîëüêî ðàç óâåëè÷èâàÿ ãèáåëü ïòèö â 62 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

öåëîì ïî êîíêðåòíîé òåððèòîðèè. Àíàëèç ñõåì ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ íàèáîëåå èçó÷åííûõ êðóïíûõ õèùíèêîâ, òàêèõ êàê ìîãèëüíèê, ñòåïíîé îð¸ë, áàëîáàí è ñàïñàí, ïîçâîëÿåò ãîâî- ðèòü î òîì, ÷òî 10–13% ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëü- íèêîâ, 9–11% ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ, 4–6% ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ è 2–4% ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíîâ ëåæèò â çîíå âëèÿíèÿ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì ïðàêòè÷åñêè åæåãîäíî ìîæ- íî îæèäàòü îòñóòñòâèÿ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ íå ìåíåå ÷åì íà 37–49 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ìîãèëüíèêîâ, 69–85 – ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ, 15–22 – ñàïñàíîâ è 10–20 – áàëîáàíîâ (äëÿ òð¸õ ïåðâûõ âè- äîâ ãèáåëü ïòèö ïîäòâåðæäåíà ôàêòè÷å- ñêèìè íàõîäêàìè). Íà îñíîâàíèè îöåíåííîé íàìè ïðîòÿ- æ¸ííîñòè ÏÎ ËÝÏ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå è Ðå- Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë, ïîãèáøèé íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé ñïóáëèêå Àëòàé (2880 êì) è ïîêàçàòåëÿõ ñòåïè (ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Ðàçâèòèå èíôðàñòðóê- ãèáåëè ïòèö íà 4,74% ýòèõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ, ïîëó- Steppe Eagle died from electrocution in the Ust- òóðû ñîòîâîé ñâÿçè ÷åííûõ â ñåçîí 2009 ã., óäàëîñü ðàññ÷èòàòü Kanskaya steppe (Republic of Altai). Photo by I. Karyakin. íåñ¸ò â ñåáå îïàñíîñòü ãèáåëü ïòèö â çîíå îòâåòñòâåííîñòè ôè- äëÿ ïòèö: íåêîòîðûå êîìïàíèè, â ÷àñòíîñòè ëèàëîâ «Àëòàéýíåðãî» è «Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêèå Áèëàéí, èãíîðèðóÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè» â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä. ãèáåëè ïòèö íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ÏÎ ïðèðîäîîõðàííîå Ïðè ñðåäíåé ïëîòíîñòè ïîãèáøèõ ïòèö íà ËÝÏ ñîñòàâëÿåò 2 ìëí. 294 òûñ. ðóá. èëè çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâî, íå ìîäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ (ñ ó÷¸òîì êîýô- 16,81 òûñ. ðóá./êì ËÝÏ 6–10 êÂ. Íà ïåð- îñíàùàþò ÏÇÓ íîâûå ËÝÏ, ïîäàþùèå ýëåê- ôèöèåíòà óòèëèçàöèè – 140,16 ïòèö/10 êì íàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, ñîñòàâëÿþùèõ 28,25% îò òðè÷åñòâî ê âûøêàì. ÏÎ ËÝÏ çà 4 ìåñÿöà) â öåëîì ïî ðåãèî- îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà ãèáíóùèõ ïòèö, ïðèõî- Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. íó â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä åæåãîäíî ãèáíåò äèòñÿ 86% ñóììû óùåðáà. Ñ ó÷¸òîì êîýô- The developing 40,4 òûñ. îñîáåé. Îêîëî 11,4 òûñ. èç ïî- ôèöèåíòà óòèëèçàöèè (3,1) óùåðá ñîñòàâëÿ- network of mobile ãèáàþùèõ íà ËÝÏ ïòèö – ïåðíàòûå õèù- åò ìèíèìóì 7 ìëí. 111 òûñ. ðóá. (52,11 òûñ. communication is íèêè, â ÷àñòíîñòè, ìîãèëüíèê – â ñðåäíåì ðóá./êì ËÝÏ 6–10 êÂ), è ýòî ëèøü 4,74% îò turning out a threat to birds because 452 îñîáè (25,0% îò îöåíî÷íîé ÷èñëåí- îáùåãî óùåðáà íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî some companies, in íîñòè âèäà â ðåãèîíå), ñòåïíîé îð¸ë – â êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé. Ó÷èòûâàÿ îáùóþ particular “Beeline” ñðåäíåì 997 îñîáåé (45,0%), ñàïñàí – â ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ÏÎ ËÝÏ â çîíå îòâåòñòâåí- ignore Russian laws ñðåäíåì 89 îñîáåé (8,4%). íîñòè äâóõ ôèëèàëîâ «ÌÐÑÊ Ñèáèðè», and not retrofit new PL providing electricity to Äëÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà óæå ñóùåñòâóþùàÿ óùåðá, ñâÿçàííûé ñ ãèáåëüþ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ towers with BPD. ñèñòåìà ÏÎ ËÝÏ ÿâëÿåòñÿ êðèòè÷åñêîé, ïòèö, ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 150,1 ìëí. ðóá. â Photo by I. Karyakin. âîçìîæíî ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå âèä îòñóòñòâó- ãîä. Ñ ó÷¸òîì ïðîë¸òíûõ ïòèö îí ìîæåò äî- åò âî ìíîãèõ ãíåçäîïðèãîä- ñòèãàòü 200–300 ìëí. ðóá. â ãîä. íûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ ìàëîé Äàæå ïðè íàáëþäàåìîé ãèáåëè ïòèö ñ ïëîùàäè ñ ðàçâèòîé ñåòüþ óùåðáîì â 16,81 òûñ. ðóá./êì ËÝÏ 6–10 ê ÏÎ ËÝÏ è íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè èëè 1,12 òûñ. ðóá. íà îïîðó (ïðè ñðåäíåì ãíåçäîâîé îáëàñòè âèäà â ðå- êîëè÷åñòâå 15 îïîð/êì â ÏÎ ËÝÏ), ðåàëè- ãèîíå äîìèíèðóþò ïàðû ñ çàöèÿ ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ýêîíî- ìîëîäûìè ïàðòí¸ðàìè. Óâå- ìè÷åñêè îïðàâäàíà. Ïðè îñíàùåíèè ëèíèé ëè÷åíèå ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè ÏÎ ÏÇÓ ÊÏ-1Á ÎÎÎ «Èçîòåõíîñåðâèñ» (Í. ËÝÏ â ðåãèîíå â äâà ðàçà áó- Íîâãîðîä) ðàñõîä íà îäíó îïîðó âàðüè- äåò ÿâëÿòüñÿ óãðîæàþùåé äëÿ ðóåò îò 900 äî 1200 ðóá. â çàâèñèìîñòè ìîãèëüíèêà, à â 4–5 ðàç – è îò îáú¸ìà ïîñòàâêè. Ò.å., ðàçîâûé ðàñõîä äëÿ ñàïñàíà. íà ïòèöåçàùèòíûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ðàâåí íà- Èñõîäÿ èç «Ìåòîäèêè èñ- áëþäàåìîìó ãîäîâîìó óùåðáó îò ãèáåëè ÷èñëåíèÿ ðàçìåðà âðåäà, ïòèö â ðåçóëüòàòå ýêñïëóàòàöèè ÏÎ ËÝÏ è ïðè÷èí¸ííîãî îáúåêòàì æè- â 3–4 ðàçà ìåíüøå ôàêòè÷åñêîãî óùåðáà. âîòíîãî ìèðà, çàíåñ¸ííûì â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ» (Âûäåðæ- Âûâîäû êè…, 2008) óùåðá æèâîòíîìó 1. Îïîðû ÏÎ ËÝÏ ÿâëÿþòñÿ «ýëåêòðî- ìèðó òîëüêî ïî íàáëþäàåìîé êàïêàíàìè» äëÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö, ïîñëåäîâà- Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 63

òåëüíî óíè÷òîæàþùèìè ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèö ËÝÏ 6–10 ê è ñíèæåíèÿ èõ íåãàòèâ- â ðåãèîíå. íîãî âëèÿíèÿ íà ôàóíèñòè÷åñêèå êîì- 2. Ìàññîâûå âèäû ïòèö, ïðåèìóùå- ïëåêñû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè ñòâåííî âðàíîâûå, ãèáíóò íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ îò Àëòàé íåîáõîäèìî, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü, ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì â áîëüøîì êî- èñêëþ÷èòü âîçìîæíîñòü êîíòàêòà ïòèö ëè÷åñòâå, è èõ òðóïû, ëåæàùèå ïîä îïî- ñ îòêðûòûìè (íåèçîëèðîâàííûìè) ÷à- ðàìè ëèáî âèñÿùèå íà òðàâåðñàõ, ñëóæàò ñòÿìè ýëåêòðîîáîðóäîâàíèÿ. Äëÿ ýòîãî ñâîåîáðàçíîé «ïðèìàíêîé» äëÿ ïåðíàòûõ ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ: õèùíèêîâ, òàêæå óâåëè÷èâàÿ ãèáåëü ïî- 1. Çàïðåòèòü ñòðîèòåëüñòâî íîâûõ ËÝÏ ñëåäíèõ. 6–10 ê íà áåòîííûõ îïîðàõ ñî øòûðå- 3. Ñòåïíûå êîòëîâèíû Ðåñïóáëèêè Àë- âûìè èçîëÿòîðàìè è íåèçîëèðîâàííûì òàé è îïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ Àëòàéñêî- ïðîâîäîì íà âñåé òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî ãî êðàÿ – íàèáîëåå çíà÷èìûå ðàéîíû, ãäå êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé. Îáÿçàòü ïîëü- íàáëþäàåòñÿ ìàññîâàÿ ãèáåëü õèùíûõ ïòèö çîâàòåëåé ïðè âîçâåäåíèè íîâûõ ËÝÏ èñ- íà ÏÎ ËÝÏ. ïîëüçîâàòü ëèáî èçîëèðîâàííûé ïðîâîä 4.  ïðåäãîðüÿõ è ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ â ãíåçäî- ÑÈÏ-3 (ÃÎÑÒ Ð 52373-2005), ëèáî, ïðè âîé ïåðèîä íàáëþäàåòñÿ âûñîêèé óðîâåíü èñïîëüçîâàíèè íåèçîëèðîâàííîãî ïðî- óòèëèçàöèè òðóïîâ ïòèö, ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ, âîäà, ðàñïîëàãàòü ïðîâîä íà ïîäâåñíûõ êîòîðûé ïîñòåïåííî ïàäàåò ê êîíöó ñåçî- èçîëÿòîðàõ èëè èñïîëüçîâàòü äåðåâÿííûå íà ðàçìíîæåíèÿ.  ñâÿçè ñ âûñîêèì óðîâ- îïîðû ñ ðàñïîëîæåíèåì èçîëÿòîðîâ íå- íåì óòèëèçàöèè òðóïîâ ïòèö íàáëþäàåìàÿ ïîñðåäñòâåííî íà îïîðå. ãèáåëü â 3,1 ðàç ìåíüøå ôàêòè÷åñêîé. 2. Ïðîèçâåñòè çàìåíó íåèçîëèðîâàí- 5.  ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä â çîíå îòâåòñòâåí- íîãî òîêîíåñóùåãî ïðîâîäà íà âñåõ ËÝÏ íîñòè ôèëèàëîâ «Àëòàéýíåðãî» è «Ãîðíî- 6–10 ê íà áåòîííûõ îïîðàõ ñî øòûðåâû- Àëòàéñêèå ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ñåòè» ãèáíåò ìè èçîëÿòîðàìè íà èçîëèðîâàííûé ïðî- îêîëî 40,4 òûñ. ïòèö, îêîëî 11,4 òûñ. èç âîä ÑÈÏ-3 ëèáî, â êà÷åñòâå òåõíè÷åñêî- êîòîðûõ – õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû. ãî ðåøåíèÿ, àëüòåðíàòèâíîãî óñòàíîâêå 6. Íà îñìîòðåííûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ÏÎ ËÝÏ çà- ÑÈÏ-3, îáîðóäîâàòü ËÝÏ ñïåöèàëüíûìè Ïòèöåîïàñíàÿ ËÝÏ (À), ôèêñèðîâàí óùåðá îò ãèáåëè ïòèö â 2 ìëí. ïòèöåçàùèòíûìè óñòðîéñòâàìè (ÏÇÓ), ñòðîÿùàÿñÿ ïîä îäíèì 294 òûñ. ðóá., ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò â ñðåäíåì îáåñïå÷èâàþùèìè çàùèòó ïòèö íà äåé- èç ãí¸çä êîðøóíà (Â) â 16,81 òûñ. ðóá. íà 1 êì ËÝÏ 6–10 ê èëè ñòâóþùèõ ËÝÏ 6–10 ê â ñîîòâåòñòâèè åäèíñòâåííîé â Ðîññèè êîëîíèè êîðøóíîâ, 1,12 òûñ. ðóá. íà îïîðó. ñ «Òðåáîâàíèÿìè ïî ïðåäîòâðàùåíèþ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà âûñîêî- 7. Îáùèé óùåðá îò ãèáåëè ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ãèáåëè îáúåêòîâ æèâîòíîãî ìèðà ïðè âîëüòíîé ËÝÏ áëèç ïòèö ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè ËÝÏ 6–10 ê íà òåð- îñóùåñòâëåíèè ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ ïðî- ï. Êîø-Àãà÷ â Ðåñïó- ðèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è Ðåñïóáëèêè Àë- öåññîâ, à òàêæå ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè òðàíñ- áëèêå Àëòàé. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. òàé îöåí¸í êàê ìèíèìóì â 150,1 ìëí. ðóá. ïîðòíûõ ìàãèñòðàëåé, òðóáîïðîâîäîâ, 8. Ñòîèìîñòü îñíàùåíèÿ ÏÇÓ îäíîé ëèíèé ñâÿçè è ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è» (óòâåðæ- Hazardous PL (À), constructing near a nest îïîðû ÏÎ ËÝÏ ðàâíà ñóììå íàáëþäàåìî- äåíû ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ of the Black Kite (Â)in ãî óùåðáà îò ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ýòîé îïîðå â îò 13 àâãóñòà 1996 ã. ¹ 997). the unique breeding òå÷åíèå ëèøü îäíîãî ãíåçäîâîãî ñåçîíà.  ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü îñóùåñòâèòü çàìåíó colony of Kites on Pl ïðîâîäà èëè îñíàùåíèå ËÝÏ ÏÇÓ: with high voltage near Kosh-Agach in the Ðåêîìåíäàöèè – â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé – íà áåçëåñíûõ Republic of Altai.  öåëÿõ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ îõðàíû îáúåê- òåððèòîðèÿõ â Êîø-Àãà÷ñêîì ðàéîíå Photo by I. Karyakin. òîâ æèâîòíîãî ìèðà ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè, â Óñòü-Êîêñèíñêîì ðàéîíå â Óéìîíñêîé ñòåïè, â Àáàé- ñêîé ñòåïè, â Óñòü-Êàíñêîì ðàéîíå â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé ñòåïè, â äîëèíå ð. Àíóé, â Øåáàëèíñêîì ðàéîíå â äîëèíàõ ðåê Ïåñ÷àíàÿ è Ñåìà, â Îíãóäàéñêîì ðàéî- íå â äîëèíå ð. Óðñóë è å¸ êðóïíûõ ïðè- òîêîâ, â äîëèíå ð. Êàòóíü, â ×åìàëüñêîì ðàéîíå â äîëèíå ð. Êàòóíü; – â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå – â ïîëîñå ïðåä- ãîðèé, ãîðíîé ñòåïè è ëåñîñòåïè íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî, Ñìîëåíñêîãî, Ïåòðîïàâëîâñêîãî, Ñîëîíåøåíñêîãî, Óñòü-Êàëìàíñêîãî, ×àðûøñêîãî, Êðàñíî- ùåêîâñêîãî, Êóðüèíñêîãî, Çìåèíîãîðñêî- ãî, Òðåòüÿêîâñêîãî è Ëîêòåâñêîãî ðàéîíîâ, 64 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

â ïðèîïóøå÷íîé çîíå ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ Çàêëþ÷åíèå (â ïîëîñå äî 3 êì îò îïóøêè) íà òåððè- Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî áîëüøèíñòâî ÏÎ òîðèè Óãëîâñêîãî, Ðóáöîâñêîãî, Åãîðüåâ- ËÝÏ â ðåãèîíå íå îñíàùåíî ÏÇÓ, ïîä- ñêîãî, Íîâè÷èõèíñêîãî, Øèïóíîâñêîãî, âèæêè â ñîáëþäåíèè ïðèðîäîîõðàííîãî Àëåéñêîãî, Òîï÷èõèíñêîãî, Êàëìàíñêîãî, çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà âëàäåëüöàìè, ïîëüçîâà- Ïàâëîâñêîãî, Ðåáðèõèíñêîãî, Ìàìîí- òåëÿìè è ñòðîèòåëÿìè ËÝÏ âñ¸ æå åñòü. òîâñêîãî, Ðîìàíîâñêîãî, Âîë÷èõèíñêîãî, Íà îòâîäêàõ ê âûøêàì ñîòîâîé ñâÿçè ÌÒÑ Ìèõàéëîâñêîãî, Êëþ÷åâñêîãî, Øåëàáîëè- èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ÑÈÏ-3. ËÝÏ ê íîâîìó ïîñ. õèíñêîãî, Çàâüÿëîâñêîãî, Òþìåíöåâñêîãî, Áåëüòèð â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé îñíàùåíà çàùèòíûìè êîæóõàìè ôèíñêîãî ïðîèç- âîäñòâà. Ïîñëåäíåå ÿâëåíèå èìååò ñìûñë îïèñàòü áîëåå ïîäðîáíî. Ðàäóåò òî, ÷òî ñòðîèòåëè îçàáîòèëèñü çàùèòîé èçîëÿòî- ðîâ è ïðîâîäà, îäíàêî çàùèòíûå êîæóõè íå ñîîòâåòñòâóþò ñòàíäàðòó èçîëÿòîðîâ, íà êîòîðûõ îíè çàêðåïëåíû, èõ ìîíòàæ îñóùåñòâë¸í ñ íàðóøåíèÿìè òåõíîëîãèè, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî ñóùåñòâóåò çîíà êîíòàêòà ïòèöû, ñèäÿùåé íà òðàâåðñå, ñ ïðîâîäîì, êîæóõè óñòàíîâëåíû òîëüêî íà èçîëÿòîðû ãîðèçîíòàëüíîãî òðàâåðñà, ê òîìó æå ýòè êîæóõè íå ðàññ÷èòàíû íà ðàçìàõ êðû- ëüåâ êðóïíîé ïòèöû, è äàæå ïðè èõ ïðà- âèëüíîé óñòàíîâêå îïîðû áóäóò ÿâëÿòüñÿ îïàñíûìè äëÿ îðëîâ. Âèäèìî ñòðîèòåëè, âûáèðàÿ êîæóõè ôèíñêîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà, íå çíàëè èõ ñïåöèôèêàöèþ, à òàêæå íå âëàäåëè èíôîðìàöèåé ïî ðûíêó ÏÇÓ ðîñ- ñèéñêîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà, ñïåöèàëüíî àäàï- òèðîâàííûõ äëÿ ñòàíäàðòíûõ ðîññèéñêèõ èçîëÿòîðîâ. Ïðèõîäèòñÿ ëèøü íàäåÿòüñÿ íà òî, ÷òî ïîäîáíûå êàçóñû âñ¸ ìåíüøå è ìåíüøå áóäóò âñòðå÷àòüñÿ â ïðàêòèêå îñíàùåíèÿ ËÝÏ ÏÇÓ.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè (ìåòîäè- ÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî èçó÷åíèþ ñîêîëîî- áðàçíûõ è ñîâîîáðàçíûõ). Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä, 2004. 351 ñ. Ïóñòåëüãè (Falco tinnunculus) ïîäâåðãàþòñÿ óãðîçå ïîðàæåíèÿ òîêîì íà ËÝÏ Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï., Ãëûáèíà Ì.À., Êîø-Àãà÷ – Áåëüòèð â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé, íåïðàâèëüíî îñíàù¸ííîé ôèíñêèìè êîæóõàìè. À – âåðõíèé èçîëÿòîð íå çàêðûò êîæóõîì. B – èç-çà íåñîîòâåòñòâèÿ Ïèòåðîâà Å.Í. Îöåíêà óðîâíÿ ãèáåëè õèùíûõ êîíñòðóêöèè êîæóõà êîíñòðóêöèè èçîëÿòîðîâ èìååòñÿ çîíà âîçìîæíîãî êîíòàê- ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è 6–10 ê â òà ïòèöû, ñèäÿùåé íà òðàâåðñå, ñ òîêîíåñóùèì ïðîâîäîì. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Êèíåëüñêîì ðàéîíå Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè ÃÈÑ- Kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) are threatened by electrocution on PL Kosh-Agach ìåòîäàìè. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. – Beltir in the Republic of Altai, wrong retrofitted with Finnish hoods. À – upper 2008. ¹14. C. 50–58. insulators not covered by a hood. B – due to inadequate design of hood there is a Ìàöûíà À.È., Ìàöûíà Å.Ë., Êîðîëüêîâ Ì.À. zone of possible contact of birds sitting on the crossarm with energizing wire. Ïåðâûå èòîãè ïðèìåíåíèÿ è îöåíêà ýôôåêòèâ- Photos by I. Karyakin. íîñòè ñîâðåìåííûõ ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è 6–10 ê â Ðîññèè. Êàìåíñêîãî, Áàåâñêîãî, Êðóòèõèíñêîãî è – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2008. ¹14. Ïàíêðóøèõèíñêîãî ðàéîíîâ. Ñ. 59–62. 3. Ïîñëå âûïîëíåíèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî Âûäåðæêè èç ìåòîäèêè èñ÷èñëåíèÿ ðàçìå- îáåñïå÷åíèþ áåçîïàñíîñòè ËÝÏ 6–10 ê ðà âðåäà, ïðè÷èí¸ííîãî îáúåêòàì æèâîòíîãî ïðîâåñòè îöåíêó ýôôåêòèâíîñòè çàùèò- ìèðà, çàíåñ¸ííûì â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ, à òàêæå íûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé. èíûì îáúåêòàì æèâîòíîãî ìèðà, íå îòíîñÿùèì- 4. Åæåãîäíî ïðîâîäèòü îáñëåäîâàíèå ñÿ ê îáúåêòàì îõîòû è ðûáîëîâñòâà è ñðåäå èõ ñîñòîÿíèÿ ÏÇÓ è ñâîåâðåìåííî âûïîëíÿòü îáèòàíèÿ (Óòâåðæäåíà Ïðèêàçîì ÌÏÐ Ðîññèè íåîáõîäèìûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ ïî èõ ðåìîíòó îò 28.04.2008 ¹107). – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è è îáñëóæèâàíèþ. èõ îõðàíà. 2008. ¹14. Ñ. 12–14. Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 65

PracticeofApplyingofBirdProtectiveDevicesforPowerLines 6–10kVintheUlyanovskDistrict,Russia ОПЫТ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ПТИЦЕЗАЩИТНОГО УСТРОЙСТВА «ПЗУ 6–10 КВ» В УЛЬЯНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ SaltykovA.V.(RussianBirdConservationUnion,SimbirskoeBranch,Ulyanovsk,Russia) Салтыков А.В. (Симбирское отделение Союза охраны птиц России, Ульяновск, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Àáñòðàêò Àíäðåé Ñàëòûêîâ  ñòàòüå ïðèâîäèòñÿ êðàòêàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î ïðàêòèêå ðåøåíèÿ ïðîáëåìû «Ïòèöû è ËÝÏ» â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îá- Ñèìáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå ëàñòè.  ðàìêàõ ðàáîò, íàïðàâëåííûõ íà ðåøåíèå äàííîé ïðîáëåìû, ðàçðàáîòàíû è âíåäðåíû â ïðîèçâîäñòâî Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïòèö ïòèöåçàùèòíûå óñòðîéñòâà íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è 10 êÂ. Ðîññèè, Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ïîðàæåíèå ýëåêòðîòîêîì, ËÝÏ, ïòèöåçàùèòíûå óñòðîéñòâà. Óëüÿíîâñê, Ðîññèÿ [email protected] Abstract There is short information about the problem of birds electrocution solving in the Ulyanovsk district. Within activities for the solving a problem the special bird protective devices are developed and applied on power lines (PL) 10 kV. Contact: Keywords: electrocution, powerlines, bird protected devices. Andrey Saltykov Russian Bird Conserva- tion Union, Simbirskoe Ìàñøòàáû óùåðáà, åæåãîäíî ïðè÷èíÿå- Scales of the annual damage caused to birds Branch ìîãî â Ðîññèè ïòèöàì â ðåçóëüòàòå èõ ïî- from electrocution in Russia are measured Ulyanovsk, Russia [email protected] ðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèì òîêîì íà ëèíèÿõ by us at a level of 20–50 billion roubles. ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è (ÂË), îïðåäåëÿþòñÿ íàìè Since 1997 rather successful judicial prac- íà óðîâíå 20–50 ìëðä. ðóáëåé. tice of the decision of a problem of bird Íà÷èíàÿ ñ 1997 ã. â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè electrocution has existed in the Ulyanovsk ñëîæèëàñü îòíîñèòåëüíî óñïåøíàÿ ñóäåá- district, one result of which became to íàÿ ïðàêòèêà ðåøåíèÿ ïðîáëåìû «Ïòè- recognize the using of PL 6–10 ê not öû è ËÝÏ», îäíèì èç ðåçóëüòàòîâ êîòîðîé equipped with bird protective devices as ñòàëî áåññïîðíîå ïðèçíàíèå ýêñïëóàòàöèè ÂË 6–10 êÂ, íå îñíàù¸ííûõ ïòèöåçàùèòíûìè óñòðîéñòâàìè, ïðîòèâîðå÷à- ùåé Ôåäåðàëüíîìó Çàêîíó «Î æèâîòíîì ìèðå» (ñò. 28) è «Òðåáîâàíèÿì ïî ïðåäîòâðà- ùåíèþ ãèáåëè îáúåêòîâ æèâîò- íîãî ìèðà ïðè îñóùåñòâëåíèè ïðîèçâîäñòâåííûõ ïðîöåñ- ñîâ, à òàêæå ïðè ýêñïëóàòàöèè òðàíñïîðòíûõ ìàãèñòðàëåé, òðóáîïðîâîäîâ, ëèíèé ñâÿ- çè è ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è» (ï. 34, ðàçä. VII.), óòâ. ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà ÐÔ îò 13 àâãóñòà 1996 ã. ¹ 997. Àðáèòðàæíûé ñóä Óëüÿíîâ- ñêîé îáëàñòè íå ïðèçíàë äî- âîäû âëàäåëüöåâ ËÝÏ î òîì, ÷òî ýêñïëóàòèðóåìûå èìè ÂË 10 ê ïîñòðîåíû ïî óòâåðæ- ä¸ííûì ïðîåêòàì, à òàêæå î Êàíþêè (Buteo buteo) (ââåðõó) è êîá÷èê (Falco vespertinus) (âíèçó), òîì, ÷òî ËÝÏ áûëè ñîîðóæå- ïîãèáøèå íà ËÝÏ. Ôîòî À. Ñàëòûêîâà. íû åù¸ äî ïðèíÿòèÿ ÔÇ «Î Buzzards (Buteo buteo) (upper) and Red-Footed Falcon (Falco æèâîòíîì ìèðå» è óêàçàííûõ vespertinus) (bottom) died by electrocution on power lines. âûøå «Òðåáîâàíèé». Photos by A. Saltykov. 66 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Îäíàêî óêàçàííûé óñïåõ â òî âðåìÿ íå ïî- ëó÷èë äîëæíîãî ðàçâèòèÿ èç-çà îòñóòñòâèÿ íà îòå÷åñòâåííîì ýëåêòðîòåõíè÷åñêîì ðûíêå ýôôåêòèâíûõ ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ. Òèïîâûå ñîâåòñêèå çàùèòíûå óñòðîéñòâà èç õîëîñòûõ èçîëÿòîðîâ è êóñòàðíûå ïðèñïî- ñîáëåíèÿ èç ïëàñòèêîâûõ áóòûëîê (Ñàëòû- êîâ, 1999), îòíîñèòåëüíî íåïëîõî çàðåêî- ìåíäîâàâøèå ñåáÿ â îòíîøåíèè ïòèö ìåëêèõ è ñðåäíèõ ðàçìåðíûõ ãðóïï, ïðèìåíèòåëüíî ê ñîâàì, ÿñòðåáàì, êàíþêàì, ëóíÿì, îðëàì è àíàëîãè÷íûì èì ïî ðàçìåðàì ïòèöàì îêàçà- ëèñü ìàëî ýôôåêòèâíûìè. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòî îáñòîÿòåëüñòâî, â Óëüÿíîâ- ñêå ñèëàìè ÎÎÎ «Ýêî-ÍÈÎÊл íà÷àëàñü êîíñòðóêòîðñêàÿ ðàçðàáîòêà ÏÇÓ íîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ íà îñíîâå ë¸ãêèõ ñòîéêèõ äèý- ëåêòðè÷åñêèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, à òàêæå ïîèñê îïòèìàëüíîé òåõíîëîãèè ïðîèçâîäñòâà è ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåé ïðîèçâîäñòâåííîé áàçû.  èòîãå ïòèöåçàùèòíîå óñòðîéñòâî, èçãî- òîâëåííîå èç ìîäèôèöèðîâàííîãî ÀÁÑ- ïëàñòèêà (ðèñ. 1), ïðîéäÿ íåîáõîäèìûå ëà- áîðàòîðíûå ñòåíäîâûå è ðàáî÷èå ïîëåâûå Ðèñ. 1. Ïòèöåçàùèòíûå óñòðîéñòâà äëÿ ËÝÏ 6–10 ê èç ìîäèôèöèðîâàííîãî ÀÁÑ-ïëàñòèêà íà ËÝÏ (ââåð- èñïûòàíèÿ, áûëî ðåêîìåíäîâàíî Óïðàâëå- õó) è íà ñòåíäå (âíèçó). Ôîòî À. Ñàëòûêîâà. íèåì Ðîñòåõíàäçîðà ïî Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëà- Fig. 1. Bird protective devices for PL 6–10 kV made of ñòè äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ íà ÂË 10 êÂ. ABS-plastic on a power line (upper) and at the stand Ñ 2009 ã. ÎÎÎ «Ýêî-ÍÈÎÊл ïðèñòóïè- (bottom). Photos by A. Saltykov. ëî ê ñåðèéíîìó âûïóñêó îïèñàííûõ âûøå ñîáñòâåííûõ çàïàòåíòîâàííûõ ñåðòèôèöè- a violation of the Russian legislation. How- ðîâàííûõ ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ óñòðîéñòâ äëÿ ÂË ever at that time it was not possible to 6–10 êÂ, îòâå÷àþùèõ íå òîëüêî òðåáîâà- solve a problem of bird protection effec- íèÿì ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà, íî tively because of absence of such devices è îñîáûì òåõíè÷åñêèì óñëîâèÿì ýëåêòðî- in the Russian market. Considering this ñåòåâèêîâ, èãíîðèðîâàíèå êîòîðûõ ïîëíî- circumstance, the Joint-Stock Company

Óëüÿíîâñêîå ÏÇÓ ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîíñòðóêòèâíî àäàïòèðîâàííîé ìîäèôèêàöèåé ïðèìåíÿåìûõ çà ðóáåæîì ïëà- ñòèêîâûõ ôóòëÿðîâ-êîæóõîâ, ìîíòèðóåìûõ íà îãîë¸ííîì ïðîâîäå â ìåñòå åãî êðåïëåíèÿ ê èçîëÿòîðó, ÷òî ïîëíîñòüþ èñêëþ÷àåò âûçûâàåìîå ïòèöàìè êîðîòêîå çàìûêàíèå íà ËÝÏ. ÏÇÓ ÿâëÿåòñÿ óíèâåðñàëüíûì â ñâî¸ì êëàññå óñòðîéñòâîì, ïîçâîëÿþùèì èñïîëüçîâàòü åãî äëÿ âñåãî ñïåêòðà øòûðåâûõ èçîëÿòîðîâ, ïðèìå- íÿåìûõ â Ðîññèè íà ÂË 10 ê (âïëîòü äî ØÔ-20). ÀÁÑ-ïëàñòèê (àêðèëîíèòðèëáóòàäèåíñòèðîë, íàðÿäó ñ ñîïîëèìåðàìè ÑÀÍ, ÀÑÀ, ÑÁÑ) ñî÷åòàåò âûñîêóþ æ¸ñòêîñòü è ñòîéêîñòü ê óäàðíûì íàãðóçêàì, âûäåðæèâàåò íèçêèå òåìïåðàòóðû, èìååò õîðîøèå ýëåêòðîèçî- ëÿöèîííûå ñâîéñòâà, ñòîéêîñòü ê ñëàáûì êèñëîòàì, ðàñòâîðàì ùåëî÷åé è ñîëåé, ñïèðòàì, âîäå, àòìîñôåð- íûì âîçäåéñòâèÿì. Ýòî ïîçâîëÿåò èñïîëüçîâàòü ìàòåðèàë äëÿ ëèòüÿ òîíêîñòåííûõ êðóïíîãàáàðèòíûõ äåòàëåé.  êà÷åñòâå êðåï¸æíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ ïëàñòèêîâûå ðåìíè (JSS-ñòÿæêà ÷åðíàÿ, àòìîñôåðîñòîéêàÿ; ïðîèçâîäèòåëü Sormat, Ôèíëÿíäèÿ), ïîçâîëÿþùèå íàä¸æíî óäåðæèâàòü ÏÇÓ íà îïîðå â ëþáûõ êëèìàòè÷å- ñêèõ óñëîâèÿõ (â òîì ÷èñëå ïðè ìàêñèìàëüíîé âåòðîâîé íàãðóçêå è îáëåäåíåíèè ïðîâîäîâ). Ñòÿæêè èçãîòîâ- ëåíû èç ïîëèàìèäà – 66 (íåéëîíà), ìàòåðèàëà ïðî÷íîãî, óïðóãîãî è óñòîé÷èâîãî ê õèìè÷åñêèì è òåìïåðà- òóðíûì âîçäåéñòâèÿì. BPD developed in is an updating modification of plastic insulating hoods applied widely in different countries. It is attached directly to the insulator and save birds from short-circuit. New BPD is universal for all upright insulators applied in Russia on PL 10 kV. ABS-plastic (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) combines high rigidity and resistance to different outdoor im- pacts (low temperature, weak acids, solutions of alkalis, salts, alcohol, water and others) and has good insulat- ing properties. It allows using this material for the molding of thin-walled large-sized details. Plastic belts are applied as fixing elements. Couplers are made of polyamide – 66 (nylon) – strong, elastic and steady against chemical and temperature influences materia. Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 67

Êàíþê (ââåðõó) è “ECONIOKR” in Ulyanovsk has developed ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila new generation of effective devices made nipalensis) (âíèçó), ïî- ãèáøèå íà ËÝÏ. of light dielectric materials. As a result de- Ôîòî À. Ñàëòûêîâà. sign of new bird protective device (BPD) Common Buzzard made of ABS-plastic (fig. 1) after neces- (upper) and Steppe sary laboratory and field tests, was recom- Eagle (Aquila mended by the Russian Federal Service on nipalensis) (bottom) Environmental, Technological and Atom died by electrocution. Photos by A. Saltykov. Control of the Ulyanovsk district for appli- cation on PL 10 kV. The Joint-Stock Company “ECONIOKR” since 2009 has started to produce BPD for PL 6–10 kV, adequating not only to require- ments of the ecological legislation, but also special specifications on electricians. Members of the Simbirskoe branch of the Russian Bird Protection Union spend the action to protect birds from electrocution. The data of surveys of ornithologists about mass deaths of birds caused by electrocu- tion in the Ulyanovsk district are regular- ly sent to the Nature Protection Office of Public Prosecutor and state bodies of the ñòüþ èñêëþ÷àëî âîçìîæíîñòü äîïóñêà ÏÇÓ environmental control, which force owners ê ðàçìåùåíèþ íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ. of PL hazardous to birds to equip electric ×ëåíû Ñèìáèðñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿ Ñîþçà poles with BPD. So, they have been suc- îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè ïðè ïîääåðæêå ðó- cessful in four legal processes against the êîâîäñòâà ÑÎÏÐ (Ìîñêâà) ïðîâîäÿò àêòèâ- Joint-Stock Company “Inter-Regional Dis- íóþ êîìïàíèþ â çàùèòó ïòèö îò ïîðàæåíèÿ tributive Network Company of Volga” in ýëåêòðîòîêîì íà ËÝÏ. Ñîáðàííûå îðíèòî- 2008–2009. ëîãàìè ïîëåâûå ìàòåðèàëû î ìàññîâîé ãè- With the purpose of wider applying of áåëè ïòèö â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè ðåãóëÿðíî BPD “ECONIOKR” with the Simbirskoe íàïðàâëÿþòñÿ â Óëüÿíîâñêóþ ïðèðîäîîõ- branch of RBSU has created a web-site13 ðàííóþ ïðîêóðàòóðó è îðãàíû ýêîëîãè÷å- where everybody can find data on bird ñêîãî êîíòðîëÿ, êîòîðûå, â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, deaths caused by electrocution, on BPD ïîíóæäàþò âëàäåëüöåâ ËÝÏ-óáèéö âûïîë- and contact information for cooperation íÿòü ïòèöåçàùèòíûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ. Òàê, â with experts on protection of birds from 2008–2009 ãã. áûëî âûèãðàíî ÷åòûðå ñó- electrocution. äåáíûõ ïðîöåññà â îòíîøåíèè ÌÐÑÊ Âîë- ãè. Íà î÷åðåäè äðóãèå âëàäåëüöû ÂË 10 ê (íåôòåäîáûâàþùèå è äð. îðãàíèçàöèè). Ñ öåëüþ áîëåå øèðîêîãî âíåäðåíèÿ ñâî- åãî ïòèöåçàùèòíîãî óñòðîéñòâà è ñîäåé- ñòâèÿ ðåøåíèþ ïðîáëåìû «Ïòèöû è ËÝÏ» â Ðîññèè ÎÎÎ «Ýêî-ÍÈÎÊл ïðè ó÷àñòèè Ñèìáèðñêîãî îòäåëåíèÿ ÑÎÏÐ îòêðû- ëî ñâîé ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûé Èíòåðíåò- ðåñóðñ13, ãäå ìîæíî íàéòè ðàçíîîáðàçíûå ñâåäåíèÿ ïî äàííîé òåìå è êîíòàêòíûå äàííûå äëÿ îðãàíèçàöèè ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâà ñî ñïåöèàëèñòàìè ïî çàùèòå ïòèö íà ËÝÏ.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Ñàëòûêîâ À.Â. Ðóêîâîäñòâî ïî ïðåäîòâðàùå- íèþ ãèáåëè ïòèö íà ëèíèÿõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è 6–10 êÂ. Ìåòîäè÷åñêîå ïîñîáèå. Óëüÿíîâñê. 1999. 43 ñ.

Ìîíòàæ ÏÇÓ íà ËÝÏ 6–10 êÂ. Ôîòî À. Ñàëòûêîâà.

13 http://www.birdprotect.ru BPD installing on PL 6–10 kV. Photo by A. Saltykov. 68 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

RaptorResearch ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРНАТЫХ ХИЩНИКОВ

AboutGeographicVariancesoftheSakerFalcon К ВОПРОСУ О ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТИ БАЛОБАНОВ PfefferR.(Greifvogelzoo"BayerischerJagdfalkenhof",Schillingsfürst,Germany) Пфеффер Р. (Зоопарк хищных птиц «Баварский соколиный двор», Шиллингсфюрст, Германия)

Contact: Àáñòðàêò Ralf Pfeffer  ñòàòüå îáñóæäàþòñÿ âîïðîñû ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîé èçìåí÷èâîñòè áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) è åãî ïîäâèäîâîé ñè- Otto-Stumpf-Weg 14, ñòåìàòèêè. Íà îñíîâàíèè ëèòåðàòóðíûõ äàííûõ è ïîëåâûõ íàáëþäåíèé àâòîðà îáñóæäàåòñÿ âûäåëåíèå âîñüìè 69181 Leimen ïîäâèäîâ â àðåàëå áàëîáàíà: îáûêíîâåííûé áàëîáàí (F. ch. cherrug), àíàòîëèéñêèé áàëîáàí (F. ch. anatolicus Germany ssp. nov.), ÷èíêîâûé èëè àðàëîêàñïèéñêèé áàëîáàí (F. ch. aralocaspius), òóðêåñòàíñêèé áàëîáàí (F. ch. coatsi), tel.: +4 962 24 926 630 öåíòðàëüíîàçèàòñêèé áàëîáàí (F. ch. milvipes), ìîíãîëüñêèé áàëîáàí (F. ch. progressus), àëòàéñêèé áàëîáàí [email protected] (F. ch. altaicus) è òèáåòñêèé áàëîáàí (F. ch. hendersoni). Àíàòîëèéñêèé áàëîáàí ðàíåå íå áûë îïèñàí. Ñèáèðñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ (F. ch. saceroides), ðàíåå îïèñàííûõ êàê ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûé ïîäâèä, ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ ðàññìàòðèâàòü êàê ãèáðèäíóþ ïîïóëÿöèþ F. ch. cherrug x F. ch. milvipes. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: õèùíûå ïòèöû, ñîêîëû, áàëîáàí, Falco cherrug, ïîäâèäû, ãåîãðàôèÿ, ñèñòåìàòèêà.

Abstract Questions of geographical variation of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) and its systematics of subspecies are discussed. According with published data and author’s surveys 8 subspecies of the Saker Falcon have been dis- tinguished: Common Saker (F. ch. cherrug), Anatolian Saker (F. ch. anatolicus ssp. nov.), Chink or Aralocaspian Saker (F. ch. aralocaspius), Turkestanian Saker (F. ch. coatsi), Centralasian Saker (F. ch. milvipes), Mongolian Saker (F. ch. progressus), Altai Saker (F. ch. altaicus) and Tibetan Saker (F. ch. hendersoni). The Anatolian Saker was not described earlier. Siberian Sakers (F. ch. saceroides) earlier recognized as a subspecies have been offered to declare as a hybrid population of F. ch. cherrug x F. ch. milvipes. Keywords: birds of prey, falcons, Saker Falcon, Falco cherrug, subspecies, geography, systematics.

Ââåäåíèå With the implementation of new methods  ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû, â ñâÿçè ñ øèðîêèì in the field of DNA-analysis, the discussion âíåäðåíèåì ìåòîäîâ àíàëèçà ÄÍÊ äëÿ on specific independence and geographic ïðîÿñíåíèÿ íåêîòîðûõ âîïðîñîâ ñèñòåìà- variability of Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug) òèêè, âíîâü îæèâèëàñü äèñêóññèÿ î âèäî- became livelier again with regard to sys- âîé ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîñòè è ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîé tematics. The data which have been won èçìåí÷èâîñòè áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug). through these methods seem to show that Ïîëó÷åííûå ýòèìè ìåòîäàìè äàííûå êàê Gyrfalcons (F. rusticolus), Saker Falcons, áóäòî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î òîì, ÷òî ðàçëè÷èÿ Lanner Falcons (F. biarmicus) and Laggar ìåæäó êðå÷åòàìè (F. rusticolus), áàëîáàíà- Falcons (F. jugger) do not differ more from ìè, ëàííåðàìè (F. biarmicus) è ëàããàðàìè each other than the different subspecies of (F. jugger) íå áîëüøå, ÷åì ìåæäó ðàçëè÷- Peregrine Falcons, and thus allow suppos- íûìè ïîäâèäàìè ñàïñàíîâ (F. peregrinus), ing recent hybridization between species of ïîçâîëÿþò ïðåäïîëîæèòü ðåöåíòíóþ the Hierofalco complex. Furthermore, in the genetic structure of the Saker Falcon, 2–3 different groups can be distinguished, but not geographically located (Nittinger, 2004; Nittinger et al., 2007; Wink et al., 2007). In the present study, the attempt is made to compare the cited theories with data which I have gained through many years of observation of Saker Falcons with traditional methods – in nature and in captivity.

Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Photo by I. Karyakin. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 69

ãèáðèäèçàöèþ ìåæäó âèäàìè êîìïëåê- Most researchers agree on the view that ñà Hierofalco, à â ãåíåòè÷åñêîé ñòðóêòóðå the species within the Hierofalco complex áàëîáàíîâ âûäåëÿþò 2–3 ëèíèè, êîòîðûå, are closely related to each other. All of these îäíàêî, ãåîãðàôè÷åñêè íå ëîêàëèçîâàíû species give fertile offspring when hybridiz- (Nittinger 2004; Nittinger et al., 2007; Wink ing with each other in captivity. However, et al., 2007).  íàñòîÿùåé ñòàòüå ïðåäïðè- each of them has its specific morphological íÿòà ïîïûòêà ñîïîñòàâëåíèÿ ïåðå÷èñëåí- features, occupies a certain ecological niche íûõ âîççðåíèé ñ äàííûìè, ïîëó÷åííûìè in nature and does not hybridize anywhere, àâòîðîì â õîäå ìíîãîëåòíèõ íàáëþäåíèé not even in contact zones or in places with çà áàëîáàíàìè òðàäèöèîííûìè ìåòîäàìè, partially overlapping distribution. There are êàê â ïîëåâûõ óñëîâèÿõ, òàê è â íåâîëå. no reliable facts on hybridization between these falcons in natural conditions in contact Îáñóæäåíèå zones of their natural distributions. Øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííîå ïðåäñòàâëå- Interpreting the geographical variation íèå áîëüøèíñòâà ñïåöèàëèñòîâ î òîì, ÷òî of Saker Falcons, different specialists dis- ãðóïïà âèäîâ Hierofalco îáðàçóåò ìîíîëèò- tinguished two to six subspecies. Most íûé êîìïëåêñ, íà ìîé âçãëÿä, ñîâåðøåííî convincing seems to be the division of the îáîñíîâàííî. È âñ¸-òàêè, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, Saker Falcons into two subspecies (Vaurie, ÷òî âñå ýòè âèäû â óñëîâèÿõ íåâîëè ãè- 1965), although it obviously does not re- áðèäèçèðóþòñÿ ìåæäó ñîáîé è äàþò ïëî- flect the whole variety of their geographical äîâèòîå ïîòîìñòâî, êàæäûé èç íèõ èìååò forms. In fact, if a subspecies is regarded as ñîâåðøåííî ñïåöèôè÷åñêèå ìîðôîëî- a step in evolution towards the formation of ãè÷åñêèå îñîáåííîñòè, ïîçâîëÿþùèå èõ a new species, one may hardly find a better îäíîçíà÷íî îïðåäåëÿòü, â ïðèðîäå îíè çà- example than the Western and the Eastern íèìàþò ñâîþ îñîáåííóþ ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþ Saker Falcons. íèøó è íèãäå, äàæå â ìåñòàõ ñîïðèêîñíî- The plumage of young Western Saker Fal- âåíèÿ èëè ÷àñòè÷íîãî íàëîæåíèÿ àðåàëîâ, cons hardly differs from those of the adults, íå îáðàçóþò ïåðåõîäíûõ ôîðì. Ìîæíî they are migrating birds, build their nests ïðîñòî ïîðàæàòüñÿ, íàñêîëüêî íàä¸æíî mainly on trees, and their preferred prey are ôóíêöèîíèðóåò ìåæäó íèìè ðåïðîäóê- different species of sousliks (Spermophilus òèâíàÿ èçîëÿöèÿ! Íàñêîëüêî ìíå èçâåñòíî, sp.). In the plumage of adult Eastern Saker äîñòîâåðíûõ ôàêòîâ ãèáðèäèçàöèè ýòèõ Falcons are horizontal markings which dis- ñîêîëîâ â ïðèðîäíûõ óñëîâèÿõ â ìåñòàõ tinguish them strongly from the young, they êîíòàêòà èõ åñòåñòâåííûõ àðåàëîâ íå óñòà- mainly lead a sedentary way of life (only the íîâëåíî. Íå ñîìíåâàþñü, ÷òî, äàæå åñëè young birds migrate to the wintering areas òàêèå ôàêòû ïîÿâÿòñÿ, íàïðèìåð – îáðà- in their first year; this is the case for the ma- çîâàíèå ñìåøàííûõ ïàð áàëîáàíîâ ñ êðå- jority of the populations), nest on rocks, in ÷åòàìè â áîëîòèñòûõ ðàâíèíàõ Çàïàäíîé slopes, occasionally on the ground. Their Ñèáèðè â äîëèíå ð. Èðòûø, ãäå îáà âèäà food consists of small and medium-sized ïîñåëÿþòñÿ â èäåíòè÷íûõ áèîòîïàõ è ïî mammals which are available virtually all ñâåæèì äàííûì èçâåñòíûå ãí¸çäà îáîèõ year (different species of gerbils Meriones âèäîâ ðàçäåëÿþò íå áîëåå 300 êì (Ñîðî- & Rhombomys sp., pikas Ochotona sp. and êèí, 2009, Ìîøêèí, 2009), – îíè îñòàíóò- voles Microtus & Lasiopodomys sp.). ñÿ åäèíè÷íûìè ýïèçîäàìè è íå ïðèâåäóò ê The division of the Saker Falcons into two ðàçìûâàíèþ ãðàíèö ìåæäó âèäàìè. Òàêæå, groups is seemingly confirmed by the anal- êàê ýòî íå èìååò ïîñëåäñòâèé, íàïðèìåð, yses of their DNA (Nittinger, 2004). How- ó âîäîïëàâàþùèõ ïòèö, ñëó÷àè ãèáðèäèçà- ever, I have difficulties in agreeing with the öèè ó êîòîðûõ â ïðèðîäå øèðîêî èçâåñò- author on the conclusion that they are lo- íû è, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, íåêîòîðûå èç ýòèõ cated geographically. She wrongly assumes ãèáðèäîâ âïîëíå ïëîäîâèòû. that the distribution ranges of the Western Ïîÿâèâøèåñÿ â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû â ðàáî- and the Eastern Saker Falcons border on òàõ, îñíîâàííûõ íà ìîëåêóëÿðíûõ ìåòîäàõ each other along a line from North to South èññëåäîâàíèé, óòâåðæäåíèÿ î ãåíåòè÷å- in the region of Altai. Actually, the Western ñêîé áëèçîñòè ñàïñàíîâ ê ñîêîëàì ãðóïïû Saker Falcons inhabit a strip of land which Hierofalco, ïîä÷åðêèâàþùèåñÿ äàæå ñïå- mainly consists of forest steppe and steppe, öèàëüíûì òåðìèíîì «ñåñòðèíñêàÿ ãðóïïà», and stretches out from Austria in the West êàê ìíå êàæåòñÿ, íå ïîäòâåðæäàþòñÿ íè to Eastern Mongolia in the East. In contrast, ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèìè, íè áèîëîãè÷åñêèìè the Eastern Saker Falcons inhabit mainly èëè ýòîëîãè÷åñêèìè ïðèçíàêàìè. Áîëåå mountainous and semi-desert areas from 70 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Anatolia in the West to the mountains of the Great Chingan in Eastern China in the East. On the longitudinal axis, the distribu- tions of these birds match in 80° or nearly 9000 km. As F. Nittinger provides the areas where the samples were collected in the Appen- dix 9.2 of her study, I tried to compare them with the results of DNA analyses of these birds that are shown in Appendix 9.12, on the basis of the real distribution of Western and Eastern Saker Falcons. In about 85% of the cases the results met the expec- tations. Thus, the method of DNA analysis as a promising instrument in the research of subspecies structure was rehabilitated for me, whereas the results of F. Nittinger’s re- search have given me new ideas. The fact that Saker Falcons are divided Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå òîãî, ìíîãèå ýëåìåíòû òîêîâîãî ïîâåäå- into two groups whose central haplotypes ñîêîëîâ ãðóïïû âèäîâ íèÿ ñàïñàíîâ (ïîçû, àêóñòè÷åñêèå ñèãíàëû) are separated by six mutational steps shows Hierofalco. èìåþò íåñîìíåííîå ñõîäñòâî ñ ïîâåäåíè- that the process of differentiation has gone Distribution of the Hiero- åì ìåëêèõ ñîêîëîâ (ïóñòåëüã F. tinnuncu- very far already. Interestingly, the central falco species. lus, F. naumanni, êîá÷èêîâ F. vespertinus, haplotype of the Eastern Saker Falcons, F. amurensis, äåðáíèêîâ F. columbarius è which the Western Saker Falcons do not ÷åãëîêîâ F. subbuteo) è, íàïðîòèâ, çàìåòíî have, is shared by the Barbary Falcon. It is îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò ñóùåñòâåííî óïðîù¸ííîãî impossible to explain this phenomenon by áðà÷íîãî ðèòóàëà êðå÷åòîâ, áàëîáàíîâ, recent hybridization between Barbary Fal- ëàííåðîâ è ëàããàðîâ. Ƹëòàÿ îêðàñêà ëàï è cons and Eastern Saker Falcons. Somewhat âîñêîâèöû ìîëîäûõ ñàïñàíîâ òàêàÿ æå, êàê more probable seems to me the formation ó âñåõ ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ ãðóïï ìåëêèõ ñîêî- of mixed pairs during the postglacial shift ëîâ è îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò ñåðîâàòî-ñèíåé ó ïòèö in the distribution borders of these species. ãðóïïû Hierofalco. Ñèëóýò è äâèæåíèÿ ëå- However, more plausible seems the idea òÿùèõ ñàïñàíîâ, òàêæå êàê îñîáåííîñòè èõ that the haplotype shared by Eastern Saker îõîòíè÷üåãî ïîâåäåíèÿ, ñêîðåå ïîçâîëÿþò Falcons and Barbary Falcons was obtained óçíàòü â íèõ ïåðåðîñòêîâ-÷åãëîêîâ, ÷åì much earlier from a mutual ancestor. It was ÿêîáû áëèçêèõ ðîäñòâåííèêîâ áàëîáàíîâ, “lost” by a group of Saker Falcons which lat- ñ êîòîðûìè èõ ñáëèæàþò ðàçâå ÷òî ðàçìå- er became those birds that nowadays con- ðû. Ëþáîïûòíî, ÷òî â áîëåå ðàííèõ ïóáëè- stitute the Western subspecies. êàöèÿõ ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ôèëîãåíèè ñîêîëîâ I suppose that the key moment which íà îñíîâå äàííûõ î ðÿäàõ ìèòîõîíäðèàëü- initiated the separation of the Saker Falcons íûõ öèòîõðîì- ãåíîâ (Seibold et al., 1993; into Western and Eastern subspecies was Wink, 1994) ãîðàçäî áîëüøå ñîîòâåòñòâî- the shift made by a part of them to nest- âàëè ìîèì ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿì, ïîëó÷åííûì â ing on trees. This shift allowed the future ðåçóëüòàòå ïîëåâûõ íàáëþäåíèé. Western Saker Falcons to advance to plains, Ïðè âñ¸ì ðàçíîîáðàçèè ðàñöâåòêè è ðè- steppes and forest steppes which formerly ñóíêà îïåðåíèÿ áàëîáàíîâ, íåêîòîðûå âà- were not accessible because of the lack of ðèàíòû êîòîðûõ èìåþò áîëüøå ñõîäñòâà ñ rocks necessary for breeding. Being very îïåðåíèåì êðå÷åòîâ, ñàïñàíîâ, ëàííåðîâ, attractive in spring and summer due to a ëàããàðîâ è äàæå øàõèíîâ (F. pelegrinoides), large quantity of prey, these habitats prove ÷åì ìåæäó ñîáîé, âñåõ îñîáåé ýòîãî âèäà to be not very suitable for Saker Falcons dur- îáúåäèíÿåò öåëûé ðÿä ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèõ ing the rest of the year (sousliks hibernate, ïðèçíàêîâ (ðàçìåðû, ñèëóýò, äåòàëè ïðî- most bird species migrate to the South, the ïîðöèé êîíå÷íîñòåé), íå ãîâîðÿ î õàðàê- thick snow-covering makes various species òåðå ïîë¸òà, îñîáåííîñòÿõ îõîòíè÷üåãî of mouse-like rodents inaccessible). ïîâåäåíèÿ, èõ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîé è áèîòî- The appropriation of new territories is ïè÷åñêîé ëîêàëèçàöèè. only possible by giving up the sedentary Îöåíèâàÿ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêóþ èçìåí÷è- way of life. The necessity of regular migra- âîñòü áàëîáàíîâ, ðàçíûå ñïåöèàëèñòû âû- tions during which the birds had to cross Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 71

äåëÿëè îò äâóõ äî øåñòè ïîäâèäîâ (Vaurie, individual territories of sedentary Saker Fal- 1965, Êîçëîâà, 1975; Äåìåíòüåâ, 1951; cons or even stay there for longer periods, Ñòåïàíÿí, 1975 è äð.). Ïðè ýòîì çà÷à- led, in my opinion, to the changes in the ñòóþ îäíèìè è òåìè æå íàèìåíîâàíèÿ- plumage marks – it obtained the features ìè íàäåëÿëè ñîâåðøåííî ðàçíûõ ïòèö, of a young bird’s plumage. The advantages ìåñòà îáèòàíèé êîòîðûõ èíîãäà ðàçäå- of such mimicry are obvious. Saker Falcons ëÿþò òûñÿ÷è êèëîìåòðîâ. È äàæå åñëè uncompromisingly defend their territories ïîä îïðåäåë¸ííûìè íàçâàíèÿìè ïîäâè- from the intrusion of their adult fellows, but, äîâ ïîäðàçóìåâàëèñü ïòèöû, îáëàäàþùèå on the other hand, they show an astonish- ñõîäíûìè âíåøíèìè ïðèçíàêàìè, ãðàíè- ing tolerance towards young falcons. Possi- öû èõ àðåàëîâ ïðîâîäèëèñü â ñîâåðøåííî ble evidence for the loss of horizontal marks ðàçíûõ ìåñòàõ.  öåëîì âñå ýòè ðàçëè÷èÿ by the adult Western Saker Falcons could îáúÿñíÿþòñÿ òðåìÿ ïðè÷èíàìè – ðàçíèöåé be provided by the regular appearance of â òîëêîâàíèè ñàìîãî ïîíÿòèÿ ïîäâèä, ñòå- individuals in different parts of the distribu- ïåíüþ èçó÷åííîñòè áàëîáàíîâ íà ìîìåíò tion of the subspecies which carry the typi- ïîïûòêè èõ ñèñòåìàòèçàöèè òåì èëè èíûì cal marks of the Eastern subspecies (Glutz àâòîðîì, ëèáî, íàêîíåö, îøèáî÷íîñòüþ et al., 1971), and which seem to be of an èíòåðïðåòàöèè èìåþùåãîñÿ ìàòåðèàëà. atavistic nature. Íàèìåíüøèå âîçðàæåíèÿ âûçûâàåò äå- Interestingly, in contact zones of Eastern ëåíèå áàëîáàíîâ íà äâà ïîäâèäà (Vaurie, and Western Saker Falcons in the Betpak- 1965), õîòÿ è î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî îíî íå îòðà- dala region where the distance between æàåò âñåãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêè neighbouring nests occupied by different ëîêàëèçîâàííûõ ôîðì. Äåéñòâèòåëüíî, subspecies is sometimes not larger than a åñëè ðàññìàòðèâàòü ïîäâèä êàê øàã â ýâî- few kilometres, they do virtually not mix. ëþöèè ê îáðàçîâàíèþ íîâûõ âèäîâ, òðóä- Eastern Saker Falcons usually form pairs in íî íàéòè ëó÷øèé ïðèìåð, ÷åì çàïàäíûå è autumn, stay together during the whole âîñòî÷íûå áàëîáàíû. Êàê áóäåò ïîêàçàíî winter in the breeding territory and start lay- íèæå, íàçâàíèÿ «çàïàäíûé» è «âîñòî÷íûé» ing eggs in March. The Western Saker Fal- êðàéíå íåóäà÷íû è íå òîëüêî íå îòðàæàþò cons return from their wintering areas when ðåàëüíîñòè, íî è ìîãóò ïðèâîäèòü ê îøè- the Eastern are already sitting on their eggs. áî÷íûì âûâîäàì. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ÿ, ñëåäóÿ In a short time span they occupy the terri- òðàäèöèè, áóäó ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ èìè â äàëü- tory, perform their courtship and start laying íåéøåì. Êðàòêî õàðàêòåðèçóÿ îñíîâíûå eggs approximately a month later than the âíåøíèå è áèîëîãè÷åñêèå ÷åðòû ýòèõ äâóõ Eastern Saker Falcons. In other words, the ïîäâèäîâ, ìîæíî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ó çàïàäíûõ falcons of these subspecies behave like two

Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ðàçíûõ ïîäâèäîâ áàëîáàíà ïî Ã.Ï. Äåìåíòüåâó (1951): À – ãíåçäîâîé àðåàë, B – îáëàñòü çèìîâîê, 1 – Falco cherrug danubialis, 2 – F. ch. cherrug, 3 – F. ch. saceroides, 4 – F. ch. coatsi, 5 – F. ch. mil- vipes, 6 – F. ch. hendersoni. Distribution different subspecies of the Saker Falcon (Dementiev, 1951): À – breeding range, B – wintering range, 1 – Falco cherrug danubialis, 2 – F. ch. cherrug, 3 – F. ch. saceroides, 4 – F. ch. coatsi, 5 – F. ch. milvipes, 6 – F. ch. hendersoni. 72 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Íåéðîííàÿ áàëîáàíîâ þíîøåñêèé è îêîí÷àòåëüíûé, different species within this contact zone. ñåòü ãàïëîòèïîâ âçðîñëûé íàðÿä, îäåâàåìûé ïîñëå ïåðâîé However, some facts provide evidence ìèòîõîíäðèàëüíîé that farther to the North, possibly already in ÄÍÊ ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ëèíüêè, åäâà îòëè÷àþòñÿ, îíè ÿâëÿþòñÿ èññëåäîâàíèé ïåðåë¸òíûìè ïòèöàìè, ãí¸çäà óñòðàèâàþò the Tarbagatay region, as well as in the Altai Ô. Íèòòèíãåð (2004). ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà äåðåâüÿõ, îñíîâíîé region, Southern Siberia and Northern Mon- Âåëè÷èíà óçëà äîáû÷åé èì ñëóæàò ðàçíûå âèäû ñóñëèêîâ golia, where the climatic conditions narrow ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíà the breeding periods of Eastern and West- êîëè÷åñòâó îáðàçöîâ. (Spermophilus sp.), âïàäàþùèõ â çèìíþþ ñïÿ÷êó.  íàðÿäå âçðîñëûõ âîñòî÷íûõ áà- ern subspecies, formation of mixed pairs Neural network of mi- tochondrial haplotypes ëîáàíîâ ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåçêî îòëè÷àþùèé takes place. The offspring of such mixed (Nittinger, 2004). The èõ îò ìîëîäûõ ïîïåðå÷íûé ðèñóíîê, îíè pairs have transitional features with great size of unit is propor- âåäóò ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî îñ¸äëûé îáðàç variation. The transitional character of fea- tional to the number of æèçíè (ëèøü ìîëîäûå ïòèöû â ïåðâûé ãîä tures shows not only in terms of outward samples. æèçíè â áîëüøèíñòâå ïîïóëÿöèé óëåòàþò appearance, but also in the way these ani- íà çèìîâêó), ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà ñêàëàõ è îáðû- mals lead their lives. âàõ, èçðåäêà íà çåìëå, îñíîâó èõ ïèòàíèÿ It was precisely this type of birds – I ñîñòàâëÿþò ìåëêèå è ñðåäíèõ ðàçìåðîâ would call them “Siberian Saker Falcons” ìëåêîïèòàþùèå, íå âïàäàþùèå â çèìíþþ (as an independent subspecies such falcons ñïÿ÷êó è äîñòóïíûå ïðàêòè÷åñêè êðóãëûé were described as F. ch. saceroides Âiànñhi, ãîä (ðàçíûå âèäû ïåñ÷àíîê Meriones è 1907) – which prevailed among the falcons Rhombomys sp., ïèùóõ Ochotona sp. è ïî- that came to the wintering areas in South- ë¸âîê Microtus è Lasiopodomys sp.). ern and Eastern Kazakhstan. They strikingly Äåëåíèå áàëîáàíîâ íà äâå ãðóïïû êàê differed from the regional, sedentary East- áóäòî ïîäòâåðæäàåòñÿ è èññëåäîâàíèÿìè ern Saker Falcons through the lack of bluish èõ ÄÍÊ (Nittinger, 2004). Ïðàâäà, òðóäíî shades in the colouring of their plumage and ñîãëàñèòüñÿ ñ àâòîðîì â òîì, ÷òî ýòè äâå less distinctive horizontal markings (fig. 1). Si- ëèíèè íå èìåþò ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîé ïðèâÿç- berian Saker Falcons often hunted pigeons êè. Àíàëèçèðóÿ çàâèñèìîñòü ðåçóëüòàòîâ and doves in residential estates. Out of àíàëèçà ÄÍÊ îò ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîé ëîêàëè- nearly 50 birds whose hunting behaviour I Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 73

çàöèè ìåñò âçÿòèÿ ïðîá, îíà èñõîäèò èç observed, only six lived together as pairs. I ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ î òîì, ÷òî àðåàëû çàïàäíûõ see the transitional character in the biology è âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ ãðàíè÷àò ìåæäó of Siberian Saker Falcons in the fact that dur- ñîáîé âäîëü ëèíèè, ïðîòÿíóâøåéñÿ ñ ñåâå- ing their migration they cover much smaller ðà íà þã ãäå-òî â ðàéîíå Àëòàÿ. Íà ñàìîì distances than the Western Saker Falcons. äåëå çàïàäíûå áàëîáàíû îáèòàþò ïîëî- Further, some of them, similar to Eastern ñîé, îõâàòûâàþùåé ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ëå- Saker Falcons, managed to form pairs in ñîñòåïíûå è ñòåïíûå ðàéîíû îò Àâñòðèè autumn before they migrate to their winter- íà çàïàäå äî Âîñòî÷íîé Ìîíãîëèè íà âîñ- ing areas. And finally, some individuals are òîêå, à âîñòî÷íûå áàëîáàíû – ïðåèìóùå- able to build their nests on trees (I. Karyakin, ñòâåííî ãîðíûå è ïîëóïóñòûííûå ðàéîíû pers. com.). îò Àíàòîëèè íà çàïàäå äî Áîëüøîãî Õèíãà- Some authors divide the Saker Falcons íà â Âîñòî÷íîì Êèòàå – íà âîñòîêå. Èíûìè into three subspecies. For instance, E. Ko- ñëîâàìè, ïåðåêðûòèå àðåàëîâ ýòèõ ïòèö â zlova (1975) assumes that birds with a more äîëãîòíîì íàïðàâëåíèè ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî “primitive” marking, when the plumage 80° èëè ïî÷òè 9000 êèëîìåòðîâ. Ïîñêîëü- of the adult individuals hardly differs from êó â ðàáîòå Ô. Íèòòèíãåð (2004) â ïðèëî- those of the young, predominantly inhabit æåíèè 9.2 óêàçàíû ñ áîëüøåé èëè ìåíüøåé the Western parts of the distribution of the òî÷íîñòüþ ìåñòà âçÿòèÿ ïðîá, ìíîãèå èç species. The author concludes that it is pre- êîòîðûõ ìíå èçâåñòíû, ÿ ïîïðîáîâàë ñî- cisely in this area, somewhere in the moun- ïîñòàâèòü èõ ñ ðåçóëüòàòàìè èññëåäîâàíèÿ tains of Eastern Europe, where the roots of ÄÍÊ ýòèõ ïòèö, èçëîæåííûõ â ïðèëîæå- the Saker Falcons are to be found. Further íèè 9.12, èñõîäÿ èç ðåàëüíîãî ðàññåëåíèÿ east, the markings of the Sakers’ plumage çàïàäíûõ è âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ. Ïðè- become more complex. At the same time, ìåðíî â 85% ñëó÷àåâ ýòè ðåçóëüòàòû ñî- the age-induced dimorphism increases. Ac- âïàëè ñ îæèäàåìûìè. Íå ñîìíåâàþñü, ÷òî cording to E. Kozlova, the most “advanced” äîëÿ ñîâïàäåíèé áûëà áû íàìíîãî âûøå, Saker Falcons inhabit Mongolia, Nanshan, åñëè áû ìåñòà âçÿòèÿ ïðîá áûëè áû óêà- Eastern Tibet and Western China, and con- çàíû òî÷íåå è ïðèáëèæàëàñü áû ê 100%, stitute the second subspecies. All of the åñëè áû áûëî èçâåñòíî, èìåëà ëè ïòèöà (â other Saker Falcons that show transitional ñëó÷àå, åñëè ïðîáà áûëà âçÿòà ó ïòåíöîâ, features between these two subspecies and òî èõ ðîäèòåëè) ïîïåðå÷íûé ðèñóíîê èëè inhabit Central Siberia, Altai, Eastern Kaza- íåò. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìåòîä àíàëèçà ÄÍÊ, khstan and Central Asia, constitute the third êàê ìíîãîîáåùàþùèé èíñòðóìåíò èññëå- subspecies. äîâàíèÿ ïîäâèäîâîé ñòðóêòóðû, áûë äëÿ If assuming a division into three subspe- ìåíÿ ðåàáèëèòèðîâàí, à ðåçóëüòàòû èñ- cies, it would seem more logical to classify ñëåäîâàíèé Ô. Íèòòèíãåð íàòîëêíóëè íà only the birds from Tibet as the second sub- íîâûå èäåè. species. Their plumage shows a fundamen- Âûÿâëåíèå â ðåçóëüòàòå àíàëèçà ìèòî- tal difference from all of the other Eastern õîíäðèàëüíîé ÄÍÊ òîãî ôàêòà, ÷òî áà- Saker Falcons in several features. Conse- ëîáàíû äåëÿòñÿ íà äâå áîëüøèå ãðóïïû, quently, except for the populations listed öåíòðàëüíûå ãàïëîòèïû êîòîðûõ ðàçäå- above, the populations from Mongolia and ëÿåò øåñòü ìóòàöèîííûõ øàãîâ, ïîêàçûâà- Western China should also be counted as åò, ÷òî ïðîöåññ äèôôåðåíöèàöèè çàø¸ë belonging to the third subspecies. óæå î÷åíü äàëåêî. Ëþáîïûòíî, ÷òî öåí- On the basis of DNA analysis, M. Wink òðàëüíûé ãàïëîòèï âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ, (2007) also differentiates between at least îòñóòñòâóþùèé ó çàïàäíûõ, èìåþò è êðå- three genetic lines of evolution. P. Pfander ÷åòû. Îáúÿñíèòü ýòîò ôåíîìåí ðåöåíò- (2007) proposes to divide the Saker Falcons íîé ãèáðèäèçàöèåé êðå÷åòîâ ñ âîñòî÷íû- into three subspecies: the Common (West- ìè áàëîáàíàìè íåâîçìîæíî. Íå ãîâîðÿ ern), the Tibetan and the Turkestanian. The î òîì, ÷òî òàêèå ôàêòû íåèçâåñòíû, à â rest of the magnificent territory from East- ñèëó ðÿäà áèîëîãè÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé ern China to Asia Minor is, in his opinion, ýòèõ äâóõ âèäîâ äàæå â ìåñòàõ ïåðèîäè- inhabited by birds that cannot be related to ÷åñêèõ êîíòàêòîâ â çèìíåå âðåìÿ (Àëòàé, any subspecies and which are a product of Ñàÿíû) êðàéíå ìàëîâåðîÿòíû. È â îñòàëü- hybridization between the three forms iden- íûõ ðàéîíàõ îáèòàíèÿ âîñòî÷íûõ áàëî- tified by him. With this, he completely ig- áàíîâ (Òèáåò, Ñðåäíÿÿ Àçèÿ, Èðàí è ò.ä.) nores the fact that in this particular territory ðåöåíòíàÿ ãèáðèäèçàöèÿ äàæå òåîðåòè÷å- several geographically located forms may ñêè íåâîçìîæíà. Ãîðàçäî áîëåå âåðîÿòíû be found which have specific features that 74 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

êîíòàêòû, à ñ íèìè è âîçìîæ- are as distinctive as those of the Turkesta- íîñòü îáðàçîâàíèÿ ñìåøàí- nian Saker Falcons, for example. íûõ ïàð, âîçíèêøàÿ â õîäå The division of one or another species into ïîñòãëÿöèàëüíûõ ñìåùåíèé subspecies is inevitably subjective. Possibly, ãðàíèö àðåàëîâ ýòèõ âèäîâ those researchers are right who differenti- ïðèìåðíî 10 òûñ. ëåò òîìó ate the Western Saker Falcons in Danube íàçàä, êàê ýòî ïðåäïîëàãàåò and Volga subspecies (Dementiev, 1951, Ï. Ïôàíäåð (1994), îáúÿñíÿÿ recognized two subspecies of Western Sak- ïðîèñõîæäåíèå àëòàéñêèõ ers – F. ch. danubialis Êlåinsñhmidt, 1939, ñîêîëîâ. Îäíàêî âîçíèêàåò and F. ch. cherrug Grày, 1833–34, that were ðÿä âîïðîñîâ: (1) ïî÷åìó, â joined by Stepanyan, 1975, in one subspe- ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, ó êðå÷åòîâ â cies F. ch. cherrug). In the large distribution ðåçóëüòàòå ãèáðèäèçàöèè íå range of the Western Saker Falcons, one ñîõðàíèëèñü âèäîñïåöèôè- could probably even find another one or ÷åñêèå ãàïëîòèïû áàëîáàíîâ two geographically located and easily iden- è (2) êàê óõèòðèëèñü èçáå- tifiable forms. æàòü ãèáðèäèçàöèè ñ êðå÷å- Due to poor knowledge of the discussed òàìè çàïàäíûå áàëîáàíû, form, the Common Saker Falcon is the only ïîïóëÿöèè êîòîðûõ â öåëîì subspecies for me, which does not obtain ðàñïîëîæåíû ñåâåðíåå, ÷åì horizontal markings on the plumage as an Ñë¸òîê áàëîáàíà. ïîïóëÿöèè âîñòî÷íûõ, è ìîæíî áûëî áû adult, predominantly inhabits steppes and Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî îíè ïåðâûìè â ñâî¸ì forest steppes in Eurasia, specializes on Juvenile of the Saker ïðîäâèæåíèè íà ñåâåð, âñëåä çà îòñòó- feeding itself with different species of sou- Falcon. ïàþùèì ëåäîâûì ïàíöèðåì, èìåëè øàíñ sliks, prefers nesting on trees to nesting on Photo by I. Karyakin. âñòðåòèòüñÿ ñ êðå÷åòàìè? rocks, and regularly undertakes seasonal Áîëåå âåðîÿòíûì êàæåòñÿ, ÷òî ãàïëîòèï, migrations. Figure 2 shows such a falcon èìåþùèéñÿ êàê ó âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ, òàê from Naurzum. è ó êðå÷åòîâ, äîñòàëñÿ èì ãîðàçäî ðàíüøå It was established long since that for the îò îáùåãî ïðåäêà. È áûë «ïîòåðÿí», ïî- Eastern Saker Falcons on the whole the âèäèìîìó, èçíà÷àëüíî íåáîëüøîé ãðóïïîé age-induced dimorphism in colouring and áàëîáàíîâ, äàâøèõ âïîñëåäñòâèè ïòèö, îò- marking increases in West-East direction. It íîñèìûõ ñåãîäíÿ ê çàïàäíîìó ïîäâèäó. ß expresses itself in the increasing degree of ïðåäïîëàãàþ, ÷òî êëþ÷åâûì ñîáûòèåì, development of the horizontal marking and ïîâëåêøèì ðàñùåïëåíèå áàëîáàíîâ íà çà- the bluish shade of the plumage of adult ïàäíûõ è âîñòî÷íûõ, ïîñëóæèë ïåðåõîä birds. ÷àñòè èç íèõ íà ãíåçäîâàíèå íà äåðåâüÿõ. Along with the idea that in the original Ýòî, â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, ïîçâîëèëî áóäóùèì birth place of a species the birds have the çàïàäíûì áàëîáàíàì ïðîíèêíóòü â ðàâ- most primitive, ancient type of plumage íèííûå ñòåïíûå è ëåñîñòåïíûå ðàéîíû, which in the course of migration obtains ðàíåå íåäîñòóïíûå èç-çà îòñóòñòâèÿ ñêàë, more progressive features (Stegman even íåîáõîäèìûõ äëÿ óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä. Î÷åíü called the Mongolian subspecies of Saker ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûå âåñíîé è ëåòîì èç-çà Falcons “progressus”), there is also a theory îáèëèÿ äîáû÷è, â îñíîâíîì ðàçíûõ âèäîâ that the horizontal marking functions as an ñóñëèêîâ, ñòåïíûå è ëåñîñòåïíûå ðàéîíû indicator. The degree of its development â îñòàëüíîå âðåìÿ ãîäà ìàëîïðèãîäíû äëÿ depends on how sedentarily the falcons live îáèòàíèÿ áàëîáàíîâ (ñóñëèêè â ñïÿ÷êå, (Baumgart, 1980). áîëüøèíñòâî âèäîâ ïòèö óëåòåëè íà þã, âû- Concerning the first point of view I have ñîêèé ñíåæíûé ïîêðîâ äåëàåò íåäîñòóï- difficulties in imagining a species which íûìè ðàçíûå âèäû ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, originates in regions that are least suitable îñòàþùèõñÿ àêòèâíûìè è çèìîé). for living. To the contrary, I suppose that Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îñâîåíèå ñòîëü áëàãî- the origin of the Saker Falcons lies in the ïðèÿòíûõ â ïåðèîä ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íîâûõ not very high, semi-desert-like mountains ðàéîíîâ îêàçàëîñü âîçìîæíûì ëèøü ñ îò- of Central and East Asia. There, they have êàçîì îò îñ¸äëîñòè. Íåîáõîäèìîñòü ñî- numerous prey animals that are available âåðøåíèÿ ðåãóëÿðíûõ ïåðåë¸òîâ, êîãäà throughout the year, as well as ideal condi- ïòèöàì â èõ äâèæåíèè ê ìåñòàì çèìîâîê tions for hunting and breeding. ïðèõîäèëîñü ïåðåñåêàòü èíäèâèäóàëüíûå The conclusions of W. Baumgart do not òåððèòîðèè îáèòàþùèõ þæíåå îñ¸äëûõ convince me either. Following his logics, áàëîáàíîâ èëè äàæå îñòàâàòüñÿ â èõ ïðåäå- one would not look for Saker Falcons with Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 75

ëàõ íà äëèòåëüíûé ñðîê, ïîâëåêëà, íà ìîé a strongly developed horizontal marking in âçãëÿä, èçìåíåíèå â ðèñóíêå èõ îïåðåíèÿ Tibet or in Mongolia , but in the South of – îíî ïðèîáðåëî ÷åðòû þíîøåñêîãî íà- Central Asia where both adult and young ðÿäà. Ïðåèìóùåñòâà ïîäîáíîé ìèìèêðèè birds are sedentary. I do not doubt that spe- î÷åâèäíû. Áóäó÷è èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî òåð- cialities in colouring and marking of Saker ðèòîðèàëüíûìè ïòèöàìè, áàëîáàíû áåñ- Falcons have adaptive character. They are êîìïðîìèññíî çàùèùàþò ñâîè ó÷àñòêè îò possibly connected with the characteristics âòîðæåíèé ñâîèõ âçðîñëûõ ñîïëåìåííè- of the environment. For instance, it is not êîâ, íî ïðîÿâëÿþò ïðè ýòîì óäèâèòåëüíóþ mere coincidence that Turkestanian Saker òåðïèìîñòü â îòíîøåíèè ìîëîäûõ ñîêîëîâ Falcons, Lanner Falcons and Barbary Falcons â ïåðâîì ãîäîâîì íàðÿäå. ßðêèé ïðèìåð inhabiting virtually equal habitats and lead- òàêîé òåðïèìîñòè ìíå ïðèøëîñü íàáëþäàòü ing similar ways of life show a striking and â 2006 ã. âî âðåìÿ èíòðîäóêöèè ìîëîäûõ definitely convergent similarity of appear- áàëîáàíîâ â ïðèðîäó â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà ïî ance. âîññòàíîâëåíèþ ýòîãî âèäà â Êàçàõñòàíå. The adult Turkestanian Saker Falcon (F. ch. Äëÿ âûïóñêà áûëî ïîäîáðàíî óùåëüå, íà- coatsi Dåmåntiåv, 1945) differs from other õîäÿùååñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ ó÷àñòêà, êîíòðîëè- subspecies in its bright colouring (fig. 3): ðóåìîãî ñòàðûì ñàìöîì, êîòîðûé ìíîãî the crown is brightly rust-coloured, the up- ëåò íå ìîã íàéòè ïàðòí¸ðøó. Ñäåëàíî ýòî perparts which is covered with sufficiently áûëî â íàäåæäå, ÷òî åìó «ïðèãëÿíåòñÿ» pronounced although not very contrasting îäíà èç ìîëîäûõ ñàìîê, ÷òî, êñòàòè, â èòî- horizontal markings has a strong greyish- ãå è ïðîèçîøëî. Òàê âîò, õîòÿ âíåçàïíîå bluish shade, and the feathers of breast and ïîÿâëåíèå è äëèòåëüíîå ïðåáûâàíèå áî- belly show a perceptible cream-coloured ëåå 30 ìîëîäûõ ñîêîëîâ â ïðåäåëàõ îõðà- shade. íÿåìîé òåððèòîðèè îêàçàëîñü äëÿ ñòàðîãî The distribution range of Turkestanian ñàìöà èñòî÷íèêîì ïîñòîÿííîãî ñòðåññà, Saker Falcons covers large sand deserts of îí íå ïðåäïðèíÿë íè îäíîé ñåðüåçíîé ïî- Central Asia, running from the North-East to ïûòêè ê èõ èçãíàíèþ. the South-West along the ridge of the Kara- Ëþáîïûòíî, ÷òî äëÿ ìîëîäûõ áàëîáàíîâ tau, the foothills of the Western Tien-Shan, þíîøåñêèé íàðÿä âàæåí äëÿ îáåñïå÷åíèÿ the Pamiro-Alay, Kopetdag, Balchan and in ïèùåé íå òîëüêî òåì, ÷òî èì ïîçâîëÿåòñÿ part to the West of the Elbrus. Their nests îõîòèòüñÿ íà ÷óæèõ çàíÿòûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ, are located in niches of high rocks. In South íî îí è ñïîñîáñòâóåò óñïåøíîìó êëåïòîïà- Uzbekistan, they lay their eggs as early as ðàçèòèçìó. Íåêîòîðûå ìîëîäûå áàëîáàíû the beginning of February (Mitropolskyi et íà çèìîâêå íåîòñòóïíî ñëåäóþò çà êàêîé- al., 1987). The adults, and in the Southern íèáóäü âçðîñëîé ïòèöåé è ðåãóëÿðíî îò- part of the territory also the young birds, íèìàþò ó íå¸ äîáû÷ó, íå âñòðå÷àÿ îñîáî- are sedentary. It has been observed that the ãî ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ. Ïî ìîèì íàáëþäåíèÿì portion of birds in the diet is higher than (85 ñëó÷àåâ êëåïòîïàðàçèòèçìà), ìîëîäûå with other subspecies of Saker Falcons (De- ñîêîëû ïðåäïðèíèìàþò ïîïûòêè çàâëàäåòü mentiev, 1951). ÷óæîé äîáû÷åé ïî÷òè â 8 ðàç ÷àùå, ÷åì âçðîñëûå ïòèöû. Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî çàìåòíî ìå- íåå âûðàæåííûé, ÷åì ó ñàìöîâ, ïîïåðå÷- íûé ðèñóíîê â íàðÿäå ñàìîê âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ, òî åñòü, åãî áîëüøàÿ «èíôàí- òèëüíîñòü», òàêæå ïðèçâàí îñëàáèòü àãðåñ- ñèâíîñòü ñàìöîâ â ïåðèîä îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïàð (ó îñ¸äëûõ âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ ñàì- öû ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîñòîÿííûìè äåðæàòåëÿìè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, áîëüøèíñòâî æå ñàìîê ìåíåå òåððèòîðèàëüíû è òîëüêî íà ïåðè- îä ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ïðèâÿçûâàþòñÿ ê îäíîé èç òåððèòîðèé, êîíòðîëèðóåìûõ ïàðòí¸- ðîì). Âñå ýòè ïðèìåðû ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î ïðåèìóùåñòâàõ, êîòîðûå â ïåðèîä ìèãðà- öèé äà¸ò þíîøåñêèé èëè ïîõîæèé íà íåãî íàðÿä áàëîáàíîâ. À îäíèì èç âîçìîæíûõ Ñàìêà áàëîáàíà. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ñâèäåòåëüñòâ òîãî, ÷òî óòðàòà ïîïåðå÷íî- Female of the Saker Falcon. Photo by I. Karyakin. 76 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ãî ðèñóíêà âçðîñëûìè çàïàäíûìè áàëî- The falcons inhabiting the Ustyurt Plateau áàíàìè äåéñòâèòåëüíî ìîãëà èìåòü ìåñòî, and Mangyshlak are usually regarded as ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü ðåãóëÿðíîå ïîÿâëåíèå â related to the same subspecies. However, ñàìûõ ðàçíûõ ÷àñòÿõ àðåàëà ýòîãî ïîäâèäà the colouring of these small-sized falcons îñîáåé ñ òèïè÷íûì ðèñóíêîì âîñòî÷íîãî strongly differs from the colouring of Turke- ïîäâèäà (Glutz et al, 1971), íîñÿùåå, ïî- stanian Saker Falcons: the crown is dirty- âèäèìîìó, àòàâèñòè÷åñêèé õàðàêòåð. white, the moustache is hardly perceptible, Ìíå ïîñ÷àñòëèâèëîñü ñîáðàòü ñâåäåíèÿ the upperparts have the colour of light clay ïî íåêîòîðûì ÷åðòàì áèîëîãèè çàïàäíûõ and the horizontal markings are weakly de- è âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ â ìåñòàõ ñîïðè- veloped (only on tertails, rump, uppertail êîñíîâåíèÿ èõ àðåàëîâ íà þãî-âîñòîêå coverts and tail). One of the most striking ïóñòûíè Áåòïàêäàëà, ãäå îáà ïîäâèäà ãíåç- characteristics of these Saker Falcons is their äÿòñÿ íà ñêàëàõ. Ñàìûì íåîæèäàííûì ðå- affection for high chalk and sand cliff-faces. çóëüòàòîì áûëî óñòàíîâëåíèå ôàêòà, ÷òî Taking up the idea of the Russian painter äàæå â ìåñòàõ êîíòàêòà, ãäå ðàññòîÿíèå V. Gorbatov, I named these birds “Chink ìåæäó ñîñåäíèìè ãí¸çäàìè, çàíÿòûìè ïà- Saker Falcons”. Chink is the regional name ðàìè ðàçíûõ ïîäâèäîâ, èíîãäà íå ïðåâû- for cliff-faces. Earlier the subspecies was de- øàëî íåñêîëüêèõ êèëîìåòðîâ, îíè ïðàê- scribed as Aralocaspian Saker Falcon (F. ch. òè÷åñêè íå ñìåøèâàëèñü. Ñîïîñòàâëåíèå aralocaspius Êlåinsñhmidt, 1939). A good íåêîòîðûõ ÷åðò ãíåçäîâîé áèîëîãèè, êàê image of what these Chink Saker Falcons ìíå êàæåòñÿ, ïîçâîëÿåò îáúÿñíèòü ýòîò look like, as well as the chinks where they ôåíîìåí. Âîñòî÷íûå áàëîáàíû îáðàçó- usually nest, can be seen on the picture by þò ïàðû, êàê ïðàâèëî, îñåíüþ, âî âðåìÿ V. Gorbatov (fig. 4). îñåííåãî òîêà, âñþ çèìó îñòàþòñÿ âìåñòå Within the borders of the distribution of íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå è ê îòêëàäêå ÿèö the Chink Saker Falcons, which is restricted ïðèñòóïàþò ðàííåé âåñíîé, â íà÷àëå ìàð- by the coast of the Caspian Sea in the West òà, à èíîãäà óæå è â ôåâðàëå. Çàïàäíûå and covers the desert plains of the Turgay áàëîáàíû âîçâðàùàþòñÿ ñ çèìîâîê, êîãäà Plateau approximately to the region of the âîñòî÷íûå óæå ñèäÿò íà êëàäêàõ, çàòåì â Sarysu river in the East, as well as the West- êðàò÷àéøèå ñðîêè çàíèìàþò òåððèòîðèþ, ern regions of the sand deserts Kyzylkum òîêóþò, îáðàçóþò ïàðû è ïðèñòóïàþò ê and Karakum, the falcons always tend to îòêëàäêå ÿèö ïðèìåðíî íà ìåñÿö ïîçæå, build their nests in niches of cliff-faces. Only ÷åì âîñòî÷íûå. Äðóãèìè ñëîâàìè, ñîêîëû in rare cases do they settle on rocks of small ýòèõ ïîäâèäîâ âåäóò ñåáÿ â çîíå êîíòàêòà desert mountains, in past years also on the êàê äâà ðàçíûõ «õîðîøèõ» âèäà. Êîíå÷íî, electric poles (Karyakin et al., 2005). Adult ìîæíî ïðåäñòàâèòü ñåáå ñèòóàöèþ, êîãäà Chink Saker Falcons are sedentary; their â ðåçóëüòàòå ïîòåðè îäíîãî èç ïàðòí¸ðîâ breeding period starts early, and in their diet ó âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ íà ðàííåì ýòà- different species of gerbils are prevalent. ïå ãíåçäîâîãî öèêëà åãî ìîã áû çàìåíèòü In Western direction, the Eastern Saker ñîêîë äðóãîãî ïîäâèäà. Îäíàêî, ñóäÿ ïî Falcons from Asia Minor migrate farther òîìó, ÷òî â ìåñòàõ íàáëþäåíèé ìíîþ íå than the other Saker Falcons. I have seen áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ïòèö, íàðÿä êîòîðûõ three birds in breeding stations that once èìåë áû îäíîçíà÷íî ïåðåõîäíûé õàðàê- had been taken out of nests in the region of òåð, ïðîèñõîäèò ýòî ðåäêî. Âìåñòå ñ òåì, the city Konya , and also, in the collection íåêîòîðûå ôàêòû ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î òîì, of Moscow University, a sample of an adult ÷òî äàëüøå íà ñåâåðå, âîçìîæíî óæå â bird acquired near Erzerum. Òàðáàãàòàå, à òàêæå íà Àëòàå, â Þæíîé With their large size and also the peculi- Ñèáèðè, ïî ñåâåðó Ìîíãîëèè, ãäå êëèìà- arities of colouring and marking (fig. 5), the òè÷åñêèå óñëîâèÿ ñáëèæàþò ñðîêè ðàç- Anatolian Saker Falcons (F. ch. anatolicus) ìíîæåíèÿ âîñòî÷íûõ è çàïàäíûõ ïîäâè- (as I decided to call them) showed most äîâ, îáðàçîâàíèå ñìåøàííûõ ïàð â ìåñòàõ similarities to some birds from Central Asia êîíòàêòà èìååò ìåñòî. Íå èñêëþ÷åíî, ÷òî which live nearly 4000 km farther East. In ïîäîáíîå, õîòü è ðåæå, ìîæåò ïðîèñ- contrast, the closest neighbours – the Turke- õîäèòü è â äðóãèõ ìåñòàõ, íàïðèìåð, íà stanian, Chink and Common Saker Falcons çàïàäå Êàçàõñòàíà. Ïîòîìñòâî òàêèõ ñìå- – have little in common with the Anatolian øàííûõ ïàð èìååò ïåðåõîäíûå ïðèçíàêè, Saker Falcon. Clearly, details of the distribu- âàðüèðóþùèå, î÷åâèäíî â çàâèñèìîñòè îò tion range, variation of colouring and bio- ïðåîáëàäàíèÿ äîëè êðîâè âîñòî÷íûõ èëè logical characteristics have to become the çàïàäíûõ áàëîáàíîâ, â î÷åíü øèðîêèõ subject of future research. However, from Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 77

Ðèñ. 1. Ñèáèðñêèå áàëîáàíû (Falco cherrug saceroides) íà çèìîâêå â Àëìàòå. Êàçàõñòàí. Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 1. Siberian Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug saceroides) wintering in Almata. Kazakhstan. Picture by V. Gorbatov. 78 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 2. Îáûêíîâåííûé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug cherrug), àòàêóþùèé ñòðåïåòà (Tetrax tetrax) â Íàóðçóìñêîé êîâûëüíîé ñòåïè. Êàçàõñòàí. Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 2. Common Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug cherrug) catching Little Bustard (Tetrax tetrax) at the Naurzum feathergrass steppe. Kazakhstan. Picture by V. Gorbatov. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 79

Ðèñ. 3. Òóðêåñòàíñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug coatsi). Êóãèòàíã, Óçáåêèñòàí. Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 3. Turkestanian Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug coatsi). Kugitanf Mountains. Uzbekistan. Picture by V. Gorbatov. 80 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 4. ×èíêîâûé [àðàëîêàñïèéñêèé] áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug aralocaspius) íàä Òóçáàèðîì. Ïëàòî Óñòþðò, Êàçàõñòàí. Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 4. Chink [Aralocaspian] Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug aralocaspius) on the Tuzbair soil. Usturt plateau, Kazakhstan. Picture by V. Gorbatov. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 81

Ðèñ. 5. Àíàòîëèéñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug anatolicus ssp. nov.). Òóðöèÿ. Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 5. Anatolian Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug anatolicus ssp. nov.). Turkey. Picture by V. Gorbatov. 82 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 6. Öåíòðàëüíîàçèàòñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug milvipes). Ñåðåêòàñ, Êàçàõñòàí. Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 6. Centralasian Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug milvipes). Serektas, Kazakhstan. Picture by V. Gorbatov. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 83

Ðèñ. 7. Ìîíãîëüñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug progressus). Õàíãàé, Ìîíãîëèÿ. Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 7. Mongolian Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug progressus). Khangai Mountains, Mongolia. Picture by V. Gorbatov. 84 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 8. Òèáåòñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug hendersoni). Îçåðî Êóêóíîð, Êèòàé. Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 8. Tibetan Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug hendersoni). Kukunor Lake, China. Picture by V. Gorbatov. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 85

Ðèñ. 9. Àëòàéñêèå ñîêîëû (Falco cherrug altaicus). Ðèñóíîê Â. Ãîðáàòîâà. Fig. 9. Altai [Saker] Falcons (Falco cherrug altaicus). Picture by V. Gorbatov. 86 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

×èíêîâûé [àðàëîêàñïèéñêèé] áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug aralocaspius). Ïëàòî Óñòþðò, Êàçàõñòàí. 17.04.2004. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Chink [Aralocaspian] Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug aralocaspius). Usturt plateau, Kazakhstan. 17/04/2004. Photo by I. Karyakin.

Ìîíãîëüñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug progressus). Õåíòåé, Ìîíãîëèÿ. 03.05.2002. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Mongolian Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug progressus). Khentey, Mongolia. 03/05/2002. Photo by I. Karyakin.

Òèáåòñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug hendersoni). Òèáåò, Êèòàé. Ìàé 2004. Ôîòî Å. Ïîòàïîâà. Tibetan Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug hendersoni). Tibet, China. May 2004. Photo by E. Potapov. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 87

ïðåäåëàõ. Ñóäÿ ïî âñåìó, ïåðåõîäíûé õà- what we know about them today, it is un- ðàêòåð ïðèçíàêîâ ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ íå òîëüêî doubtedly justified to classify them as inde- âî âíåøíîñòè, íî è â îñîáåííîñòÿõ îáðàçà pendent subspecies. æèçíè. Èìåííî òàêèå ïòèöû, ÿ áû íàçâàë The Centralasian Saker Falcons (F. ch. mil- èõ «ñèáèðñêèìè áàëîáàíàìè», ïðåîáëàäà- vipes Jårdîn, 1871) (fig. 6) inhabit the foot- ëè ñðåäè ñîêîëîâ, ïðèëåòàâøèõ íà çèìîâ- hills and the lower parts of mountain ridges êó íà þã è âîñòîê Êàçàõñòàíà (êàê ïîäâèä which restrict the area of Central Asia from ïîäîáíûå ñîêîëà áûëè îïèñàíû â êà÷åñòâå Kazakhstan and Siberia in the shape of a F. ch. saceroides Âiànñhi, 1907). Îíè çàìåò- strip, which extends from the South West íî îòëè÷àëèñü îò ìåñòíûõ îñ¸äëûõ âîñòî÷- to the North East through Tien-Shan, ex- íûõ áàëîáàíîâ îòñóòñòâèåì ñèçûõ òîíîâ â cluding its Western end, the Dshungarian îêðàñêå îïåðåíèÿ è ìåíåå âûðàæåííûì Alatau, Tarbagatay, Altai and the Sayan re- ïîïåðå÷íûì ðèñóíêîì (íà ðèñ. 1 èçîáðà- gion. They differ from the other subspecies æåíà ðåàëüíàÿ ïàðà, çèìîâàâøàÿ íåñêîëü- of Eastern Saker Falcons described above in êî ëåò â Àëìàòå). Ïåðâûå èç íèõ ïîÿâëÿ- their stronger developed horizontal mark- ëèñü óæå â îêòÿáðå, ïîñëåäíèå óëåòàëè â ings. The colouring of the crown has a rust- íà÷àëå ìàðòà.  îòëè÷èå îò ìåñòíûõ âîñ- coloured shade. The basic colour of the up- òî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ, êîòîðûå äàæå â ñàìûå perparts is a greyish brown. The colouring of ñóðîâûå çèìû ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå ïîêèäàëè the horizontal marking and the edge of the ñâîèõ ãíåçäîâûõ è îõîòíè÷üèõ ó÷àñòêîâ, feathers ranges from a pale sandy colour to ñèáèðñêèå ÷àñòî êîíöåíòðèðîâàëèñü áëèç a rusty ochre. The bluish shade is more pro- íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ, ãäå îõîòèëèñü íà äî- nounced in the male individuals and is most ìàøíèõ ãîëóáåé (Columba sp.) è ãîðëèö perceptible at the rump. Adult falcons are (Streptopelia sp.). Èç ïðèìåðíî ïîëóñîòíè sedentary, young ones migrate to the South òàêèõ ïòèö, çà îõîòíè÷üèì ïîâåäåíèåì êî- beyond the borders of the distribution of the òîðûõ ÿ íàáëþäàë íà ýëåâàòîðàõ è êîìáè- subspecies for over wintering. They build êîðìîâûõ çàâîäàõ, 6 áûëè îáúåäèíåíû â their nests exclusively on rocks of medium ïàðû, îñòàëüíûå áûëè îäèíî÷êàìè. Ëþáî- and even small height. Sometimes they also ïûòíî, ÷òî ó îäíîé èç ýòèõ ïàð, êîòîðàÿ â live on high mountain plateaus at a height íåèçìåííîì ñîñòàâå ïîÿâëÿëàñü íà Àëìà- of as much as 2,500 m. Among their prey òèíñêîì ýëåâàòîðå â òå÷åíèå, ïî ìåíüøåé animals prevail different species of gerbils ìåðå, 4-õ çèì, íå áûëî è íàì¸êà íà áðà÷- and, less often, sousliks. íîå ïîâåäåíèå. È ýòî íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî Most researchers regard the Mongolian êîãäà îíè ïðèëåòàëè îñåíüþ, ó ìåñòíûõ Saker Falcon (F. ch. progressus Stegmann, ïòèö âîâñþ áóøåâàëè ñòðàñòè îñåííåãî 1925) as related to the Centralasian Saker òîêà, à âåñíîé îíè óëåòàëè, êîãäà â ãí¸ç- Falcon mentioned above (for instance, äàõ ìåñòíûõ ïòèö óæå ïîÿâëÿëèñü ïåðâûå Stepanyan, 1975). Besides the light col- ÿéöà. Ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé õàðàêòåð â áèîëî- ouring and the large size, adult individuals ãèè ñèáèðñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ ÿ óñìàòðèâàþ â have a very pronounced horizontal marking òîì, ÷òî îíè, õîòÿ è ñîâåðøàþò ïåðåë¸òû, on the upperparts and a vivid light bluish íî íà ãîðàçäî ìåíüøåå ðàññòîÿíèå, ÷åì shade not only at the rump but also on the çàïàäíûå áàëîáàíû, â òîì, ÷òî íåêîòîðûå back and even the tail (fig. 7). Apart from èç íèõ, ïîäîáíî âîñòî÷íûì, óñïåâàëè South Transbaikalia and Eastern Mongolia, îñåíüþ, åù¸ äî îòë¸òà íà çèìîâêó, îáðà- the distribution range of these birds seems çîâàòü ïàðû è, íàêîíåö, â òîì, ÷òî íåêî- to extend in Eastern direction to the bor- òîðûå èç íèõ ñïîñîáíû ãíåçäèòüñÿ íà äå- ders of the distribution of the species at the ðåâüÿõ (È. Êàðÿêèí, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå). Great Chingan. They inhabit flat and slightly Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ýòè ïòèöû åäèíñòâåííûå hilly planes or small mountains with small ñðåäè áàëîáàíîâ, èìåþùèõ âî âçðîñëîì rock spurs. They usually build their nests in íàðÿäå ïîïåðå÷íûé ðèñóíîê, êîòîðûå niches of rocks but occasionally also on the ñîâåðøàþò ðåãóëÿðíûå ïåðåë¸òû (õîòü è ground. The Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys íà ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåáîëüøîå ðàññòîÿíèå, brandti) is the most important prey of these íî çà ïðåäåëû ãíåçäîâîãî àðåàëà) è èíî- falcons. Adult falcons are sedentary, the ãäà ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà äåðåâüÿõ. young ones migratory. Íåêîòîðûå àâòîðû äåëÿò áàëîáàíîâ íà The Tibetan Saker Falcon (F. ch. henderso- òðè ïîäâèäà. Ñ ïîäîáíîé òî÷êîé çðåíèÿ ni Íumå, 1871) (fig. 8) lives at elevation of òîæå ìîæíî ñîãëàñèòüñÿ, èíòåðåñíûì ñòà- 3,000–5,000 m. The colouring of the adult íîâèòñÿ ëèøü âîïðîñ, ãäå è â ñèëó êàêèõ bird reminds one primarily of the Common êðèòåðèåâ ïðîâîäèòñÿ ìåæäó íèìè ãðàíè- Kestrel. The horizontal markings are most 88 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ñîâðåìåííîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè ïîäâèäîâ áàëîáàíà (ïî Ð. Ïôåôôåð, È. Êàðÿêèí, Å. Ïîòàïîâ). Modern concept of Saker Falcon subspecies distribution (by R. Pfeffer, I. Karyakin, E. Potapov).

developed in the Tibetan Saker Falcon: at the back, its reddish rusty spots merge into the regular shape of stripes which reach up to the neck. At the flanks, trousers and un- dertail coverts, the blackish spots also form horizontal lines which remind one of the markings of Peregrine Falcons and some subspecies of the Gyrfalcon and the Lanner Falcon. Finally, in contrast to most subspe- cies of the Saker Falcon, the almost black and brownish black crown is not lighter than the back. Only in the outward appear- öà. Íàïðèìåð, Å. Êîçëîâà (1975) ïîëàãà- ance of Altai Falcons may some similarities åò, ÷òî ïòèöû ñ íàèáîëåå «ïðèìèòèâíûì» be found. Adult Tibetan Saker Falcons are ðèñóíêîì, ïðè êîòîðîì âçðîñëûé íàðÿä sedentary, young ones migratory. Their åäâà îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò þíîøåñêîãî, íàñåëÿþò breeding period starts fairly early, they build ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî çàïàäíûå ÷àñòè àðåàëà their nests on rocks; and in their diet supply âèäà. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, èìåííî òàì, ãäå-òî the dependence on one prey species, the â ãîðàõ Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû, ïèøåò àâòîð, Black-Lipped Pika (Ochotona curzoniae), is ñëåäóåò èñêàòü ðîäèíó áàëîáàíîâ. Äàëåå remarkable. íà âîñòîê ðèñóíîê îïåðåíèÿ áàëîáàíîâ Among the publications of the previous ïîñòåïåííî óñëîæíÿåòñÿ, ïðèíèìàÿ âñ¸ decades which dealt with the problematic of áîëåå «ïðîãðåññèâíûå» ÷åðòû, îäíîâðå- the Altai Falcons (Hierofalco altaicus Menz- ìåííî óñèëèâàåòñÿ è âîçðàñòíîé äèìîð- bier, 1891; syn.: Hierofàlco lorenzi Ìånzbiår, ôèçì. Ñàìûå «ïðîãðåññèâíûå» áàëîáàíû, 1900; Falco gyrfalco altaicils Ìånzbiår, ñîãëàñíî Å. Êîçëîâîé, íàñåëÿþò Ìîíãî- 1891) in one way or another, the articles ëèþ, Íàíüøàíü, Âîñòî÷íûé Òèáåò è Çàïàä- by P. Pfander (1994 and 1999) stand out al- íûé Êèòàé è îáðàçóþò âòîðîé ïîäâèä. Âñå ready because he describes the distinctive îñòàëüíûå áàëîáàíû, èìåþùèå ïðîìåæó- features of the appearance of these birds in òî÷íûå ìåæäó ýòèìè äâóìÿ ïîëþñàìè ïðè- detail and, moreover, correctly from the start. çíàêè, îáèòàþùèå â öåíòðàëüíîé Ñèáèðè, In the publications of earlier authors, who íà Àëòàå, íà âîñòîêå Êàçàõñòàíà è â Ñðåä- had a fairly concrete idea of the appearance íåé Àçèè, îáðàçóþò òðåòèé ïîäâèä. Íå of the Altai Falcon, their attempts to solve âäàâàÿñü â äèñêóññèþ î ìåñòå çàðîæäåíèÿ the riddles presented by these birds were áàëîáàíîâ è ïðèìèòèâíîñòè èëè ïðîãðåñ- impeded by the lack of material – in more re- ñèâíîñòè ðèñóíêà èõ íàðÿäà, ïîëàãàþ, ÷òî cent publications, however, researchers were åñëè èñõîäèòü èç äåëåíèÿ íà 3 ïîäâèäà, ëî- hindered by their incorrect assumptions as to ãè÷íåå áûëî áû êî âòîðîìó îòíåñòè òîëüêî the appearance of these birds. In my opin- ïòèö èç Òèáåòà, íàðÿä êîòîðûõ èìååò íå- ion, only this may explain that the majority ñêîëüêî ïðèíöèïèàëüíûõ îòëè÷èé îò âñåõ of contemporary researchers hold the posi- îñòàëüíûõ âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ. Òîãäà ê tion that the Altai Falcons are only a varia- òðåòüåìó ïîäâèäó, ïîìèìî ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ tion of the subspecies of the Saker Falcon, âûøå, äîëæíû áûëè áû îòîéòè ïîïóëÿöèè differing merely in colour. Figure 9 shows èç Ìîíãîëèè è Çàïàäíîãî Êèòàÿ. the typical Altai Falcon (F. ch. altaicus Menz-  ðåçóëüòàòå àíàëèçà ìèòîõîíäðèàëüíîé bier, 1891) of dark morph and an individual ÄÍÊ áàëîáàíîâ Ì. Âèíê (2007) òàêæå âû- of pale morph (such birds were once referred äåëÿåò ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå òðè ãåíåòè÷åñêèå to as Lorenz Falcons), on whose head the ëèíèè ðàçâèòèÿ, íî, î÷åâèäíî ïîâòîðÿÿ helmet-like marking is fully remained. The îøèáêó Ô. Íèòòèíãåð, òîæå óòâåðæäàåò, birds on the illustration both have a dark, ÷òî îíè ãåîãðàôè÷åñêè íå ëîêàëèçîâàíû. black-brown crown which is not lighter than Æàëü, ÷òî èç ñòàòüè íåëüçÿ óçíàòü, êàêèå the colouring of the back. Striking are also ìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðèçíàêè èëè îñîáåí- the undertail coverts that are lined with hori- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 89

íîñòè áèîëîãèè õàðàêòåðèçóþò ïòèö ýòèõ zontal marks. Apart from the Altai Falcons, òð¸õ ëèíèé. one can observe such a marking only among Î òîì, ÷òî äåëåíèå íà ïîäâèäû âñåãäà Tibetan Saker Falcons. Most often, one can â êàêîé-òî ìåðå ñóáúåêòèâíî, à îïðåäå- meet the Altai Falcons in the regions of Altai ëåíèå ãðàíèö èõ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ áîëåå and Sayan, but they also migrate as far North èëè ìåíåå ïðîèçâîëüíî, è, â îòëè÷èå îò as the Minussinsk depression and South to âèäîâ, ìåæäó ïðèçíàêàìè ïîäâèäîâ åñòü the central regions of Tien-Shan – that is to îáûêíîâåííî ïîëíàÿ øêàëà ïåðåõîäîâ, say, predominantly within the distribution ñïðàâåäëèâî ðàññóæäàåò â ñâîåé íàçèäà- of the Centralasian Saker Falcons. One veri- òåëüíîé ñòàòüå Ï. Ïôàíäåð (2007) è ïðåä- fied case of an encounter with a breeding ëàãàåò ðàçäåëèòü áàëîáàíîâ íà òðè ïîäâè- Altai Falcon was documented by P. Pfander äà – îáûêíîâåííûé (çàïàäíûé) áàëîáàí, (1994). It cannot be ruled out that the Altai òèáåòñêèé è òóðêåñòàíñêèé. Âñþ îñòàëü- Falcons are able to get into the distribution íóþ ãðàíäèîçíóþ òåððèòîðèþ îò âîñòîêà of Mongolian Saker Falcons. Among various Êèòàÿ äî Ìàëîé Àçèè íàñåëÿþò, íà åãî hypotheses on the origin of the Altai Falcons, âçãëÿä, ïòèöû, êîòîðûõ íåâîçìîæíî îòíå- the proposal of P. Pfander persuades through ñòè ê êàêîìó-ëèáî ïîäâèäó è ÿâëÿþùèåñÿ its logics. He assumes that at the end of the ïðîäóêòîì ãèáðèäèçàöèè âûäåëåííûõ èì last glacial period, an isolated population of òð¸õ ôîðì. Ïðè ýòîì àâòîð èãíîðèðó- Gyrfalcons could have remained on the high åò íàëè÷èå íà óêàçàííîé òåððèòîðèè íå- mountains of the Altai and was assimilated ñêîëüêèõ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêè ëîêàëèçîâàííûõ by populations of Saker Falcons migrating ôîðì, èìåþùèõ íå ìåíåå âûðàæåííûå north when the climate became warmer. ïðèçíàêè, ÷åì, íàïðèìåð, òóðêåñòàíñêèå The preservation of some individuals in this áàëîáàíû. region that show features of Gyrfalcons in Êàê óæå óïîìèíàëîñü, ðàçäåëåíèå òîãî terms of colouring and marking of the plum- èëè èíîãî âèäà íà ïîäâèäû íåèçáåæíî age, and possibly in some characteristics of ñóáúåêòèâíî. Íàðÿäó ñ ðàçëè÷èÿìè â îáú- their biology, provides evidence of former ¸ìå àíàëèçèðóåìîé èíôîðìàöèè, èìåþò hybridization of two closely related species. çíà÷åíèå êðèòåðèè, êîòîðûìè ðóêîâîä- ñòâóåòñÿ òîò èëè èíîé èññëåäîâàòåëü, âû- äåëÿÿ ïîäâèä, à òàêæå, ïîëàãàþ, èíäèâèäó- àëüíàÿ ñïîñîáíîñòü ê ðàçëè÷åíèþ äåòàëåé îêðàñêè, ðèñóíêà èëè ïðîïîðöèé èññëåäó- åìûõ îáúåêòîâ. Íàïðèìåð, ÿ ïëîõî çíàþ çàïàäíûõ áàëîáàíîâ, êîòîðûå ìíå çíàêî- ìû ëèøü ïî ýïèçîäè÷åñêèì íàáëþäåíèÿì â Áåòïàêäàëå íà þãî-âîñòîêå è â Íàóðçóìå íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäå Êàçàõñòàíà. Âîçìîæíî, ïðàâû òå èññëåäîâàòåëè, êîòîðûå äåëÿò èõ íà äóíàéñêèõ è âîëæñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ. Âîç- ìîæíî, íà îãðîìíîì ïðîòÿæåíèè àðåàëà çàïàäíûõ áàëîáàíîâ âïîëíå ìîæíî áûëî áû âûäåëèòü åù¸ îäíó èëè äâå ãåîãðàôè- ÷åñêè ïðèâÿçàííûå è õîðîøî óçíàâàå- ìûå ôîðìû (Ã.Ï. Äåìåíòüåâ, 1951, âûäå- ëÿë äâà ïîäâèäà çàïàäíûõ áàëîáàíîâ – F. ch. danubialis Êlåinsñhmidt, 1939 è F. ch. cherrug Grày, 1833–34, êîòîðûå ïîçæå áûëè ñëèòû Ë.Ñ. Ñòåïàíÿíîì, 1975, â îäèí ïîäâèä F. ch. cherrug). Íàïðèìåð, ìíå äî- âåëîñü õîðîøî ðàññìîòðåòü äâóõ ñàìîê ëîâ÷èõ ïòèö, âçÿòûõ èç ãíåçäà â Ñèáèðè áëèç Êðàñíîÿðñêà, êîòîðûå ðåçêî îòëè÷à- ëèñü îò çàïàäíûõ êàçàõñòàíñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ êîíòðàñòíîé ò¸ìíîé ðàñöâåòêîé ñ î÷åíü Îáûêíîâåííûå áàëîáàíû (Falco cherrug cherrug). Ôîòî c ñàéòà ïðîåêòà “Îõðàíà áàëîáàíà (Falco çàìåòíûì ñèçûì îòòåíêîì. Íî â ñèëó cherrug) â Êàðïàòàõ (LIFE06 NAT/HU/000096)”. ïëîõîãî çíàíèÿ îáñóæäàåìîé ôîðìû, Common Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug cherrug). äëÿ ìåíÿ îáûêíîâåííûé áàëîáàí (F. ch. Photos from “Conservation of Saker (Falco cherrug) cherrug) âñ¸ åù¸ îñòà¸òñÿ åäèíñòâåííûì in the Carpathian Basin (LIFE06 NAT/HU/000096)”. 90 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

However, this hypothesis has also some weak points. For instance, one could expect the Altai Falcons to have, apart from spe- cific peculiarities of colouring and marking, a transitional nature in terms of size and proportions. But in this regard they prove to be typical Saker Falcons. The DNA analy- sis of the Altai Falcons did not show any difference from the regional Saker Falcons, either (Wink et al., 2007). And finally, the obvious similarity of key features of the Al- tai Falcons to those of the Tibetan Falcons is completely ignored. In my opinion, the Altai and the Tibetan Saker Falcons are more archaic subspecies that possibly have preserved in their out- ward appearance many features of the mu- Îáûêíîâåííûé ïîäâèäîì, êîòîðûé âî âçðîñëîì íàðÿäå íå tual ancestor of the Saker Falcons and the áàëîáàí. ïîëó÷àåò ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðèñóíêà. Îí òàêæå Gyrfalcons. According to V. Moseikin (pers. Ôîòî Â. Ìîñåéêèíà. íàñåëÿåò ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ðàâíèííûå com.), this subspecies was remained in its Common Saker Falcon. ñòåïíûå è ëåñîñòåïíûå ðàéîíû Åâðàçèè, pure form on a very limited territory of the Photo by V. Moseykin. ñïåöèàëèçèðóåòñÿ íà ïèòàíèè ðàçíûìè âè- Russian Altai where it inhabits mountainous äàìè ñóñëèêîâ, óñòðàèâàåò ãí¸çäà ÷àùå íà taiga regions with a high humidity which are äåðåâüÿõ, ÷åì íà ñêàëàõ è ñîâåðøàåò ðåãó- not very attractive for “normal” Saker Fal- ëÿðíûå ñåçîííûå ìèãðàöèè. Íà ðèñóíêå 2 cons. With increasing distance from the core èçîáðàæ¸í òàêîé ñîêîë èç Íàóðçóìà. distribution of this subspecies, the zone of Ðàçëè÷èÿ â îáëèêå âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáà- hybridization of Saker Falcons with other sub- íîâ, ó êîòîðûõ â öåëîì ñ çàïàäà íà âîñòîê species shows not as much through gradual óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ âîçðàñòíîé äèìîðôèçì â decrease of the features of Altai Falcons, but îêðàñêå è ðèñóíêå, âûðàæàþùèéñÿ â íà- simply through the decline of the number of ðàñòàíèè ñòåïåíè âûðàæåííîñòè ïîïåðå÷- birds within the population which have the íîãî ðèñóíêà è ñèçîãî îòòåíêà â îïåðåíèè typical “Altai” appearance. Even in the sur- âçðîñëûõ ïòèö, äàâíî ïîäìå÷åíû, õîòÿ rounding of Issyk-Kul and Almaty, which îáúÿñíÿþòñÿ ðàçíûìè èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè ïî- are more than 1000 km away from the core ðàçíîìó. Íàðÿäó ñ ïðåäñòàâëåíèåì î òîì, of the subspecies, there are typical Altai Fal- ÷òî â ìåñòå çàðîæäåíèÿ âèäà ïòèöû èìåþò cons breeding. Far off points where one still ñàìûé ïðèìèòèâíûé, äðåâíèé íàðÿä, êî- can meet breeding Saker Falcons that have òîðûé ïî ìåðå ðàññåëåíèÿ ïðèíèìàåò âñ¸ preserved the outward appearance of Altai áîëåå ñîâðåìåííûå, ïðîãðåññèâíûå ÷åð- Falcons obviously mark out the borders of òû (Á. Øòåãìàí äàæå íàçâàë ìîíãîëüñêèé the former distribution of the subspecies. ïîäâèä áàëîáàíîâ «F. ch. progressus»), ñó- Summing up, one can identify following ùåñòâóåò ìíåíèå, ÷òî ïîïåðå÷íûé ðèñó- subspecies of the Saker Falcon: Common, íîê èìååò ñèãíàëüíóþ ôóíêöèþ è ñòåïåíü Tibetan, Altai (disappearing subspecies), åãî âûðàæåííîñòè çàâèñèò îò îñ¸äëîñòè Mongolian, Centralasian, Turkestanian, ñîêîëîâ (Baumgart, 1980). ×òî êàñàåòñÿ Chink and Anatolian. The differentiation of ïåðâîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ, òî ìíå òðóäíî ïðåä- Saker Falcons of Western and Eastern type ñòàâèòü, ÷òî çàðîæäåíèå âèäà ïðîèçîøëî has gone so far that they virtually do not â ðàéîíàõ, íàèìåíåå ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ åãî hybridize in most contact zones of their dis- ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ. Íàïðîòèâ, ðîäèíó áàëîáà- tribution. Where this happens, the hybridi- íîâ ÿ ñêîðåå ïðåäïîëîæèë áû â ïîëóïó- zation zone is comparatively narrow, and ñòûííûõ íåâûñîêèõ ãîðàõ Öåíòðàëüíîé è the birds within it show a great variety of Âîñòî÷íîé Àçèè, ãäå îíè èìåþò öåëûé ðÿä features, not only in terms of outward ap- êîðìîâûõ îáúåêòîâ, äîñòóïíûõ íà ïðîòÿ- pearance, but also with regard to the char- æåíèè âñåãî ãîäà, à òàêæå èäåàëüíûå óñëî- acteristics of their biology. For this reason I âèÿ äëÿ îõîòû è ãíåçäîâàíèÿ. Íå óáåæäàþò tend to treat these falcons – although I call è óìîçàêëþ÷åíèÿ Â. Áàóìãàðòà. Ñëåäóÿ åãî them “Siberian Saker Falcons” – not as a ëîãèêå, áàëîáàíîâ ñ íàèáîëåå âûðàæåí- special subspecies, but rather as a product íûì ïîïåðå÷íûì ðèñóíêîì ñëåäîâàëî of the hybridization of “almost-species” – áû èñêàòü íà þãå Ñðåäíåé Àçèè, ãäå êàê the Western and the Eastern Saker Falcons. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 91

âçðîñëûå, òàê è ìîëîäûå ïòèöû îñ¸äëû. Íà êîòîðûå ìíå óäàëîñü íàéòè, ðàñïîëàãàëèñü ñàìîì æå äåëå ïîäîáíûå ñîêîëû îáèòàþò â íèøàõ î÷åíü âûñîêèõ ñêàë. Ê ðàçìíî- íà Òèáåòå è â Âîñòî÷íîé Ìîíãîëèè. ß íå æåíèþ ïðèñòóïàåò ðàíî, â þæíîì Óçáå- ñîìíåâàþñü, ÷òî îñîáåííîñòè îêðàñêè è êèñòàíå êëàäêè ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ óæå â íà÷àëå ðèñóíêà áàëîáàíîâ èìåþò àäàïòèâíûé õà- ôåâðàëÿ (Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé è äð., 1987), à ðàêòåð, õîòÿ èñêàòü èì ïðîñòûå îáúÿñíå- ãíåçäî ïòåíöû ïîêèäàþò â ïåðâîé ïîëî- íèÿ – íåáëàãîäàðíîå äåëî.  ëþáîì ñëó÷àå âèíå ìàÿ. Âçðîñëûå è, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå îíè êàêèì-òî îáðàçîì ñâÿçàíû ñ õàðàêòå- â þæíîé ÷àñòè àðåàëà ïîäâèäà, ìîëîäûå ðèñòèêàìè ñðåäû îáèòàíèÿ. Íå ñëó÷àéíî, ïòèöû îñ¸äëû. Äîëÿ ïòèö â ïèòàíèè, ïî íå- íàïðèìåð, ÷òî îáèòàþùèå ïðàêòè÷åñêè â êîòîðûì íàáëþäåíèÿì, âûøå, ÷åì ó äðóãèõ îäèíàêîâûõ áèîòîïàõ è âåäóùèå ñõîäíûé ïîäâèäîâ áàëîáàíîâ (Äåìåíòüåâ, 1951). îáðàç æèçíè òóðêåñòàíñêèå áàëîáàíû, Ê ýòîìó æå ïîäâèäó îáû÷íî îòíîñÿò ëàííåðû è øàõèíû èìåþò ïîðàçèòåëüíîå è ñîêîëîâ, íàñåëÿþùèõ ïëàòî Óñòþðò è ñõîäñòâî âî âíåøíîñòè, èìåþùåå, íå- Ìàíãûøëàê.  êîëëåêöèè Èíñòèòóòà çîîëî- ñîìíåííî, êîíâåðãåíòíóþ ïðèðîäó. Ýòî ãèè â Àëìàòå õðàíèëîñü íåñêîëüêî òóøåê ñõîäñòâî íàñòîëüêî âåëèêî, ÷òî èíîãäà ìîëîäûõ è âçðîñëûõ ïòèö èç ýòîãî îòäà- ââîäèò â çàáëóæäåíèå äàæå ñïåöèàëèñòîâ. ë¸ííîãî è òðóäíîäîñòóïíîãî ðàéîíà. Ëèøü Òàê, â 1983 ã. Àëìàòèíñêèé çîîïàðê, ïîëó- õîðîøî óçíàâ òóðêåñòàíñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ, ÿ ÷èâøèé ëèöåíçèþ íà èçúÿòèå èç ïðèðîäû ïîíÿë, êàê ðàçèòåëüíî îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò íèõ äëÿ ñâîåé êîëëåêöèè øàõèíîâ, îáðàòèëñÿ ïòèöû ñ Óñòþðòà.  îêðàñêå ýòèõ ìåëêèõ çà ïîìîùüþ ê îäíîìó óçáåêñêîìó îðíèòî- ñîêîëîâ íå áûëî íè÷åãî îò ÿðêîñòè ðàñ- ëîãó, çàíèìàâøåìóñÿ èçó÷åíèåì êðóïíûõ öâåòêè òóðêåñòàíñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ: âìåñòî ñîêîëîâ è çíàâøåìó íåñêîëüêî ãí¸çä ýòèõ ÿðêî-ðûæåãî òåìåíè – ãðÿçíîâàòî-áåëîå, ðåäêèõ ïòèö. Òîò ñ ãîòîâíîñòüþ îòêëèêíóë- âìåñòî ÷¸ðíûõ äëèííûõ óñîâ – åäâà çàìåò- ñÿ íà ýòó ïðîñüáó è âñêîðå çîîïàðê äåé- íûå òåíè íà ùåêàõ, âìåñòî ñåðîâàòî-ñèçîé ñòâèòåëüíî ïîëó÷èë ïòèö, íî íå øàõèíîâ, à ñïèíû – ñâåòëî-ãëèíèñòûå òîíà, äà è ïîïå- ÷åòûð¸õ òóðêåñòàíñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ! Ñïóñòÿ ðå÷íûé ðèñóíîê åäâà íàìå÷àëñÿ òîëüêî â áîëåå 15 ëåò ÿ ïîêàçàë îäíîãî èç ïîòîì- å¸ íèæíåé ÷àñòè. ×òîáû ëó÷øå óçíàòü ýòèõ êîâ ýòèõ ïòèö ä-ðó Ã. Òðîììåðó, èçâåñòíî- ïòèö, ÿ îðãàíèçîâàë íåñêîëüêî ýêñïåäèöèé. ìó àâòîðó ìíîãèõ êíèã è ñòàòåé î õèùíûõ Êàê âûÿñíèëîñü, õàðàêòåðíåéøåé îñîáåí- ïòèöàõ è, îñîáåííî, êðóïíûõ ñîêîëàõ, íîñòüþ óñòþðòñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ áûëà áðî- êîòîðîãî òðóäíî çàïîäîçðèòü â èõ íåçíà- ñàþùàÿñÿ â ãëàçà ïðèâÿçàííîñòü ê âûñî- íèè. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî ïòèöó â âîëüåðå êèì ìåëîâûì è ïåñ÷àííèêîâûì îáðûâàì, ìîæíî áûëî îòëè÷íî ðàññìîòðåòü, ìíå òàê ïðîòÿíóâøèìñÿ íà Óñòþðòå è Ìàíãûøëàêå è íå óäàëîñü óáåäèòü Òðîììåðà â òîì, ÷òî ïðè÷óäëèâîé ñåòüþ íà òûñÿ÷è êèëîìåòðîâ îíà íå ëàííåð, à áàëîáàí. è ìàðêèðóþùèì áåðåãîâóþ ëèíèþ ïîñòå- Âçðîñëîãî òóðêåñòàíñêîãî áàëîáàíà ïåííî îòñòóïàâøåãî äðåâíåãî ìîðÿ. Ïî (F. ch. coatsi Dåmåntiåv, 1945), êàê óæå ïðåäëîæåíèþ ðîññèéñêîãî õóäîæíèêà è óêàçûâàëîñü, îò äðóãèõ ïîäâèäîâ îòëè÷à- åò ÿðêàÿ îêðàñêà (ðèñ. 3): òåìÿ âåí÷àåò ðûæåâàòàÿ øàïî÷êà, âåðõ, èñïåùð¸ííûé äîñòàòî÷íî âûðàæåííûì, õîòÿ è íå î÷åíü êîíòðàñòíûì ïîïåðå÷íûì ðèñóíêîì, èìå- åò ñèëüíûé ñåðîâàòî-ñèçûé îòòåíîê, íà ïåðüÿõ ãðóäè è áðþøêà çàìåòíûé êðåìî- âûé íàë¸ò, ïðîäîëüíûå ïåñòðèíû íà áîêàõ è øòàíàõ ëèøü èçðåäêà ïðèíèìàþò ïîïå- ðå÷íûé õàðàêòåð â ôîðìå ñåðäöåâèäíûõ êàïåëü. Îêðàñêà ìîëîäûõ òóðêåñòàíñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ äîâîëüíî êîíòðàñòíà è ñèëüíî íàïîìèíàåò îêðàñêó ìîëîäûõ ëàííåðîâ. Ðàçìåðû îòíîñèòåëüíî íåáîëüøèå. Îáëàñòü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ òóðêåñòàíñêèõ áàëîáà- íîâ îãðîìíîé ïîäêîâîé ñ ñåâåðî-âîñòîêà íà þãî-çàïàä ïî õðåáòó Êàðàòàó, ïðåäãî- ðüÿì Çàïàäíîãî Òÿíü-Øàíÿ, Ïàìèðî-Àëàÿ, ×èíêîâûé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug aralocaspius). Êîïåòäàãà, Áàëõàí è, ïî ìåíüøåé ìåðå, Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. âîñòîêà Ýëüáóðñà îõâàòûâàåò áîëüøèå ïåñ- Chink Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug aralocaspius). ÷àíûå ïóñòûíè Ñðåäíåé Àçèè. Âñå ãí¸çäà, Photo by I. Karyakin. 92 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ïîñòîÿííîãî ó÷àñòíèêà ýòèõ ãèå àâòîðû (Äåìåíòüåâ, 1936; Baumgart, ýêñïåäèöèé Â. Ãîðáàòîâà ìû 1980). Êîíå÷íî, äåòàëè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ, íàçâàëè ýòèõ ïòèö «÷èíêîâûìè âàðèàöèé â îêðàñêå è îñîáåííîñòåé áèî- áàëîáàíàìè» (÷èíê – ìåñòíîå ëîãèè ýòèõ áàëîáàíîâ äîëæíû ñòàòü ïðåä- íàçâàíèå îïèñàííûõ âûøå ìåòîì áóäóùèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, íî èç òîãî, îáðûâîâ). Ðàíåå ïîäâèä áûë ÷òî î íèõ èçâåñòíî íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü, îïèñàí êàê àðàëîêàñïèéñêèé íà ìîé âçãëÿä, ñïðàâåäëèâîñòü âûäåëåíèÿ áàëîáàí (F. ch. aralocaspius èõ â ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûé ïîäâèä íå âûçûâàåò Êlåinsñhmidt, 1939). Õîðî- ñîìíåíèé. øåå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î òîì, Öåíòðàëüíîàçèàòñêèå áàëîáàíû (F. ch. êàê âûãëÿäÿò ÷èíêîâûå áà- milvipes Jårdîn, 1871) (ðèñ. 6) íàñåëÿþò ëîáàíû, à òàêæå ÷èíêè, â ïðåäãîðüÿ è îòðîãè ìîùíûõ õðåáòîâ, îãðà- íèøàõ êîòîðûõ îíè îáû÷- íè÷èâàþùèõ Öåíòðàëüíóþ Àçèþ îò Êàçàõ- íî óñòðàèâàþò ñâîè ãí¸çäà, ñòàíà è Ñèáèðè ïîëîñîé, ïðîòÿíóâøåéñÿ ñ äà¸ò ðèñóíîê 4.  ïðåäåëàõ þãî-çàïàäà íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîê ÷åðåç Òÿíü- àðåàëà ÷èíêîâûõ áàëîáàíîâ, Øàíü, èñêëþ÷àÿ åãî çàïàäíóþ îêîíå÷- îãðàíè÷åííîãî íà çàïàäå ïî- íîñòü, Äæóíãàðñêèé Àëàòàó, Òàðáàãàòàé, áåðåæüåì Êàñïèéñêîãî ìîðÿ Àëòàé è Ñàÿíû. Îò äðóãèõ ôîðì âîñòî÷íûõ Ìîíãîëüñêèé áàëîáàí è îõâàòûâàþùåì ïóñòûííûå ðàâíèíû Òóð- áàëîáàíîâ, îïèñàííûõ âûøå, èõ îòëè÷àþò (Falco cherrug ãàéñêîãî ïëàòî ïðèìåðíî äî ð. Ñàðûñó íà áîëüøåå ðàçâèòèå ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðèñóíêà, progressus). âîñòîêå, à òàêæå çàïàäíûå ðàéîíû ïåñ- êàê íà ñïèíå, òàê, íåðåäêî, è íà áîêàõ è Ôîòî Ãîìáîáàòîðà Ñ. ÷àíûõ ïóñòûíü Êûçûëêóì è Êàðàêóì, ýòè øòàíàõ. Îêðàñêà òåìåíè, õîòÿ è èìååò ÷à- Mongolian Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug ñîêîëû íåèçìåííî ñòðåìÿòñÿ ãíåçäèòüñÿ â ñòî ðæàâ÷àòûé èëè âèííûé îòòåíîê, òåì progressus). íèøàõ îáðûâîâ – áóäü òî ÷èíêè Óñòþðòà íå ìåíåå, íå ñîïîñòàâèìà ïî ÿðêîñòè è Photo by Gombobàatar S. è Ìàíãûøëàêà, îáðûâû âîêðóã ïîáåðåæüÿ èíòåíñèâíîñòè ñ îêðàñêîé òåìåíè òóðêå- Àðàëüñêîãî ìîðÿ, áåðåãîâûå îáðûâû ðåê ñòàíñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ. Îñíîâíîé òîí âåðõà èëè êàíüîíîïîäîáíûõ ïåðåñîõøèõ ðóñåë, – ñåðîâàòî-áóðûé, ïîïåðå÷íûé ðèñóíîê è ëèøü êðàéíå ðåäêî ïîñåëÿþòñÿ â ñêàëàõ è êàéìû ïåðüåâ – îò áëåäíî-ïåñî÷íîãî íåáîëüøèõ ïóñòûííûõ ãîð, à â ïîñëåäíèå öâåòà íà âûãîðåâøèõ ïòèöàõ äî ðûæåâàòî- ãîäû è íà îïîðàõ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è (Êàðÿ- îõðèñòîãî â ñâåæåì ïåðå. Ñèçûé íàë¸ò êèí è äð., 2005). Âçðîñëûå ÷èíêîâûå áà- ñèëüíåå âûðàæåí ó ñàìöîâ è îñîáåííî ëîáàíû îñ¸äëû, ê ðàçìíîæåíèþ ïðèñòóïà- çàìåòåí íà ïîÿñíèöå. Âçðîñëûå ñîêîëû þò ðàíî (â 1993 ã. â îäíîì èç ãí¸çä 2 ìàÿ îñ¸äëû, ìîëîäûå â ïåðâûé ãîä æèçíè óëå- áûëè óæå ïîëíîñòüþ îïåð¸ííûå, ãîòîâûå òàþò íà çèìîâêó íà þã çà ïðåäåëû àðåàëà ê âûëåòó, ïòåíöû), â ïèòàíèè ýòèõ ñîêîëîâ ïîäâèäà. Ãí¸çäà óñòðàèâàþò èñêëþ÷èòåëü- ïðåîáëàäàþò ðàçíûå âèäû ïåñ÷àíîê. Äàëü- íî íà ñêàëàõ, îáû÷íî ñðåäíåé èëè äàæå øå âñåãî íà çàïàä âîñòî÷íûå áàëîáàíû, íåáîëüøîé âûñîòû, â ïðåäãîðüÿõ êðóïíûõ âçðîñëûå îñîáè êîòîðûõ èìåþò ïîïåðå÷- õðåáòîâ èëè â íåâûñîêèõ ñêàëèñòûõ ãîðàõ. íûé ðèñóíîê, ïðîíèêàþò â Ìàëîé Àçèè. Èíîãäà, åñëè ïîçâîëÿþò óñëîâèÿ, æèâóò è ß âèäåë â åâðîïåéñêèõ ñîêîëèíûõ ïèòîì- íà âûñîêîãîðíûõ ïëàòî (íàèáîëüøàÿ àáñî- íèêàõ òð¸õ æèâûõ ïòèö, èçúÿòûõ íåêîãäà ëþòíàÿ âûñîòà ñðåäè èçâåñòíûõ ìíå ãí¸çä èç ãí¸çä â ðàéîíå ãîðîäà Êîíüÿ, à òàêæå ïðèáëèæàëàñü ê 2,5 òûñ. ì). Ñðåäè êîðìî- îäíó òóøêó âçðîñëîé ïòèöû, äîáûòîé áëèç âûõ îáúåêòîâ ïðåîáëàäàþò ðàçíûå âèäû Ýðçåðóìà, â êîëëåêöèè Ìîñêîâñêîãî óíè- ïåñ÷àíîê, ðåæå – ñóñëèêè. âåðñèòåòà. Êðóïíîé âåëè÷èíîé, à òàêæå Ìîíãîëüñêèé áàëîáàí (F. ch. progressus îñîáåííîñòüþ îêðàñêè è ðèñóíêà (ðèñ. 5) Stegmann, 1925), îïèñàííûé â êà÷åñòâå àíàòîëèéñêèå áàëîáàíû (F. ch. anatolicus) ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíîãî ïîäâèäà Á.Ê. Øòåãìà- (òàê ðåøèë ÿ èõ íàçâàòü) áîëüøå âñåãî íà- íîì, áîëüøèíñòâîì èññëåäîâàòåëåé îáúå- ïîìèíàëè íåêîòîðûõ ïòèö èç Öåíòðàëüíîé äèíÿåòñÿ ñ ïðåäûäóùèì, öåíòðàëüíîàçèàò- Àçèè, áëèæàéøèå ìåñòà îáèòàíèÿ êîòîðûõ ñêèì (Ñòåïàíÿí, 1975). Âñå ìîè ñîìíåíèÿ íàõîäÿòñÿ â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Òÿíü-Øàíÿ ïî÷òè â î ïðàâèëüíîñòè òîé èëè èíîé òî÷êè çðåíèÿ 4000 êèëîìåòðîâ äàëüøå íà âîñòîê. Çàòî ðàçâåÿëèñü ïîñëå òîãî, êàê ÿ âïåðâûå óâè- áëèæàéøèå ñîñåäè – òóðêåñòàíñêèå áà- äåë òóøêè ýòèõ ïòèö â êîëëåêöèè Èíñòèòó- ëîáàíû â ãîðàõ Ýëüáóðñà, ÷èíêîâûå – íà òà çîîëîãèè â Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðãå. Ïîìèìî âîñòî÷íîì ïîáåðåæüå Êàñïèÿ è óæ òåì îáùåé ñâåòëîé îêðàñêè è êðóïíîé âåëè÷è- áîëåå îáûêíîâåííûå – â Êðûìó èëè íà íû, ó âçðîñëûõ îñîáåé â ãëàçà áðîñàëîñü Áàëêàíàõ, èìåþò ñ àíàòîëèéñêèì áàëî- î÷åíü ñèëüíîå ðàçâèòèå ïîïåðå÷íîãî ðè- áàíîì î÷åíü ìàëî îáùåãî. Ñâîåîáðàçèå ñóíêà âåðõà è èíòåíñèâíûé ñâåòëî-ñèçûé ñîêîëîâ èç Ìàëîé Àçèè îòìå÷àëè è äðó- íàë¸ò íå òîëüêî íà ïîÿñíèöå, íî è íà ñïè- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 93

íå è äàæå íà õâîñòå. Âñ¸ ýòî ðåçêî îòëè- âåëèêà çàâèñèìîñòü îò îäíîãî âèäà – ÷åð- ÷àëî èõ îò âñåõ äðóãèõ áàëîáàíîâ, ÷òî ìíå íîãóáîé ïèùóõè (Ochotona curzoniae). äîâåëîñü âèäåòü ðàíüøå. Ñïóñòÿ äâà ãîäà Èç ðàáîò, ïîÿâèâøèõñÿ â ïîñëåäíèå äå- ÿ óâèäåë, íàêîíåö, è æèâûõ ïòèö. Ïåðâîå ñÿòèëåòèÿ, êîòîðûå òàê èëè èíà÷å çàòðà- âïå÷àòëåíèå – ýòî âîâñå íå áàëîáàí, à ãèâàëè ïðîáëåìàòèêó àëòàéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ êðå÷åò. Èìïîçàíòíàÿ âåëè÷èíà, ìàññèâ- (Hierofalco altaicus Menzbier, 1891; ñèíî- íàÿ ãîëîâà ñ êðóïíûì, ñâåòëîîêðàøåííûì íèìû: Hierofàlco lorenzi Ìånzbiår, 1900; êëþâîì, ïûøíîå, ãóñòîå îïåðåíèå – âñ¸ Falco gyrfalco altaicils Ìånzbiår, 1891), íà ýòî ðàçèòåëüíî íàïîìèíàëî ñåâåðíîãî ñî- ìîé âçãëÿä, îñîáîãî âíèìàíèÿ çàñëóæèâà- ñåäà (ðèñ. 7). Ïîìèìî Þæíîãî Çàáàéêà- þò ñòàòüè Ï. Ïôàíäåðà (1994; 1999) óæå ëüÿ è Âîñòî÷íîé Ìîíãîëèè, ýòè ïòèöû, ïî- ïîòîìó, ÷òî îí ñ ñàìîãî íà÷àëà ïîäðîá- âèäèìîìó, èäóò â ñâî¸ì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè íî è, ãëàâíîå, âåðíî äà¸ò õàðàêòåðèñòè- íà âîñòîê äî ãðàíèö âèäà íà Áîëüøîì Õèí- êó âíåøíèõ ïðèçíàêîâ ýòèõ ïòèö. È åñëè ãàíå. Íàñåëÿþò ïëîñêèå è ñëàáî õîëìèñòûå â ñòàòüÿõ ñòàðûõ àâòîðîâ, êîòîðûå òàêæå ðàâíèíû èëè íåâûñîêèå ãîðû ñ âûõîäàìè èìåëè ÷¸òêîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î òîì, êàê íåáîëüøèõ ñêàë. Ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëàãàþò îáû÷- âûãëÿäÿò àëòàéñêèå ñîêîëà, ëèøü î÷åíü íî íåâûñîêî â íèøàõ ñêàë, à íåðåäêî – è íà íåçíà÷èòåëüíûé îáú¸ì ìàòåðèàëà, êîòî- çåìëå. Ìíîãèìè àâòîðàìè ïîë¸âêà Áðàíäòà ðûì îíè ðàñïîëàãàëè, çàòðóäíÿë ïîèñêè (Lasiopodomys brandti) åäèíîäóøíî ïðè- ðåøåíèÿ çàãàäêè ýòèõ ïòèö, â áîëåå ïîçä- çíà¸òñÿ âàæíåéøèì êîðìîâûì îáúåêòîì íèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ ýòîìó ïðåïÿòñòâîâàëî ýòèõ ñîêîëîâ. Âçðîñëûå ïòèöû îñ¸äëû, ìî- íåâåðíîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå î òîì, ÷òî îíè èç ëîäûå ñîâåðøàþò ìèãðàöèþ äàëåêî çà ïðå- ñåáÿ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò.  ÷àñòíîñòè, â ìîíî- äåëû ãíåçäîâîãî àðåàëà ïîäâèäà. ãðàôèè î êðå÷åòàõ Å. Ïîòàïîâà è Ð. Ñåé- Òèáåòñêèå áàëîáàíû (F. ch. hendersoni, ëà (Potapov, Sale, 2005) íà îáåèõ ôîòî- Íumå, 1871) (ðèñ. 8) â ðÿäó ôîðì âîñòî÷- ãðàôèÿõ àëòàéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ çàïå÷àòëåíû íûõ áàëîáàíîâ ñòîÿò îñîáíÿêîì. Èõ íåî- ïðîñòûå áàëîáàíû öåíòðàëüíîàçèàòñêîãî áû÷íîñòü ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ è â âûñîêîãîðíîì ïîäâèäà. Òîëüêî ýòèì ÿ ìîãó îáúÿñíèòü õàðàêòåðå ìåñòîîáèòàíèé (3000–5000 ì óòâåðäèâøóþñÿ â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ïîçè- íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ), è â ðàñöâåòêå âçðîñ- öèþ, êîòîðóþ çàíÿëè áîëüøèíñòâî èññëå- ëûõ ïòèö, áîëüøå âñåãî íàïîìèíàþùåé äîâàòåëåé, âèäÿùèõ â àëòàéñêîì ñîêîëå ðàñöâåòêó ïóñòåëüã, è, íàêîíåö, â ðèñóí- ëèøü öâåòîâóþ âàðèàöèþ îäíîãî èç ïîä- êå, ïîïåðå÷íûé õàðàêòåð êîòîðîãî èìåí- âèäîâ áàëîáàíà. Íà ðèñ. 9 èçîáðàæåíû íî ó òèáåòñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ íàõîäèò ñâî¸ òèïè÷íûé «àëòàåö» ò¸ìíîé îêðàñêè è èí- ìàêñèìàëüíîå âûðàæåíèå: êèðïè÷íî- òåðåñíûé âàðèàíò ñâåòëîé îêðàñêè (F. ch. ðæàâ÷àòîãî öâåòà ïÿòíà íà ñïèíå ñëèâà- altaicus Menzbier, 1891). Èíòåðåñåí îí þòñÿ â ïðàâèëüíûå ïîëîñû, ïîäíèìàþùè- òåì, ÷òî íå ÷àñòî ó ñâåòëûõ ïòèö (íàçûâàâ- åñÿ äî øåè. Íà áîêàõ è øòàíàõ, à òàêæå íà øèõñÿ êîãäà-òî ñîêîëîì Ëîðåíöà) íà ãî- ïîäõâîñòüå ÷åðíîâàòûå ïÿòíà òàêæå îáðà- ëîâå ïîëíîñòüþ ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ ò¸ìíûé øëå- çóþò ïîïåðå÷íûå ïîëîñû, íàïîìèíàþùèå ìîïîäîáíûé ðèñóíîê. Ïîìèìî òîãî, ÷òî ðèñóíîê ñàïñàíîâ èëè íåêîòîðûõ ïîäâè- îáå ïòèöû íà èëëþñòðàöèè èìåþò ò¸ìíîå, äîâ êðå÷åòîâ èëè ëàííåðîâ. ÷åðíîâàòî-áóðîå òåìÿ, êîòîðîå íå ñâåòëåå Íàêîíåö, ïî÷òè ÷¸ðíîå èëè ñïèíû, â ãëàçà áðîñàþòñÿ è ïåðüÿ ïîäõâî- êîðè÷íåâàòî-÷¸ðíîå òåìÿ, ñòüÿ, èñïåùð¸ííûå ò¸ìíûì ïîïåðå÷íûì â îòëè÷èè îò îñòàëüíûõ ïîä- ðèñóíêîì. Íå îñòàíàâëèâàÿñü íà íåñêîëü- âèäîâ áàëîáàíîâ, íå ñâåòëåå êèõ äðóãèõ õàðàêòåðíûõ, õîòÿ è ìåíåå çà- ñïèíû. Ëèøü âî âíåøíîñòè ìåòíûõ ïðèçíàêàõ, õî÷ó îòìåòèòü, ÷òî ïðè àëòàéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ, î êîòî- âñåé âàðèàáåëüíîñòè ðàñöâåòêè è ðèñóíêà ðûõ ðå÷ü ïîéäåò íèæå, îáíà- áàëîáàíîâ, ïîìèìî àëòàéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ, ðóæèâàþòñÿ ñõîäíûå ÷åðòû. ïòèö ñî ñõîäíûì ðèñóíêîì ìîæíî âñòðå- Âçðîñëûå òèáåòñêèå áàëîáà- òèòü òîëüêî ñðåäè òèáåòñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ. íû îñ¸äëû, ìîëîäûå – ïåðå- Ïðè ýòîì àðåàë òèáåòñêèõ áàëîáàíîâ íå ë¸òíû. Ðàçìíîæàþòñÿ ñðàâ- ïåðåêðûâàåòñÿ ñ îáëàñòüþ ðàñïðîñòðàíå- íèòåëüíî ðàíî, ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà íèÿ ïòèö, íàçûâàåìûõ àëòàéñêèìè ñîêîëà- ñêàëàõ, â ïèòàíèè îñîáåííî ìè. Òå, ÷àùå âñåãî âñòðå÷àÿñü íà Àëòàå è â Ñàÿíàõ, ïðîíèêàþò íà ñåâåð äî Ìèíó- Òèáåòñêèé áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug ñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû, à íà þã – äî öåíòðàëü- hendersoni). Ôîòî Å. Ïîòàïîâà. íûõ ðàéîíîâ Òÿíü-Øàíÿ, òî åñòü, îáèòàþò Tibetan Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ïðåäåëàõ àðåàëà öåí- hendersoni). Photo by E. Potapov. òðàëüíîàçèàòñêîãî áàëîáàíà. Ïî ìåíü- 94 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

øåé ìåðå îäèí äîñòîâåðíûé (ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå), ýòîò ïîäâèä â ÷èñòîì ñëó÷àé âñòðå÷è ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ âèäå ñîõðàíèëñÿ íà î÷åíü îãðàíè÷åííîé àëòàéñêîãî ñîêîëà â àðåàëå òåððèòîðèè ðîññèéñêîãî Àëòàÿ, ãäå îáè- îáûêíîâåííîãî áàëîáàíà (ê òàåò â ãîðíûõ òà¸æíûõ ðàéîíàõ ñ î÷åíü ýòîìó ïîäâèäó ïðèíàäëåæàë âûñîêîé âëàæíîñòüþ, êîòîðûå ìàëî ïðè- è îäèí èç ïàðòí¸ðîâ) îòìå- âëåêàòåëüíû äëÿ «íîðìàëüíûõ» áàëîáàíîâ, ÷åí Ï. Ïôàíäåðîì (1994). òî åñòü, ýêîëîãè÷åñêè îò íèõ èçîëèðîâà- Íå èñêëþ÷åíî, ÷òî àëòàé- íû. Ëþáîïûòíî, ÷òî, ïî ìåðå óäàëåíèÿ ñêèå ñîêîëû ìîãóò ïðîíè- îò ÿäðà ïîäâèäà, çîíà ñìåøåíèÿ ñ áàëî- êàòü è â àðåàë ìîíãîëüñêèõ áàíàìè äðóãèõ ïîäâèäîâ õàðàêòåðèçóåò- áàëîáàíîâ. Ñðåäè ðàçëè÷íûõ ñÿ íå ñòîëüêî ïîñòåïåííûì îñëàáëåíèåì ãèïîòåç, îáúÿñíÿþùèõ ñóùå- ñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ ïðèçíàêîâ àëòàéñêèõ ñî- ñòâîâàíèå â ïðåäåëàõ àðåàëîâ íåñêîëüêèõ êîëîâ, ñêîëüêî ïðîñòûì óìåíüøåíèåì Ñàìåö àëòàéñêîãî ñîêîëà (Falco cher- ïîäâèäîâ áàëîáàíîâ ïòèö, ðåçêî îòëè- ÷èñëåííîñòè â ïîïóëÿöèè ïòèö, èìåþùèõ rug altaicus) ò¸ìíîé ÷àþùèõñÿ öåëûì êîìïëåêñîì ïðèçíàêîâ, òèïè÷íûé îáëèê «àëòàéöåâ». Òî åñòü, äàæå îêðàñêè íà ãíåçäå. ñâîåé ëîãè÷íîñòüþ ïîäêóïàåò ãèïîòåçà, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Èññûê-Êóëÿ èëè Àëìàòû, Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ïðåäëîæåííàÿ â óæå óïîìèíàâøèõñÿ ñòà- êîòîðûå îò ñîõðàíèâøåãîñÿ ÿäðà ïîäâèäà Male of the Altai [Saker] òüÿõ Ï. Ïôàíäåðîì. Îí ïîëàãàåò, ÷òî â îòäåëÿåò áîëåå 1000 êì, ìîæíî âñòðåòèòü Falcon (Falco cherrug altaicus) dark morph on êîíöå ïîñëåäíåãî ëåäíèêîâîãî ïåðèîäà â íà ãíåçäîâàíèè òèïè÷íûõ àëòàéñêèõ ñî- the nest. âûñîêîãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ è Ñàÿí ìîãëà îñòàòüñÿ êîëîâ. Ïî-âèäèìîìó, ýòî îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ èñ- Photo by I. Karyakin. èçîëèðîâàííàÿ ïîïóëÿöèÿ êðå÷åòîâ, êî- êëþ÷èòåëüíîé äîìèíàíòíîñòüþ êëþ÷åâûõ òîðàÿ â õîäå ïîòåïëåíèÿ êëèìàòà è ñîïóò- ïðèçíàêîâ àëòàéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ. Íå ñëó- ñòâóþùåãî åìó îñòåïíåíèþ ðåãèîíà áûëà ÷àéíî äàæå â ñìåøàííûõ ïàðàõ áîëüøàÿ àññèìèëèðîâàíà ïðîíèêàþùèìè íà ñåâåð ÷àñòü ïîòîìñòâà âûãëÿäèò êàê «àëòàéöû». ß ïîïóëÿöèÿìè áàëîáàíîâ. Ñîõðàíåíèå â îïðîñèë âëàäåëüöåâ ìíîãèõ ïèòîìíèêîâ, ýòîì ðàéîíå îñîáåé, îáëàäàþùèõ â ðàñ- êîòîðûå ðàçâîäÿò àëòàéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ, è öâåòêå è ðèñóíêå îïåðåíèÿ, à âîçìîæíî îò âñåõ ïîëó÷èë ïîäòâåðæäåíèå òîìó, ÷òî è â íåêîòîðûõ ÷åðòàõ áèîëîãèè, íåêîòî- íàáëþäàë è â ïðèðîäå: åñëè â ïàðå îáà ðûìè êðå÷åòèíûìè ïðèçíàêàìè ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðîäèòåëÿ èìåþò òèïè÷íûå ïðèçíàêè ïîä- ñâèäåòåëüñòâîì áûëîé ãèáðèäèçàöèè äâóõ âèäà (ïðè ýòîì íå ïðèõîäèòñÿ ñîìíåâàòü- áëèçêèõ âèäîâ. Íî è ýòà ãèïîòåçà, íà ìîé ñÿ, ÷òî èõ ïðåäêè ìíîãîêðàòíî ñìåøèâà- âçãëÿä, èìååò ñëàáîñòè. Íàïðèìåð, ìîæíî ëèñü ñ «íîðìàëüíûìè» áàëîáàíàìè), âñ¸ áûëî áû îæèäàòü, ÷òî ïîìèìî ñïåöèôè- ïîòîìñòâî èìååò «àëòàéñêóþ» âíåøíîñòü. ÷åñêèõ îñîáåííîñòåé ðàñöâåòêè è ðèñóí- Êðàéíèå òî÷êè, ãäå âñ¸ åù¸ âñòðå÷àþòñÿ êà (êîòîðûå, êñòàòè, è ó êðå÷åòîâ âñòðå÷à- ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ áàëîáàíû, ñîõðàíèâøèå îá- þòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî ðåäêî), àëòàéñêèå ñîêîëû ëèê òèïè÷íûõ àëòàéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ, î÷åâèä- äîëæíû áûëè áû èìåòü ïðîìåæóòî÷íûé íî, ìàðêèðóþò ãðàíèöû áûëîãî ðàñïðî- õàðàêòåð â ïðîïîðöèÿõ è ðàçìåðàõ. Îä- ñòðàíåíèÿ ýòîãî ïîäâèäà. íàêî, îíè â ýòîì îòíîøåíèè – òèïè÷íûå Ðåçþìèðóÿ, ïðèõîäèòñÿ êîíñòàòèðîâàòü, áàëîáàíû. Àíàëèç ÄÍÊ àëòàéñêèõ ñîêî- ëîâ òàêæå íå âûÿâèë íèêàêèõ îòëè÷èé îò ìåñòíûõ áàëîáàíîâ (Wink et al., 2007). È, íàêîíåö, èãíîðèðóåòñÿ ÿâíîå ñõîäñòâî êëþ÷åâûõ ïðèçíàêîâ àëòàéñêèõ ñîêîëîâ ñ òàêèìè æå ïðèçíàêàìè òèáåòñêèõ áàëîáà- íîâ. Íà ìîé âçãëÿä, àëòàéñêèå ñîêîëû è òè- áåòñêèå áàëîáàíû – íàèáîëåå àðõàè÷íûå ïîäâèäû, âîçìîæíî ñîõðàíèâøèå â ñâî¸ì îáëèêå ìíîãèå ÷åðòû îáùåãî äëÿ áàëîáà- íîâ è êðå÷åòîâ ïðåäêà. Èìåííî ýòèì îáú- ÿñíÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èå ðÿäà ïðèçíàêîâ, îòñóò- ñòâóþùèõ ó äðóãèõ ôîðì áàëîáàíîâ, íî èìåþùèõñÿ ó íåêîòîðûõ êðå÷åòîâ. Èìåÿ õîðîøî èçîëèðîâàííûé àðåàë â âûñîêî- ãîðüÿõ Òèáåòà, òèáåòñêèé áàëîáàí â çíà÷è- òåëüíîé ìåðå ñîõðàíèë èñõîäíûé îáëèê. Ñàìåö àëòàéñêîãî ñîêîëà câåòëîé îêðàñêè îêîëî Àëòàéñêèå ñîêîëû, ñìåøèâàÿñü ñ äðóãè- ãíåçäà. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ìè áàëîáàíàìè, ïîñòåïåííî ñîêðàùàëè Male of the Altai [Saker] Falcon pale morph near ñâîé àðåàë è, ïî ñâåäåíèÿì Â. Ìîñåéêèíà the nest. Photo by I. Karyakin. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 95

÷òî îöåíèâàÿ ãåîãðàôè÷åñêóþ èçìåí÷è- Ëèòåðàòóðà âîñòü áàëîáàíîâ, ìîæíî âûäåëèòü ñëåäóþ- Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Îòðÿä äíåâíûå õèùíûå ùèå ëîêàëüíûå ôîðìû: îáûêíîâåííûé, ïòèöû. – Ïòèöû ÑÑÑÐ. Ò. 3. Ì.–Ë.:, 1936. òèáåòñêèé, àëòàéñêèé (èñ÷åçàþùèé), ìîí- Ñ. 42–100. ãîëüñêèé, öåíòðàëüíîàçèàòñêèé, òóðêåñòàí- Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Îòðÿä õèùíûå ïòèöû. – Ïòè- öû ÑÑÑÐ. Ò. 1. Ì., 1951. Ñ. 70–341. ñêèé, ÷èíêîâûé è àíàòîëèéñêèé áàëîáàíû Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ëåâèí À.Ñ., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì., (ïîñëåäíèé äî ñèõ ïîð íå îïèñûâàëñÿ êàê Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ. Áàëîáàí â Çàïàäíîì Êàçàõñòà- ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíûé ïîäâèä). íå: ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé 2003–2004 ãã. – Äèôôåðåíöèàöèÿ áàëîáàíîâ çàïàäíîãî Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2005. ¹2. Ñ. è âîñòî÷íîãî òèïîâ çàøëà íàñòîëüêî äà- 42–55. ëåêî, ÷òî â áîëüøèíñòâå ìåñò êîíòàêòà èõ Êîçëîâà Å.Â. Ïòèöû çîíàëüíûõ ñòåïåé è ïó- àðåàëîâ îíè ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå ñìåøèâàþò- ñòûíü Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè. – Òðóäû Çîîë. èí-òà ñÿ. Òàì æå, ãäå ýòî ïðîèñõîäèò, çîíà ãè- ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. Ë., 1975. Ò. 59. Ñ. 1–250. áðèäèçàöèè ñðàâíèòåëüíî óçêàÿ, ïòèöû â Ìèòðîïîëüñêèé Î.Â., Ôîòåëëåð Å.Ð., Òðåòüÿ- êîâ Ã.Ï. Îòðÿä Ñîêîëîîáðàçíûå. – Ïòèöû Óçáå- íåé îòëè÷àþòñÿ, â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïðåîá- êèñòàíà. Ò. 1. Òàøêåíò, 1987. Ñ. 123–246. Ïòåíöû àëòàéñêîãî Ìîøêèí À.Â. Ïåðâàÿ íàõîäêà áàëîáàíà íà ñîêîëà â ãíåçäå. ãíåçäîâàíèè â Òþìåíñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. – Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2009. ¹15. Chicks of the Altai Ñ. 126–127. [Saker] Falcon in the Ïôàíäåð Ï.Â. Âíîâü îá «àëòàéñêîì êðå÷å- nest. òå». – Selevinia, 1994. Ò. 2. ¹3. Ñ. 5–9. Photo by I. Karyakin. Ïôàíäåð Ï.Â. Îáðàùåíèå ê «ìîëîäîìó ôàó- íèñòó». – Êàçàõñòàíñêèé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèé áþëëåòåíü 2006. Àëìàòû, 2007. Ñ. 189–194. Ñîðîêèí À.Ã. Êîíäî-Àëûìñêàÿ îðíèòîëîãè- ÷åñêàÿ àíîìàëèÿ, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2009. ¹15. Ñ. 90–96. Ñòåïàíÿí Ë.Ñ. Ñîñòàâ è ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ïòèö ôàóíû ÑÑÑÐ. Íåâîðîáüèíûå. Ì., 1975. 370 ñ. Baumgart W. Der Sakerfalke. Wittenberg Lu- therstadt, 1980. 160 p. Glutz v.Blotzheim, U.N., K. Bauer u. E. Bezzel. Handbuch der Vogel Mitteleuropas, Bd. 4. Falco- niformes. Frankfurt am Main, 1971. 943 p. Nittinger F. DNA-Analysen zur Populations- struktur des Sakerfalken (Falco cherrug) und zu sei- ner systematischen Stellung innerhalb des Hiero- falkenkomplexes. Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissen- ëàäàíèÿ äîëè êðîâè òîé èëè èíîé ôîðìû, schaften an der Fakultat fur Lebenswissenschaften çíà÷èòåëüíûì ðàçíîîáðàçèåì ïðèçíàêîâ, der Universität Wien. Wien, 2004. 123 p. âûðàæàþùèõñÿ íå òîëüêî âî âíåøíîñòè, Nittinger, F., A. Gamauf, W. Pinsker, M. Wink íî è â îñîáåííîñòÿõ áèîëîãèè. Ïîäîá- & E. Haring. Phylogeography and population íóþ êàðòèíó ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü â çîíå structure of the saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and ãèáðèäèçàöèè ìíîãèõ áëèçêèõ âèäîâ, íà- the influence of hybridisation: mitochondrial and ïðèìåð ÷¸ðíîé (Corvus corone) è ñåðîé microsatellite data. – Molecular Ecology, 2007. ¹16. P. 1497–1517. âîðîíû (C. cornix) èëè îáûêíîâåííîãî Pfander P. Neues uber den Altai (ger) falken. – (Buteo rufinus) è ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàííèêà Greifvogel und Falknerei 1998. 1999. P. 131–136. (B. hemilasius). Ïîýòîìó ÿ òàêèõ ñîêîëîâ, Potapov E., Sale R. The Gyrfalcon. London, õîòü è íàçûâàþ «ñèáèðñêèìè áàëîáàíà- 2005. 288 p. ìè», ñêëîíåí ðàññìàòðèâàòü íå êàê îñîáûé Seibold I, Helbig AJ, Wink M. Molecular syste- ïîäâèä, à êàê ïðîäóêò ãèáðèäèçàöèè «ïî÷òè matics of falcons (family Falconidae). – Naturwis- âèäîâ» – çàïàäíûõ è âîñòî÷íûõ áàëîáàíîâ. senschaften, 1993. ¹80. P. 87–90. Vaurie C. The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna. Áëàãîäàðíîñòè London, 1965. 763 p. Wink M. Molekulare Methoden in der Greifvo- Àâòîð áëàãîäàðèò âûäàþùåãîñÿ ðîñ- gelforschung. – Greifvögel und Falknerei 1993/ ñèéñêîãî õóäîæíèêà-àíèìàëèñòà Âàäèìà 1994. P. 17–28. Ãîðáàòîâà íå òîëüêî çà ìàñòåðñêè èñïîë- Wink M., H. Sauer-Gurth, A. El-Sayed u. J. íåííûå èëëþñòðàöèè ê ýòîé ñòàòüå, íî è çà Gonzales. Ein Blick durch die Lupe der Genetik: äðóæáó è ïîääåðæêó âî ìíîãèõ ñîâìåñò- Greifvogel aus der DNA-Perspektive. – Greifvo- íûõ ýêñïåäèöèÿõ. gel und Falknerei 2005/2006. 2007. P. 27–48. 96 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

PeregrineFalconintheAltai-SayanRegion,Russia САПСАН В АЛТАЕ-САЯНСКОМ РЕГИОНЕ, РОССИЯ KaryakinI.V.(CenterofFieldStudies,N.Novgorod,Russia) NikolenkoE.G.(SiberianEnvironmentalCenter,Novosibirsk,Russia) Карякин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н. Новгород, Россия) Николенко Э.Г. (МБОО «Сибирский экологический центр», Новосибирск, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Àáñòðàêò Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí  ñòàòüå ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé àâòîðîâ â 1999–2009 ãã.  Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå â õîäå èñ- Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ ñëåäîâàíèé âûÿâëåíî 76 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ (Falco peregrinus), èç íèõ íà 43-õ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ èññëåäîâàíèé îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà, íà 26-òè ó÷àñòêàõ âñòðå÷åíû áåñïîêîÿùèåñÿ ïòèöû, â òîì ÷èñëå íà 20-òè – ïàðû, íà äâóõ 603000 Ðîññèÿ ó÷àñòêàõ – ñë¸òêè è íà ïÿòè ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíû õàðàêòåðíûå ïðèñàäû ñîêîëîâ, íî ïòèöû íå âñòðå÷åíû, õîòÿ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä íà äâóõ èç íèõ ñàïñàíû íàáëþäàëèñü ðàíåå äðóãèìè èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè.  ãåîèíôîðìàöèîííóþ ñèñòåìó âíåñåíà óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17 èíôîðìàöèÿ îá îïóáëèêîâàííûõ íàõîäêàõ 55-òè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ, âûÿâëåííûõ â 80–90-õ ãã. ÕÕ òåë.: +7 831 433 38 47 ñòîëåòèÿ ðàçíûìè èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè. Íà îñíîâàíèè àíàëèçà îïóáëèêîâàííûõ íàõîäîê è ó÷¸òîâ ÷èñëåííîñòü [email protected] ñàïñàíà â ðåãèîíå îïðåäåëåíà â 681–1059 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 824 ïàðû. Íàèáîëåå êðóïíûå ãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïè- ðîâêè ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé (24,1%), Àëòàéñêîì êðàå (20,44%) è Êðàñíîÿðñêîì êðàå (20,19%). Áîëüøèíñòâî ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ (ñ ó÷¸òîì ëèòåðàòóðíûõ äàííûõ) îáíàðóæåíî â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà (n=131) – çäåñü âñòðå÷åíî 55,0% ïàð. Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ÷òî â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà ñîñðåäîòî÷åíà áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ðåãèîíàëüíîé ïîïóëÿöèè ñàï- ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» ñàíà – 77,18%.  ðåãèîíå ñàïñàí òÿãîòååò íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ê ïðèðå÷íûì ñêàëàì – ê íèì ïðèóðî÷åíî (n=73) 630090, Ðîññèÿ 73,97% ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ. Íà ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ ïî âåðøèíàì õðåáòîâ èëè ïîëîãèõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 ãíåçäèòñÿ 23,29% ïàð, ïðè÷¸ì â îñíîâíîì â ëåñîñòåïíûõ è ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ. Èç íàéäåííûõ ãí¸çä (áåç ó÷¸òà òåë.: +7 383 363 00 59 ëèòåðàòóðíûõ äàííûõ) 74,42% ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ, 20,93% – íà ñêàëàõ ïî âåðøèíàì õðåáòîâ [email protected] è êóýñòîâûõ ãðÿäàõ, 4,65% – íà ñêàëàõ ïî áåðåãàì îç¸ð. Âûñîòà ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä âàðüèðóåò îò 0 (ïîäíîæèå

ñêàëû) äî 150 ì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 49,2±35,8 (Ex=0,17). Áîëüøèíñòâî ïàð ñàïñàíîâ ñòàðàåòñÿ óñòðàèâàòü ãí¸çäà â âåðõíåé òðåòè ñêàë – (n=43) 48,84%. Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ñàïñàíîâ ãíåçäèòñÿ â íèøàõ áåç êàêèõ-ëèáî Contact: ïîñòðîåê – (n=43) 81,4%.  êëàäêå 2–4, â ñðåäíåì (n=8) 3,38±0,92 ÿèö, â âûâîäêå 1–4, â ñðåäíåì (n=19) Igor Karyakin 2,53±1,02 ïòåíöîâ. Center of Field Studies Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: õèùíûå ïòèöû, ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè, ñîêîë, ñàïñàí, Falco peregrinus, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ÷èñ- Korolenko str., 17a–17 ëåííîñòü, ãíåçäîâàÿ áèîëîãèÿ, Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîí. Nizhniy Novgorod 603000 Russia Abstract tel.: +7 831 433 38 47 The results of the authors’ field studies in 1999–2009 are presented in the paper. 76 breeding territories of the Per- [email protected] egrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) were found during surveys in the Altai-Sayan region, nests were discovered in 43 territories, disturbed birds were recorded in 26 territories, among those pairs were noted in 20, fledglings – in 2, Elvira Nikolenko perches – in 5 territories, however, no birds were recorded, although the Peregrines have been observed earlier by NGO Siberian other researchers in two of them. The information on the published findings of 55 breeding territories of Peregrines Environmental Center that had been revealed in the 80–90s of ÕÕ century by different researchers has been introduced into ArcView P.O. Box 547, GIS. Based on the analysis of the published data and author’s surveys, a total of 681–1059 pairs of Peregrines (824 Novosibirsk pairs at average) were estimated to breed in the region. The largest breeding groups were found in the Republic of Altai (24.1%), Altai (20.44%) and Krasnoyarsk (20.19%) Krays. The majority of breeding territories of Peregrines 630090 Russia (with regard to the literature data) were found in the mountain forest zone of the Altai-Sayan region (n=131); 55% tel.: +7 383 363 00 59 of all pairs were recorded here. Following our estimations the major part of the regional population of Peregrines [email protected] (77.18%) seems to be located in the mountain forest zone of the Altai-Sayan region. Here, Peregrines prefer nesting at riverine cliffs where 73.97% (n=73) of breeding territories were located. 23.29% of all pairs nested on cliff outcrops along range ridges or flat uplands, mainly in forest-steppe and steppe regions. 74.42% of all nests revealed were placed on cliffs along range ridges and cuesta ridges, while 4.65% were located on lakeshore cliffs.

The height of nest location varied from 0 (cliff foot) to 150 m, averaging 49.2±35.8 m (Ex=0.17). The majority of Peregrine Falcon pairs (n=43, 48.84%) prefer to nest in the upper third of cliffs. The greater part (n=43, 81.4%) of Peregrine Falcons nest in niches without any nest constructing. The average clutch size is average 3.38±0.92 eggs (n=8; range 2–4 eggs); brood size is 2.53±1.02 chicks (n=19; range 1–4 chicks). Keywords: birds of prey, raptors, falcons, Peregrine Falcon, Falco peregrinus, distribution, population status, breeding biology, Altai-Sayan region.

Ââåäåíèå Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a rare Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) – ðåäêèé âèä, species listed in the Red Data Book of the çàíåñ¸ííûé â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Ðîññèè è âî Russian Federation. The published data have âñå ðåãèîíàëüíûå Êðàñíûå êíèãè Àëòàå- been generalized and the results of the au- Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà. Èç êðóïíûõ ñîêîëîâ thors’ field studies in the Altai-Sayan Region ýòî âèä ñ íàèáîëåå áëàãîïîëó÷íûì ñòà- have been presented in this article. òóñîì. Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîí ÿâëÿåòñÿ The region under consideration occupies ðåçåðâàòîì êðóïíîé ïîïóëÿöèè ñàïñàíà, the territory of the Altai-Sayan mountain re- îäíàêî çäåñü äî ñèõ ïîð íå ïðåäïðèíè- gion and adjacent flatlands within the bounds Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 97

Ñàïñàí (Falco of Novosibirsk and Kemerovo districts, Kras- peregrinus). noyarsk and Altai Krays, Republics of Altai, Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Tyva and Khakassiya. The region area is Peregrine Falcon (Falco 751,379.7 km2. In 1999–2009 the authors peregrinus). Photo by I. Karyakin. surveyed virtually every steppe depression, as well as certain taiga and high mountain regions in the Russian part of the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion. During the research that was pre- dominantly carried out from May to June the territories where habitation of Peregrine is most likely were surveyed. The total length ìàëîñü ïîïûòîê öåëåíàïðàâëåííîãî èç- of survey routes was more than 90,000 km. ó÷åíèÿ ýòîãî ñîêîëà. Ëèøü ïî îòäåëüíûì In different research years we set up 43 study ðàéîíàì Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ (Áàðàíîâ, plots with a total area of 49,192.4 km2 (fig. 2). 2000) è Òóâû (Êàðòàøîâ, 2003) èìåþòñÿ The population calculation was per- äàííûå ìíîãîëåòíèõ ó÷¸òîâ è íåîäíîêðàò- formed using GIS software (Arc View 3.3 íûå íàáëþäåíèÿ çà ãíåçäîâûìè ïàðàìè.  ESRI) based on the map of typical habitats äàííîé ñòàòüå ïðåäïðèíÿòà ïîïûòêà îáîá- obtained through the verification of Land- ùèòü ëèòåðàòóðíûå äàííûå è ïðåäñòàâèòü sat ETM+ space images and analysis of ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé ñàïñàíà àâòîðà- 1:200,000 scale topographic maps. ìè â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. The feeding was studied by analysis of the remains and pellets in nests and perches Ìåòîäèêà of adult birds (a total of 157 objects) in 3 Ðàññìàòðèâàåìûé â ñòàòüå ðåãèîí çàíè- breeding territories in Tyva and 2 territories ìàåò òåððèòîðèþ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîé ãîðíîé in Khakassiya in 1999–2000. îáëàñòè è ïðèëåãàþùèõ ðàâíèí (Íîâîñè- During the research in the Altai-Sayan Re- áèðñêàÿ è Êåìåðîâñêàÿ îáëàñòè, Êðàñíîÿð- gion we found 76 Peregrine breeding terri- ñêèé è Àëòàéñêèé êðàÿ, ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé, tories (table 1, fig. 3), the nests were found Òûâà è Õàêàñèÿ). Êîíòóðû ðåãèîíà ïðîâå- in 43 of them. No nests were revealed in äåíû óñëîâíî, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïî àäìè- 33 Peregrine breeding territories, however, íèñòðàòèâíûì ãðàíèöàì. Ïëîùàäü âûäå- disturbed birds were observed in 26 ter- ëåííîãî ðåãèîíà ñîñòàâëÿåò 751379,7 êì2. ritories, among them pairs and fledglings, Äëÿ àíàëèçà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ è ÷èñëåííîñòè respectively, in 20 and 2 territories. ñàïñàíà â ñðåäå ÃÈÑ (ArcView 3.3 ESRI) ïî All available published information on êîñìîñíèìêàì Landsat ETM+ è ðàñòðîâûì records of nests or pairs of Peregrines were êàðòàì ìàñøòàáà 1:200000 áûëà ñîñòàâëåíà analyzed using GIS software. The number of âåêòîðíàÿ ëàíäøàôòíàÿ êàðòà, íà êîòîðîé records in the region was 55 (table 1, fig. 3), ïî òàêèì êðèòåðèÿì, êàê ëåñîïîêðûòîñòü, the major part being in Krasnoyarsk Kray ðåëüåô, ñîâîêóïíîñòü òèïè÷íûõ ãíåçäî- (Baranov, 1988; 2000) and Republic of Tyva ïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ áûëè âûäåëåíû áëèç- (Kartashov, 2003). êèå ïî ñâîèì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì ïðèðîäíûå Of 131 breeding territories of Peregrines ðàéîíû ïëîùàäüþ áîëåå 100 êì2 (ðèñ. 1). known in the region, 55.0% (72 territories) Ïîëåâûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ îñóùåñòâëÿëèñü â were located in the mountain forest zone, ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòîâ Ñèáýêîöåíòðà è Öåíòðà 32.8% (43) and 12.2% (16) – in steppe de- ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî èçó÷åíèþ ðåä- pressions and mountain forest steppe. In êèõ âèäîâ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, ïðåèìóùå- our studies the habitats of the mountain for- ñòâåííî ñîêîëà-áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) è est zone where 55% of Peregrine breeding îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca), ôèíàí- territories were found comprised 6% of the ñèðîâàâøèõñÿ çà ñ÷¸ò ñðåäñòâ Èíñòèòóòà total area of all habitats surveyed only. èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ (Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ), On the Salair Mountains Peregrines were Ïðîåêòà ÏÐÎÎÍ/ÃÝÔ «Ñîõðàíåíèå áèî- discovered breeding on the Berd’ and ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ â ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè Àëòàå- Chumysh rivers. The density was 3.34 in- Ñàÿíñêîãî ýêîðåãèîíà» è ðÿäà äðóãèõ dividuals (2.51 pairs)/100 km of river or îðãàíèçàöèé. Çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé 2.5 individuals/100 km2 of valley. The 1999–2009 ãã. îáñëåäîâàíû ïðàêòè÷åñêè average distance between nearest neigh- âñå ñòåïíûå êîòëîâèíû, à òàêæå íåêîòîðûå bors on the Berd’ river was 4.25 km (n=2; òà¸æíûå è âûñîêîãîðíûå ðàéîíû â ðîñ- range 2–6.5 km). On the Kiya river the den- ñèéñêîé ÷àñòè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà. sity was 7.14 pairs/100 km of river or 9.28  õîäå ðàáîòû, ïðîõîäèâøåé ïðåèìóùå- pairs/100 km2 of valley. In the Western Say- 98 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

an on the Ona river the distance between Per- egrine nests was 12.2 km with density of 4.26 pairs/100 km of river. In the Eastern Sayan on cliffs of the Mana river Peregrine nests were revealed in 7.34 and 7.69 km away from each other, the density was 6.27 pairs/100 km of river. Following data of A.A. Baranov (2000) in 1985 on the Mana river the Peregrines were registered with density of 5 pairs/100 km of river and of 5.0–5.9 pairs/100 km of river on the site of the Mana river near the Stolby Na- ture Reserve in 1983–1985. In the lower reach of the Kizir river the density of Peregrines was 7.55 pairs/100 km of river. The density of Peregrines on the south- ern macroslope of the Sayan at valleys of the Managy and Kara-Khol rivers, includ- ing the western bank of the Kara-Khol’ lake amounted to 4.04 pairs/100 km of river. In the Yenisei canyon submerged with waters of the Sayano-Shushenskoye reservoir, the density of Peregrine Falcons varied from 2.22 pairs/100 km of river below the Say- ano-Shushenskiy Nature Reserve to 6.15 pairs/100 km of river in the nature reserve above the Usinskiy reach, making an average of 3.75 pairs/100 km of river (Stakheev et. al., 1999; V. A. Stakheev, pers. com.). The den- sity of Peregrine nesting on the rivers of the Todzhinskaya depression is the same. Here, the distance between nearest neighbors var- ied from 3 to 52 km and strongly depended on the presence of cliff outcrops (Kartashov, 2003). Two Peregrine breeding territories 11.5 km away from each other were found on May 28th, 2001 on the Malyi Yenisei cliffs above the mouth of the Buren river. The density of Peregrines in the mountain Ðèñ. 1. Ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà. forest zone of the southern macroslope of the Sayan, the Obruchev ridge and the Todzhin- Fig. 1. Nature regions of the Altai-Sayan Region: 1 – Sayan Mountains, 2 – Kuznetskiy Alatau Mountains, 3 – Northern Altai skaya depression varied from 1.3 to 6.15 Mountains, 4 – Salair Mountains, 5 – Obrucheva Mountains, 6 – Sengilen pairs/100 km of river, making an average of Mountains, 7 – Tannu-Ola Mountains, 8 – Todzhinskaya Depression, 9 – North- 3.05 pairs/100 km of river. The maximum Western and Central Altai, 10 – Landscapes between rivers Biya and Katun, density indices were typical for the Yenisei 11 – Solgonskiy Mountains, 12 – Forest of plain in the right bank of the Ob’ river, 13 – Forest and forest-steppe of plain in the right bank of the Ob’ river, valley (the Malyi and Bolshoi Yenisei rivers in 14 – Achinskaya forest-steppe, 15 – Krasnoyarskaya forest-steppe, 16 – Biya- Eastern Tuva). Peregrines become quite rare Chumyshskaya Upland, 17 – North-Western Altai Mountains, 18 – Kuznetskaya in mountain forest zone of the Tannu-Ola, Depression, 19 – Minussinskaya Depression, 20 – Usinskaya Depression, Sengilen and Khorumnug-Taiga ranges; only 21 – Turanskaya Depression, 22 – Tuvinskaya Depression, 23 – Ubsunuurskaya Depression, 24 – South-Eastern Altai Mountains and South-Western Tyva two breeding territories were discovered Republic, 25 – Alpine zone of the Altai-Sayan Region, 26 – Forest-steppe and here, birds were noted in two territories. steppe plains in the Ob’ river right side. The distance between Peregrine pairs was 8–16 km in the Katun river valley, which ñòâåííî â ìàå–èþëå, îáñëåäîâàëèñü òåððè- was comparable to that for the Saker (L.I. òîðèè, íà êîòîðûõ âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî îáè- Konovalov, pers. com). The density of Per- òàíèå ñàïñàíà. Íà àâòîìîáèëüíûõ, âîäíûõ egrines registered on study plots (table 2) in è ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòàõ âèçóàëüíî ôèêñèðî- the Abaiskaya and Uimonskaya steppes, re- âàëèñü âñå âñòðå÷è ñ ñîêîëàìè, ïî ñëåäàì spectively, were 0.57 and 1.1 pairs/100 km2. ïîì¸òà âûÿâëÿëèñü ïðèñàäû èëè çàíÿòûå The average density at that territory with re- ñîêîëàìè ãíåçäîâûå ïîñòðîéêè è íèøè íà gard to the study plots where the species Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 99

was not revealed was 0.45 pairs/100 km2. In the Uimonskaya steppe the average distance between nearest neighbors was 11.2±4.76 km (5.8–15.0 km). In the Katun river valley below the Uimon the density was 8.75 pairs/100 km of river. Peregrine breed- ing territories were found in the Republic of Altai in the upper reach of the Anui, Pescha- naya and Sema rivers, however, we failed to perform adequate counts due to the time limit. In the lower reach of the Peschanaya river near the mouth of the Bystraya river two Peregrine nests were found on July 15th, 2002 with distance between them of 3.73 km and density of 20.24 pairs/100 km of river. The density of Peregrines in the North-Western and Central Altai varied from 6.15 to 19.53 pairs/100 km of river, the average density was 8.22 pairs/100 km of river. On the Sem- inskiy range on the Babyrgan Mountain and adjacent part of the Katun river valley the average distance between nearest neighbors was 8.3±4.98 km (range 2.12–5.69 km), with density of 1.07 pairs/100 km2. In the middle Ðèñ. 2. Ó÷¸òíûå ïëî- ñêàëàõ. Äëÿ íàáëþäåíèÿ èñïîëüçîâàëèñü reach of the Peschanaya river the distances ùàäêè. áèíîêëè 12–60x. Ìåñòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ïòèö between three Peregrine pairs were 3.04 Fig. 2. Study plots. è èõ ãí¸çä ôèêñèðîâàëèñü ñ ïîìîùüþ ñïóò- and 5 km, with density of 12.57 pairs/100 íèêîâûõ íàâèãàòîðîâ Garmin è âíîñèëèñü â km of river or 1.13 pairs/100 km2. In the áàçó äàííûõ (Íîâèêîâà, Êàðÿêèí, 2008). middle reach of the Anuy river the distance Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ýêñïåäèöèîííûõ ìàðø- between four Peregrine pairs amounted to ðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëà áîëåå 90 òûñ. êì.  2.78–12.03 km, the average distance was îñíîâíûõ ìåñòàõ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñàïñàíà â 7.8±4.68, the density was 8.47 pairs/100 km ëåñíîé çîíå ðåãèîíà ðàáîòà âåëàñü ïðå- of river. The density on the western ledge of èìóùåñòâåííî íà ìàðøðóòàõ íåáîëüøîé the Baschelakskiy range and steppe foothills ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè, â òîì ÷èñëå íà äâóõ âî- near Ogni village was, respectively, 0.15 and äíûõ ìàðøðóòàõ (ñïëàâ íà áàéäàðêàõ). 0.32 pairs/km2. Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ó÷¸òíûõ ìàðø- On the Biya-Chumyshskaya upland Per- ðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëà 3670 êì.  ðàçíûå ãîäû egrines breed dominantly within 50 km èññëåäîâàíèé çàëîæåíî 43 ïëîùàäêè belt along the Salair Mountains. Here, two îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 49192,4 êì2 (ðèñ. 2), breeding territories 6.58 km away from each ÷àñòü èç êîòîðûõ ïåðåñåêàëàñü (7 ïëî- other were revealed on July 7–8, 2004 with ùàäîê â 1999–2005 ãã. – 32157,8 êì2, density of 14.7 pairs/100 km of river. 18 ïëîùàäîê â 2008 ã. – 12113,5 êì2, 18 In steppe depressions the Peregrine was re- ïëîùàäîê â 2009 ã. – 4921,1 êì2). Îáùàÿ vealed only on 37.2% of all study plots (n=43). ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîùàäü (ïëîùàäü íåïåðåñåêàþ- On the study plots where it was found, its den- ùèõñÿ ïëîùàäîê) ñîñòàâèëà 42657,9 êì2. sity varied from 0.02 pairs/100 km2 (South- Ïëîùàäêè çàëîæåíû ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â Eastern Altai and South-Western Tuva) ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ. Òàêîå áîëüøîå êî- to 1.07–1.13 pairs/km2 (the Uimonskaya ëè÷åñòâî ïëîùàäîê â ñóáîïòèìàëüíûõ äëÿ steppe, the middle reach of the Pescha- âèäà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ îáóñëîâëåíî òåì, naya river, Babyrgan Mountain), averag- ÷òî îñíîâíàÿ ðàáîòà áûëà îðèåíòèðîâàíà ing 0.06 pairs/100 km2. With respect íà âûÿâëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ è ó÷¸ò to the study plots where no breeding äðóãîãî êðóïíîãî ñîêîëà – áàëîáàíà. Òåì Peregrines were found, the density was íå ìåíåå, íà ìíîãèõ òåððèòîðèÿõ ýòè âèäû 0.04 pairs/100 km2. ïåðåñåêàþòñÿ, ïîýòîìó, êàê ìèíèìóì äëÿ In the Minusinskaya depression a breed- ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèí, ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà â ing group with the maximum number of íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ìîæåò áûòü îïðåäåëåíà known pairs remains in the Chulymskaya äîñòàòî÷íî òî÷íî. Ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòè, hallow in the north of the depression. Here, ïîëó÷åííûå íà ïëîùàäêàõ, ýêñòðàïîëèðî- 9 territories were revealed on May 21–26, 100 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

âàëèñü íà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ðåãèîíà, àíàëî- 2000 and May 27th, 2008. The average dis- ãè÷íûå òåì, êîòîðûå âêëþ÷àþò ïëîùàäêè. tance between nearest neighbors 15.1±9.19

 ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ ïðîâîäèëñÿ ó÷¸ò ñîêîëîâ km (n=7; range 4.75–28.31 km; Ex=–1.6). íà àâòîìîáèëüíûõ è ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòàõ íà The density in the Chulymskaya hallow was íåîãðàíè÷åííîé ïîëîñå ñ ôèêñèðîâàíè- 0.15 pairs/100 km2, while a total of 20–22 åì ðàäèàëüíûõ ðàññòîÿíèé äî âñòðå÷åí- pairs are estimated to inhabit the entire íûõ ïòèö. Ýòè äàííûå ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàëèñü northern part of the Minussinskaya depres- íà òå áèîòîïû, ÷åðåç êîòîðûå ïðîõîäèëè sion (13,800 km2). In the southern part of ìàðøðóòû (Êàðÿêèí, 2004). the Minussinskaya depression 2 Peregrine Ðàñ÷¸ò ïðîèçâîäèëñÿ â ñðåäå ÃÈÑ breeding territories were found on July 3–4, (ArcView 3.3 ESRI) íà îñíîâå êàðòû òè- 2008 on the cuesta ridges on the left side ïè÷íûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, ïîäãîòîâëåííîé of the Abakan river near the mouth of the â ðåçóëüòàòå äåøèôðîâêè êîñìîñíèìêîâ Tashtyp river. The distance between pairs Landsat ETM+ è àíàëèçà òîïîãðàôè÷åñêèõ was 3.93 km with density – 0.59 pairs/100 êàðò Ì 1:200000. km2. The number of Peregrines in the south- Ïðè õàðàêòåðèñòèêå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ern part of the Minusinskaya depression on èñïîëüçîâàíû òåðìèíû: the left bank of the Abakan river (3792 km2) – çàíÿòûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê – ó÷àñòîê, íà was estimated as 21–23 pairs, and there is a êîòîðîì îòìå÷åíî ïðèñóòñòâèå ïòèö, âíå strong probability that it was overestimated. çàâèñèìîñòè îò íàëè÷èÿ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ; We found 5 breeding territories (5 pairs/100 – ïóñòóþùèé, ïîêèíóòûé ëèáî ïðåêðàòèâ- km of river) 5.7–26.3 km away from each øèé ñâî¸ ñóùåñòâîâàíèå ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê other in the Yenisei river valley on a 100 km – ó÷àñòîê, íà êîòîðîì ïòèöû ïåðåñòàëè site below Kazantsevo village on June 15th, âñòðå÷àòüñÿ â òå÷åíèå ïîñëåäíèõ òð¸õ ëåò; 1999; May 11th, 2000; and July 13th, 2002. – óñïåøíûé ó÷àñòîê – ó÷àñòîê, íà êîòî- The average distance (n=4) was 14.8±8.53 ðîì îòìå÷åíî óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå. km. We discovered 3 breeding territories Ê çàíÿòûì ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì â ðåãèîíå (5.66 pairs/100 km of river) 2.86 and 21.1 â öåëîì ìû îòíîñèì è òå, êîòîðûå íå ïðî- km away from each other on the Tuba river âåðÿëèñü ïîñëåäíèå íåñêîëüêî ëåò, íî íà on a 53 km site below Kuragino village on ìîìåíò èõ ïîñëåäíåé ïðîâåðêè íà íèõ ïðè- June 23th, 2005. A total of 20–34 pairs (at ñóòñòâîâàëè è/èëè ðàçìíîæàëèñü ïòèöû. average 25 pairs) are estimated to breed Ïèòàíèå èçó÷àëîñü ïóò¸ì àíàëèçà îñòàí- in the Yenisei river valley and its right-side êîâ è ïîãàäîê íà ãíåçäå è ïðèñàäàõ âçðîñ- tributaries in the Minussinskaya depression ëûõ ïòèö (âñåãî 157 îáúåêòîâ) íà òð¸õ (675.7 km). Eventually the number of Per- ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â Òóâå è äâóõ – â Õàêà- egrines breeding in the Minussinskaya de- ñèè â 1999–2000 ãã. pression can be estimated as 61–79 pairs, 68 pairs at average. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü ïî ëè- We found 4 Peregrine breeding territories òåðàòóðíûì äàííûì in the Tuvinskaya depression, two of those Ñàïñàí íàñåëÿåò ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñþ òåð- were revealed in July 1999 on the cliffs of ðèòîðèþ Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè îò ïîëóïó- the Verkhniy Yenisei valley between Shag- onar and Bayan-Kol (Karyakin, 2000), and Ñë¸òîê ñàïñàíà. two territories on June 18–19, 2000 on the Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. cliffs of the Chyrgaky river in its lower reach Fledgling of the and the Khemchik river near the village Peregrine Falcon. Khorum-Dag. The distance between Per- Photo by I. Karyakin. egrine pairs was 23.66 and 10.14 km, the density – 4.37 and 3.73 pairs/100 km, re- spectively. Earlier, the number of Peregrines was estimated as 5 pairs for the Yenisei riv- er valley within the Tuvinskaya depression alone (Karyakin, 2000). A recent estimation of Peregrines breeding on the rivers of the Tuvinskaya depression (270 km) with the average density of 4.03 pairs/100 km of river is 10–12 pairs. No Peregrines were observed in the Ub- sunuurskaya depression during the breed- ing season. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 101

ñòûíü (íà þãå) äî àðêòè÷åñêèõ ïóñòûíü (íà ñåâåðå), îòñóòñòâóÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ëèøü â ðîâíûõ ñòåïÿõ. Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîí ïîëíîñòüþ âõîäèò â ãíåçäîâîé àðåàë ñàï- ñàíà (Äåìåíòüåâ, 1951; Ñòåïàíÿí, 1990).  þæíûõ ðàéîíàõ Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ ñàïñàí – äîâîëüíî îáû÷íûé âèä: ðàñ- ïðîñòðàí¸í ïî äîëèíàì ðåê â ãîðíî- òà¸æíîì ïîÿñå Ñàÿí, íî â âûñîêîãîðüÿõ íå ãíåçäèòñÿ (Áàðàíîâ, 2000). Íà ãíåçäî- âüå íàéäåí â äîëèíå ð. Êàçûð â îêðåñò- íîñòÿõ ñ. Æàðîâñêîå, ó Ãóëÿåâñêîãî ïî- ðîãà; íà ð. Òóáà ïòèöû âñòðå÷àëèñü 25 àâãóñòà (îäíà îñîáü) íàïðîòèâ îñòðîâîâ Ñàìêà ñàïñàíà ó ãíåçäà. Òàñêèí è Îëüãèí è (ïàðà) â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ãîðû Îéõà, 26 àâãóñòà 1994 ã. òðè îñî- Female of the Peregrine Falcon near the áè íàáëþäàëèñü íà ñòðåëêå ðð. Øóøü – nest. Photo by I. Karyakin. Òóáà; äâà ãíåçäà ñàïñàíîâ îáíàðóæåíû íà ñêàëüíûõ ïðèðå÷íûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ ð. Êàí â In the South-Eastern Altai and South- 12–13 êì íèæå ñ. Êàí-Îêëåð, êîòîðûå ðàñ- Western Tuva we noted Peregrines breeding ïîëàãàëèñü â 1,5–2 êì äðóã îò äðóãà, çäåñü rather dispersal, and unlikely being irregu- æå, íà ð. Êàí, ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ íàáëþäàëèñü â lar. The only Peregrine breeding territory in ðàéîíå ïîðîãà Êîìàðîâñêèé 22 ìàÿ è íèæå Tuva was found in cliffs of Khindiktig-Khol óñòüÿ ð. Êàçà÷üÿ 23 ìàÿ 1992 ã.; â äîëèíå lake on June 24th, 2000. Despite the fact ð. Êèçèð ãíåçäîâüÿ èçâåñòíû â ðàéîíå ñ. that Peregrine nesting has been registered Àíäðååâêà, îêîëî Ïîêðîâêè, â îêðåñò- in the Kargy river valley by A.A. Baranov íîñòÿõ Óñòü-Êàñïû è ìåæäó Æóðàâë¸âî è (1991) and V.I. Zabelin (1996), no Peregrine Êîðäîâî; ïî ð. Àãóë ñàïñàíû âñòðå÷åíû was found here in 2000–2008. We noted â óñòüå ð. Êîðîê (ïðàâûé ïðèòîê Àãóëà), â no Peregrines in the Mogen-Buren river óñòüå ð. Óëüêà è â 15–17 êì âûøå Èðáåé- valley as well. In the South-Eastern Altai a ñêîãî; ãíåçäîâàíèå óñòàíîâëåíî â óðî÷è- bird was observed on July 10th, 2000 in the ùå Ïåðåêîï íà ð. Ìàíà (Áàðàíîâ, 1988; lower reach of the Kuraika river and a pair in Âàëþõ, 1996).  ïðåäåëàõ çàïîâåäíèêà the Chuiskaya steppe on June 13th, 2009. «Ñòîëáû» è íà ñîïðåäåëüíûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ A total of 681–1059 pairs (824 pairs at av- ñàïñàí òàêæå îáû÷åí, à ìåñòàìè ìíîãî- erage) of Peregrines are estimated to breed ÷èñëåíåí. Çäåñü âûÿâëåíî íåñêîëüêî ãíåç- in the Altai-Sayan region (table 4). The larg- äîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ýòîãî ñîêîëà ïî äîëèíàì est breeding populations were found in the ðåê Åíèñåé, Ìàíà, Áàçàèõà, Áîë. Ñëèç- Republic of Altai (24.1%), Altai (20.44%) íåâà è äð. (Áàðàíîâ, 2000). Îäèíî÷íûé and Krasnoyarsk (20.19%) Krays. ñàïñàí âñòðå÷åí ó îç. Áåëîå (îêðåñòíîñòè The major part of the known Peregrine äåð. Èâàíîâêà, Óæóðñêèé ðàéîí), à ó ñ. Ìà- breeding territories (with regard to the pub- ëûé Èìûøü îòìå÷åíà ïàðà ïòèö, èìåþòñÿ lished data) is located in the mountain for- ðåãèñòðàöèè â óñòüå Áîëüøîé ðå÷êè íà est zone of the Altai-Sayan region (n=131); ð. Îÿ (Åðìàêîâñêèé ðàéîí), äâà ñîêîëà 55% of all pairs were noted here. At the íàáëþäàëèñü â Óñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå (Áà- same time, a high ratio of falcon observa- ðàíîâ, 1988).  äîëèíå ð. Ñèñèì 22 èþíÿ tions in steppe depressions (32.8%) that are 1960 ã. íàéäåíî ãíåçäî ñ òðåìÿ ïóõîâûìè suboptimal for the Peregrine was connected ïòåíöàìè, â äîëèíå ð. Ìàíû ó ï. Æåðæóë with the purposeful monitoring of the de- 25 èþëÿ 1965 ã. – ãíåçäî ñ äâóìÿ îïåðåí- pressions under the projects on studying of íûìè ïòåíöàìè (Êèì, 1988). Íàáëþäàëñÿ the Saker Falcon and the Imperial Eagle. On íà ð. Áèðþñà, Êðàñíîÿðñêîì âîäîõðàíè- 6% of the plots located in the mountain for- ëèùå è íèæå óñòüÿ ð. Êàí íà Åíèñåå (Áà- est zone, 55% of Peregrine breeding territo- ðàíîâ, 1998). Îòìå÷åí ïî ðåêàì Øèíäå è ries were found. This points to the fact that it Áàëàõòèñîíå (Ñûðîå÷êîâñêèé è äð., 2000). is the mountain forest zone where the major Ðåãóëÿðíî íàáëþäàëèñü ñàïñàíû, îõîòÿ- part of falcons in the region breeds. Despite ùèåñÿ íà ãîëóáåé (Columba livia), íà òåð- poor data of counts, the Peregrine number ðèòîðèè Êðàñíîÿðñêà â ðàéîíå ìåëüêîì- estimation in the region directly indicates áèíàòà (Áàðàíîâ, 2000).  80-õ ãã. ñàïñàí the fact that the major part of regional îòìå÷åí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè êàê ðåäêèé âèä â population is concentrated in the mountain 102 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

forest zone of the Altai-Sayan region, more specifically, 77.18% (fig. 4). The habitat distribution of the nests found is as follows: 74.42% refer to riverine cliffs, 20.93% – the rocks along range ridges and cuesta ridg- es, 4.65% – lakeshore cliffs (table 5). There are data obtained in the region on tree-nesting Peregrines (Baranov, 1991; Vasilchenko, 2003), however, there has been no description of these nests, which gives rise to doubt in the correctness of species determination. According to our observations the Peregrine breeds in the re- gion exclusively on cliffs. The height of nest location varied over a wide range from 0 (cliff foot) to 150 m, and

amounted to 49.2±35.8 (Ex=0.17) at aver- age. The majority of Peregrine pairs (n=43, 48.84%) prefers to nest in the upper third of cliffs. Approximately one third of all pairs (34.88%) breeds in the middle of cliff out- crops. Breeding in nettle bushes at cliff foot and on mountain ridge is known (1 case for each breeding) (fig. 6). The greater part (n=43, 81.4%) of Peregrines nest in niches without any nest construction. We found 16.3% of the nests on open ledges. The use of other birds’ old nests was noted for two Ãíåçäîâûå ñêàëû ñàïñàíà: êóýñòîâûå ãðÿäû â Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå (ââåðõó) pairs only (4.65%). In one case Peregrines è ñêàëüíûå îñòàíöû â îòðîãàõ Êîëûâàíñêîãî õðåáòà íà Àëòàå (âíèçó). occupied an old nest of the Golden Eagle Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. (Aquila chrysaetos) in a niche of cliff outcrop Nesting cliffs of the Peregrine: cuesta ridges in the Minussinskaya depression of the range ridge on Babyrgan mountain in (top) and rocky residues on the outskirts of the Kolyvanskiy range on the Altai (bottom). Photos by I. Karyakin. the Altai Kray. In another case, a very old and strongly damaged nest of the Raven (Corvus corax) in a rock niche on the range cliff near ïðåäåëàõ Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà lake Chernoe in Khakassiya was occupied. â ñêàëàõ ïî òåððàñàì Åíèñåÿ (Ñîêîëîâ è The average clutch size was 3.17±0.98 eggs äð., 1983; Ïåòðîâ, Ðóäêîâñêèé, 1985).  per successful nest (n=6; range 2–4 eggs). íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñàïñàí ãíåçäèòñÿ íà âñ¸ì With respect to published data, the average ïðîòÿæåíèè Åíèñåéñêîãî êàíüîíà: â çà- clutch size (n=8) was 3.38±0.92 eggs. ïîâåäíèêå èçâåñòíû 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà The average egg size was þæíåå âïàäåíèÿ ð. Óñ (65 êì), à íèæå Óñà 53.3±0.85õ40.9±0.09 mm (n=9; range ïî òå÷åíèþ (85 êì) âåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå 52.0–54.9õ40.8–41.1 mm). Close data on ïàð â óñòüÿõ ðåê Ìàäàðëûê, Òåïñåëü, Àí- size of eggs were noted for Taimyr (Koko- òðîïêà; íèæå çàïîâåäíèêà íà ïðîòÿæåíèè rev, 2006): (n=25) 44.8–56.3õ39.0–43.6 90 êì âîäîõðàíèëèùà ñàïñàí ðåãóëÿðíî mm with mass of 44.2–56.0 g. (53.1õ41.9 âñòðå÷àåòñÿ íà Ïàøêèíñêîì è Êàíòåãèð- mm with mass of 50.5 g. at average). ñêîì ïëåñàõ (Ñòàõååâ è äð., 1999). Ïëîò- The average brood size of the Peregrine íîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ ñàïñàíîâ íåðàâíîìåðíàÿ, was 2.67±0.98 chicks per successful nest ÷òî ñâÿçàíî ñ íàëè÷èåì ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ (n=12; range 1–4 chicks). A dead brood ìåñò äëÿ óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä è ñîñòîÿíèåì of two chicks was also found in the Berd’ êîðìîâîé áàçû. Òàê, â ðàéîíå ñ. Êàí- river in the Novosibirsk district (Karyakin et. Îêëåð ãí¸çäà ñàïñàíîâ íàõîäèëèñü íà al., 2005b). With respect to the published ðàññòîÿíèè 1,5–2 êì îäíî îò äðóãîãî, íà data, the average brood size (n=19) was Êàçûðå â 2–5 êì (Áàðàíîâ, 1988). Ïî äîëè- 2.53±1.02 chicks. íå ð. Êàçûð â 1988 ã. ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà The breeding success of the Peregrine in ñîñòàâëÿëà 3–4 ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ ïàðû íà 100 the Altai-Sayan region has not been well êì ðåêè, íà ð. Êèçèð – 3–4 ïàðû, ïî Êàíó studied. Judging by the correspondence be- – 2–3, íà Àãóëå – 3–4 ïàðû, íà Ïåçî – 1 tween inhabited and empty nests we may Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 103

ïàðà íà 100 êì ðåêè (Áàðàíîâ, 1988). Ïî say that at least 70% of the nests were suc- þæíîé ãðàíèöå çàïîâåäíèêà «Ñòîëáû», cessful. â äîëèíå ð. Ìàíû, ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà The feeding of Peregrines in the Altai-Say- â 1983 ã. ñîñòàâëÿëà 1 ïàðó íà 18 êì an region was not particularly different from ðåêè, â 1984 ã. îíà ñíèçèëàñü – 1 ïàðà that in other parts of the species range. We íà 35–40 êì, à â 1985 ã. âíîâü âîçðîñ- noted more than 35 prey species in the diet ëà – 1 ïàðà íà 17 êì; íèæå ïî òå÷åíèþ of 5 Peregrine pairs in Tyva and Khakassiya ïëîòíîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ ñàïñàíà ñîñòàâëÿëà â in 1999–2000. ñðåäíåì 1 ïàðó íà 40–50 êì; â âåðõíåì è In the diet birds common for Peregrine ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Ìàíû, îò ñ. Âûåçæèé breeding territories, i.e. inhabiting wet-lands Ëîã äî ïîñ. Áåðåòü, â 1984 ã. ïëîòíîñòü íà- (43.31%), rocks (5.10%) or valley forests ñåëåíèÿ ñàïñàíà áûëà 0,12 îñîáåé íà 5 êì (15.92%), namely, ducks, gulls (mainly terns), ðåêè èëè 1 ïàðà íà 80 êì; â 1985 ã. îíà âîç- shorebirds, pigeons, crows (Mainly Nut- ðîñëà çäåñü â 4 ðàçà è äîñòèãëà â ñðåäíåì 1 crackers Nucifraga caryocatactes, Choughs ïàðû íà 20 êì ðåêè; íà 240-êèëîìåòðîâîì Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and Jackdaws îòðåçêè äîëèíû ð. Ìàíû â 1985 ã. îáíà- Corvus monedula), and thrushes were ab- ðóæåíî ãíåçäîâàíèå 12 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ (Áà- solutely dominant. Short-Eared Owls (Asio ðàíîâ, 2000). Åù¸ áîëåå îáû÷åí ñàïñàí flammeus) and Kestrels (Falco tinnuncu- ïî äîëèíå ð. Áàçàèõè, ãäå ÷èñëåííîñòü â lus & F. naumanni) were noted in feeding 1983 ã. áûëà åù¸ âûøå, ÷åì íà ð. Ìàíå, almost in every breeding territory, their ra- è ñîñòàâëÿëà 0,7 îñîáåé íà 5 êì èëè 1 tios, respectively, varied from 2.33 to 6.25% ïàðà íà 15 êì, à â 1985 ã. îíà âîçðîñ- (3.82% of all samples) and from 0 to 12.5% ëà äî 1 ïàðû íà 9 êì ðåêè (Ïîëóøêèí, (3.82% of all samples). The feeding of differ- 1988). Åù¸ â 40-õ ãîäàõ ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ent pairs varied notably. In the diet of the ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà áûëà îòìå÷åíà â Peregrines nesting near human settlements íèçîâüÿõ ð. Ìàíû, ãäå ïàðû ãíåçäèëèñü the preferred prey is Rock Doves (Columba èíîãäà íà ðàññòîÿíèè 1–2 êì îäíà îò livia) (55.81%), for birds nesting in cliffs along äðóãîé, è íà Åíèñåå ìåæäó äåðåâíÿìè the banks of small forest rivers (Kopyevskiy Áèðþñà è Åçàãàø, à òàêæå îêîëî äåð. Kupol upland) – ducks (33.33%) and thrush- Äîííèêîâîé (Þäèí, 1952). Ãíåçäèòñÿ es (27.27%), for birds nesting on large high ñàïñàí ïî ðå÷êàì Êàðàóëüíàÿ, Ñîáàêèíà mountain lakes (Khindiktig-Khol’) – gulls â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ã. Êðàñíîÿðñêà: çäåñü ÷èñ- (63.63%) among which the Common Tern ëåííîñòü ñîñòàâëÿëà â 1993 ã. 1 ïàðó íà (Sterna hirundo) dominated (50%) and ducks 15 êì ìàðøðóòà; íà ð. Ñèñèì 2–3 ïàðû (13.64%); the Peregrines nesting in rock mas- íà 100 êì (Áàðàíîâ, 2000; Ñûðîå÷êîâ- sifs of large steppe rivers (the Yenisei river) – ñêèé è äð., 2000). ducks (29.94%) and shorebirds (11.26%). Îäèíî÷íûõ ïòèö îòìå÷àëè â Çàïàäíîì Ñàÿíå, Êóçíåöêîì Àëàòàó è ðåäêî â Ìèíó- ñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå.  Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîò- ëîâèíå â ëåâîáåðåæüå Åíèñåÿ â ïðîøëîì âñòðå÷åí ëèøü â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ îç. Ìàëûé Êûçûêóëü ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 0,5 ãíåçäÿùèõ- ñÿ ïàð íà 100 êì2 (Êîõàíîâñêèé, 1991). Ñ.Ì. Ïðîêîôüåâ (1987; 1993) íàáëþäàë ñàïñàíîâ â Õàêàñèè ïî ïåðèôåðèè Ìèíó- ñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû, íà ðåêàõ Áåëûé è ׸ð- íûé Èþñ è Àáàêàí (êàê ìèíèìóì 10 ìåñò ðåãèñòðàöèè âèäà) è íàø¸ë 4 ãíåçäà, ðàñ- ïîëàãàâøèåñÿ íà òðóäíîäîñòóïíûõ ñêàëàõ. Ïàðà ïòèö ñ ÿâíî ãíåçäîâûì ïîâåäåíèåì ðåãóëÿðíî íàáëþäàåòñÿ íà ó÷àñòêå «Îãëàõ- òû» Õàêàññêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà (Ïðîêîôüåâ è äð., 2000).  70–90-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ â ëåâîáåðåæüå Åíèñåÿ â Õàêàñèè ñàïñàí îòìå÷àëñÿ â ëåñîñòåïíûõ, ïîäòà¸æíûõ è ãîðíî-òà¸æíûõ ëàíäøàôòàõ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 2 1–3 îñîáè/100 êì (Ïðîêîôüåâ, Êóñòîâ, Ãíåçäîâàÿ ñêàëà ñàïñàíîâ. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. 1997). Èçðåäêà ñàïñàí íàáëþäàëñÿ â Ìè- Nesting cliff of the Peregrine Falcons. íóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå è â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Photo by I. Karyakin. 104 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

The fish remains that had been taken away from Black Storks (Ciconia nigra) who were nesting on the same cliff 120 m away from the nest of Peregrines were found in one of the nests in the Yenisei river. The main raptor to limit the Peregrine population in nature is the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) who quite often preys on chicks and fledglings. In 2000, we found last year’s re- mains of the Peregrine chick in the pellets of the Eagle Owl on its breeding territory that was located close to the Peregrine nest in Khakassiya. In 2002, the remains of two Per- egrine chicks that had been eaten by the Ea- gle Owl were found in the Berd’ river in the Novosibirsk district (Karyakin et. al., 2005b). On many cliffs in Khakassiya the Peregrine nests were closely neighboring with living nests of the Eagle Owl or were located in the niches that had previously been occu- pied by Eagle Owls. The predatory pressure from the Eagle Owl on the Peregrine in the region has not been studied. The competition for nesting cliffs between the Peregrine and the Saker is observed, in Ãíåçäîâûå ñêàëû ñàïñàíà íà Åíèñåå â òà¸æíîé (ââåðõó) è ñòåïíîé (âíèçó) which the Peregrine is inferior to the Saker. çîíå. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî. In most cases the Peregrine distances itself Nesting cliffs of the Peregrine on the Yenisei river in taiga (top) and steppe from the Saker by more than 10 km. The (bottom) zones. Photos by E. Nikolenko. nesting distance of less than 10 km away from the Saker was registered for 30.26% Åíèñåÿ (Êóñòîâ, 1982). Peregrine pairs (n=76). The minimum dis-  Òûâå ñàïñàí áûë ðåäîê âñåãäà.  íà÷àëå tances between Sakers and Peregrines var- âåêà âûâîäêè íàáëþäàëèñü ïî Óëóã-Õåìó è ied from 0.83 to 9.45 km and at average Õåì÷èêó, íà ñåâåðíîì ñêëîíå Òàííó-Îëà amounted to 5.08±2.85 km (n=23). Only 4 ó ð. Óðãà-Èëëèê, ãíåçäîâàíèå óñòàíîâëåíî Peregrine pairs (5.26%) noted to nest less â áàññåéíå îç. Óðýã-Íóð â ãîðàõ Áàéðèì than 2 km away from the Saker nest. (Ñóøêèí, 1914; 1938). Ìîëîäóþ ñàìêó èç Habitat changes in the region are so far âûâîäêà äîáûëè 17 èþëÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ unlikely to have a significant effect on the ã. Øàãîíàð (ßíóøåâè÷, 1952). Âçðîñëûé Peregrine since they occur slowly and lo- ñàìåö â ñèëüíî îáíîøåííîì ïåðå ñ ëèí- cally. Death of falcons on 6–10 kV power íûìè ìàõîâûìè áûë äîáûò 19 èþëÿ íà lines definitely plays a role in the decrease áåðåãó îç. Òåðå-Õîëü Ýðçèíñêîãî ðàéîíà in population productivity of the species in (Ôëèíò, 1962).  1969 ã. Ã.Á. Çîíîâ íà- the Altai-Sayan region. This factor started ø¸ë äâà ãíåçäà ñàïñàíîâ ñ ïòåíöàìè íà õð. to be studied in 2009. We found a female Õóðåí-Òàéãà; îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà âñòðå÷åíà bird’s carcass under a concrete electric pole â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Õîíà÷à â Ñàãëèíñêîé äî- of 10 kV power line near Kosh-Agach in the ëèíå 28 ìàÿ 1976 ã.; ñ 1980 ã. â ðàçíûõ Chuiskaya steppe on July 19, 2009. Out of ðàéîíàõ Òûâû áûëî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî 29 39 Peregrines that were recorded in 2009, âñòðå÷ ñàïñàíà, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ïåðè- 15.4% of the birds were observed sitting on îä ïðîë¸òà (Áàðàíîâ, 1991). Íà îç. Õàäûí the electric poles of medium voltage power 7 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1982 ã. â ïàóòèííóþ ñåòü îò- lines, half of those were sitting on concrete ëîâëåíà ìîëîäàÿ ïòèöà, à îñåíüþ 1984 ã. electric poles hazardous to birds. Such fac- – âçðîñëàÿ (Ñàâ÷åíêî è äð., 1986). Ïî äàí- tor as DDT poisoning has recently almost íûì À.À. Áàðàíîâà (1991) ïàðó ñàïñàíîâ lost its relevance. The Peregrine definitely íàáëþäàëè 20 àâãóñòà 1983 ã. íåñêîëüêî suffers from poaching similar to the Saker, íèæå ñëèÿíèÿ ðåê Õàìñàðà è Áèé-Õåì, à however, due to the lower demand for the 26 àâãóñòà 1984 ã. ñàïñàí, íàïàäàþùèé former species in Middle East countries the íà êðàñíîãîëîâîãî íûðêà (Aythya ferina), pressure on it is low. îòìå÷åí â íèæíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Õàìñàðà; The situation with the Peregrine looks Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 105

ïàðà ïòèö âñòðå÷åíà 2 ìàÿ 1984 ã. â much better comparing with that for the äîëèíå ð. Êàðãû â 5–6 êì íèæå ïðîòèâî- Saker in the Altai-Sayan region. The increase ÷óìíîé áàçû (ïòèöû ïðîÿâëÿëè ãíåçäîâîå in Peregrine population in forest steppe and ïîâåäåíèå). Â.È. Çàáåëèí (1996) óêàçû- steppe against the decreased population of âàåò íà ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà â äîëèíå ð. the Saker is observed in the northern and Êàðãû. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äî êîíöà 90-õ ãã. western parts of the region. According to ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ â Òóâå áûëî âûÿâëåíî êàê the data of S.M. Prokofyev (pers. com), the ìèíèìóì 6–7 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñà- Sakers had been breeding earlier on 4 plots íîâ, èç êîòîðûõ íà 2–3-õ ðàçìíîæåíèå out of 17 (23.53%) that we visited in the âèäà áûëî âåðîÿòíî â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿòè- Minussinskaya depression and where the ëåòèÿ.  1999 ã. 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñî- breeding Peregrine was found. Over the êîëîâ, íà êîòîðûõ îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà ñ last few years and only after the Saker has ïòåíöàìè, âûÿâëåíû â çîíå ïîäòîïëåíèÿ disappeared, the Peregrine emerged on the Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêèì âîäîõðàíèëèùåì äî- southern ledge of Kuraiskiy Mountain ridge ëèíû ð. Âåðõ. Åíèñåé (Óëóã-Õåì); îäèíî÷- in the Republic of Altai. íàÿ ïòèöà âñòðå÷åíà â äîëèíå ð. Ñîé 17 Vast taiga areas of the Northern Altai, èþíÿ (Êàðÿêèí, 2000).  1990–2002 ãã. â Kuznetskiy Alatau, Sayans and Eastern Tuva Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî still remain poorly surveyed. The estima- íà ðåêàõ Áèé-Õåì, Õàìñàðà è Àçàñ, âûÿâ- tion of the Peregrine population obtained ëåíî 14 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ, íà (681–1,059 breeding pairs) will be adjusted 6-òè èç êîòîðûõ óñòàíîâëåíî ðåãóëÿðíîå during further research. There is the high ãíåçäîâàíèå ñîêîëîâ (Êàðòàøîâ, 2003).  probability that the number was underesti- äîëèíå ð. Áèé-Õåì áëèç ï. Òîîðà-Õåì mated, so it will increase as new areas of óñïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ the region are surveyed. The status of the èçâåñòíî ñ 1998 ã., â 1999 ã. ãíåçäî ñàï- Peregrine in the Altai-Sayan region is suc- ñàíîâ îáíàðóæåíî âáëèçè óñòüÿ ð. Àê- cessful, no population reduction has been Õåì, îòìå÷åíî ìíîãîëåòíåå ãíåçäîâàíèå observed, and the population is increas- ñîêîëîâ â óðî÷èùå Ýí-Ñóã, ãíåçäîâîé ing in a number of areas of the region. The ó÷àñòîê ñàïñàíîâ, íà êîòîðîì ãíåçäî íå breeding species are under surveillance in îáíàðóæåíî, âûÿâëåí íà ñêàëàõ ãîðû Altaiskiy, Kuznetskiy Alatau, Khakasskiy, Óëóã-Äàã, âûâîäîê ñàïñàíîâ íàáëþäàëñÿ Stolby, and Azas Nature Reserves. 2–5 ñåíòÿáðÿ íà îç. Ìþí-Õîëü, â öåëîì Bird protection measures on power lines ïî ð. Áèé-Õåì ãíåçäèòñÿ íå ìåíåå 5–6 which are hazardous to birds, primarily on ïàð íà ðàññòîÿíèè íå áëèæå 5–8 êì äðóã the steppe depressions of Altai, moun- îò äðóãà; íà ð. Õàìñàðà ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàï- tain part of the Altai Kray, the Kuznetskaya ñàíà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî â 2001 ã. â óð. and Minussinskaya depressions in the Ke- Óëóã-Õàÿ, ñàïñàíîâ íàáëþäàëè 18 èþëÿ merovo district and the Republic of Khakas- 1996 ã. â îêðåñòíîñòè ï. Õàìñàðà è 26 è siya should be recommended as the envi- 28 èþëÿ 2001 ã. â ðàéîíå óñòüÿ ð. Êèæè- ronmental actions that promote population Õåì, 4 ìàÿ è 2 èþíÿ ñàïñàíà âèäåëè íà growth of the Peregrine. ð. Ñîðóã áëèç êîðäîíà çàïîâåäíèêà; íà ð. Àçàñ âáëèçè ãîðû Äåìèð-Ýð ñàïñàíû ñ ãíåçäîâûì ïîâåäåíèåì ðåãèñòðèðóþòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè åæåãîäíî ñ 1986 ã., óñïåø- íîå ðàçìíîæåíèå ñîêîëîâ çàðåãèñòðè- ðîâàíî â ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Àçàñ â óð. Êîø-Òóðóê, ãäå 6 èþëÿ 2002 ã. íàéäåíî ãíåçäî, íà îç. Àçàñ âûâîäêè ñàïñàíà ðåãè- ñòðèðóþòñÿ ñ 1990 ã., 1–2 ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ ãíåçäÿòñÿ â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Àçàñ íà ñåâåð- íîì ìàêðîñêëîíå õð. Óëóã-Àðãà, ãäå îõî- òÿùèõñÿ ïòèö íàáëþäàëè 3 àâãóñòà 1991 ã. è 16 èþëÿ 1995 ã.; ñàïñàíû â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä íàáëþäàþòñÿ òàêæå â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Èëãè-×óë â óð. Õîí è â îêðåñòíîñòè ñ. Àäûð-Êåæèã (Êàðòàøîâ, 2003). Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñàïñàíà â äîëèíå Ñë¸òîê ñàïñàíà. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ð. Êàðãû â 70-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ ñîñòàâëÿ- 2 Fledgling of the Peregrine Falcon. ëà 1,1 îñîáè/100 êì (Çàáåëèí, 1996).  Photo by I. Karyakin. 106 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ëîöåâè÷ 14 ìàÿ 1977 ã. (Áàðàíîâ, 1991), ñêîðåå âñåãî, îøèáî÷íû è ïðèíàäëåæàò áàëîáàíàì, òàê êàê ïðèâîäèìûå èññëåäî- âàòåëÿìè ñðîêè è ñòåðåîòèïû ãíåçäîâàíèÿ íå ñîîòâåòñòâóþò ñàïñàíàì, çàòî õàðàê- òåðíû äëÿ áàëîáàíà. Íà òåððèòîðèè ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé (èç îá- çîðà â Êðàñíîé Êíèãå ÐÀ: Èðèñîâà, 1996) ñàïñàíà íàõîäèëè íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Êó- ðàéñêîé ñòåïè ó Áîðîòàëà, íà ïîáåðåæüå Òåëåöêîãî îçåðà (Ñóøêèí, 1938; Äóëüêåéò, 1949), â Óéìîíñêîé êîòëîâèíå ó óñòüÿ ð. Àê-Êåì (Êó÷èí, 1983), áëèç ñ. Îçåðî Êóðååâî (Ìàëåøèí, 1987), â áàññåéíå ð. Ëåáåäü áëèç óñòüÿ ð. ×èáè÷åíü (Òîêàðåâ, Êó÷èí, 1995), íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà â óð. Êàíàñ (Ìèòðîôàíîâ, 1995), ïî ×óéñêîìó òðàêòó ñåâåðíåå ×è- áèòà (Ìàëêîâ, Ìàëêîâ, 1995). Ïàðû ïòèö âñòðå÷àëè íà Òåëåöêîì îçåðå â óñòüå Êîë- äîðà, íà îç. Áóëàíäó-Êîëü, ó ñ¸ë Îíãóäàé è Àéãóëàê, áëèç îç. Äèøòó-Êîëü, â óùåëüå Êûçûíêîð (Ñóøêèí, 1938), ó Òåíüãèíñêîãî îçåðà è â äîëèíå Óðñóëà ó ñ. Åëî (Êó÷èí, 1983), ó Êàðàêîëüñêèõ îç¸ð (Êó÷èí, 1991), â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Ìóëüòà è â äîëèíå Áîëü- øîãî Óëåãåìà áëèç ïåðåâàëà ×èêå-Òàìàí (Ìàëêîâ, 1979).  äîëèíå ñðåäíåãî òå÷å- Ãíåçäîâûå ñêàëû ñàïñàíà â Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîì Àëòàå íà ð. Êàòóíü (ââåðõó) è â Öåí- íèÿ ð. Êàòóíü ìåæäó ñ¸ëàìè Êóï÷åãåíü òðàëüíîì Àëòàå íà ð. Äæàçàòîð (âíèçó). Ôîòî Ð. Áåêìàíñóðîâà è È. Êàðÿêèíà. è Èíåãåíü â 1989 ã. ñàïñàí âñòðå÷àëñÿ ñ Nesting cliffs of the Peregrine Falcon in the North-Western Altai Mountains on the ïëîòíîñòüþ 1 îñîáü/100 êì2 (Ëèâàíîâ è Katun river (upper) and in Central Altai Mountains on the Dzhazator river (bottom). Photos by R. Bekmansurov and I. Karyakin. äð., 1990). Íà ×åðíèãîâñêîì õðåáòå ýòîò ñîêîë â 1979 ã. íàáëþäàëñÿ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 0,2–0,01 îñîáü/1 êì2 (Öûáóëèí, Áîãîìî- Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ëîâà, 1983).  ïåðèîä ñåçîííûõ ìèãðàöèé ãíåçäîâûìè ó÷àñòêàìè ñàïñàíà íà ðåêàõ ñàïñàíû íàáëþäàëèñü ó ïîñ. Îíãóäàé, ïî ð. ñîñòàâëÿåò îáû÷íî 28–20 êì, âàðüèðóÿ îò Êûçûëîçåê íà Êóðàéñêîì õðåáòå, â ðàéîíå 3 êì íà ð. Àçàñ äî 52 êì íà ð. Õàìñàðà Ñàãðàøà è íà âîäîðàçäåëå ïðèòîêîâ Àðãó- (Êàðòàøîâ, 2003). Ïî ýêñïåðòíîé îöåíêå òà Áîðòóëäàã è Êàèð íà Êàòóíñêîì õðåá- À.À. Áàðàíîâà (1991) â Òûâå â ãíåçäîâîé òå, ó èñòîêîâ ð. Êàðà-Àëàõà, â âåðõîâüÿõ ïåðèîä â 80-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ îáèòàëî íå ð. Êàòóíè áëèç Áåëóõè (Ñóøêèí, 1938), â áîëåå 30–40 îñîáåé.  1999 ã. ÷èñëåí- âåðõîâüÿõ Óðñóëà è Ëåáåäè (Êó÷èí, 1991), íîñòü ñàïñàíà â Òûâå îöåíåíà ìèíèìóì â ïî Áóãóçóíó è Òàðêàòòó (Èðèñîâ, 1981), íà 15 ïàð (Êàðÿêèí, 2000). Ñ ó÷¸òîì ðåçóëü- Òåëåöêîì îçåðå (Ðàâêèí, 1973), â îêðåñò- òàòîâ èññëåäîâàíèé êîíöà 90-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòî- íîñòÿõ Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêà (Ìàëêîâ, Ìàëêîâ, ëåòèÿ, ïðîâåä¸ííûõ â þæíûõ è öåíòðàëü- 1995), íà ð. Àëáàñ, ïðèòîêå ð. Ëåáåäü (Êó- íûõ ðàéîíàõ Òóâû è íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîêå ÷èí, Êó÷èíà, 1995).  70-å ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ ðåñïóáëèêè (â Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå), íà ïîáåðåæüå Òåëåöêîãî îçåðà ãíåçäîâàíèå ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè îöå- ñàïñàíà íå óñòàíîâëåíî, õîòÿ ïòèöû íàáëþ- íåíà â 25–30 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð, 15–20 ïàð äàëèñü ðåãóëÿðíî, êàê â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä, èç êîòîðûõ ãíåçäèòñÿ â Òîäæèíñêîé êîò- òàê è íà ìèãðàöèÿõ: 10 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1971 ã., 9 ëîâèíå, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü â ãíåçäîâîé èþëÿ 1972 ã., 26 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1973 ã., 1 àâãó- ïåðèîä â ðåñïóáëèêå îöåíåíà â 80–100 ñòà è 11 îêòÿáðÿ 1974 ã., 17 ìàÿ 1975 ã., îñîáåé (Êàðòàøîâ, 2002; 2003). 26 ìàÿ, 9 àâãóñòà è 11 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1976 ã., 24 Íàõîäêà ãíåçäà ñàïñàíà ñ ïòåíöàìè àïðåëÿ 1978 ã., 15 ìàÿ è 10 èþëÿ 1979 ã. â ñôîðìèðîâàííîì ãíåçäîâîì íàðÿäå (Ñòàõååâ, 2000). Òàêæå â ñåðåäèíå èþëÿ Â.Â. Ëåîíîâè÷åì â èþíå 1974 ã. è âñòðå÷à 1976 ã. äâóõ îõîòÿùèõñÿ ñàïñàíîâ íåñêîëü- ñàìêè ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäå, ðàñïîëîæåííîì êî ðàç âèäåëè â äîëèíå íèæíåãî ×óëûøìà- íà ëèñòâåííèöå áëèç îç. ×àãûòàé, Í.Ô. Ãî- íà ó óñòüÿ Áàøêàóñà (Ñòàõååâ, 2000). Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 107

Íà Ñåâåðíîì Àëòàå â 1979–1983 ãã. ëåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà, ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûõ ñàïñàí íàáëþäàëñÿ â ñðåäíåãîðíîé íàõîäêàìè ãí¸çä, îñìîòðåíî 1 æèëîå ãíåçäî ÷àñòè ïðîâèíöèè è åãî ñðåäíåëåòíåå (Âàæîâ, Áàõòèí, 2008). îáèëèå, ðàññ÷èòàííîå ïî ìåòîäèêå  1927–1937 ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ ñàïñàí áûë Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèíà (1967), â ñðåäíåì ïî ðå- îáû÷íîé, à ìåñòàìè ìíîãî÷èñëåííîé ïòè- ãèîíó íå ïðåâûøàëî 0,0008 îñîáè íà öåé â Êóçíåöêîé ñòåïè è íà Ñàëàèðå (â îáúåäèí¸ííûé 1 êì2, à ñóììàðíûé çà- ïðåäåëàõ íûíåøíèõ Êåìåðîâñêîé è Íîâî- ïàñ îöåíèâàëñÿ âñåãî ëèøü â 7 îñîáåé ñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòåé); â ïðåäåëàõ Ñàëàèðà (Öûáóëèí, 1999).  Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîì Àë- ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü ÷åðåç êàæäûå 4–5 êì, òàå ïîñëå íàõîäêè Ï.Ï. Ñóøêèíà (1938) à ìåñòàìè íà òàêîì ðàññòîÿíèè ãíåçäèëèñü â Êóðàéñêîé ñòåïè íèêàêèõ ñâåäåíèé î ïî 2 ïàðû (Ñêàëîí, 1927; Õàõëîâ, 1937).  ãíåçäîâàíèè âèäà íå ïîñòóïàëî, èçâåñòíû 2002 ã. íà ð. Áåðäü â ïðåäåëàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî ëèøü âñòðå÷è ñîêîëîâ â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðè- êðÿæà íà òåððèòîðèè Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îá- îä.  ÷àñòíîñòè, ñ 24 àâãóñòà ïî 9 ñåíòÿáðÿ ëàñòè âûÿâëåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñàïñà- 1979 ã. òð¸õ ñàïñàíîâ íàáëþäàëè íà îç. íîâ (3,34 îñîáè íà 100 êì âîäíîãî ìàðø- Äæóëóêóëü, çäåñü æå È.Ì. Îëèãåð âèäåë ðóòà); ïëîòíîñòü ñàïñàíà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ñàïñàíà, ïîéìàâøåãî êåäðîâêó (Nucifraga ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì âñòðå÷, îïðåäåëåíà â 2,5 caryocatactes), 29 àâãóñòà 1979 ã. (Ñòàõååâ, îñîáåé/100 êì2, ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåç- 2000), ïàðà ïòèö íàáëþäàëàñü â äîëèíå Áó- äîâûìè ó÷àñòêàìè ñîñòàâèëî 2,0 è 6,5 êì, ãóçóíà (Èðèñîâ, 1981) è îòäåëüíûå ïòèöû – ò.å., íà îäíó ïàðó ñàïñàíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ â â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè (Ãðàáîâñêèé è äð., 2000) è ñðåäíåì 4,25 êì ðåêè èëè 4,67 êì2 ðå÷íîé â Áåðòåêñêîé êîòëîâèíå (Óêîê) (Áîãîìîëîâ, äîëèíû; ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâà- Èãíàòåíêî, 2008). íèè â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü îöåíåíà â 4–6 ïàð,  ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ èíôîð- à â öåëîì íà ðåêàõ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ ìàöèÿ î ãíåçäîâàíèè ñàïñàíà â íà÷àëå ÕÕ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè – 7–13 ïàð (Êàðÿ- ñòîëåòèÿ èìååòñÿ òîëüêî ó Â.À. Ñåëåâèíà êèí è äð., 2005á). (1928; 1929), êîòîðûé ïðèâîäèò ýòîãî ñî-  Êåìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòè ãíåçäîâàíèå êîëà â êà÷åñòâå ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ äëÿ òåððèòî- ñàïñàíà îòìå÷åíî íà Ñàëàèðñêîì êðÿæå, â ðèè íûíåøíåãî Çìåèíîãîðñêîãî ðàéîíà.  Ãîðíîé Øîðèè ïî äîëèíå ð. Òîìü è â Êóç- 2001–2005 ãã. ñàïñàí âñòðå÷àëñÿ áîëåå èëè íåöêîì Àëàòàó (Ãàãèíà, 1979). Íà ð. Òîìü ìåíåå ðåãóëÿðíî â ãîðàõ è ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àë- â 1984 ã. ãíåçäèëîñü 2 ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ, òàéñêîãî êðàÿ ïî äîëèíàì êðóïíûõ ðåê (×à- ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäÿùèìèñÿ ïàðàìè ðûø, Àíóé – â ëåâîáåðåæüå Îáè, âåðõíåå ñîñòàâëÿëî 10–15 êì (Áåëÿíêèí, 1984). òå÷åíèå ×óìûøà – â ïðàâîáåðåæüå), áåðåãà Âåðîÿòíî, ïàðà ñàïñàíîâ ðàçìíîæàëàñü êîòîðûõ èçîáèëóþò ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿ- íà ñêàëàõ ð. Óñà áëèç Ìåæäóðå÷åíñêà, â ìè, ëèáî ïî îñòàíöîâûì ìàññèâàì Êîëû- ðàéîíå áèîñòàíöèè ÊåìÃÓ Ëà÷èíîâî â òå- âàíñêîãî è Áàùåëàêñêîãî õðåáòîâ: çäåñü ÷åíèå ìíîãèõ ëåò ñ 1978 ïî 1991 ãã. ïàðà áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 9 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, ñàïñàíîâ ãíåçäèëàñü íà ñêàëàõ, 7 ìàÿ ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûõ íàõîäêàìè æèëûõ ãí¸çä (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005à).  äîëèíå ð. Ïåñ÷à- íàÿ ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ðàçíûõ ïàð ñàïñàíîâ ñîñòàâëÿëî 3,73 êì, â äîëèíå ð. Àíóé – 2,9 êì; â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå Àëòàÿ ñðåäíÿÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, ïðè- õîäÿùèõñÿ íà îäíó ïàðó ñàïñàíîâ, ñîñòàâ- ëÿëà 7,12 êì, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå Îáñêîãî ëå- âîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèè îöåíåíà â 72–111 ïàð, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå, ñ ó÷¸òîì ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé, îöåíåíà â 77–121 ãíåçäÿùóþñÿ ïàðó (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005à).  äîëèíå ð. ×óìûø 2 ãíåçäà ñàïñà- íîâ ðàñïîëàãàëèñü â 6,58 êì äðóã îò äðóãà, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå îöåíåíà â 26 ïàð Ïòåíåö ñàïñàíà â ãíåçäå. (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005à). Ïîçæå ñàïñàí îáíà- Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ðóæåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íà Ñåìèíñêîì õðåá- Nestling of the Peregrine Falcon òå – íà ã. Áàáûðãàí â 2005–2007 ãã. âûÿâ- in the nest. Photo by I. Karyakin. 108 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ïîñòðîéêå âîðîíû (Corvus corone), ÷òî ñîâåðøåííî íå õàðàêòåðíî äëÿ âèäà â ðå- ãèîíå, ïðè ýòîì àâòîðîì íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ áîëåå äåòàëüíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î ñòîëü íå- îðäèíàðíûõ íàõîäêàõ.

Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü  õîäå íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé â Àëòàå- Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå âûÿâëåíî 76 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ (òàáë. 1, ðèñ. 3), èç íèõ íà 43-õ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà. Íà 33-õ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ñàïñà- íîâ ãí¸çä îáíàðóæèòü íå óäàëîñü, îäíàêî íà 26-òè ó÷àñòêàõ âñòðå÷åíû áåñïîêîÿùè- åñÿ ïòèöû, â òîì ÷èñëå íà 20-òè – ïàðû, íà äâóõ ó÷àñòêàõ – ñë¸òêè è íà 5-òè ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíû õàðàêòåðíûå ïðèñàäû ñî- êîëîâ, íî ïòèöû íå âñòðå÷åíû, õîòÿ íà äâóõ èç íèõ ñàïñàíû íàáëþäàëèñü ðàíåå (Ñ.Â. Âàæîâ, Þ.È. Êóñòîâ, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùå- íèå).  ÃÈÑ áûëè ïðèâÿçàíû íàõîäêè ãí¸çä è âñòðå÷è ïàð ñàïñàíîâ, èíôîðìàöèÿ î êîòîðûõ äîñòóïíà â ïóáëèêàöèÿõ, êîòîðûå ìîæíî áûëî äîñòàòî÷íî òî÷íî èäåíòèôè- Ãíåçäîâûå ñêàëû ñàïñàíà â ïðåäãîðüÿõ è íèçêîãîðüÿõ Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîãî öèðîâàòü íà êàðòå ïî îïèñàíèÿì àâòîðîâ. Àëòàÿ: íà Ñåìèíñêîì õðåáòå (ââåðõó) è â äîëèíå Êàòóíè (âíèçó). Êîëè÷åñòâî òàêèõ ó÷àñòêîâ â ðåãèîíå – 55 Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. (òàáë. 1, ðèñ. 3), áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü èç êîòîðûõ Nesting cliffs of the Peregrine Falcon in the foothills and low mountains of ëåæèò â ïðåäåëàõ Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ North-Western Altai Mountains on the Seminskiy mountain ridge (upper) and (Áàðàíîâ, 1988; 2000) è Òóâû (Êàðòàøîâ, the Katun river valley (bottom). Photos by I. Karyakin. 2003). Ôàêòè÷åñêè âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ñàïñà- 1993 ã. äâå ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ ïàðû îáíàðóæå- íà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ïðèóðî÷åíû íû â ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. ×åáóëà (Ãàãèíà, ê ñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíèÿì, ïðåèìóùåñòâåí- Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 2000; Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 2004). íî ïî áåðåãàì ðåê, ïîýòîìó åãî ðàñïðî- Íà ð. Ìðàññó âûøå ï. Óñòü-Àíçàñ ñàï- ñòðàíåíèå îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ ïåðåñå÷¸ííîñòüþ ñàí îòìå÷åí 12 àâãóñòà 1994 ã., âåñíîé ìåñòíîñòè è ðàçâèòèåì ãèäðîñåòè. 1995 ã. ïàðà ñàïñàíîâ çàãíåçäèëàñü íà Èç 131-ãî ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà ñàïñà- ñêàëå íà òåððèòîðèè ìóçåÿ-çàïîâåäíèêà íîâ, âûÿâëåííûõ â ðåãèîíå, 55,0% (72 «Òîìñêàÿ ïèñàíèöà» (Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 2004). ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà) ïðèóðî÷åíî ê ãîðíî- Îäèíî÷íûé ñàïñàí, îõîòèâøèéñÿ íà ÷è- ëåñíîé çîíå, 32,8% (43) – ê ñòåïíûì êîò- áèñà (Vanellus vanellus), âñòðå÷åí 25 ìàÿ ëîâèíàì è 12,2% (16) – ê ëåñîñòåïíûì, 1997 ã. íà ð. Èíÿ (Ðÿáèöåâ, Òàðàñîâ, 1999). ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ãîðíûì è ïðåäãîðíûì,  Êóçíåöêîì Àëàòàó ïî ð. Êèÿ (òåððèòîðèÿ ðàéîíàì. Íåñìîòðÿ íà íèçêóþ ñòåïåíü çàïîâåäíèêà «Êóçíåöêèé Àëàòàó») åæåãîäíî îáñëåäîâàííîñòè ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíû, ãíåçäèëèñü 2 ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ, çà 10 ëåò èññëå- ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü äîâàíèé â 90-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ îáíàðóæåíî ðåãèîíàëüíîé ïîïóëÿöèè âèäà ãíåçäèò- 4 ãíåçäà (Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 1999à, á).  èþëå ñÿ èìåííî çäåñü. Íà ýòî óêàçûâàþò êàê 2001 ã. ïðè ñïëàâå ïî ð. Êèÿ îò Ìîñêîâêè äàííûå ðÿäà èññëåäîâàòåëåé (Áàðàíîâ, äî ñ. ×óìàé íà 105–110 êì ó÷àñòêå ðåêè 2000; Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 2004; Êàðòàøîâ, ó÷òåíî 5 ïàð, äëÿ ÷åòûð¸õ èç êîòîðûõ óñòà- 2003; Ïðîêîôüåâ, Êóñòîâ, 1997), òàê è íîâëåíî ãíåçäîâàíèå (Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 2004). íàøè íàáëþäåíèÿ íà òðàíçèòíûõ ìàðø- Î íàõîäêå äâóõ ãí¸çä ñàïñàíà íà ñåâåðî- ðóòàõ ïî Ñàÿíó, Öåíòðàëüíîìó Àëòàþ, âîñòî÷íîì ñêëîíå Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó èìå- Êóçíåöêîìó Àëàòàó è ó÷¸òíûå ìàðøðóòû åòñÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ ó Ñ.Ï. Ãóðååâà (1989). íà Ñàëàèðå.  ÷àñòíîñòè, â íàøèõ èññëå- Ãíåçäîâàíèå äâóõ ïàð ñàïñàíîâ íà Øå- äîâàíèÿõ áèîòîïû ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíû, ñòàêîâñêèõ áîëîòàõ (Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 2003) ãäå âûÿâëåíî 55% ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ âûçûâàåò ñîìíåíèÿ, ò.ê. ãí¸çäà ñîêîëîâ ñàïñàíà, ñîñòàâëÿëè âñåãî 6% îò îáùåé íàéäåíû íà äåðåâüÿõ, ïðè÷¸ì îäíî – â ïëîùàäè îáñëåäîâàííûõ. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 109

Òàáë. 1. Âñå èçâåñòíûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. Table 1. All known breeding territories of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the Altai-Sayan Region.

Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûé ðåãèîí / Administrative Region Íîâîñèáèðñêàÿ îáëàñòü Novosibirsk District êðàé Àëòàéñêèé Altai Kray Êåìåðîâñêàÿ îáëàñòü Kemerovo District Õàêàñèÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà Republic of Khakassia êðàé Êðàñíîÿðñêèé Krasnoyarsk Kray Òûâà Ðåñïóáëèêà Republic of Tyva Àëòàé Ðåñïóáëèêà Republic of Altai

ÍÎ ÀÊ ÊÎ ÐÕ ÊÊ ÐÒ ÐÀ ðåãèîí (âñå Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîíû) àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå Altai-Sayan Region (All adminis- trative regions) Ïëîùàäü (òûñ. êì2) 30.3 95.8 61.7 185.5 168.8 93.1 751.4 Area (thousand km2) Êîëè÷åñòâî èçâåñòíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïî äàííûì íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé 4 20 1 16 11 12 12 76 Known breeding territories following data of our re- search Êîëè÷åñòâî èçâåñòíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïî ëèòåðàòóðíûì äàííûì* 92812655 Known breeding territories following published data* Âñå èçâåñòíûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè 4 20 10 16 39 24 18 131 All known breeding territories

* – òîëüêî òå ó÷àñòêè, êîòîðûå óäàëîñü òî÷íî ïðèâÿçàòü â ÃÈÑ ïî èíôîðìàöèè èç ëèòåðàòóðíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ, êîòîðûå àâòîðàìè íå ïîñåùàëèñü â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèé / only territories that we have been able to link in GIS according to the published data which were not visited by authors during surveys.

Íà Ñàëàèðñêîì êðÿæå ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàï- ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ÷àñòè ðåêè èëè 16,61 êì2 ñàíà óñòàíîâëåíî íà ðåêàõ Áåðäü è ×óìûø. äîëèíû. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ Íà ð. Áåðäü â õîäå ýêñïåäèöèè 26 èþëÿ äëÿ ñàïñàíà ðåê â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðå- – 2 àâãóñòà 2002 ã. áûëî âûÿâëåíî 3 ãíåç- æüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò äîâûõ ó÷àñòêà. Ñàïñàí ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ ñ 106,13 êì (ïëîùàäü äîëèí 193,743 êì2), èç ÷àñòîòîé 3,34 îñîáè (2,51 ðåãèñòðàöèé) êîòîðûõ 69,70 êì (76,67 êì2) ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà 100 êì âîäíîãî ìàðøðóòà. Ïëîòíîñòü íà ð. Áåðäü. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, îáùàÿ ÷èñ- ñàïñàíà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íà ðåêàõ âñòðå÷, îïðåäåëåíà â 2,5 îñîáåé/100 êì2 Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé äîëèíû ïðè ñðåäíåé äàëüíîñòè îáíàðóæå- îáëàñòè äàííûì ìåòîäîì ìîæåò áûòü îöå- íèÿ 1000 ì. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäîâû- íåíà â 7 ïàð, 4 ïàðû èç êîòîðûõ ãíåçäÿòñÿ ìè ó÷àñòêàìè ñàïñàíà íà ð. Áåðäü ñîñòàâ- íà ð. Áåðäü è íà òð¸õ å¸ âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ëÿåò 2–6,5 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=2) 4,25 êì. ïðèòîêàõ, ñòåêàþùèõ ñ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿ- Ò.å., íà îäíó ïàðó ñàïñàíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ æà (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005á). â ñðåäíåì 4,67 êì2 äîëèíû (ïðè øèðèíå  äîëèíå ð. ×óìûø ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê äîëèíû 1,1 êì). Îäíàêî ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ñàïñàíîâ âûÿâëåí 7 èþëÿ 2004 ã. áëèç ó÷àñòêîâ ïî äîëèíå âûãëÿäèò íåðàâíîìåð- ñ. Ñàðû÷óìûø íà ãðàíèöå Êåìåðîâñêîé íî. Îíè ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû íà ïðîìåæóòêå, îáëàñòè è Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Çäåñü ó÷¸ò ñî- ãäå ñêàëû áîëåå âûñîêèå è ïðîòÿæ¸ííûå: êîëîâ â äîëèíàõ ðåê íå îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ, îä- 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà íàêî, ó÷èòûâàÿ ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà ïî äî- ó÷àñòêå ðåêè ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 45,4 êì, ëèíå ×óìûøà â ïðåäåëàõ Áèå-×óìûøñêîé ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíà. Çäåñü èìå- âîçâûøåííîñòè, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü åãî åòñÿ 14 ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, óäàë¸ííûõ áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ðàâíîìåðíîå ãíåçäîâà- äðóã îò äðóãà íà 1,5–6 êì. Ò.å., ¸ìêîñòü íèå ïî âñåé äîëèíå â ïðåäåëàõ Ñàëàèðñêî- ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ òàêîâà, ÷òî ïî- ãî êðÿæà. Ïðèíÿâ âî âíèìàíèå ó÷¸òíûå çâîëÿåò âìåñòèòü äî 7 ïàð, à ðåàëüíî æå äàííûå ïî Áåðäè, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü íà äàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ðàçìåùàåòñÿ 3 ãíåçäîâàíèå 20–25 ïàð íà Ñàëàèðå, 6–7 ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ (42,86% îò îïòèìóìà). Òà- ïàð èç êîòîðûõ ãíåçäèòñÿ â äîëèíàõ ðåê êèì îáðàçîì, ðåàëüíî íà îäíó ïàðó ñàïñà- þãî-çàïàäíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà â ïðåäåëàõ íîâ â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ïðèõîäèòñÿ 15,1 êì Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è 7–11 ïàð – â äîëèíàõ 110 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 3. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. Óñëîâíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ: 1 – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, âûÿâëåííûå â õîäå èññëåäî- âàíèé àâòîðîâ, 2 – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, îïèñàííûå â ëèòåðàòóðå. Fig. 3. Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the Altai-Sayan Region. Labels: 1 – breeding territories found by authors, 2 – breeding territories described in literature.

åò, ÷òî âñå ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû âîñ- òî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó íàñåëåíû ñàïñàíîì. Îñíîâíûå ñâåäåíèÿ î ðåãèñòðàöèè ñàïñàíà â Ñàÿíàõ ïîëó÷åíû ñ åãî ñåâåð- íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà. Çäåñü âèä ãíåçäèòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïî âñåì äîëèíàì ðåê, êàê â Çàïàäíîì Ñàÿíå, òàê è â Âîñòî÷íîì.  Çàïàäíîì Ñàÿíå ïåðâûå äâà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñîêîëîâ âûÿâëåíû íà ìàðøðóòå âäîëü ð. Îíà 12 èþíÿ 2000 ã. Íà äâóõ ñêàëàõ èç ÷åòûð¸õ, ïðîñìàòðèâàþùèõ- ñÿ ñ òðàññû, áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà ñàïñàíîâ. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäà- ìè – 12,2 êì. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 4,26 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. Ïîçæå, à èìåííî 23 ðåê ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà â Êå- èþíÿ 2001 ã., â 19,4 êì îò îäíîãî èç ìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòè. ãí¸çä íà ð. Îíà, íà ð. Êàðàñèáî âûÿâëåí Èç íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ôàêòè÷åñêè âû- åù¸ îäèí ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñàïñàíîâ, ïàëè Ñåâåðíûé Àëòàé è Êóçíåöêèé Àëàòàó. ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûé íàõîäêîé æèëîãî ãíåç-  òà¸æíîé çîíå Àëòàÿ ñàïñàí îáíàðóæåí äà.  Âîñòî÷íîì Ñàÿíå íà åãî ñåâåðíîì íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ëèøü â íåñêîëüêèõ òî÷- ìàêðîñêëîíå 23 èþíÿ 2005 ã. 3 æèëûõ êàõ (Ìèòðîôàíîâ, 1995; Òîêàðåâ, Êó÷èí, ãíåçäà ñàïñàíîâ îáíàðóæåíû íà ñêàëàõ 1995), òåì íå ìåíåå âèä ðàñïðîñòðàí¸í, ð. Ìàíû â 7,34 è 7,69 êì äðóã îò äðó- âèäèìî, ïî âñåì ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûì ìå- ãà. Íà îáñëåäîâàííîì 48-êèëîìåòðîâîì ñòîîáèòàíèÿì Ñåâåðíîãî Àëòàÿ, è áûëî áû ó÷àñòêå ðåêè ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð ïðàâèëüíåå ïðè îïðåäåëåíèè ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíîâ ñîñòàâèëà 6,27 ïàðû/100 êì ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè ñîêîëîâ ðåêè. Èç ïðèâîäèìûõ À.À. Áàðàíîâûì îïèðàòüñÿ íà äàííûå, ïîëó÷åííûå â àíàëî- (2000) äàííûõ ñëåäóåò, ÷òî â 1985 ã. íà ãè÷íûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ Êóçíåöêîãî Àëà- ð. Ìàíà ñàïñàí âñòðå÷àëñÿ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ òàó è Ñàÿíà. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ëèòåðàòóðíûå äàí- 5 ïàð/100 êì ðåêè, à íà ó÷àñòêå Ìàíû íûå (Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 1999à, á; Ãàãèíà, 1979; â ðàéîíå çàïîâåäíèêà «Ñòîëáû» â 1983– Ãàãèíà, Âàñèëü÷åíêî, 2000), â Êóçíåöêîì 1985 ãã. ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî Àëàòàó ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü øèðîêîå ðàñ- 5,0–5,9 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. Íà Êèçèðå â ïðîñòðàíåíèå ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ïî íèæíåì òå÷åíèè ðåêè ïëîòíîñòü ñàïñàíà âñåì ãîðíûì ðåêàì. Íà ð. Êèÿ ñàïñàí íà- ñîñòàâëÿëà 7,55 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. áëþäàëñÿ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 7,14 ïàðû/100 êì  öåëîì äëÿ ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíû Êóç- ðåêè èëè 9,28 ïàðû/100 êì2 äîëèíû. Çäåñü íåöêîãî Àëàòàó è ñåâåðíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà íà ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 15,4 êì2 äîëèíû, ÷òî Ñàÿíà ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î òîì, ÷òî ñàïñàí î÷åíü áëèçêî ê ïîêàçàòåëÿì äëÿ Áåðäè, íî ðàñïðåäåë¸í ïî ðåêàì áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ñ áîëåå ðàâíîìåðíûì ðàñïðåäåëåíèåì ðàâíîìåðíî ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 4,26–7,55, â ïàð ïî äîëèíå ðåêè. Íà âîñòî÷íîì ìàêðî- ñðåäíåì 5,66 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. Ó÷èòû- ñêëîíå Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó ñàïñàí âñòðå÷åí âàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü êðóïíûõ ðåê (äîëèíû íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ïî âñåé ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîé øèðèíîé áîëåå 0,5 êì) äëÿ òà¸æíîé çîíû ïåðèôåðèè ãîð (ñì. ñòð. 115). Âãëóáü ãîð Ñåâåðíîãî Àëòàÿ, Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó è íàì óäàëîñü âûáðàòüñÿ ëèøü íà Áàòåí¸â- ñåâåðíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Çàïàäíîãî è Âîñ- ñêîì êðÿæå, ãäå 28 ìàÿ 2000 ã. ãíåçäîâîé òî÷íîãî Ñàÿíà (3768,1 êì) ìîæíî ïðåäïî- ó÷àñòîê ñàïñàíîâ âûÿâëåí íà ð. Áîë. Åðáà. ëàãàòü çäåñü ãíåçäîâàíèå 188–264 ïàð, â Ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà ïî ïåðèôåðèè ãîð è ñðåäíåì 213 ïàð. Äàííóþ îöåíêó ÷èñëåí- â íèçêîãîðüÿõ íà ìàëûõ ðåêàõ ïðåäïîëàãà- íîñòè âèäèìî ñëåäóåò ñ÷èòàòü ìèíèìàëü- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 111

íîé, ò.ê. îíà ðàññ÷èòàíà ëèøü äëÿ êðóïíûõ ñêîé êîòëîâèíû. Çäåñü ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ðåê ïî àíàëîãèè ñ èìåþùèìèñÿ ó÷¸òíûìè ïàðàìè âàðüèðóåò îò 3 äî 52 êì è ñèëüíî äàííûìè. Òåì íå ìåíåå, àáñîëþòíî òî÷íî çàâèñèò îò íàëè÷èÿ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, ñàïñàí ãíåçäèòñÿ â íèçêîãîðüÿõ è ñðåäíå- êîòîðûõ íà íåêîòîðûõ ðåêàõ êîòëîâèíû ãîðüÿõ ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó (íàïðèìåð, ð. Õàìñàðà) íå òàê óæ è ìíîãî è Âîñòî÷íîãî Ñàÿíà è íà ìàëûõ ðåêàõ è (Êàðòàøîâ, 2003). Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ðó÷üÿõ ñ øèðèíîé äîëèí ìåíåå 500 ì. ÷òî â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå õð. Îáðó÷åâà Ïðè áîëåå äåòàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ äàí- ñàïñàí ãíåçäèòñÿ ñ òîé æå ïëîòíîñòüþ, íàÿ îöåíêà áóäåò êîððåêòèðîâàòüñÿ, è, âè- ÷òî íà ðåêàõ þæíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ñàÿíà äèìî, èçìåíÿòüñÿ â ñòîðîíó óâåëè÷åíèÿ. è Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû, îäíàêî äàííàÿ Þæíûé ìàêðîñêëîí Ñàÿíà íàñåë¸í òåððèòîðèÿ êóäà ìåíåå îáñëåäîâàíà, ÷åì ñàïñàíîì, âåðîÿòíî, ìåíåå ïëîòíî, ÷åì ïðåäûäóùèå. Íàìè 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò- ñåâåðíûé. Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè âûÿâëåíû â êà ñàïñàíîâ, óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðóãà íà êîòëîâèíå îç. Êàðà-Õîëü íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäå 11,5 êì, âûÿâëåíû 28 ìàÿ 2001 ã. íà ñêà- Òûâû: 4 èþíÿ 2000 ã. ãíåçäî ñ êëàäêîé ëàõ Ìàëîãî Åíèñåÿ âûøå óñòüÿ ð. Áóðåí. îáíàðóæåíî íà ñêàëàõ, îáðûâàþùèõñÿ â Ïëîòíîñòü ñàïñàíà â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå îçåðî, à 5 èþíÿ 2000 ã. – íà ñêàëàõ ð. þæíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ñàÿíà, õð. Îáðó÷å- Ìàíàãû â 19,8 êì îò ïðåäûäóùåãî ãíåçäà. âà è Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå âàðüèðóåò îò Ïëîòíîñòü â äîëèíàõ ðåê Ìàíàãû è Êàðà- 1,3 äî 6,15 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè, ñîñòàâëÿÿ Õîëü, âêëþ÷àÿ çàïàäíûé áåðåã îç. Êàðà- â ñðåäíåì 3,05 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. Ìàêñè- Õîëü, ñîñòàâèëà 4,04 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. ìàëüíûå ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòè õàðàêòåð-  äîëèíàõ ð. Êàðà-Ñóã è Àê-Ñóã ãíåçäîâûõ íû äëÿ äîëèíû Åíèñåÿ (Ìàëîãî è Áîëüøîãî ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ íå âûÿâëåíî, òåì íå Åíèñåÿ â Âîñòî÷íîé Òûâå). Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïðîòÿ- ìåíåå, 23 èþíÿ 2001 ã. íà ñêàëàõ ïðàâî- æ¸ííîñòü ðåê, ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñà- ãî áåðåãà ð. Àê-Ñóã âñòðå÷åíà îäèíî÷íàÿ íà (3617,3 êì), åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü â òà¸æíîé ïòèöà, è ýòà âñòðå÷à ïðåäïîëàãàåò ãíåç- çîíå þæíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà Ñàÿíà, õð. Îá- äîâàíèå âèäà. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 1,68 ðó÷åâà è Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå îöåíèâà- îñîáåé/100 êì ðåêè.  äîëèíå ð. Óñ ñàï- åòñÿ â 80–180 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 110 ïàð. ñàí íàáëþäàëñÿ 23 ìàÿ 2001 ã., îäíàêî Êàçàëîñü áû, â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå Òàííó- ãíåçäà òàêæå íå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî. Ïëîò- Îëà, Ñåíãèëåíà è õð. Õîðóìíóã-Òàéãà ñàï- íîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 1,3 îñîáåé/100 êì ðåêè. ñàí äîëæåí ãíåçäèòüñÿ êàê ìèíèìóì ñ òîé  êàíüîíå Åíèñåÿ, çàòîïëåííîì âîäàìè æå ïëîòíîñòüþ, ÷òî è â Òîäæèíñêîé êîò- Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà, ïëîò- ëîâèíå è íà ðåêàõ þæíîãî ìàêðîñêëîíà íîñòü ñàïñàíà âàðüèðóåò îò 2,22 ïàðû/100 Ñàÿíà, îäíàêî çäåñü ýòîò ñîêîë ñòàíîâèòñÿ êì ðåêè íèæå Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêîãî çàïî- êðàéíå ðåäêèì. Íà ïðîòÿæåíèè 133 êì ïî Ãíåçäîâàÿ ñêàëà ñàïñà- âåäíèêà äî 6,15 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè â çà- ðåêàì Ýðçèí è Íàðûí ñàïñàí íàìè íå íà- íîâ íà ð. ×óìûø. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ïîâåäíèêå âûøå Óñèíñêîãî çàëèâà, ñî- áëþäàëñÿ.  äîëèíå ð. Ñîé 17 èþíÿ 1999 ã. ñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 3,75 ïàð/100 êì ðåêè ñàïñàí âñòðå÷åí íà ïðèðå÷íîé ñêàëå.  Nesting cliffs of the Peregrine on the (Ñòàõååâ è äð., 1999; Â.À. Ñòàõååâ, ëè÷- 2001 ã. çäåñü ëîêàëèçîâàí ãíåçäîâîé ó÷à- Chumysh river. íîå ñîîáùåíèå). Ñ àíàëîãè÷íîé ïëîòíî- ñòîê ñîêîëîâ, êîòîðûå ãíåçäèëèñü äî 2005 ã. Photo by I. Karyakin. ñòüþ ñàïñàí ãíåçäèòñÿ íà ðåêàõ Òîäæèí- âêëþ÷èòåëüíî.  2002 ã. ñàïñàí âñòðå÷åí â äîëèíå ð. Øóóðìàê íà ñòàðîì ó÷àñòêå áàëîáàíà, ïîêèíóòîì ïòèöàìè, íî ïîçæå çäåñü ãíåçäîâàíèå ñîêîëà íå óñòàíîâëåíî. Íå íàáëþäàëñÿ ñàïñàí â ëåñèñòûõ óùåëüÿõ ñåâåðíîãî ñêëîíà Òàííó-Îëà, êîòîðûå ìå- òîäè÷íî îáñëåäîâàëèñü â 1999–2001 ãã. Íå âñòðå÷åí ñàïñàí è â äîëèíàõ ðåê Óíãåø è Ýëåãåñò â ïðåäåëàõ ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà Òàííó- Îëà. Åäèíñòâåííàÿ âñòðå÷à ñ ñàïñàíîì ïðîèçîøëà â äîëèíå ð. Óëóã-Õîíäåðãåé 10 èþíÿ 2001 ã., îäíàêî, íåñìîòðÿ íà òè- ïè÷íûé äëÿ âèäà ãíåçäîâîé áèîòîï (ïðè- ðå÷íûå îáëåñåííûå ñêàëû), ìû íå ñêëîííû ñ÷èòàòü ýòó âñòðå÷ó ãíåçäîâîé, ò.ê. ïîçæå çäåñü ñîêîë íå íàáëþäàëñÿ, õîòÿ òåððèòî- ðèÿ ïîñåùàëàñü ðåãóëÿðíî â 2002–2008 ãã. Åäèíñòâåííûé íà Òàííó-Îëà âåðîÿòíûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñàïñàíîâ âûÿâëåí 112 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ãíåçäÿòñÿ áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ðàâíîìåðíî, ÷åðåäóÿñü äðóã ñ äðóãîì. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæ- äó ïàðàìè ñàïñàíîâ çäåñü ñîñòàâëÿåò 8–16 êì, ÷òî ñðàâíèìî ñ ïîäîáíûìè ïîêàçàòåëÿ- ìè äëÿ áàëîáàíà (Ë.È. Êîíîâàëîâ, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå). Íî ïî ìåðå ïðîäâèæåíèÿ íà þãî-çàïàä ïî ãîðíûì ðàéîíàì ñàïñàí íà- ÷èíàåò ÿâíî äîìèíèðîâàòü. Ëèøü â Óñòü- Êàíñêîé êîòëîâèíå ñàïñàí óñòóïàåò áàëî- áàíó, íî â Àáàéñêîé è Óéìîíñêîé ñòåïÿõ áàëîáàí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íå îáíàðóæåí, çàòî â 2009 ã. ëîêàëèçîâàíî 5 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíà. Ïëîòíîñòü ñàïñàíà ïî ó÷¸òó íà ïëîùàäêàõ (òàáë. 2) â Àáàéñêîé ñòåïè ñîñòàâèëà 0,57 ïàðû/100 êì2, â Óé- ìîíñêîé ñòåïè – 1,1 ïàðû/100 êì2.  ñðåä- íåì ïî òåððèòîðèè, ñ ó÷¸òîì ïëîùàäîê, íà êîòîðûõ âèä îáíàðóæåí íå áûë, ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,45 ïàðû/100 êì2.  Óéìîí- ñêîé ñòåïè ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ïàðàìè ñî- ñòàâèëî 5,8–15,0, â ñðåäíåì 11,2±4,76 êì.  äîëèíå Êàòóíè íèæå Óéìîíà ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 8,75 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. Ãíåçäî- âûå ó÷àñòêè ñàïñàíà âûÿâëåíû â ðåñïóáëè- êå Àëòàé â âåðõîâüÿõ ðåê Àíóé, Ïåñ÷àíàÿ è Ñåìà, îäíàêî ïîëíîöåííûõ ó÷¸òîâ ýòîãî âèäà îñóùåñòâèòü çäåñü íå óäàëîñü èç-çà ëèìèòà âðåìåíè.  íèçîâüÿõ ð. Ïåñ÷àíîé áëèç óñòüÿ ð. Áûñòðàÿ 15 èþëÿ 2002 ã. îá- íàðóæåíû 2 ãíåçäà ñàïñàíîâ, ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó êîòîðûìè ñîñòàâèëî 3,73 êì, ïëîò- íîñòü – 20,24 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. Ïëîòíîñòü ñàïñàíà â Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîì è Öåíòðàëüíîì Àëòàå âàðüèðóåò îò 6,15 äî Ãíåçäîâûå ñêàëû ñàïñàíà íà ñåâåðíîì (ââåðõó) è þæíîì ìàêðîñêëîíå Ñàÿíà 19,53 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåä- (âíèçó). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. íåì 8,22 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. Ìàêñèìàëü- Nisting rocks of the Peregrine on the northern (upper) and southern macroslope of íûå ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòè õàðàêòåðíû äëÿ the Sayan (bottom). Photos by I. Karyakin. äîëèíû Êàòóíè è íèçîâèé å¸ êðóïíûõ ïðè- òîêîâ. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ðåê, ãíåç- Ë.È. Êîíîâàëîâûì 29 ìàÿ 2000 ã. â äîëèíå äîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíà (2599,9 êì), åãî ð. Øóé (ëåâûé ïðèòîê ð. Áàðëûê) – çäåñü ÷èñëåííîñòü â äàííîì ðàéîíå îöåíèâàåòñÿ âñòðå÷åíà áåñïîêîèâøàÿñÿ íàä ñêàëàìè â 160–289 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 214 ïàð. Ïðè ýêñ- ïòèöà. Âñå âûøåïðèâåäåííûå äàííûå óêà- òðàïîëÿöèè äàííûõ ïî ïëîòíîñòè ñàïñàíà çûâàþò íà òî, ÷òî ñàïñàí íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ õà- (0,45 ïàð/100 êì2) ñ ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê íà ðàêòåðíûì ãíåçäÿùèìñÿ âèäîì Òàííó-Îëà ïëîùàäü ïðèðîäíîãî ðàéîíà, îãðàíè÷åí- è ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíû þãî-âîñòîêà Òûâû, íóþ ïî âûñîòíîìó äèàïàçîíó (47074,1 êì2, åãî ðàçìíîæåíèå çäåñü íîñèò, ñêîðåå 93,42% îò ïëîùàäè ðàéîíà), îöåíêà ÷èñëåí- âñåãî, ñëó÷àéíûé õàðàêòåð, à ÷èñëåííîñòü íîñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò 142–233 ïàðû, â ñðåäíåì âðÿä ëè ïðåâûøàåò 5 ïàð. 194 ïàðû. Öèôðû ïîëó÷àþòñÿ áëèçêèìè, Öåíòðàëüíûé è Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíûé Àëòàé ÷òî, âèäèìî, ãîâîðèò îá èõ äîñòàòî÷íî íà- äîñòàòî÷íî ñèëüíî îáëåñåíû, îäíàêî ìíî- äåæíîé òî÷íîñòè. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ó÷èòûâàÿ ãèå øèðîêèå äîëèíû ðåê çäåñü îñòåïíåíû, áîëåå íàäåæíóþ òî÷íîñòü îöåíêè ÷èñëåí- ïîýòîìó òåððèòîðèÿ áëàãîïðèÿòíà êàê äëÿ íîñòè äëÿ ðåê è ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà íà ñêà- ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñàïñàíà, òàê è äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ëàõ âíå ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü áàëîáàíà. Çäåñü ñàïñàí ãíåçäèòñÿ íå òîëü- ãíåçäîâàíèå â Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîì è Öåíòðàëü- êî íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ, íî è íà ñêàëüíûõ íîì Àëòàå 200–300 ïàð, èç êîòîðûõ 60–90 îáíàæåíèÿõ ïî ñêëîíàì è âåðøèíàì íå- ïàð ãíåçäèòñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è áîëüøèõ õðåáòîâ íà âûñîòàõ äî 1800 ì íàä 140–210 ïàð – â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé. óðîâíåì ìîðÿ.  äîëèíå Êàòóíè ýòè âèäû  ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ ñàïñàí Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 113

Òàáë. 2. Ðåçóëüòàòû ó÷¸òà ñàïñàíà íà ïëîùàäêàõ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. ñòè, ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà íà ñêàëüíûõ ãðÿ- Íóìåðàöèÿ ïëîùàäîê â òàáëèöå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè íà ðèñ. 2. äàõ Êîëûâàíñêîãî õðåáòà óñòàíîâëåíî 28 Table 2. Results of the Peregrine counts on plots in the Altai-Sayan region. èþëÿ 2003 ã., íà Áàùåëàêñêîì õðåáòå – 2 Numbers of plots in the table are similar ones in the fig. 2. èþíÿ 2009 ã., íà Ñåìèíñêîì õðåáòå – 16– 18 ìàÿ 2009 ã. Íà Ñåìèíñêîì õðåáòå íà Êîëè÷åñòâî ã. Áàáûðãàí è ïðèëåãàþùåé ÷àñòè äîëèíû èçâåñòíûõ ó÷àñòêîâ Êàòóíè ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäàìè ñàï- ïî äàííûì ñàíà ñîñòàâèëî 2,12–5,69 êì, â ñðåäíåì èññëåäîâàíèé 8,3±4,98 êì, ïëîòíîñòü – 1,07 ïàðû/100 àâòîðîâ Ïëîòíîñòü êì2.  ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ ðàñ- Known breeding (ïàð/100 êì2) ñòîÿíèå ìåæäó òðåìÿ ïàðàìè ñàïñàíîâ territories follow- Density ñîñòàâèëî 3,04 è 5 êì, ïëîòíîñòü 12,57 Ïëîùàäêà Ïëîùàäü ing data of our (pairs/100 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè èëè 1,13 ïàðû/100 êì2. 2 Plots Area research km )  ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Àíóé ðàññòîÿíèå 2 2358.8 2 0.08 ìåæäó ÷åòûðüìÿ ïàðàìè ñàïñàíîâ ñîñòà- 1, 9 5922.6 9 0.15 âèëî 2,78–12,03 êì, â ñðåäíåì 7,8±4,68 êì, ïëîòíîñòü – 8,47 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. Ïëîò- 11 353.9 2 0.57 íîñòü íà çàïàäíîì øëåéôå Áàùåëàêñêîãî 6, 23 3563.9 1 0.03 õðåáòà ñîñòàâèëà 0,15 ïàðû/100 êì2, â 13 6601.7 1 0.02 ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ áëèç ñ. Îãíè – 0,32 2 39 266.6 3 1.13 ïàðû/100 êì . Ïðè ñðåäíåé ïëîòíîñòè 9,85 ïàðû/100 êì íà ó÷àñòêàõ ðåê, ãíåçäîïðè- 43 678.3 1 0.15 ãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíà, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 200 êì, 42 315.6 1 0.32 ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ 17–25 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 38 279.6 3 1.07 20 ïàð. Ïðè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè äàííûõ ïî 2 36 131.1 1 0.76 ïëîòíîñòè ñàïñàíà (0,52 ïàðû/100 êì ) ñ ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê íà ïëîùàäü ïðèðîäíî- 35 348.9 1 0.29 ãî ðàéîíà, îãðàíè÷åííóþ íåïðåðûâíûìè 34 1883.8 1 0.05 ó÷àñòêàìè ïëàêîð (11081,36 êì2, 37,84% 31 174.8 1 0.57 îò ïëîùàäè ðàéîíà), îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè 30 454.9 5 1.10 ñîñòàâëÿåò 45–79 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 58 ïàð. Äàííàÿ îöåíêà âûøå òîé, ÷òî ïîëó÷åíà 7, 24, 26 4236.1 1 0.02 äëÿ ðåê ïðèðîäíîãî ðàéîíà, ÷òî, âèäèìî, 28 306.4 1 0.33 îòðàæàåò ñèòóàöèþ ñ ãíåçäîâàíèåì 65% Âñåãî (áåç ó÷¸òà ïàð ñàïñàíîâ íà ñêàëàõ âíå ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, ïëîùàäîê, íà õîòÿ â õîäå ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé òàêèå êîòîðûõ âèä íå ïàðû âûÿâëÿëèñü çíà÷èòåëüíî ðåæå (n=16, îáíàðóæåí) 27877.0 16 0.06 31,25%) èç-çà áîëüøåé ñëîæíîñòè èõ âû- Total (without plots ÿâëåíèÿ, â îòëè÷èå îò ïàð, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà where the species ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ (68,75%). was not found)  2005 ã. ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà äëÿ ãîðíî- Âñåãî (ñ ó÷¸òîì ëåñíîé çîíû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (ñþäà æå ïëîùàäîê, íà áûëè ñóììèðîâàíû äîëèíû ×àðûøà, Àíóÿ êîòîðûõ âèä íå è Ïåñ÷àíîé, â ïðåäåëàõ çîíû ëåñîñòåïíûõ îáíàðóæåí) 42657.92 16 0.04 ïðåäãîðèé) íà îñíîâàíèè ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ Total (including plots where the species ïî Ïåñ÷àíîé è Àíóþ (ñðåäíÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü was not found) 14,04 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè) áûëà îöåíå- íà â 72–111 ïàð (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005à). ãíåçäèòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî ðàâíîìåðíî ïî îáëå- Ñîâðåìåííàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ ïî ðàñïðî- ñåííûì äîëèíàì ðåê, îäíàêî, ïî ìåðå ïà- ñòðàíåíèþ è ïëîòíîñòè íà ãíåçäîâàíèè äåíèÿ äîëè ëåñèñòîñòè, ïàäàåò è ïëîòíîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòî- âèäà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè. Õîòÿ ñîêîë è ïðî- ðèè ïîçâîëÿåò ãîâîðèòü î òîì, ÷òî äàííàÿ äîëæàåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ îöåíêà áûëà íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåíà, îäíàêî âïëîòü äî Ïðåäàëòàéñêîé ðàâíèíû, çäåñü â öåëîì ïî ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü íåâûñîêà.  ëåñîñòåïíûõ îíà ñèòóàöèè íå ìåíÿåò, ò.ê. îöåíêà ÷èñ- è ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ëåííîñòè â 5–10 ïàð äëÿ ïîëîñû ëåñîñòåï- ñóùåñòâåííî áîëüøå ïàð ñàïñàíîâ, ÷åì â íûõ è ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé (áåç ó÷¸òà äîëèí ëåñíîé çîíå Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé, ãíåçäèòñÿ ×àðûøà, Àíóÿ è Ïåñ÷àíîé) íà òîò ïåðèîä íà ñêàëàõ ïî âåðøèíàì õðåáòîâ.  ÷àñòíî- áûëà ñèëüíî çàíèæåíà.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ 114 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ðåíöèþ ñ áàëîáàíîì çà ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ è ïðîèãðûâàåò ïîñëåäíåìó.  ÷àñòíîñòè, â ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ ñ âûñîêîé ïëîòíîñòüþ áàëîáàíà ñàïñàí ëèáî âîîáùå íå îáíàðó- æåí (Óáñóíóðñêàÿ è Óðýãíóðñêàÿ êîòëîâè- íû), ëèáî ãíåçäèòñÿ ñïîðàäè÷íî èëè íåðå- ãóëÿðíî (×óéñêàÿ ñòåïü, Êóðàéñêàÿ ñòåïü, Áåðòåêñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà).  ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ ñàïñàí âûÿâëåí ëèøü íà 37,2% ïëîùàäîê (n=43). Íà ïëî- ùàäêàõ, ãäå îí îáíàðóæåí (òàáë. 2, ðèñ. 2), åãî ïëîòíîñòü âàðüèðóåò îò 0,02 ïàðû/100 êì2 (Þãî-Âîñòî÷íûé Àëòàé è Þãî-Çàïàäíàÿ Òûâà) äî 1,07–1,13 ïàðû/100 êì2 (Óéìîí- ñêàÿ ñòåïü, ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ, ã. Áàáûðãàí), ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 0,06 ïàð/100 êì2. Ñ ó÷¸òîì ïëîùàäîê, íà êîòî- Ñàïñàí. â ãîðàõ Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ â ïðåäåëàõ ðûõ ñàïñàí íå îáíàðóæåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè, Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,04 ïàðû/100 êì2. Peregrine Falcon. ãíåçäîâàíèè îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 105–169 ïàð, Äàííûå ïîêàçàòåëè íåñîìíåííî íåëüçÿ Photo by I. Karyakin. â ñðåäíåì 133 ïàðû. ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü íà âñå ñòåïíûå êîòëîâè-  ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ ðåãèîíà (Áèå- íû è ëåñîñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ è íèçêîãîðüÿ ×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü, À÷èíñêàÿ è ðåãèîíà èç-çà èõ ñèëüíîé áèîòîïè÷åñêîé Êðàñíîÿðñêàÿ ëåñîñòåïè) ïðèñóòñòâèå íåîäíîðîäíîñòè, òåì íå ìåíåå ÷èñëåí- ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè îïðåäåëÿåò â íîñòü äëÿ ñòåïíûõ è ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàéî- îñíîâíîì áëèçîñòü ãîð è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, íîâ ðåãèîíà (ïëîùàäüþ 275,35 òûñ. êì2), íàëè÷èå ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Íà Áèå- â 70–150 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 110 ïàð, ìîæíî ×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè âèä ãíåçäèòñÿ ñ÷èòàòü íåêîé îòïðàâíîé òî÷êîé. â îñíîâíîì â 50-òè-êèëîìåòðîâîé ïîëîñå Íåáîëüøèå ñòåïíûå êîòëîâèíû Àëòàÿ âäîëü Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Çäåñü 7–8 èþëÿ ìû ðàññìàòðèâàëè âíóòðè êðóïíîãî ïðè- 2004 ã. âûÿâëåíî 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà, óäà- ðîäíîãî ðàéîíà «Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíûé è ë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðóãà íà 6,58 êì, ïëîòíîñòü Öåíòðàëüíûé Àëòàé», ò.ê. â ïëîòíîñòè ðàñ- íà îñìîòðåííîì ó÷àñòêå ðåêè ñîñòàâèëà ïðåäåëåíèÿ ñàïñàíà â ýòèõ êîòëîâèíàõ è 14,7 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè. ×èñëåííîñòü äëÿ íà ðåêàõ â ëåñíîì ïîÿñå äàííîãî ðàéîíà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè, âêëþ÷àÿ îñîáîé ðàçíèöû çàìå÷åíî íå áûëî. Îò- ïåðèôåðèþ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, íî áåç äåëüíî ìû áóäåì ðàññìàòðèâàòü è ×óé- ó÷¸òà åãî ïîëíîñòüþ ëåñíûõ ðàéîíîâ, îöå- ñêóþ, è Êóðàéñêóþ ñòåïè, âõîäÿùèå â ïðè- íåíà â 20 ïàð.  À÷èíñêîé ëåñîñòåïè ñàï- ðîäíûé ðàéîí «Þãî-Âîñòî÷íûé Àëòàé è ñàí ñâÿçàí â îñíîâíîì ñ äîëèíîé ×óëûìà, Þãî-Çàïàäíàÿ Òûâà». Çäåñü æå êîñí¸ìñÿ ãäå èìåþòñÿ ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ. Çäåñü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ñàïñàíà â êðóïíûõ ñòåï- âûÿâëåí åäèíñòâåííûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê, íûõ êîòëîâèíàõ. ïîýòîìó ìîæíî ëèøü ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåç-  Êóçíåöêîé êîòëîâèíå èçâåñòíî ãíåç- äîâàíèå 4–8 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ. Àíàëîãè÷íûì äîâàíèå ñàïñàíà íà ð. Òîìü è ïðåäïîëà- îáðàçîì âûãëÿäèò ñèòóàöèÿ ñ ñàïñàíîì â ãàåòñÿ íà ð. Èíÿ. Ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê, íå Êðàñíîÿðñêîé ëåñîñòåïè, ãäå îñíîâíûì ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûé íàõîäêîé ãíåçäà, íà êî- ðàéîíîì åãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ äîëèíà òîðîì ðåãóëÿðíî â òå÷åíèå ðÿäà ëåò íàìè ð. Êàí. Çäåñü ñàïñàíû íàáëþäàëèñü ó Èâà- è äðóãèìè èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè (À.Â. Äóáûíèí, íîâêè è ×àðãè, ãäå èõ ãíåçäîâàíèå âåñüìà ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå) îòìå÷àëèñü âçðîñëûå âåðîÿòíî.  ïðåäåëàõ îãðàíè÷åííîé äîëè- ïòèöû ñ ãíåçäîâûì ïîâåäåíèåì, âïåðâûå íîé Êàíà òåððèòîðèè ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü âûÿâëåí 3 èþíÿ 2004 ã. áëèç ñ. Áîëîòíîå ãíåçäîâàíèå 8–10 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ. è ïîñåùàëñÿ â 2005 è 2008 ãã. Ó÷¸òíûìè  ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ ñàïñàí ãíåçäèòñÿ äàííûìè äëÿ Êóçíåöêîé êîòëîâèíû ìû íå ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïî èõ ïåðèôåðèè (×ó- ðàñïîëàãàåì, ïîýòîìó çäåñü ìîæíî ëèøü ëûìñêàÿ âïàäèíà â Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëî- ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåçäîâàíèå 10–15 ïàð íà âèíå, Óéìîíñêàÿ ñòåïü) ëèáî â ñêàëüíûõ îñíîâàíèè àíàëèçà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèî- ìàññèâàõ êðóïíûõ ðåê, ðàññåêàþùèõ ïî òîïîâ, àíàëîãè÷íûõ òåì, â êîòîðûõ óñòà- öåíòðó ýòè êîòëîâèíû (Åíèñåé â Ìèíóñèí- íîâëåíî ãíåçäîâàíèå äâóõ ïàð. ñêîé êîòëîâèíå, Òîìü â Êóçíåöêîé êîòëî-  Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå ñàïñàí ãíåç- âèíå). Çäåñü âèä âñòóïàåò â æ¸ñòêóþ êîíêó- äèòñÿ ïî âñåé ïåðèôåðèè Êóçíåöêîãî Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 115

Òàáë. 3. Ðåçóëüòàòû ðàñ÷¸òà ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà íà ðåêàõ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà. Íóìåðàöèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ â òàáëèöå ñîîò- âåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè íà ðèñ. 1. Table 3. Results of the calculation of the Peregrine number on rivers of the Altai-Sayan Region. Numbers of nature regions in the table are similar ones in the fig. 1.

Äëèíà ðåê Ïëîòíîñòü Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè (â (êì) (ïàð/100 êì ðåêè) ïàðàõ) Ïðèðîäíûé ðàéîí Length of Density (pairs/100 Estimated numbers ¹ Nature region rivers (km) km of river) (pairs) 4 Ñàëàèðñêèé êðÿæ 308.0 6.67 21 (20–22) Salair Mountains 1, Êóçíåöêèé Àëàòàó, Ñåâåðíûé Ñàÿí, Ñåâåðíûé Àëòàé 2, Kuznetskiy Alatau Mountains, Northern Sayan Moun- 3768.1 5.66 213 (188–264) 3 tains, Northern Altai Mountains 1, Þæíûé Ñàÿí, Òîäæèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà, õð. Îáðó÷åâà 5, Southern Sayan Mountains, Todzhinskaya Depression, 3617.3 3.05 110 (80–180) 8 Obrucheva Mountains 9 Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíûé è Öåíòðàëüíûé Àëòàé 2599.9 8.22 214 (160–289) North-Western and Central Altai 6, Òàííó-Îëà è Ñåíãèëåí 932.5 0.35 3 (1–5) 7 Tannu-Ola Mountains, Sengilen Mountains 17 Ïðåäãîðüÿ è íèçêîãîðüÿ Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ 200.1 9.85 20 (17–25) North-Western Altai Mountains 16 Áèå-×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü 135.2 14.7 20 Biya-Chumyshskaya Upland 19 Ìèíóñèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà / Minussinskaya Depression 1598.3 3.77 60 (48–80) 22 Òóâèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà / Tuvinskaya Depression 270.0 4.03 11 (10–12) Âñåãî 557 (403–671) 13429.4 4.15 Total 672 (524–876)*

* – ñóììà îöåíîê ÷èñëåííîñòè / sum of estimated numbers

Àëàòàó, â äîëèíå Åíèñåÿ è åãî ïðàâîáå- áëþäàåòñÿ äâà äèàïàçîíà äèñòàíöèé: ïåð- ðåæíûõ ïðèòîêîâ, íà ïîñëåäíèõ òÿãîòåÿ âûé – îò 4,75 äî 8,66 êì, õàðàêòåðíûé äëÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ê 50-òè-êèëîìåòðîâîé ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé íåáîëüøèõ ðå÷åê, ïîëîñå âäîëü ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíû Ñàÿíà. ðàññåêàþùèõ èçîëèðîâàííûå îáëåñåí- Òåððèòîðèÿ êðàéíå íåîäíîðîäíà, ïðè íûå âîçâûøåííîñòè (Êîïüåâñêèé êóïîë) ýòîì âèä çäåñü ãíåçäèòñÿ è âíå ðå÷íûõ äî- èëè êðóïíûõ ðåê, ñòåêàþùèõ ñî ñêëîíîâ ëèí, ïîýòîìó ïåðåñ÷¸ò ïîêàçàòåëåé ïëîò- Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó (׸ðíûé Èþñ, Áåëûé íîñòè íà ðåêàõ (3,77 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè), Èþñ), âòîðîé – îò 17,21 äî 28,31 êì, õà- ïîëó÷åííûõ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â ïðàâî- ðàêòåðíûé äëÿ êóýñòîâûõ ãðÿä íàä îç¸ðà- áåðåæüå Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû, íà ìè è áîëîòàìè. Âî âòîðîì òèïå áèîòîïîâ âñþ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñàí êîíêóðèðóåò çà ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñàïñàíà ðåê â êîòëîâèíå (1598,3 êì) äà¸ò ñ áàëîáàíîì è èñïûòûâàåò õèùíè÷åñêèé íå ñîâñåì êîððåêòíóþ îöåíêó (48–80, â ïðåññ ôèëèíà, ïîýòîìó âûíóæäåí äèñòàí- ñðåäíåì 60 ïàð) (òàáë. 3). Áîëåå êîððåêò- öèðîâàòüñÿ îò íèõ, òåì ñàìûì íåðàâíî- íûå öèôðû ïîëó÷àþòñÿ ïðè ðàçäåëüíîé ìåðíî ðàñïðåäåëÿÿñü ïî ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûì ýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ïîêàçàòåëåé ïëîòíîñòè, ñêàëàì. Ïëîòíîñòü â ×óëûìñêîé âïàäèíå ïîëó÷åííûõ íà ðàçíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ êîòëîâè- ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,15 ïàðû/100 êì2, à ÷èñëåí- íû, íà ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèå ó÷àñòêè. íîñòü äëÿ âñåé ñåâåðíîé ÷àñòè Ìèíóñèí- Ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà ñ íàèáîëüøèì ñêîé êîòëîâèíû (13800 êì2) îöåíèâàåòñÿ êîëè÷åñòâîì èçâåñòíûõ ïàð ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ â 20–22 ïàðû. â ×óëûìñêîé âïàäèíå íà ñåâåðå êîòëî-  þæíîé ÷àñòè Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû âèíû. Çäåñü 21–26 ìàÿ 2000 ã. âûÿâëå- 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñàïñàíîâ âûÿâëåíû íî 8 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ, à 27 3–4 èþëÿ 2008 ã. íà êóýñòîâûõ ãðÿäàõ â ëå- ìàÿ 2008 ã. îáíàðóæåí 9-é ó÷àñòîê. Ðàñ- âîáåðåæüå Àáàêàíà áëèç óñòüÿ ð. Òàøòûï. ñòîÿíèå ìåæäó ïàðàìè âàðüèðóåò îò 4,75 Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ïàðàìè ñîñòàâèëî äî 28,31 êì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (n=7) 3,93 êì, à ïëîòíîñòü ïî ó÷¸òó íà ìàðø- 2 15,1±9,19 êì (Ex=–1,6).  âûáîðêå íà- ðóòàõ – 0,59 ïàðû/100 êì . ×èñëåííîñòü 116 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ñàìåö ñàïñàíà â äî- ïðèäîëèííûõ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé, íî ëèíå ×óè áëèç ñ. Êîø- ñàïñàíà âñòðåòèòü íå óäàëîñü.  ñâåòå ýòî- Àãà÷. 13.06.2009 ã. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ãî ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåçäîâàíèå â Òó- ðàíñêîé êîòëîâèíå íå áîëåå 3-õ ïàð ñàï- Male of the Peregrine Falcon in the Chuya ñàíîâ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïî ïåðèôåðèè river valley near Kosh- êîòëîâèíû. Agach. 13/06/2009.  Òóâèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå âûÿâëåíî 4 ãíåç- Photo by I. Karyakin. äîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñàïñàíîâ, äâà èç êîòîðûõ îáíàðóæåíû â èþëå 1999 ã. íà ñêàëàõ äî- ëèíû ð. Âåðõ. Åíèñåé íà ó÷àñòêå Øàãîíàð – Áàÿí-Êîë (Êàðÿêèí, 2000) è 2 ó÷àñòêà – 18–19 èþíÿ 2000 ã. íà ñêàëàõ ð. ×ûðãàêû â å¸ íèæíåì òå÷åíèè è ñêàëàõ ð. Õåì÷èê áëèç ñ. Õîðóì-Äàã. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ïà- ðàìè ñàïñàíîâ ñîñòàâèëî 23,66 è 10,14 êì, ïëîòíîñòü – 4,37 è 3,73 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ðàíåå ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà òîëüêî äëÿ äîëèíû Åíèñåÿ â ïðå- äåëàõ Òóâèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû îöåíåíà â 5 ïàð (Êàðÿêèí, 2000). Ñîâðåìåííàÿ îöåíêà ñàïñàíà â þæíîé ÷àñòè Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîò- ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè äëÿ ëîâèíû â ëåâîáåðåæüå Àáàêàêà (3792 êì2) ðåê Òóâèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû (270 êì) ïðè îöåíåíà â 21–23 ïàðû è, âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ñðåäíåé ïëîòíîñòè 4,03 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè ÷òî ýòà îöåíêà çàâûøåíà.  öåíòðå ëåâî- ñîñòàâëÿåò 10–12 ïàð. áåðåæíîé ÷àñòè Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû  Óáñóíóðñêîé êîòëîâèíå ñàïñàí â ãíåç- â ïåðèôåðèéíîé ÷àñòè Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó äîâîé ïåðèîä íå íàáëþäàëñÿ íàìè çà âåñü ñàïñàí îáíàðóæèòü íå óäàëîñü, êàê ñîá- ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé ñ 1999 ïî 2008 ãã.  ñòâåííî íå óäàëîñü åãî îáíàðóæèòü è íà ñâÿçè ñ ïëîòíûì ãíåçäîâàíèåì íà ñêàëàõ þãå êîòëîâèíû â ïðàâîáåðåæüå ð. Àáàêàí. áàëîáàíà (Êàðÿêèí, Íèêîëåíêî, 2008),  äîëèíå Åíèñåÿ íà 100 êì ó÷àñòêå ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà çäåñü âðÿä ëè âîç- íèæå ñ. Êàçàíöåâî 15 èþíÿ 1999 ã., 11 ìîæíî. ìàÿ 2000 ã. è 13 èþëÿ 2002 ã. âûÿâëåíî 5  Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîì Àëòàå è Þãî-Çàïàä- ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ (5 ïàð/100 êì ðåêè), íîé Òûâå ñàïñàí ãíåçäèòñÿ êðàéíå ñïîðà- óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðóãà íà 5,7–26,3 êì, äè÷íî è, âåðîÿòíî, åãî ãíåçäîâàíèå çäåñü â ñðåäíåì (n=4) 14,8±8,53 êì. Íà ð. Òóáà íå íîñèò ðåãóëÿðíîãî õàðàêòåðà.  Òóâå 23 èþíÿ 2005 ã. íà 53-õ êì ó÷àñòêå íèæå åäèíñòâåííûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñàïñà- ñ. Êóðàãèíî âûÿâëåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà íîâ âûÿâëåí íà ñêàëàõ îç. Õèíäèêòèã-Õîëü (5,66 ïàðû/100 êì ðåêè), óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã 24 èþíÿ 2000 ã. Ë.È. Êîíîâàëîâûì, à ïîç- îò äðóãà íà 2,86 è 21,1 êì. ×èñëåííîñòü æå ïîñåùàëñÿ è íàìè. Íåñìîòðÿ íà óêàçà- ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè äëÿ äîëèíû Åíèñåÿ íèÿ À.À. Áàðàíîâà (1991) è Â.È. Çàáåëèíà è åãî ïðàâîáåðåæíûõ ïðèòîêîâ â Ìèíó- (1996) íà ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà â äîëèíå ñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå (675,7 êì) îïðåäåëåíà ð. Êàðãû, íàìè ýòîò ñîêîë çäåñü íå íà- â 20–34 ïàðû, â ñðåäíåì 25 ïàð. áëþäàëñÿ â 2000–2008 ãã., íå âñòðå÷åí  èòîãå ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäî- íàìè ñàïñàí è â äîëèíå ð. Ìîãåí-Áóðåí. âàíèè â Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå ìîæåò  Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîì Àëòàå ïðåäïîëàãàëîñü áûòü îöåíåíà â 61–79, â ñðåäíåì 68 ïàð. ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíà â äîëèíå ð. Áóãóçóí,  Óñèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå ñàïñàí íàáëþ- ãäå îí íàáëþäàëñÿ â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä äàëñÿ 23 ìàÿ 2001 ã., îäíàêî ãíåçäîâî- ðàíåå (Èðèñîâ, 1981), îäíàêî âñòðåòèòü ãî ó÷àñòêà âûÿâëåíî íå áûëî. Íà âñåõ ýòèõ ñîêîëîâ çäåñü íå óäàëîñü, íåñìîòðÿ îñìîòðåííûõ ñêàëàõ ãíåçäèëèñü áàëîáà- íà òî, ÷òî äîëèíà îáñëåäîâàíà â 2000, íû – çäåñü áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ 2002, 2003 è 2008 ãã. Íå íàéäåí çäåñü ó÷àñòêà ýòèõ ñîêîëîâ. Âèäèìî, â Óñèíñêîé ñàïñàí è â õîäå ðàáîò Ñèáýêîöåíòðà êîòëîâèíå ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ íå áîëåå 1 ïî îáñëåäîâàíèþ ÊÎÒÐ «Ìàññèâ Òàëäó- ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ. àèð» â èþíå 2008 ã. (Áàðàøêîâà è äð.,  Òóðàíñêîé êîòëîâèíå åäèíñòâåííûé 2009). Îäèíî÷íûé ñàïñàí âñòðå÷åí 10 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñàïñàíîâ âûÿâëåí íà èþëÿ 2000 ã. â Êóðàéñêîé ñòåïè â íèçî- ñêàëàõ ð. Áîë. Åíèñåé 25 ìàÿ 2001 ã.; âüÿõ Êóðàéêè, îäíàêî óùåëüå Êóðàéêè äî 24–25 ìàÿ 2001 ã. áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà äî- ñèõ ïîð íå îáñëåäîâàíî è ãíåçäîâàíèå ñòàòî÷íî áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü äîëèíû ð. Óþê è çäåñü ñàïñàíà íå óñòàíîâëåíî, õîòÿ âåñü- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 117

Òàáë. 4. Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà (â ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàðàõ) â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå. Íóìåðàöèÿ ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ â òàáëèöå ñîîò- âåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè íà ðèñ. 1. Table 4. Estimation of number of the Peregrine breeding pairs in the Altai-Sayan Region. Numbers of nature regions in the table are similar ones in the fig. 1.

Àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûé ðåãèîí Administrative Region

Ïðèðîäíûé ðàéîí Íîâîñèáèðñêàÿ îáëàñòü Novosibirsk District êðàé Àëòàéñêèé Altai Kray Êåìåðîâñêàÿ îáëàñòü Kemerovo District Õàêàñèÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà Republic of Khakassia êðàé Êðàñíîÿðñêèé Krasnoyarsk Kray Òûâà Ðåñïóáëèêà Republic of Tyva Àëòàé Ðåñïóáëèêà Republic of Altai

¹ Nature region ÍÎ ÀÊ ÊÎ ÐÕ ÊÊ ÐÒ ÐÀ ðåãèîí (âñå Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîíû) àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûå Altai-Sayan Region (All admin- istrative regions) Ñåâåðíûé Ñàÿí, Êóçíåöêèé Àëàòàó è 1, Ñåâåðíûé Àëòàé 53 40 96 23 212 2, Northern Sayan Mountains, Kuznetskiy Ala- (47–66) (36–50) (85–119) (21–29) (189–264) 3 tau Mountains, Northern Altai Mountains 4 Ñàëàèðñêèé êðÿæ / Salair Mountains 7 6–7 9 (7–11) 22 (20–25) Þæíûé Ñàÿí, õðåáåò Îáðó÷åâà, 1, Òîäæèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà 22 110 132 5, Southern Sayan Mountains, Obrucheva (16–36) (80–180) (96–216) 8 Mountains, Todzhinskaya Depression 6, Õðåáåò Ñåíãèëåí, õðåáåò Òàííó-Îëà 3 (1–5) 3 (1–5) 7 Sengilen Mountains, Tannu-Ola Mountains Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíûé è Öåíòðàëüíûé Àëòàé 75 175 250 9 North-Western and Central Altai (60–90) (140–210) (200–300) Ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè 10 9 (8–10) 9 (8–10) Landscapes between Biya and Katun rivers 11 Ñîëãîíñêèé êðÿæ / Solgonskiy Mountains 8 (7–9) 8 (7–9) Ëåñà ðàâíèíû Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ 12 00 0 Forest plains of the Ob’ river right side Ëåñíîå è ëåñîñòåïíîå Çàîáüå / Forest and 13 0 0 forest-steppe plains of the Ob’ river right side À÷èíñêàÿ ëåñîñòåïü 14 1–2 5 (3–6) 6 (4–8) Achinskaya forest-steppe Êðàñíîÿðñêàÿ ëåñîñòåïü 9 9 15 Krasnoyarskaya forest-steppe (8–10) (8–10) Áèå-×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü 16 20 20 Biya-Chumyshskaya Upland Ïðåäãîðüÿ è íèçêîãîðüÿ Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîãî 17 58 (45–79) 58 (45–79) Àëòàÿ / North-Western Altai Mountains Êóçíåöêàÿ êîòëîâèíà 18 2 (1–3) 11 (9–12) 13 (10–15) Kuznetskaya Depression Ìèíóñèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà 40 28 68 19 Minussinskaya Depression (37–43) (24–36) (61–79) 20 Óñèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà / Usinskaya Depression 0–1 0–1 Òóðàíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà 2 2 21 Turanskaya Depression (1–3) (1–3) Òóâèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà 11 11 22 Tuvinskaya Depression (10–12) (10–12) Óáñóíóðñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà 23 0 0 Ubsunuurskaya Depression Þãî-Âîñòî÷íûé Àëòàé è Þãî-Çàïàäíàÿ 24 Òûâà / South-Eastern Altai Mountains and 1–2 0–1 1–3 South-Western Tyva Republic Âûñîêîãîðüÿ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíà 25 0000 0 Alpine zone of the Altai-Sayan Region Ëåñîñòåïü è ñòåïü ðàâíèíû Îáñêîãî 26 ëåâîáåðåæüÿ / Forest-steppe and steppe 0 0 plains of the Ob’ river right side Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêèé ðåãèîí 9 168 74 80 168 127 198 824 (âñå ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû) (8–10) (139–206) (64–91) (73–93) (143–217) (93–202) (161–240) (681–1059) Altai-Sayan Region (All nature regions) 118 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 4. Ïðèóðî÷åííîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíà ê ïðèðîäíûì çîíàì Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà: ââåð- õó – íà îñíîâàíèè íàáëþäåíèé àâòîðîâ è ëèòåðàòóð- íûõ äàííûõ, âíèçó – íà îñíîâàíèè îöåíêè ÷èñëåííî- ñòè âèäà â ðåãèîíå ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ àâòîðîâ. Fig. 4. Distribution of Peregrine breeding territories in different natural zones of the Altai-Sayan region: according to the authors’ observations and published data (top), and based on the estimation of species number in the region according to authors’ surveys (bottom).

âàíèå 1–3 ïàð íà òåððèòîðèè äàííîãî ïðèðîäíîãî ðàéîíà. Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà â Àëòàå- Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 681– 1059 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 824 ïàðû (òàáë. 4). Íàèáîëåå êðóïíûå ãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïèðîâ- êè ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé (24,1%), Àëòàéñêîì êðàå (20,44%) è Êðàñ- íîÿðñêîì êðàå (20,19%).

Ãíåçäîâûå áèîòîïû, ãí¸çäà Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíîâ (ñ ó÷¸òîì ëèòåðàòóð- ìà âåðîÿòíî, òàê êàê çäåñü æå íà ñòîëáàõ íûõ äàííûõ) ïðèóðî÷åíà ê ãîðíî-ëåñíîé âäîëü òðàññû ñîêîëà íàáëþäàë Ñ.Â. Âàæîâ çîíå Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà (n=131) – (ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå).  ×óéñêîé ñòåïè çà çäåñü âñòðå÷åíî 55,0% ïàð.  òî æå âðå- âðåìÿ íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñàïñàí âïåð- ìÿ, âûñîêàÿ äîëÿ âñòðå÷ ñîêîëîâ â ñòåï- âûå âñòðå÷åí 13 èþíÿ 2009 ã. – ñàìåö íûõ êîòëîâèíàõ (32,8%), ñóáîïòèìàëüíûõ ñèäåë íà äåðåâÿííîé îïîðå ËÝÏ âäîëü äëÿ ñàïñàíà, ñâÿçàíà ñ öåëåíàïðàâëåííûì òðàññû áëèç Êîø-Àãà÷à íàä ïîéìîé ×óè. îáñëåäîâàíèåì êîòëîâèí â ðàìêàõ ïðîåê- Ïðåäïîëàãàåìûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñî- òîâ ïî èçó÷åíèþ áàëîáàíà è ìîãèëüíèêà. êîëîâ ðàñïîëàãàëñÿ, âèäèìî, â óùåëüå Êó- Óæå òî, ÷òî âñåãî íà 6% ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùà- ðàéñêîãî õðåáòà â 9 êì îò ìåñòà âñòðå÷è äåé, ëåæàùèõ â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå, âû- ñîêîëà. Çäåñü åù¸ â êîíöå 90-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòî- ÿâëåíî 55% ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíà ëåòèÿ îïóñòåëè ó÷àñòêè áàëîáàíîâ, îò- (ñì. ñòð. 108), ãîâîðèò î òîì, ÷òî èìåííî ëîâëåííûõ áðàêîíüåðàìè, ÷òî, âèäèìî, â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå ãíåçäèòñÿ îñíîâíàÿ è ñîçäàëî óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ïîÿâëåíèÿ ñàïñà- ìàññà ñîêîëîâ â ðåãèîíå. Íåñìîòðÿ íà íîâ. Îäíàêî, ðàçìíîæåíèå ñîêîëîâ áûëî ñêóäíîñòü ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ, îöåíêà ÷èñ- áåçóñïåøíûì ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè ñàìêè, ëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà â ðåãèîíå ïðÿìî óêà- òðóï êîòîðîé áûë îáíàðóæåí ïîä áåòîí- çûâàåò íà òî, ÷òî â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå íîé îïîðîé ËÝÏ áëèç Êîø-Àãà÷à â 4-õ êì Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà ñîñðåäîòî÷åíà îò ìåñòà âñòðå÷è ñàìöà. Îñíîâûâàÿñü íà áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü ðåãèîíàëüíîé ïîïóëÿöèè, à âûøåïðèâåäåííûõ ôàêòàõ âñòðå÷ ñàïñà- èìåííî – 77,18% (ðèñ. 4). íà íà þãî-âîñòîêå Àëòàÿ è þãî-çàïàäå Êàê óæå íåîäíîêðàòíî îòìå÷àëîñü âûøå, Òûâû ìîæíî ëèøü ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåçäî- â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ñàïñàí òÿãîòå- åò íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ê ïðèðå÷íûì ñêàëàì – ê íèì ïðèóðî÷åíî (n=73) 73,97% ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ (ðèñ. 5).  ñóùåñòâåííî ìåíüøåì êîëè÷åñòâå ñàïñàíû ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà ñêàëàõ ïî áåðåãàì îç¸ð (2,74%, õîòÿ ñ ó÷¸òîì ïàð, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ íà êóýñòîâûõ ãðÿäàõ íàä îç¸- ðàìè, èõ äîëÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 8,22%). Ýòî ñâÿçà- íî ñ ðåäêîñòüþ îç¸ð â ðåãèîíå, à òåì áîëåå

Ðèñ. 5. Ïðèóðî÷åííîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñàïñàíà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ê ðàçíûì òèïàì ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Fig. 5. Distribution of Peregrine nesting sites in the Altai-Sayan region on different types of cliff outcrops. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 119

Òàáë. 5. Õàðàêòåð ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä ñàïñàíà íà ðàçíûõ òèïàõ ñêàë. èãðàþò. Îáðàùàåò íà ñåáÿ âíèìàíèå òî, Table 5. Peregrine nest locations on different types of cliffs. ÷òî âûáèðàþòñÿ íàèáîëåå îòâåñíûå è âû- ñîêèå ñêàëû, êàê ïðàâèëî, ðàñïîëîæåí- Òèï ñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ Íèøà Ïîëêà Âåðøèíà Âñåãî íûå íàïðîòèâ îòêðûòîãî ïðîñòðàíñòâà Type of cliff and rock Niche Ledge Top Total ïîéìû èëè òåððàñû.  ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ Ïðèîç¸ðíîå ñêàëüíîå 2 è ëåñîñòåïè ñàïñàí òÿãîòååò ê ñêàëàì ïî îáíàæåíèå 2 (4.65%) ìàêñèìóìó ïîêðûòûì ëåñîì, â òàéãå æå, Lakeshore cliff îñîáåííî â òàéãå ñåâåðíîãî ìàêðîñêëî- Ïðèðå÷íîå ñêàëüíîå íà Çàïàäíîãî è Âîñòî÷íîãî Ñàÿíà, ñîêîëû 32 îáíàæåíèå 27 5 (74.42%) íàîáîðîò ñòàðàþòñÿ ãíåçäèòüñÿ íà ñêàëàõ Riverine cliff ñ áîëåå ðàçðåæåííûì ëåñîì ëèáî îñòåï- Ãðÿäîâîå ñêàëüíîå í¸ííûõ. Íà ñåâåðî-çàïàäå Àëòàÿ ñàïñàí 9 îáíàæåíèå 62 1 îïðåäåë¸ííî òÿãîòååò ê ãíåçäîâàíèþ íà (20.93%) Rocks ñêàëàõ, ïîêðûòûõ ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì, íî òàì, Âñåãî 35 7 1 43 ãäå ñîñíà ïåðåñòà¸ò âñòðå÷àòüñÿ, ýòîò ïðè- Total (81.4%) (16.3%) (2.3%) (100%) çíàê ïåðåñòà¸ò ðàáîòàòü. Âûñîòà ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä âàðüèðóåò â îç¸ð ñî ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè. Íà ñêàëü- øèðîêèõ ïðåäåëàõ – îò 0 (ïîäíîæèå ñêàëû) íûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ ïî âåðøèíàì õðåáòîâ èëè äî 150 ì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì 49,2±35,8

ïîëîãèõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé ãíåçäèòñÿ 23,29% (Ex=0,17). Íåçàâèñèìî îò òèïà è âûñîòû ïàð, ïðè÷¸ì â îñíîâíîì â ëåñîñòåïíûõ è ñêàë áîëüøèíñòâî ïàð ñàïñàíîâ ñòàðàåòñÿ ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ, ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ ñóáîïòè- óñòðàèâàòü ãí¸çäà â âåðõíåé òðåòè ñêàëü- ìàëüíûìè äëÿ ñàïñàíà. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñêëþ- íûõ îáíàæåíèé – (n=43) 48,84%, îêîëî ÷èòåëüíî íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ ñàïñàíà íà òðåòè âñåõ ïàð (34,88%) ãíåçäèòñÿ â ñå- ãíåçäîâàíèè íàõîäèëè è äðóãèå èññëåäîâà- ðåäèíå ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Èçâåñòíû òåëè â Êåìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòè (Âàñèëü÷åíêî, ñëó÷àè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â çàðîñëÿõ êðàïèâû â 2004), Êðàñíîÿðñêîì êðàå (Áàðàíîâ, 1988; ïîäíîæèè ñêàëû è íà âåðøèíå ñêàëû – ïî Âàëþõ, 1996), Õàêàñèè è Òóâå (Êàðòàøîâ, îäíîìó ñëó÷àþ (ðèñ. 6). Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà 2003). Àíàëîãè÷íûì îáðàçîì âûãëÿäèò ñàïñàíîâ ãíåçäèòñÿ â íèøàõ áåç êàêèõ- ñîîòíîøåíèå íàéäåííûõ ãí¸çä (áåç ó÷¸òà ëèáî ïîñòðîåê – (n=43) 81,4% (òàáë. 5). Íà ëèòåðàòóðíûõ äàííûõ): 74,42% – íà ïðè- îòêðûòûõ ïîëêàõ, êàê ïðàâèëî, çàäåðí¸í- ðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ, 20,93% – íà ñêàëàõ ïî âåð- íûõ, îáíàðóæåíî 16,3% ãí¸çä. Èñïîëü- øèíàì õðåáòîâ è êóýñòîâûõ ãðÿäàõ, 4,65% çîâàíèå ñòàðûõ ïîñòðîåê ïòèö îòìå÷åíî – íà ñêàëàõ ïî áåðåãàì îç¸ð (òàáë. 5). òîëüêî ó äâóõ ïàð (4,65%): â îäíîì ñëó÷àå Èç ðåãèîíà èìåþòñÿ ñâåäåíèÿ î ãíåç- íà ã. Áàáûðãàí â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ñàïñà- äîâàíèè ñàïñàíà íà äåðåâüÿõ.  ÷àñòíî- íû çàíÿëè ñòàðîå ãíåçäî áåðêóòà (Aquila ñòè ñàìêà ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäå, ðàñïîëî- chrysaetos) â íèøå ñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ æåííîì íà ëèñòâåííèöå áëèç îç. ×àãûòàé âåðøèíû õðåáòà, â äðóãîì áëèç îç. ׸ð- â Òûâå, íàáëþäàëàñü Í.Ô. Ãîëîöåâè÷ 14 íîå â Õàêàñèè – î÷åíü ñòàðóþ è ñèëüíî ìàÿ 1977 ã. (Áàðàíîâ, 1991), à íà Øå- ðàçðóøåííóþ ïîñòðîéêó âîðîíà (Corvus ñòàêîâñêèõ áîëîòàõ â Êåìåðîâñêîé îá- corax) â íèøå ñêàëû íà êóýñòîâîé ãðÿäå. ëàñòè À.À. Âàñèëü÷åíêî (2003) îáíà- Ãí¸çäà ñàïñàíîâ â Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâè- ðóæåíû ãí¸çäà ñîêîëîâ íà äåðåâüÿõ, íå, îïèñàííûå Í.Ä. Êàðòàøîâûì (2003), ïðè÷¸ì îäíî – â ïîñòðîéêå âîðîíû. Ïðè íå âûäåëÿþòñÿ èç îáùåé âûáîðêè ïî ðå- îòñóòñòâèè áîëåå ïîäðîáíûõ îïèñàíèé ãèîíó.  äîëèíå ð. Áèé-Õåì áëèç Òîîðà- òàêèõ ãí¸çä âîçíèêàåò ñîìíåíèå â ïðà- Õåìà ñàïñàíû çàíèìàëè îñòåïí¸ííûé âèëüíîñòè îïðåäåëåíèÿ âèäà. Ïî íàøèì þãî-âîñòî÷íûé ñêëîí äîëèíû ñî ñêàëüíû- íàáëþäåíèÿì, ñàïñàí â ðåãèîíå ãíåçäèò- ìè âûõîäàìè, à ãíåçäî ðàçìåùàëîñü íà ñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî íà ñêàëàõ. Íà ñåâåðå óçêîì óñòóïå (78õ46 ñì) ñêàëû â 30 ì îò ðåãèîíà, â ÷àñòíîñòè â äîëèíå Îáè è ×ó- ïîäíîæèÿ ñêëîíà, îáùàÿ âûñîòà êîòîðîãî ëûìà, âîçìîæíî ãíåçäîâàíèå ñàïñàíîâ 80 ì. Íà ð. Õàìñàðà â óð. Óëóã-Õàÿ ãíåçäî íà çåìëå, ñðåäè îáøèðíûõ áîëîò. Òàêèå ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â íèøå îòâåñíîé ñêàëû íà ãí¸çäà èçâåñòíû íà ïðèëåãàþùèõ òåððè- âûñîòå 15 ì.  ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Àçàñ òîðèÿõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé è Îìñêîé îáëà- â óð. Êîø-Òóðóê ãíåçäî ðàçìåùàëîñü ñòåé, îäíàêî â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå, íà ñêàëüíîì óñòóïå (86õ64 ñì) â 60 ì îò â ãðàíèöàõ êîíòóðà, ïðèâåä¸ííîãî íà îñíîâàíèÿ ñêàëû. Í.Ä. Êàðòàøîâ (2003) ðèñ. 1, òàêèå ãí¸çäà íå âûÿâëåíû. òàêæå óêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ñàïñàíû èçðåäêà çà- Ïðè âûáîðå ñàïñàíàìè ãíåçäîâûõ ñêàë íèìàþò ãí¸çäà âîðîíà íà ñêàëàõ, îäíàêî èõ âûñîòà è ýêñïîçèöèÿ îñîáîé ðîëè íå îïèñàíèé òàêèõ ãí¸çä íå ïðèâîäèò. 120 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 6. Õàðàêòåð óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä ñàïñàíà íà ðàç- íûõ ÷àñòÿõ ñêàë. Fig. 6. Peregrine nest locations in different parts of cliffs.

ÿéöà 1–10 ìàÿ. Ïîçäíèå êëàäêè ìîãóò áûòü îòëîæåíû âïëîòü äî 15–20 ìàÿ, îäíàêî íå ñîâñåì ÿñíî, ïåðâûå îíè èëè ïîâòîðíûå. Ïòåíöû íà÷èíàþò âûëóïëÿòüñÿ ñ 10 ìàÿ. Ìàññîâîå âûëóïëåíèå ïòåíöîâ ïðîèñõî- äèò 25 ìàÿ – 10 èþíÿ. Ïòåíöû èç ïîçäíèõ âûâîäêîâ âûëóïëÿþòñÿ 15–20 èþíÿ. Îñîáåííîñòè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ Ïåðâûå ñë¸òêè, ïîêèíóâøèå ãí¸çäà, íà- Ñàïñàí â ðåãèîíå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïåðåë¸òíûì. ÷èíàþò íàáëþäàòüñÿ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò- Îòäåëüíûå ïòèöû íàáëþäàþòñÿ â ðàçíûõ êàõ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå 25 èþíÿ.  ïåðèîä ñ îáëàñòÿõ ðåãèîíà è â çèìíèé ïåðèîä, îä- 1 ïî 25 èþëÿ ïðîèñõîäèò ìàññîâûé âûëåò íàêî ýòî ÿâëåíèå íîñèò ñëó÷àéíûé õàðàê- ïòåíöîâ ñàïñàíà, ïðè÷¸ì â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå òåð. Òàê Ñ.Ì. Ïðîêîôüåâ (1993) ïèøåò î îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ñë¸òêîâ ïîêèäàåò ãí¸çäà âñòðå÷àõ ñàïñàíà çèìîé â Ìèíóñèíñêîé äî 10 èþëÿ, à â Òóâå è Êðàñíîÿðñêîì êðàå êîòëîâèíå.  Òûâå ñàïñàíû íàáëþäàëèñü 23 – ïîñëå 10 èþëÿ. Íàèáîëåå ïîçäíèå ñðîêè îêòÿáðÿ 1983 ã. íà áåðåãó îç. Òåðå-Õîëü âûëåòà ïòåíöîâ ñàïñàíà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì Ýðçèíñêîãî ðàéîíà è 26 ÿíâàðÿ 1976 ã. â ðåãèîíå äàòèðóþòñÿ 29 èþëÿ – 5 àâãóñòà. ïîéìå ð. Îðòà-Õàëûûí â Ñàãëèíñêîé äî- Ïî íàáëþäåíèÿì Í.Ä. Êàðòàøîâà (2003) ëèíå (Áàðàíîâ, 1991).  ôåâðàëå–ìàðòå â Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå â ãíåçäå íà ð. 2008 ã. îäèíî÷íûå ñàïñàíû äâàæäû íà- Áèé-Õåì â 2000 ã. ïóõîâûå ïòåíöû â âîç- áëþäàëèñü â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Áèéñêà â Àëòàé- ðàñòå 3–5 ñóòîê îáíàðóæåíû 15 èþíÿ, à ñêîì êðàå (Âàæîâ, Áàõòèí, 2009). ñë¸òêè ïîêèíóëè ãíåçäî ñ 18 ïî 25 èþëÿ, Ïåðâûå ïòèöû íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â â ãíåçäå íà ð. Õàìñàðà 16 èþëÿ 2001 ã. Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ óæå 15–20 ðîäèòåëè êîðìèëè ïòåíöîâ, êîòîðûå åù¸ ìàðòà. Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ñàïñàíîâ â ðåãèî- íàõîäèëèñü â ãíåçäå, íà ð. Àçàñ â óð. Êîø- íå ïðèáûâàåò íà ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè â òå- Òóðóê 6 èþëÿ 2002 ã. íàõîäèëèñü ðàçíî- ÷åíèå ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíû àïðåëÿ. Ïîçäíåå âîçðàñòíûå ïòåíöû, ñòàðøèé èç êîòîðûõ âñåõ áëèç ñâîèõ ãí¸çä ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ ñàïñà- áûë ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíîñòüþ îïåð¸í è âû- íû â òà¸æíîé çîíå Âîñòî÷íîãî Ñàÿíà è ïðûãíóë èç ãíåçäà ïðè åãî îñìîòðå.  Àë- Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû. Ïî íàáëþäåíèÿì òàéñêîì êðàå íà ã. Áàáûðãàí â 2007 ã. â Í.Ä. Êàðòàøîâà (2003) ïðèë¸ò ñàïñàíîâ íà ãíåçäå ñàïñàíà 6 ìàÿ îáíàðóæåíà êëàäêà, ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê íà ã. Óëóã-Äàã â 1988 ã. 6 èþíÿ – ïóõîâûå ïòåíöû, 7 èþëÿ – ñë¸ò- îòìå÷åí 19 àïðåëÿ, íà ìíîãîëåòíåì ãíåç- êè, óæå ïîêèíóâøèå ãíåçäî, íî ëåòàâøèå äîâîì ó÷àñòêå ñîêîëîâ íà ð. Áèé-Õåì ïëîõî (Âàæîâ, Áàõòèí, 2008). Ï.Ï. Ñóø- ó ï. Òîîðà-Õåì íàèáîëåå ðàííèé ïðèë¸ò êèí (1914) âñòðå÷àë âûëåòåâøèõ ïòåíöîâ ñàïñàíîâ îòìå÷åí 6 àïðåëÿ 1999 ã., à íàè- â ïîñëåäíèõ ÷èñëàõ èþëÿ, â 20-õ ÷èñëàõ áîëåå ïîçäíèé – 18 àïðåëÿ 2000 ã. Âåñü àâãóñòà íàáëþäàë ñàïñàíîâ, êîòîðûå îõî- àïðåëü èä¸ò èíòåíñèâíûé ïðîë¸ò ñàïñàíîâ. òèëèñü ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî, íî åù¸ äåðæàëèñü  ýòîò ïåðèîä èõ ìîæíî íàáëþäàòü òàì, âûâîäêîì. Ïî äàííûì Ê.À. Þäèíà (1952) ãäå îíè íå ãíåçäÿòñÿ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, íà ðàâ- â þæíîé ÷àñòè Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ ïóõî- íèíàõ â öåíòðå ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèí. Íåêîòî- âûå ïòåíöû â ãí¸çäàõ ñàïñàíà íàáëþäàëèñü ðûå ïòèöû ëåòÿò ÷åðåç ðåãèîí äî 10 ìàÿ, ñ ñåðåäèíû èþíÿ, ñë¸òêè – â êîíöå èþëÿ – îäíàêî, îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ìàéñêèõ âñòðå÷ íà÷àëå àâãóñòà. ïðèíàäëåæèò âñ¸ æå ìåñòíûì ïòèöàì. Äîêàðìëèâàíèå ë¸òíûõ âûâîäêîâ ïðî- Ñðîêè íà÷àëà îòêëàäêè ÿèö ñèëüíî çàâè- äîëæàåòñÿ â òå÷åíèå 2–3-õ íåäåëü.  ñÿò îò õîäà âåñíû.  Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ñàï- áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ñàíû ðàíüøå âñåõ â ðåãèîíå ïðèñòóïàþò ê â ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå) âåñü ýòîò ïåðèîä êëàäêàì. Çäåñü ïåðâûå êëàäêè íàáëþäàþò- ñàïñàíû äåðæàòñÿ íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå, ñÿ óæå 10–15 àïðåëÿ, à ìàññîâàÿ îòêëàä- îäíàêî â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ (áîëåå ÷àñòî â ëå- êà ÿèö â ðàçíûå ñåçîíû ïðîèñõîäèò 25 ñîñòåïíûõ è ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ) íàáëþ- àïðåëÿ – 1 ìàÿ.  ãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíå Òóâû, äàåòñÿ îòêî÷¸âêà âûâîäêà ê áëèæàéøèì Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ è Õàêàñèè íàèáîëåå âîäî¸ìàì, áîãàòûì ïòèöåé. ðàííèå êëàäêè ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ â êîíöå àïðå- Îòë¸ò ñàïñàíîâ èç ãîð ïðîèñõîäèò â íà- ëÿ, à îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà ñàïñàíîâ îòêëàäûâàåò ÷àëå – ñåðåäèíå ñåíòÿáðÿ, õîòÿ â Àëòàé- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 121

ñêîì êðàå è Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé âîçìîæíî  ïîëíûõ êëàäêàõ ñàïñàíà (n=6) 2–4 è ïîçæå – â êîíöå ñåíòÿáðÿ.  Àëòàéñêîì ÿéöà, â ñðåäíåì 3,17±0,98 ÿéöà íà óñïåø- êðàå íà ã. Áàáûðãàí 29–30 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2007 ã. íîå ãíåçäî.  Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå íà ð. 2 ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ íàáëþäàëèñü åù¸ íà ñâî- Áèé-Õåì 22 ìàÿ 2000 ã. áûëà îñìîòðåíà èõ ó÷àñòêàõ, íî óæå 2–5 íîÿáðÿ èõ çäåñü êëàäêà èç 4-õ ÿèö (Êàðòàøîâà, 2003). Íà íå îáíàðóæåíî (Âàæîâ, Áàõòèí, 2008).  ã. Áàáûðãàí â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå â ãíåçäå, Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå åù¸ íåðàñïàâøèé- îñìîòðåííîì 6 ìàÿ 2007 ã., îáíàðóæåíî ñÿ âûâîäîê íà îç. Ìþí-Õîëü áûë âñòðå÷åí 4 ÿéöà (Âàæîâ, Áàõòèí, 2008). Ó÷èòûâàÿ 2–5 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1999 ã., õîòÿ ïàðà, ãíåçäÿ- ëèòåðàòóðíûå äàííûå, ñðåäíÿÿ êëàäêà ñî- ùàÿñÿ íà ð. Áèé-Õåì, ïîêèäàëà ãíåçäîâîé ñòàâëÿåò (n=8) 3,38±0,92 ÿéöà. ó÷àñòîê 2–10 ñåíòÿáðÿ (Êàðòàøîâà, 2003); Ðàçìåð ÿèö (n=9): 52,0–54,9õ40,8–41,1 â Òóâèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå íà îç. Õàäûí 7 ñåí- ìì, â ñðåäíåì 53,3±0,85õ40,9±0,09 ìì. òÿáðÿ 1982 ã. ÿâíî ïðîë¸òíàÿ ìîëîäàÿ ïòè- Áëèçêèå ðàçìåðû ÿèö ñàïñàíà ïðèâîäèò öà îòëîâëåíà â ïàóòèííóþ ñåòü (Ñàâ÷åíêî ß.È. Êîêîðåâ (2006) äëÿ Òàéìûðà: (n=25) è äð., 1986).  Êðàñíîÿðñêîì êðàå ìîëî- 44,8–56,3 õ 39,0–43,6 ìì, ìàññà – 44,2– äûõ ïòèö âäàëè îò ãí¸çä âñòðå÷àëè ñ ñåðå- 56,0 ã (â ñðåäíåì – 53,1 õ 41,9 ìì, ìàññà äèíû àâãóñòà, à ïîñëåäíÿÿ âñòðå÷à ñàïñàíà – 50,5 ã). äàòèðóåòñÿ 11 îêòÿáðÿ (Þäèí, 1952). Ïðî-  âûâîäêàõ ñàïñàíà (n=12) îò 1-ãî äî ë¸ò ïòèö â ïðåäãîðüÿõ íà÷èíàåò âèçóàëüíî 4-õ ïòåíöîâ, â ñðåäíåì 2,67±0,98 ïòåíöà íàáëþäàòüñÿ ñ êîíöà ñåíòÿáðÿ – íà÷àëà íà óñïåøíîå ãíåçäî. Íà ð. Áåðäü â Íîâî- îêòÿáðÿ è ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ, âèäèìî, âïëîòü ñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè òàêæå íàáëþäàëñÿ ïî- äî íîÿáðÿ, êîãäà ïðîëåòàþò ïîñëåäíèå ãèáøèé âûâîäîê èç 2-õ ïòåíöîâ (Êàðÿêèí è òóíäðîâûå ïòèöû. äð., 2005á).  Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå âû- âîäêè ñàïñàíà ñîñ÷èòàíû íà äâóõ ãíåçäî- âûõ ó÷àñòêàõ çà ðÿä ëåò (Êàðòàøîâ, 2003): èç ãíåçäà â äîëèíå ð. Áèé-Õåì â 1998– 2002 ãã. âûëåòàëî 1, 2, 3, 2, 1 ñë¸òîê, â ãíåçäå íà ð. Àçàñ â 2002 ã. îáíàðóæåíû 3 ïòåíöà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñðåäíèé âûâîäîê â Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå â 1998–2002 ãã. ñîñòàâèë 2,0±0,89 ñë¸òêîâ.  Àëòàéñêîì êðàå â ãíåçäå íà ã. Áàáûðãàí â 2007 ã. îá- íàðóæåíî 4 ïòåíöà, êîòîðûå óñïåøíî âû- ëåòåëè (Âàæîâ, Áàõòèí, 2008). Ó÷èòûâàÿ ëèòåðàòóðíûå äàííûå, ñðåäíèé âûâîäîê ñîñòàâëÿåò (n=19) 2,53±1,02 ïòåíöà. Ðàçìåð êëàäîê è âûâîäêîâ â Àëòàå- Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå òàêîé æå, êàê è â äðóãèõ ÷àñòÿõ àðåàëà âèäà â Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè. Íà Òàéìûðå â êëàäêå ñàïñàíà â 70–80-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ áûëî â ñðåäíåì 3,23 ÿéöà, â âû- âîäêå ïåðåä âûëåòîì – 2,43 ïòåíöà, îòõîä ÿèö è ïòåíöîâ ñîñòàâëÿë îêîëî 25% (ßêóø- êèí è äð., 1983), â 1996–98 ãã. ñðåäíèé ðàçìåð êëàäêè áûë (n=18) 3,5 ÿéöà, ñðåä- íèé ðàçìåð âûâîäêà ïî ãîäàì âàðüèðîâàë îò 1,6 äî 3,0 ïòåíöîâ íà ãíåçäî, â ïåðè- îä íàñèæèâàíèÿ êëàäêè è âûêàðìëèâàíèÿ ïòåíöîâ äî 2-õ-íåäåëüíîãî âîçðàñòà ñî- ñòàâëÿë 15–26% (Êîêîðåâ, 2006).  ãîðàõ Óðàëà â 1989–1997 ãã. ïðè ñðåäíåé êëàäêå

Ãíåçäî ñàïñàíà, óñòðîåííîå â ñòàðîé ïîñòðîéêå áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) â íèøå ñêàëû, ñ êëàäêîé (ââåðõó) è ñë¸òêàìè (âíèçó). Àëòàéñêèé êðàé. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Nest of the Peregrine Falcon with clutch (upper) and fledglings (bottom) in the Golden Eagle’s (Aquila chrysaetos) old nest in a niche on the rock. Altai Kray. Photos by I. Karyakin. 122 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ãí¸çäà ñàïñàíà ñ êëàäêîé â öåíòðå ñêàëû (ââåðõó) è ñ ïòåíöîì â ïîäíîæèè ñêàëû (âíèçó). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Peregrine nests with eggs in the center of cliff (top) and with a chick at cliff foot (bottom). Photos by I. Karyakin.

ïðèñàäå è íàáëþäàåò çà èññëåäîâàòåëÿìè äî òåõ ïîð, ïîêà äèñòàíöèÿ äî ãíåçäà íå ñîêðàùàåòñÿ äî íåñêîëüêèõ ìåòðîâ, ïîñëå ÷åãî íà÷èíàåò àêòèâíî áåñïîêîèòüñÿ, ëå- òàÿ ñ êðèêàìè.  10% ñëó÷àåâ âñïóãíóòàÿ ñ êëàäêè ïòèöà ñàäèòñÿ íà ïðèñàäó è íå ïðî- ÿâëÿåò áåñïîêîéñòâà äàæå ïðè îñìîòðå ãíåçäà. Ïðè ïóõîâûõ ïòåíöàõ ó 70% ïàð áåñïîêîéñòâî íàðàñòàåò, è ïòèöû áîëåå àêòèâíî áåñïîêîÿòñÿ, íî â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ (ó 30% ïàð) áåñïîêîéñòâî çàòóõàåò è ñàïñà- íû íà÷èíàþò âåñòè ñåáÿ ó ãíåçäà ìîë÷àëè- âî.  òàêèõ ïàðàõ ñàìêà, ïîêèíóâøàÿ ãíåç- äî â ðåçóëüòàòå áåñïîêîéñòâà ÷åëîâåêîì â ýòîò ïåðèîä, êàê ïðàâèëî, îòëåòàåò îò íåãî è, ñåâ â íåáîëüøîì óäàëåíèè â ïðåäåëàõ âèäèìîñòè ãíåçäà, ìîë÷à íàáëþäàåò çà ïðîèñõîäÿùèì. Èíîãäà áåñïîêîèòñÿ ñà- ìåö, ïðèëåòåâøèé ê ãíåçäó â ýòè ìîìåíòû, îäíàêî, ñäåëàâ íåñêîëüêî êðóãîâ ñ ðåäêè- ìè êðèêàìè, îí òîæå ñàäèòñÿ íà ïðèñàäó ó ãíåçäà è çàòèõàåò. Ê ìîìåíòó âûëåòà ïòåí- öîâ èëè ïðè ñë¸òêàõ âñå âçðîñëûå ïòèöû, ïîáåñïîêîåííûå ó ãíåçäà, àêòèâíî êðè÷àò è ëåòàþò êðóãàìè, èíîãäà èìèòèðóÿ àòàêó íà íàáëþäàòåëåé íà âûñîòå îò 100 äî 10 ì.

Ïèòàíèå Ïèòàíèå ñàïñàíîâ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì (n=44) 3,1 ÿéöà â âûâîäêàõ íàáëþäàëîñü ðåãèîíå îñîáî íå îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò ïèòàíèÿ 2,4 ïòåíöà è 2,2 ñë¸òêà, îòõîä ÿèö ñîñòàâ- ñàïñàíîâ â äðóãèõ ÷àñòÿõ àðåàëà âèäà.  ëÿë 23%, ïòåíöîâ – 8%, à îáùèé óñïåõ ðàöèîíå ïÿòè ïàð ñàïñàíîâ â Òóâå è Õàêà- ðàçìíîæåíèÿ – 71% (Êàðÿêèí, 1998). ñèè â 1999–2000 ãã. îïðåäåëåíî áîëåå 35 Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ñàïñàíà â Àëòàå- âèäîâ: êðÿêâà (Anas platyrhynchos), ÷èðîê- Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå íå èçó÷åí. Ïî ñîîòíî- òðåñêóíîê (Anas querquedula), ÷èðîê- øåíèþ æèëûõ è ïóñòûõ ãí¸çä â êîíöå ñåçî- ñâèñòóíîê (Anas crecca), íûðîê êðàñíî- íà ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î òîì, ÷òî ãîëîâûé (Aythya ferina), êðîõàëü áîëüøîé íå ìåíåå 70% ãí¸çä ÿâëÿþòñÿ óñïåøíûìè. (Mergus merganser), òóðïàí ãîðáîíîñûé Ïîâåäåíèå ñàïñàíîâ ó ãíåçäà äîñòàòî÷íî (Melanitta deglandi), ïåðåâîç÷èê (Actitis èíäèâèäóàëüíî, õîòÿ åìó è ïðèñóùè îáùèå hypoleucos), ÷åðíûø (Tringa ochropus), ÷åðòû.  ïåðèîä êëàäêè ñîêîëû ó ãí¸çä âå- áåêàñ àçèàòñêèé (Gallinago stenura), ëåñ- äóò ñåáÿ äîâîëüíî ñêðûòíî, âûäåðæèâàÿ íîé äóïåëü (Gallinago megala), êðà÷- äèñòàíöèþ âñïóãèâàíèÿ îò 100 äî 10 ì. Ñà- êà ðå÷íàÿ (Sterna hirundo), ÷àéêà ñèçàÿ ìåö ïîêèäàåò êëàäêó íà ñóùåñòâåííî áîëü- (Larus canus), õîõîòóíüÿ (Larus cachinnans øåé äèñòàíöèè, ÷åì ñàìêà. Áóäó÷è âñïóã- mongolicus), ïóñòåëüãà îáûêíîâåííàÿ íóòûìè, è ñàìêà, è ñàìåö â 65% ñëó÷àåâ (Falco tinnunculus), ïóñòåëüãà ñòåïíàÿ ñðàçó æå ïðîÿâëÿþò áåñïîêîéñòâî, ëåòàÿ (F. naumanni), ïåðåïåëÿòíèê (Accipiter êðóãàìè, ñ êðèêàìè, ïðè÷¸ì ñàìêà áåñ- nisus), ðÿá÷èê (Tetrastes bonasia), êóðî- ïîêîèòñÿ áîëåå àêòèâíî, ëåòàÿ íà ìåíüøåé ïàòêà áîðîäàòàÿ (Perdix dauurica), ãîëóáü äèñòàíöèè ê èññëåäîâàòåëÿì, ÷åì ñàìåö.  ñèçûé (Columba livia), ãîëóáü ñêàëèñòûé 25% ñëó÷àåâ ïòèöà, ïîêèíóâøàÿ ãíåçäî íà (Columba rupestris), êóêóøêè (Cuculus sp.), äèñòàíöèè îò 50 äî 100 ì, çàòàèâàåòñÿ íà ñîâà áåëàÿ (Nyctea scandiaca), ñîâà áîëîòíàÿ Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 123

(Asio flammeus), ñîâà óøàñòàÿ (Asio otus),  Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íà ã. Áàáûðãàí ó ãíåç- íåÿñûòü äëèííîõâîñòàÿ (Strix uralensis), äÿ- äà ñàïñàíà â 2007 ã. ñîáðàíû îñòàíêè ñëå- òåë áîëüøîé ï¸ñòðûé (Dendrocopos major), äóþùèõ æåðòâ ñàïñàíà: ÷¸ðíàÿ âîðîíà – óäîä (Upupa epops), âîðîíà ÷¸ðíàÿ (Corvus 15 ýêç. (41,6%), ñîðîêà (Pica pica) – 6 ýêç. corone), ãàëêà (Corvus monedula), êåäðîâ- (16,6%), îáûêíîâåííàÿ ïóñòåëüãà – 6 ýêç. êà (Nucifraga caryocatactes), êëóøèöà (Pyr- (16,6%), ìåëêèå âîðîáüèíûå ïòèöû (âèäû rhocorax pyrrhocorax), êîíüêè (Anthus sp.), íå èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíû) – 3 ýêç. (8,3%), òðÿñîãóçêà ãîðíàÿ (Motacilla cinerea), æàâî- óøàñòàÿ ñîâà – 2 ýêç. (5,6%), êóëèê (âèä ðîíêè (Alaudidae sp.), äðîçäû (Turdus sp.). íå îïðåäåë¸í), ãàëêà, ÷åðíîãîëîâûé ùå- Àáñîëþòíî äîìèíèðóþò ïòèöû, áîëüøåé ãîë (Carduelis carduelis), ìåëêîå ìëåêîïè- ÷àñòüþ ìàññîâûå äëÿ ðàéîíîâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, òàþùåå (âèä íå îïðåäåë¸í) – ïî 1 ýêç. (ïî ò.å., ñâÿçàííûå ñ âîäíî-áîëîòíûìè êîì- 2,7%) (Âàæîâ, Áàõòèí, 2008). ïëåêñàìè (43,31%), ñêàëüíûìè ìàññèâàìè  Òîäæèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå íà ð. Áèé-Õåì â (5,10%) èëè äîëèííûìè ëåñàìè (15,92%): 1998–2002 ã. îñíîâó ïèòàíèÿ ïòåíöîâ ñàï- óòêè, ÷àéêîâûå (â îñíîâíîì, êðà÷êè), êóëè- ñàíà ñîñòàâëÿëè êóëèêè (÷åðíûø, ÷èáèñ, êè, ãîëóáè, âðàíîâûå (â îñíîâíîì, êåäðîâ- ïåðåâîç÷èê è áåêàñû), âîäîïëàâàþùèå êè, êëóøèöû è ãàëêè), äðîçäû. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè è èõ ïòåíöû (ãîãîëü Bucephala clangula, íà êàæäîì ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå ïðèñóòñòâó- ãîðáîíîñûé òóðïàí, ÷èðîê-òðåñêóíîê è þò â ïèòàíèè áîëîòíûå ñîâû – îò 2,33 äî ÷èðîê-ñâèñòóíîê), äðîçäû (ïåâ÷èé, äåðÿáà, 6,25%, 3,82% äëÿ âñåé âûáîðêè è ïóñòåëü- êðàñíîçîáûé), âðàíîâûå (êåäðîâêà, ÷¸ð- ãè – îò 0 äî 12,5%, 3,82% äëÿ âñåé âûáîð- íàÿ âîðîíà); èç ïèùåâûõ îñòàòêîâ ó ãíåçäà êè, îäíàêî îñîáîé ðîëè â ðàöèîíå îíè íå îáíàðóæåíû òàêæå ïåðüÿ è êîñòè òåòåðå- èãðàþò. Çàìåòíî ðàçëè÷àåòñÿ ïèòàíèå ðàç- âèíûõ, ãîëóáåé, äÿòëîâûõ, ñëàâêîâûõ è ìó- ëè÷íûõ ïàð. Ñàïñàíû, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ áëèç õîëîâêîâûõ; íà ð. Àçàñ â 2002 ã. îñíîâíûì íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ, ñïåöèàëèçèðóþòñÿ íà êîðìîì ïòåíöîâ ñëóæèëè ìåëêèå óòêè, è ñèçûõ ãîëóáÿõ – 55,81%, æèâóùèå íà ñêà- â çíà÷èòåëüíîé ñòåïåíè, âîðîáüèíûå (ñíå- ëàõ ïî áåðåãàì íåáîëüøèõ ëåñíûõ ðå÷åê ãèðü Pyrrhula pyrrhula, êåäðîâêà, êîíüêè, (Êîïüåâñêèé êóïîë) – íà óòêàõ (33,33%) è îëèâêîâûé äðîçä Turdus obscurus è ñâèðè- äðîçäàõ (27,27%), îáèòàþùèå íà êðóïíûõ ñòåëü Bombysilla garrulus), à â ãíåçäå ïðè- âûñîêîãîðíûõ îç¸ðàõ (îç. Õèíäèêòèã-Õîëü) ñóòñòâîâàëè â áîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå îñòàòêè – íà ÷àéêîâûõ (63,63%), ñðåäè êîòîðûõ õàðèóñîâ (Thymallus arcticus), êîòîðûõ ñî- äîìèíèðóåò ðå÷íàÿ êðà÷êà (50%), è óòêàõ êîëû îòáèðàëè, âåðîÿòíî, ó ñêîï (Pandion (13,64%), ñåëÿùèåñÿ â ñêàëüíûõ ìàññèâàõ haliaetus) (Êàðòàøîâ, 2003). êðóïíûõ ñòåïíûõ ðåê (ð. Åíèñåé) – íà óòêàõ Ïî íàáëþäåíèÿì Ï.Ï. Ñóøêèíà (1914) Îñòàòêè ïèùè ñàïñàíà (29,94%) è êóëèêàõ (11,26%). ñàïñàíû â Òóâå îõîòÿòñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà ïðèñàäå áëèç ãíåçäà.  îäíîì èç ãí¸çä íà Åíèñåå îáíàðóæåíû çà ìåëêèìè ïòèöàìè, ÷òî íå ñîâñåì ñòûêó- Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. îñòàòêè ðûáû, êîòîðóþ ñàïñàíû îòáèðàëè åòñÿ ñ íàøèìè äàííûìè. Âîçìîæíî, ìåë- Remains of a Peregrine ó ÷¸ðíûõ àèñòîâ (Ciconia nigra), ãíåçäÿ- êèå ïòèöû èãðàþò âàæíóþ ðîëü â ïèòàíèè Falcon’s prey on a perch near the nest. ùèõñÿ íà òîé æå ñêàëå â 120 ì îò ãíåçäà çèìóþùèõ ïòèö. Photo by I. Karyakin. ñîêîëîâ. Ïî äàííûì Ê.À. Þäèíà (1952) íà þãå Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ â ïèòàíèè ñàïñàíà áîëüøóþ ðîëü èãðàþò äÿòëû (Picidae), êå- äðîâêè, ñîéêè (Garrulus glandarius), äðîç- äû, îñåíüþ – ãîëóáè; èçâåñòåí ñëó÷àé, êîãäà âûâîäîê ñàïñàíîâ áûë âûêîðìëåí ïðàêòè÷åñêè íà îäíèõ êåäðîâêàõ, êîòîðûõ âçðîñëûå ïòèöû ëîâèëè â äîëèíå Åíèñåÿ.

Óãðîçû Åñòåñòâåííûìè ôàêòîðàìè, îïðåäå- ëÿþùèìè çàíÿòîñòü ó÷àñòêîâ è óñïåõ ðàç- ìíîæåíèÿ ñàïñàíîâ, ÿâëÿþòñÿ êëèìàòè÷å- ñêèå èçìåíåíèÿ è êîëåáàíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè îñíîâíûõ îáúåêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ (ïòèö). Îäíàêî, â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî ðàöèîí ñàïñàíà áîëåå ðàçíîîáðàçåí, è îí íå ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàí äîñòàòî÷íî óçêî íà êàêîì-òî îïðåäåë¸ííîì âèäå, êàê áàëîáàí, äåïðåññèè ÷èñëåííîñòè îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ, êîòîðûìè îí ïèòàåòñÿ, íå 124 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

íà ñàïñàíà ôèëèí îêàçûâàåò òàêîé æå ïðåññ, êàê è íà áàëîáàíà, à ìîæåò äàæå è áîëüøèé, òàê êàê â ïðèäîëèííûõ ñêàëü- íûõ ìàññèâàõ, ÿâëÿþùèõñÿ îñíîâíûìè ãíåçäîâûìè áèîòîïàìè ñàïñàíà, ãîðàçäî ìåíüøå âîçìîæíîñòåé äëÿ ýòèõ õèùíèêîâ äèñòàíöèðîâàòüñÿ äðóã îò äðóãà íà áåçî- ïàñíîå ðàññòîÿíèå, ÷åì â ñêàëüíûõ ìàñ- ñèâàõ îïóñòûíåííûõ è ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíîâ áàëîáàíó è ôèëèíó. Ñ áàëîáàíîì ó ñàïñàíà íàáëþäàåòñÿ îñòðàÿ êîíêóðåíöèÿ çà ãíåçäîâûå ñêàëû, â êîòîðîé ñàïñàí óñòóïàåò áàëîáàíó.  áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ñàïñàí äèñòàíöè- ðóåòñÿ îò áàëîáàíà íà ðàññòîÿíèå áîëåå 10 êì, õîòÿ íàáëþäàåòñÿ ãíåçäîâàíèå áàëîáàíà è ñàïñàíà äîñòàòî÷íî áëèçêî äðóã ê äðóãó. Íà ðàññòîÿíèè ìåíåå 10 êì îò áàëîáàíîâ â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ãíåçäèòñÿ 30,26% ïàð ñàïñàíîâ èç 76. Ñë¸òêè ñàïñàíà. ïðèâîäÿò ê ñèëüíîìó ïàäåíèþ çàíÿòîñòè Ìèíèìàëüíûå äèñòàíöèè ìåæäó ïàðàìè áà- Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ó÷àñòêîâ. Ïîýòîìó îñíîâíûì ôàêòîðîì, ëîáàíîâ è ñàïñàíîâ âàðüèðóþò îò 0,83 êì Fledglings of the âëèÿþùèì íà çàíÿòîñòü ó÷àñòêîâ è óñïåõ äî 9,45 êì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (n=23) Peregrine Falcon. ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ñàïñàíà, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïîãîäíûå 5,08±2,85 êì. Íà ðàññòîÿíèè ìåíåå 2 êì Photo by I. Karyakin. óñëîâèÿ. Ïî-âèäèìîìó, ïðè õîëîäíîé è îò ãí¸çä áàëîáàíà ãíåçäèòñÿ ëèøü 4 ïàðû ïîçäíåé âåñíå ó ñàïñàíîâ ãèáíåò çíà÷è- ñàïñàíîâ (5,26%). Òàêèå ñëó÷àè èçâåñòíû òåëüíàÿ ÷àñòü êëàäîê èëè æå ïòèöû ïðîñòî íà Ñåìèíñêîì õðåáòå â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íå ïðèñòóïàþò ê ðàçìíîæåíèþ. (830 ì) è â Õàêàñèè â äîëèíå Åíèñåÿ íà Îñíîâíûì õèùíèêîì, ëèìèòèðóþùèì ó÷àñòêå Õàêàññêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà «Îãëàõ- ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà â ïðèðîäå, ÿâëÿåò- òû» (1,4 êì), íà êóýñòàõ íàä ð. Áåëûé Èþñ ñÿ ôèëèí (Bubo bubo), êîòîðûé äîâîëü- (1,08 êì) è íàä îç. Îøêîëü (1,89 êì). íî ÷àñòî äîáûâàåò ïòåíöîâ è ñë¸òêîâ.  Èçìåíåíèå ìåñòîîáèòàíèé â ðåçóëüòà- 2000 ã. â Õàêàñèè ïðîøëîãîäíèå îñòàíêè òå äåÿòåëüíîñòè ÷åëîâåêà â ðåãèîíå ïîêà ïòåíöà ñàïñàíà áûëè îáíàðóæåíû â ïî- âðÿä ëè îêàçûâàåò ñóùåñòâåííîå âëèÿíèå ãàäêàõ ôèëèíà íà ó÷àñòêå ýòîãî õèùíèêà, íà ñàïñàíà, ò.ê. ïðîèñõîäèò ëîêàëüíî è íå ðàñïîëàãàâøåìñÿ â íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé áûñòðûìè òåìïàìè. Ïîêà íå ïîëó÷åíî äî- áëèçîñòè îò ãíåçäà ñàïñàíà.  2002 ã. ñòîâåðíûõ ôàêòîâ êàêîãî-ëèáî îòðèöàòåëü- îñòàíêè äâóõ ïòåíöîâ ñàïñàíà, ñúåäåí- íîãî âëèÿíèÿ íà ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ñàïñàíà â íûõ ôèëèíîì, îáíàðóæåíû íà ð. Áåðäü ðåçóëüòàòå ñòðîèòåëüñòâà àâòîìîáèëüíûõ â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè (Êàðÿêèí è äð., èëè æåëåçíûõ äîðîã ÷åðåç ìåñòà ãíåçäîâà- 2005á). Íà ìíîãèõ ñêàëàõ â Õàêàñèè ãí¸ç- íèÿ ýòîãî ñîêîëà, õîòÿ â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ îíî äà ñàïñàíà òåñíî ñîñåäñòâîâàëè ñ æèëûìè ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ.  äîëèíå ð. Ìàíû ñàïñàí ãí¸çäàìè ôèëèíà ëèáî âîîáùå ðàñïîëà- íà ãíåçäîâàíèè âäîëü æåëåçíîé äîðîãè íà- ãàëèñü â íèøàõ, ðàíåå çàíèìàâøèõñÿ äëÿ áëþäàëñÿ ñ òàêîé æå ïëîòíîñòüþ, ÷òî è â ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ôèëèíàìè. Õèùíè÷åñêèé íåíàðóøåííîé ÷àñòè äîëèíû. Òî æå ñàìîå ïðåññ ôèëèíà íà ñàïñàíà â ðåãèîíå íå ìîæíî ñêàçàòü î ð. Îíà, ãäå ãíåçäîâàíèå èçó÷åí. Èçó÷àëñÿ ïðåññ ôèëèíà íà áàëî- ñàïñàíà âäîëü òðàññû íàáëþäàåòñÿ ñ ïëîò- áàíà â Òóâå.  ðåçóëüòàòå áûëî âûÿñíåíî, íîñòüþ, àíàëîãè÷íîé ïëîòíîñòè íà íåíà- ÷òî ëèøü â 20,5% ñëó÷àåâ áåçóñïåøíîãî ðóøåííîé ÷àñòè ðåêè, îäíàêî íà ð. Óñ, ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áàëîáàíà ïðè÷èíîé ÿâëÿ- âäîëü òðàññû Àáàêàí – Êûçûë, âèä îòñóò- åòñÿ õèùíè÷åñòâî ôèëèíà, ïîëíûé îò- ñòâóåò íà ãíåçäîâàíèè, õîòÿ íà óäàë¸ííûõ õîä ïîòîìñòâà áàëîáàíà ïî âèíå ôèëèíà îò òðàññû ó÷àñòêàõ äîëèíû åãî ãíåçäîâà- çà 10 ëåò íàáëþäàëñÿ â 5,8% ñëó÷àåâ, çà íèå óñòàíîâëåíî. Ïî íàáëþäåíèÿì ðÿäà 10 ëåò èññëåäîâàíèé ôèëèíû ðàñôîð- èññëåäîâàòåëåé, íå ïðîèñõîäèò ñîêðàùå- ìèðîâàëè 9% ïàð áàëîáàíîâ, óíè÷òîæàÿ íèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíîâ â ðåçóëüòàòå çà- âçðîñëûõ ïòèö, ÷òî â 3% ñëó÷àåâ ÿâèëîñü òîïëåíèÿ äîëèí ãîðíûõ ðåê, ïðè óñëîâèè ïðè÷èíîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò- ñîõðàíåíèÿ ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ ñêàë âûøå êîâ èç 429 ïîñåù¸ííûõ (Êàðÿêèí, Íèêî- óðîâíÿ ïîäïîðà.  ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðè çàòî- ëåíêî, 2008). Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ïëåíèè ðóñëà Åíèñåÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 125

íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêîì çàïî- ðàùåííûå â ïèòîìíèêàõ ïòèöû è ñàïñàíû âåäíèêå ñóùåñòâåííî íå èçìåíèëàñü (Ñòà- òóíäðîâîãî ïîäâèäà.  ñâåòå ýòîãî ìîæíî õååâ è äð., 1999). ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî óðîâåíü íåçàêîííî- Ãèáåëü ñîêîëîâ íà ËÝÏ 6–10 ê îïðåäå- ãî îòëîâà ñàïñàíà äëÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû ë¸ííî èãðàåò ðîëü â ñíèæåíèè ïðîäóêòèâ- â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå îòíîñèòåëüíî íîñòè ïîïóëÿöèè âèäà â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì íèçêèé è ñîâåðøåííî íå ñðàâíèì ñ óðîâ- ðåãèîíå.  ÷àñòíîñòè, íèçêàÿ ïëîòíîñòü íåì îòëîâà áàëîáàíà. ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ñòåïíûõ êîòëî-  Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ñèòóàöèÿ ñ âèíàõ, îïóòàííûõ ñåòüþ ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ñàïñàíîì âûãëÿäèò ãîðàçäî ëó÷øå, ïî ñðàâ- ËÝÏ, ÿâëÿåòñÿ îò÷àñòè ñëåäñòâèåì ãèáåëè íåíèþ ñ ñèòóàöèåé ñ áàëîáàíîì.  ñåâåð- ïòèö íà ýòèõ ËÝÏ îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðî- íîé è çàïàäíîé ÷àñòÿõ ðåãèîíà, â íàñòîÿ- òîêîì. Äàííûé ôàêòîð òîëüêî íà÷àë èçó- ùåå âðåìÿ, ïî-âèäèìîìó ïðîèñõîäèò ðîñò ÷àòüñÿ â 2009 ã. Òàê, ïàðà â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà â ëåñîñòåïè è ñòåïè áûëà ðàñôîðìèðîâàíà â ðåçóëüòàòå ãèáå- íà ôîíå ñîêðàòèâøåéñÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëî- ëè ñàìêè, òðóï êîòîðîé íàéäåí ïîä áåòîí- áàíà. Ïî äàííûì Ñ.Ì. Ïðîêîôüåâà (ëè÷íîå íîé îïîðîé ËÝÏ-10 áëèç Êîø-Àãà÷à 19 ñîîáùåíèå) íà 4-õ ó÷àñòêàõ èç 17 (23,53%), èþëÿ 2009 ã. Èç 39 ñàïñàíîâ, âñòðå÷åííûõ â 2009 ã., 15,4% ïòèö íàáëþäàëèñü ñèäÿ- ùèìè íà îïîðàõ ËÝÏ ñðåäíåé ìîùíîñòè, â òîì ÷èñëå ïîëîâèíà èç íèõ – íà áåòîí- íûõ îïîðàõ ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ. Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî â 5–10-êèëîìåòðîâîé çîíå îò ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ, â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ, ãèáåëü ñàïñàíà äîñòàòî÷íî âû- ñîêà è, êàê ìèíèìóì, íà ïîëîâèíå òàêèõ òåððèòîðèé ñîêîë îòñóòñòâóåò íà ãíåçäî- âàíèè ïî ïðè÷èíå ãèáåëè íà ËÝÏ. Òàêîé ôàêòîð, êàê îòðàâëåíèå ÄÄÒ – îäèí èç îñíîâíûõ ôàêòîðîâ, ïîâëåêøèõ âûìèðàíèå ñàïñàíà íà îáøèðíûõ ïðî- ñòðàíñòâàõ àðåàëà â 70–80-õ ãã. ÕÕ ñòî- ëåòèÿ, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ïîòåðÿë àêòó- àëüíîñòü êàê â ðåãèîíå, òàê è íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè àðåàëà âèäà çà ïðåäåëà- ìè ðåãèîíà. Ñàïñàí îïðåäåë¸ííî ñòðàäàåò îò áðàêî- íüåðñêîãî îòëîâà, ïîäîáíî áàëîáàíó, îä- íàêî, â ñâÿçè ñ ìåíüøèì ñïðîñîì íà ýòîò âèä â ñòðàíàõ Áëèæíåãî Âîñòîêà, ïðåññ íà íåãî íåçíà÷èòåëåí. Äàæå ïðè óñèëåíèè ñïðîñà íà ñàïñàíà, êàê íà ëîâ÷óþ ïòèöó, åãî ïîïóëÿöèè áóäóò òåðïåòü ìåíüøèé óðîí îò èçúÿòèÿ ïòåíöîâ, ÷åì ïîïóëÿöèè áàëîáàíà, â ñâÿçè ñ ìåíüøåé äîñòóïíîñòüþ èõ ìåñò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ. Êàê óãðîæàþùèé ìî- æåò áûòü ëèøü îòëîâ ïòèö íà ïðîë¸òå è çèìîâêàõ, îäíàêî âëèÿíèå ýòîãî ôàêòîðà íà ïîïóëÿöèþ Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà íå èçó÷åíî. Ñóäÿ ïî äàííûì àíàëèçà ñî- Ñàïñàí, ñèäÿùèé íà áåòîííîé îïîðå ïòèöåîïàñíîé êîëîâ ðàçíûõ âèäîâ, ïîñòóïàþùèõ â ãî- ËÝÏ 6–10 ê áëèç ñ. Ìèõàéëîâêà Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñïèòàëü êðóïíåéøåãî ñîêîëèíîãî öåíòðà 21 èþëÿ 2009 ã. (ââåðõó), è ñàìêà ñàïñàíà, ïîãèáøàÿ îò ïîðàæåíèÿ ýëåêòðîòîêîì â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè áëèç â Ýð-Ðèÿäå (Ñàóäîâñêàÿ Àðàâèÿ), íà ðó- ñ. Êîø-Àãà÷ Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé 19 èþëÿ 2009 ã. (âíè- êàõ ó àðàáñêèõ ñîêîëüíèêîâ êîëè÷åñòâî çó). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ñàïñàíîâ â 1998–2002 ãã. âàðüèðîâàëî A Peregrine sitting on a concrete electric pole of îò 12,8 äî 14,7% â ãîä, ñîñòàâèâ çà 5 ëåò 6–10 kV overhead power line which is hazardous to (n=6169) 13,3% îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà ñî- birds, near the village Mikhailovka, Altai Kray on July êîëîâ (Naldo, Samour, 2003). Îïðåäåë¸í- 21, 2009 (top); and a female Peregrine electrocuted in the Chuiskaya steppe near the village Kosh-Agach, íî, ÷àñòü èç 823 ñàïñàíîâ, ïðîøåäøèõ the Republic of Altai on July 19, 2009 (bottom). ÷åðåç ãîñïèòàëü â 1998–2002 ãã., – ýòî âû- Photos by I. Karyakin. 126 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

êîòîðûå ìû ïîñåòèëè â Ìèíóñèíñêîé êîò-  êà÷åñòâå ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ìåðîïðè- ëîâèíå è ãäå îáíàðóæèëè íà ãíåçäîâà- ÿòèé, ñïîñîáñòâóþùèõ óâåëè÷åíèþ ÷èñ- íèè ñàïñàíà, ðàíåå ãíåçäèëèñü áàëîáàíû. ëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà, ñëåäóåò ðåêîìåíäîâàòü Îïðåäåë¸ííî ëèøü â ïîñëåäíèå íåñêîëüêî ðåàëèçàöèþ ïòèöåçàùèòíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ëåò è òîëüêî ïîñëå èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ áàëîáàíà íà ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ËÝÏ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ñàïñàí ïîÿâèëñÿ íà þæíîì øëåéôå Êóðàé- â ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ Àëòàÿ, ãîðíîé ÷àñòè ñêîãî õðåáòà â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé. Âñåëåíèå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, Êóçíåöêîé è Ìèíóñèí- ñàïñàíà â ëåñîñòåïíîé ëàíäøàôò, ðàíåå ñêîé êîòëîâèíàõ â Êåìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòè è íàñåë¸ííûé áàëîáàíàìè, íà ôîíå ðåçêîãî Ðåñïóáëèêå Õàêàñèÿ. ïàäåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè ïîñëåäíèõ, ïðîèñõî- äèò è â Ïðèáàéêàëüå, ãäå â 1999 ã. íàéäåíî Áëàãîäàðíîñòè 3 ãíåçäà ýòîãî âèäà â òèïè÷íûõ äëÿ áàëîáà- Õî÷åòñÿ âûðàçèòü áëàãîäàðíîñòü âñåì íà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿõ (Ryabtsev, 2003). êîëëåãàì, ïîìîãàâøèì ñîáèðàòü ìàòåðèàë ïî õèùíûì ïòèöàì Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðå- Çàêëþ÷åíèå ãèîíà, â òîì ÷èñëå ïî ñàïñàíó, îñîáåííî Îáøèðíûå òà¸æíûå ðàéîíû Ñåâåðíîãî Àííå Áàðàøêîâîé, Ñåðãåþ Âàæîâó, Ìàê- Àëòàÿ, Êóçíåöêîãî Àëàòàó, Ñàÿí è Âîñ- ñèìó Ãðàáîâñêîìó, Àíòîíó Ãðèøèíó, Ëåî- òî÷íîé Òûâû îñòàþòñÿ äî ñèõ ïîð ïëîõî íèäó Êîíîâàëîâó, Ðîìàíó Ëàïøèíó, Àëåê- ñåþ Îðëåíêî, Àíäðåþ Ïóðåõîâñêîìó, Ñàïñàí. Àíàñòàñèè Ðûáåíêî, Èëüå Ñìåëÿíñêîìó è Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Àííå Øåñòàêîâîé, ó÷àñòâîâàâøèì â ýêñ- Peregrine Falcon. ïåäèöèÿõ, äèðåêòîðó Ñàÿíî-Øóøåíñêîãî Photo by I. Karyakin. çàïîâåäíèêà À.Ã. Ðàññîëîâó, áûâøåìó äè- ðåêòîðó Õàêàññêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà Ã.Â. Äå- âÿòêèíó è áûâøåìó çàì. äèðåêòîðà ïî ÍÈÐ çàïîâåäíèêà «Óáñóíóðñêàÿ êîòëîâè- íà», íûíå äèðåêòîðó çàïîâåäíèêà «Àçàñ» Ì.Ì. Êûíûðàà, âñåöåëî ïîìîãàâøèì â îð- ãàíèçàöèè ýêñïåäèöèé â 1999–2001 ãã., à òàêæå âîäèòåëÿì Ìèõàèëó Êîæåâíèêîâó è Àíäðåþ Ñåì¸íîâó, íà ïëå÷è êîòîðûõ ë¸ã îñíîâíîé òðóä ïî ýêñòðåìàëüíîìó âîæäå- íèþ â ãîðàõ. îáñëåäîâàííûìè, ÷òî íå ïîçâîëÿåò òî÷íî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäî- Ëèòåðàòóðà âàíèè â ðåãèîíå. Ïîëó÷åííàÿ îöåíêà ÷èñ- Áàðàíîâ À.À. Ðåäêèå è èñ÷åçàþùèå æèâîòíûå ëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà â 681–1059 ãíåçäÿùèõ- Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ. Ïòèöû è ìëåêîïèòàþùèå: ñÿ ïàð ìîæåò ñ÷èòàòüñÿ íåêîé ñòàðòîâîé, Ó÷åá. ïîñîáèå. Êðàñíîÿðñê, 1988. 127 ñ. Áàðàíîâ À.À. Ðåäêèå è ìàëîèçó÷åííûå ïòèöû êîòîðàÿ áóäåò êîððåêòèðîâàòüñÿ â õîäå Òóâû: Ìîíîãðàôèÿ. Êðàñíîÿðñê, 1991. 320 ñ. äàëüíåéøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé. Ñ áîëüøîé äî- Áàðàíîâ À.À. Ñàïñàí. – Ïòèöû Ñðåäíåé Ñè- ëåé âåðîÿòíîñòè ýòà îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè áèðè. 2000 (http://birds.krasu.ru/index.php?f= çàíèæåíà, è ïî ìåðå îáñëåäîâàíèÿ íîâûõ species&ids=86). ðàéîíîâ ðåãèîíà è ïîïîëíåíèè ó÷¸òíûõ Áàðàøêîâà À.Í., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Òîìè- äàííûõ îíà áóäåò ëèøü óâåëè÷èâàòüñÿ. ëåíêî À.À. Íåêîòîðûå ñâåäåíèÿ î ïåðíàòûõ Íåèçâåñòíûìè îñòàþòñÿ ìåñòà çèìîâîê õèùíèêàõ ÊÎÒÐ «Ìàññèâ Òàëäóàèð», Þãî- è ïóòè ìèãðàöèè àëòàå-ñàÿíñêèõ ñàïñàíîâ, Âîñòî÷íûé Àëòàé, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2009. ¹15. Ñ. 80–89. ïîýòîìó ïðè ïëàíèðîâàíèè äàëüíåéøèõ Áåëÿíêèí À.Ô. Ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ è áèîëî- èññëåäîâàíèé ýòîãî âèäà â ðåãèîíå èìååò ãèè ñàïñàíà â äîëèíå ð. Òîìè. – Îòðàæåíèå äî- ñìûñë âêëþ÷àòü â íèõ ñïóòíèêîâóþ òåëå- ñòèæåíèé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé íàóêè â ó÷åáíîì ìåòðèþ ñîêîëîâ. ïðîöåññå ñðåäíèõ øêîë è âóçîâ è íàðîäíîì Ñàïñàí, íåñîìíåííî, ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåäêèì õîçÿéñòâå: òåçèñû 4-ãî ñîâåùàíèÿ îðíèòîëîãîâ âèäîì Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðåãèîíà è òðå- Ïîâîëæñêî-Óðàëüñêîãî ðåãèîíà. Ïåðìü, 1984. áóåò ê ñåáå ñïåöèàëüíîãî âíèìàíèÿ. Òåì Ñ. 109–110. Áîãîìîëîâ Ä.Â., Èãíàòåíêî Á.Í. Íàáëþäåíèÿ íå ìåíåå, åãî ñòàòóñ îòíîñèòåëüíî áëàãî- çà õèùíûìè ïòèöàìè ïëàòî Óêîê. – Èçó÷åíèå è ïîëó÷åí, ñîêðàùåíèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè íå íà- îõðàíà õèùíûõ ïòèö Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè: Ìàòå- áëþäàåòñÿ, à â ðÿäå ðàéîíîâ ðåãèîíà îíà ðèàëû V ìåæäóíàðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè ïî õèù- ðàñò¸ò. Âèä îõðàíÿåòñÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â íûì ïòèöàì Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè. Èâàíîâî, 4–7 çàïîâåäíèêàõ «Àëòàéñêèé», «Êóçíåöêèé ôåâðàëÿ 2008 ã. Èâàíîâî, 2008. Ñ. 193–195. Àëàòàó», «Õàêàññêèé», «Ñòîëáû» è «Àçàñ». Âàæîâ Ñ.Â., Áàõòèí Ð.Ô. Î âñòðå÷àõ ðåäêèõ Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 127

âèäîâ ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ (Falconiformes) â Àëòàé- äåìèîëîãèè. – Îêðóæàþùàÿ ñðåäà è çäîðîâüå ñêîì è Ñîâåòñêîì ðàéîíàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. ÷åëîâåêà: Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1981. – Áèîðàçíîîáðàçèå, ïðîáëåìû ýêîëîãèè Ãîð- Ñ. 23–25. íîãî Àëòàÿ è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ ðåãèîíîâ: íàñòîÿ- Èðèñîâà Í.Ë. Ñàïñàí. – Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðåñïó- ùåå, ïðîøëîå, áóäóùåå. Ìàòåðèàëû Ìåæäóíà- áëèêè Àëòàé. Æèâîòíûå. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1996. ðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè. Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñê, 2008. Ñ. 149–151. Ñ. 56–60. Êàðòàøîâ Í.Ä. Ñàïñàí. – Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðå- Âàæîâ Ñ.Â., Áàõòèí Ð.Ô. Âñòðå÷è ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ñïóáëèêè Òûâà: Æèâîòíûå. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 2002. ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â îêðåñòíîñòè ãîðîäà Áèé- Ñ. 91–92. ñêà, Àëòàéñêèé êðàé, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèù- Êàðòàøîâ Í.Ä. Ê ýêîëîãèè ñàïñàíà (Falco íèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2009. ¹15. Ñ. 112–113. peregrinus Tunst.) â Ðåñïóáëèêå Òûâà. – Ñîâðå- Âàëþõ Â.Í. Ðàçìåùåíèå è ñîñòîÿíèå ÷èñëåí- ìåííûå ïðîáëåìû îðíèòîëîãèè Ñèáèðè è Öåí- íîñòè íåêîòîðûõ ðåäêèõ è ìàëîèçó÷åííûõ âè- òðàëüíîé Àçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû II Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé äîâ ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ. îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè. ×. 2. Óëàí- – Ôàóíà è ýêîëîãèÿ æèâîòíûõ Ñðåäíåé Ñèáè- Óäý, 2003. Ñ. 128–133. ðè. Ìåæâóç. ñá. íàó÷í. òð. Êðàñíîÿðñê, 1996. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Óðàëüñêîãî Ñ. 40–47. ðåãèîíà: Ñîêîëîîáðàçíûå (Falconiformes), Ñî- Âàñèëü÷åíêî À.À. Ñïèñîê ïòèö çàïîâåäíèêà âîîáðàçíûå (Strigiformes). Ïåðìü, 1998. 483 ñ. (õàðàêòåð ïðåáûâàíèÿ, ÷èñëåííîñòü, ðàñïðî- Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè (ìåòîäè- ñòðàíåíèå). – Çàïîâåäíèê «Êóçíåöêèé Àëàòàó». ÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî èçó÷åíèþ ñîêîëîî- Êåìåðîâî, 1999à. Ñ. 145–155. áðàçíûõ è ñîâîîáðàçíûõ). Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä, Âàñèëü÷åíêî À.À. Ðåäêèå æèâîòíûå Êóçíåö- 2004. 351 ñ. êîãî Àëàòàó. Ïòèöû. – Çàïîâåäíèê «Êóçíåöêèé Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) è áà- Àëàòàó». Êåìåðîâî, 1999á. 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Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1952. 142 ñ. ëàíäøàôòîâ. – Ïðèðîäà î÷àãîâ êëåùåâîãî Naldo J.L., Samour J.H. Update from the Fahad ýíöåôàëèòà íà Àëòàå. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1967. Bin Sultan Falcon Center. – Falco. 2003. ¹21. Ñ. 66–75. P. 13–14. Ðàâêèí Þ.Ñ. Ïòèöû Ñåâåðî-Âîñòî÷íîãî Àë- Ryabtsev V.V. Peregrine Falcon in Pribaikal òàÿ. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1973. 374 ñ. Region. – Falco. 2003. ¹22. P. 3–4. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 129

ImperialEagleintheAltaiMountains:ResultsoftheResearchin2009, Russia МОГИЛЬНИК В ГОРАХ АЛТАЯ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ 2009 ГОДА, РОССИЯ KaryakinI.V.(CenterofFieldStudies,N.Novgorod,Russia) NikolenkoE.G.(SiberianEnvironmentalCenter,Novosibirsk,Russia) VazhovS.V.(AltaiStateUniversity,Barnaul,Russia) BekmansurovR.H.(NP"NizhnyayaKama",Elabuga,Russia) Карякин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н. Новгород, Россия) Николенко Э.Г. (МБОО «Сибирский экологический центр», Новосибирск, Россия) Важов С.В. (Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия) Бекмансуров Р.Х. (Национальный парк «Нижняя Кама», Елабуга, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Àáñòðàêò Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí  ñòàòüå ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé àâòîðîâ â 2009 ã.  ñåçîí 2009 ã. â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ áûëî âûÿâëåíî Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ 122 íîâûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) (35 â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå è 87 â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé). Íà èññëåäîâàíèé 109 ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíî 154 ãíåçäîâûå ïîñòðîéêè îðëîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå 54 æèëûõ ãíåçäà, íà êîòîðûõ íàáëþ- 603000 Ðîññèÿ äàëèñü âçðîñëûå ïòèöû, 4 ãíåçäà ñ æèâûìè êëàäêàìè è 3 – ñ ïîãèáøèìè, 22 ãíåçäà ñ æèâûìè ïòåíöàìè è 1 – ñ Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä ïîãèáøèìè, 16 ãí¸çä áûëè çàíÿòû ïòèöàìè, íî ïóñòîâàëè â ìîìåíò èõ îáíàðóæåíèÿ ïî ïðè÷èíå íåóäà÷íîãî óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17 ðàçìíîæåíèÿ èëè åãî îòñóòñòâèÿ. Ó÷òåíî 212 âçðîñëûõ ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå 19 ïòèö â âîçðàñòå 4–5-òè ëåò, ó÷à- òåë.: +7 831 433 38 47 ñòâóþùèõ â ðàçìíîæåíèè, 18 ïòèö â âîçðàñòå 3–4-õ ëåò, íå ïðèâÿçàííûõ ê ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì è 19 ñë¸òêîâ [email protected] ïðîøëîãî ãîäà, 3 èç êîòîðûõ íàáëþäàëèñü íà ó÷àñòêàõ ñ ðàçìíîæàþùèìèñÿ âçðîñëûìè ïòèöàìè. Ïîìèìî ýòî- ãî, â ðàìêàõ ìîíèòîðèíãà, ïðîâåðåíî 36 ðàíåå èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêîâ (25 â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå è 11 â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé), âñòðå÷åíî 58 âçðîñëûõ ïòèö íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ è 11 ìîëîäûõ ïòèö, íå Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ïðèâÿçàííûõ ê êàêîé-ëèáî òåððèòîðèè. Ïîäòâåðæäåíà îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäîâîé ïîïóëÿöèè ìîãèëüíèêà ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ â 683–811 ïàð, ñäåëàííàÿ ðàíåå (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2009). ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: õèùíûå ïòèöû, ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè, ìîãèëüíèê, Aquila heliaca, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ÷èñëåí- 630090 Ðîññèÿ, íîñòü, ãíåçäîâàÿ áèîëîãèÿ, Àëòàé. Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 òåë.: +7 383 363 00 59 Abstract [email protected] Paper is based on data of researches of authors in 2009. We observed 122 new breeding territories of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) (35 territories in the Altai Kray and 87 territories in the Republic of Altai). There are 154 nests Ñåðãåé Âàæîâ discovered in 109 territories including 54 living nests with only adult birds, 4 nests with alive and 3 with dead àñïèðàíò Àëòàéñêîãî clutches, 22 nests with alive and 1 with dead chicks; also 16 nests had been occupied by birds, but was empty ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî during the moment of their inspection owing to no or unsuccessful breeding. We recorded 212 adults including óíèâåðñèòåòà 19 breeding birds in the age of 4–5 years, 18 non-breeding birds in the age of 3–4 years and 19 subadults 1 year 659300 Ðîññèÿ old, 3 from which were observed on territories occupied breeding pairs. Besides this 36 breeding territories known Áèéñê, à/ÿ 25 earlier were monitored (25 – in the Altai Kray and 11 – in the Republic of Altai); 58 adults on breeding territories òåë.: +7 3854 35 72 52 and 11 non-breeding subadults were noted. Our earlier estimation of the breeding population number in the Altai [email protected] mountains at 683–811 pairs (Karyakin at al., 2009) has been confirmed. Keywords: birds of prey, raptors, Imperial Eagle, Aquila heliaca, distribution, population status, breeding biology, Ðèíóð Áåêìàíñóðîâ Altai Mountains. Íàöèîíàëüíûé ïàðê «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà» 423600 Ðîññèÿ Òàòàðñòàí, ã. Åëàáóãà Ìåòîäèêà The field party of the Center of Field Studies ïð. Íåôòÿíèêîâ, 175 òåë.: +7 85557 4 33 56  2009 ã. ñ 15 ìàÿ ïî 21 èþëÿ ýêñïå- and the Siberian Environmental Center con- [email protected] äèöèîííîé ãðóïïîé Öåíòðà ïîëåâûõ èñ- tinued studies of distribution, number and ñëåäîâàíèé è Ñèáèðñêîãî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî breeding biology of the Imperial Eagle (Aq- öåíòðà ïðîäîëæåíà ðàáîòà ïî èçó÷åíèþ uila heliaca) in the Altai Mountains on 15 ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ, ÷èñëåííîñòè è ãíåçäî- May – 21 July, 2009. Monitoring the popu- âîé áèîëîãèè ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) lation the breeding territories of the Imperial â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ. Ñ öåëüþ ìîíèòîðèíãà ïî- Eagle had been revealed earlier in the terri- ïóëÿöèè ïîñåùàëèñü ðàíåå âûÿâëåííûå tory of the Altai Kray and the Republic of ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ìîãèëüíèêà íà òåððè- Altai were visited. New territories were also òîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå surveyed to make the estimated number of ð. ×àðûø è ð. Àíóé, à òàêæå èõ íàèáîëåå the Imperial Eagle and its distribution more êðóïíûå ïðèòîêè) è Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé exact. We set up 18 study plots with a total (âåðõíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Àíóé, Óñòü-Êàíñêàÿ area of 5041.6 km2. The technique of the êîòëîâèíà, äîëèíà ð. Åëî, Êóðàéñêàÿ Imperial Eagle’s breeding territory reveal- ñòåïü). Äëÿ áîëåå äåòàëüíîãî èçó÷åíèÿ ing and nest searching was described earlier ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ è óâåëè÷åíèÿ òî÷íîñòè (Karyakin et al., 2009). 130 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Contact: îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ìîãèëüíèêà ïîñåùà- For the period of current surveys 122 new Igor Karyakin ëèñü íîâûå òåððèòîðèè: ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå breeding territories of the Imperial Eagle Center of Field Studies Korolenko str., 17a–17 ð. Ïåñ÷àíîé è å¸ ëåâîáåðåæíûå ïðèòîêè, were found (35 in the Altai Kray and 87 in Nizhniy Novgorod ñåâåðî-çàïàäíàÿ ÷àñòü Ñåìèíñêîãî õðåá- the Republic of Altai) (fig. 1). We revealed 603000 Russia òà (Àëòàéñêèé êðàé), âåðõíåå òå÷åíèå ðåê 154 nest in 109 territories: 9 nests were not tel.: +7 831 433 38 47 Ïåñ÷àíàÿ, Àíóé, äîëèíà ð. Êàðàêîë (ïðè- checked up, 54 were occupied, where adult [email protected] òîê ð. Àíóé), çàïàäíàÿ ÷àñòü Óñòü-Êàíñêîé birds were observed, but contents of nests Elvira Nikolenko êîòëîâèíû, Àáàéñêàÿ è Óéìîíñêàÿ ñòåïè, were not checked up, 4 nests were with NGO Siberian íèæíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Êîêñà è äîëèíû å¸ ïðè- hatched clutches, 3 – with dead clutches, 3 Environmental Center òîêîâ Êàðàãàé è Áàííàÿ, äîëèíà Êàòóíè nests were destroyed, including 2 of them P.O. Box 547, Novosibirsk âäîëü ×óéñêîãî òðàêòà îò óñòüÿ ð. ×óÿ äî during hatching; nestlings were recorded in 630090 Russia óñòüÿ ð. Áîë. Èëüãóìåíü, äîëèíû ðåê Òàð- 22 nests, and a dead brood was noted in tel.: +7 383 363 00 59 õàòà, Äæàçàòîð, Êàëãóòû, âåðõíåå òå÷åíèå one nest, 16 nests were empty at the mo- [email protected] ðåê Àê-Àëàõà è Àðãóò (Àëòàé). Çàëîæåíî ment of their inspection due to unsuccessful Sergey Vazhov 18 ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ breeding or its absence (in one case one of Altai State University 5041,6 êì2. partners was authentically electrocuted) but P.O. Box 25, Biysk Âûÿâëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëü- had been occupied by birds; 42 nests were 659300 Russia íèêà è ïîèñê ãí¸çä ïðîâîäèëñÿ ïî òîé old, 38 of them were located in the occu- tel.: +7 3854 35 72 52 [email protected] æå ìåòîäèêå, ÷òî è ðàíåå (Êàðÿêèí è äð., pied breeding territories of eagles (4 nests 2009). were found in empty territories of eagles). Rinur Bekmansurov We recorded 212 adults, including 19 birds National Park Ðåçóëüòàòû è èõ îáñóæäåíèå of 4–5 years old participating in the breed- “Nizhnyaya Kama” Neftyanikov str., 175 Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü ing, 18 birds of 3–4 years old unattached Elabuga Çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé c 15 ìàÿ ïî 21 to any breeding territory and 19 subadults, Republic of Tatarstan èþëÿ 2009 ã. óäàëîñü âûÿâèòü 122 íîâûõ 3 of which were observed in the territories 423600 Russia ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ìîãèëüíèêîâ (35 â Àë- of breeding adult birds. Also monitoring the tel.: +7 85557 4 33 56 [email protected] òàéñêîì êðàå è 87 â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé) population we checked 36 eagles’s breed- (ðèñ. 1). Íà 109 ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæåíî 154 ing territories known earlier (25 in the Altai ãíåçäîâûå ïîñòðîéêè îðëîâ: 9 ãíåçäîâûõ Kray and 11 in the Republic of Altai); re- ïîñòðîåê íå ïðîâåðåíû, 54 – îêàçàëèñü corded 58 adult birds in breeding territories æèëûìè, íà êîòîðûõ íàáëþäàëèñü âçðîñ- and 11 young birds unattached to any terri- ëûå ïòèöû, íî ñîäåðæèìîå ãí¸çä íå áûëî tory. In the Altai Kray we examined 16 oc- ïðîâåðåíî, â 4-õ ãí¸çäàõ íàõîäèëèñü íà- cupied and 5 empty nests, while one nest ñèæèâàåìûå êëàäêè, â 3-õ – ïîãèáøèå, 3 had contained the dead clutch, one – the ãíåçäà áûëî ðàçðóøåíî, â òîì ÷èñëå 2 èç dead brood, and 3 nests were not checked íèõ – â ïðîöåññå íàñèæèâàíèÿ êëàäîê, â up; 10 old nests, 8 from which were in the 22-õ ãí¸çäàõ íàáëþäàëèñü ïòåíöû, â 1-ì occupied by Imperial Eagles territories, and ãíåçäå – ïîãèáøèé âûâîäîê, 16 ãí¸çä áûëî 2 nests were located in the territories left çàíÿòî ïòèöàìè, íî ïóñòîâàëî â ìîìåíò èõ by birds (both of empty territories had been îáíàðóæåíèÿ ïî ïðè÷èíå íåóäà÷íîãî ðàç- occupied by Golden Eagles Aquila chrysa- ìíîæåíèÿ èëè åãî îòñóòñòâèÿ (â îäíîì ñëó- etos, and in one territory the Golden Eagle ÷àå äîñòîâåðíî ïîãèá íà ËÝÏ îäèí èç ïàðò- had successfully bred in an old nest of the Imperial Eagle). In 9 territories eagle’s nests known earlier had been destroyed, while in 5 territories we found new nests occu- pied by eagles, in two we registered pairs near the destroyed nests and 2 territories seemed to be derelict. In the Republic of Altai we examined 8 occupied and 2 empty nests, one of which was with a dead clutch, in another one of partners was authenti- cally electrocuted; 4 old nests, 3 of which were on the territories occupied by eagles and one territory with the nest seemed to

Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca). Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî. Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). Photo by E. Nikolenko. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 131

be abandoned, 2 territories were found with destroyed nests that known earlier, however we found the new occupied nest in one ter- ritory, another territory seemed to be aban- doned, also we reveal a territory, where the pair performing courtship was observed. Following data obtained the occupancy of the Imperial Eagle’s breeding territories in the Altai Mountains remains stable. For ear- lier surveyed territories we can confirm 5 breeding territories abandoned and occur- rence of 4 new territories. According to counts in 2009 the average distance between the nearest neighbors (table 1) was 4.73±3.45 km (n=126; range

0.9–18.38 km; Ex=4.18). The minimal dis- tances were observed in the Ust-Kanskaya depression (plots ¹10–11) – 0.9–3.3 km, on the average (n=22) 2.07±0.67 km, and also in the upper reaches of the Anuy river Ðèñ. 1. Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ. Óñëîâíûå (plot ¹9) – 1.36–4.75 km, on an average îáîçíà÷åíèÿ: 1 – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, îáíàðóæåííûå âïåðâûå â 2009 ã., 2 – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, îáíàðóæåííûå â 2000–2008 ãã. è ïðîâåðåííûå â 2009 ã., (n=20) 2.8±0.95 km and in the Abayskaya 3 – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, îáíàðóæåííûå â 2000–2008 ãã., íî íå ïîñåùàâøèåñÿ â steppe (plot ¹13) – 1.4–6.88 km, on the 2009 ã. average (n=11) 2.92±1.6 km. Fig. 1. Distribution of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in the Altai Mountains. In the Altai Kray the territory of low Labels: 1 – breeding territories discovered in 2009, 2 – breeding territories mountains covered mainly by birch forests discovered in 2000–2008 and inspected in 2009, 3 – breeding territories seemed to be the least densely populated discovered in 2000–2008, but not inspected in 2009. by Imperial Eagles. Surveying 6 study plots (fig. 2) we revealed 53 pairs distributed í¸ðîâ), 42 ïîñòðîéêè îêàçàëèñü ñòàðûìè: with the average density of 2.33 pairs/100 38 èç íèõ ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà çàíÿòûõ ãíåç- km2 of total area (0.62–3.28 pairs/100 km2 äîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ îðëîâ è 4 – íà ïóñòóþùèõ. of total area). The minimal density was re- Ó÷òåíî 212 âçðîñëûõ ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå 19 vealed in the foothills in the transitional ïòèö â âîçðàñòå 4–5-òè ëåò, ó÷àñòâóþùèõ zone of Altai Mountains and the Prealtai â ðàçìíîæåíèè, 18 ïòèö â âîçðàñòå 3–4-õ plain at the site Novokalmanovka – Ogni – ëåò, íå ïðèâÿçàííûõ ê ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì Mikhailovka villages – 0.62 pairs/100 km2 è 19 ñë¸òêîâ ïðîøëîãî ãîäà, 3 èç êîòî- of total area. In the northwest part of the ðûõ íàáëþäàëèñü íà ó÷àñòêàõ ñ ðàçìíî- Seminskiy Mountain ridge the Imperial æàþùèìèñÿ âçðîñëûìè ïòèöàìè. Ïîìèìî Eagle was not found breeding in a forest ýòîãî, â ðàìêàõ ìîíèòîðèíãà, ïðîâåðåíî zone of top parts of the ridge. In a zone 36 ðàíåå èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ of low mountains the density varied from ìîãèëüíèêîâ (25 â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå è 11 â 2.45 up to 3.28 pairs/100 km2 of total area (on the average 2.89 pairs/100 km2 of total area), actually increasing on that sites where larch predominated in the forest canopy. In the Republic of Altai (fig. 2) 90 pairs of eagles were noted on 9 study plots. The average density varied from 1.61 pairs/100 km2 varies (range 1.44–1.77 pairs/100 km2 of total area) in the Katun river valley lower the Chuya river mouth in the Uymonskaya steppe to 11.5 pairs/100 km2 of total area (range 10.81–13.78 pairs/100 km2) in the Ust-Kanskaya depression. In the upper

Ìîãèëüíèê è ÷¸ðíàÿ âîðîíà (Corvus corone). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Imperial Eagle and Carrion Crow (Corvus corone). Photo by I. Karyakin. 132 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

reaches of Anuy (including the Karakol river valley) and Peschanaya river as well as in the Abayskaya steppe the density amounted to 5.21–6.66 pairs/100 km2 of total area, mak- ing an average of 5.84 pairs/100 km2. Thus parameters of density seem to be close to data obtained in 2008. It is new revealed fact that the Imperial Eagle has regular distribution to breed in the Katun river valley lower the Chuya river mouth that allows assuming not less than 30–40 pairs to breed. At the same time the Imperial Eagle was not found breeding in larch forests of Tarkhata, Dzhazator and Argut rivers and especially in the forestless Bertekskaya depression of the Ukok Plateau. Larch forests in those territories are located significantly higher than the Imperial Eagle prefers to nest usually. Thus, earlier known facts on the Imperial Eagle breeding in the Ðèñ. 2. Ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè. Íóìåðàöèÿ ïëîùàäîê ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè â Ukok should be considered as erroneous. òàáë. 1. Considering new data on distribution and Fig. 2. Study areas. Numbers of study areas are similar ones in the table 1. number of the Imperial Eagle we has con- firmed our previous estimation of number: 683–811 pairs breeding in the Russian part of the Altai Mountains, on the average 747 pairs (Karyakin et al., 2009). Now 370 breeding territories occupied by eagles that make 49.9% of the estimated number are known. Probably the main territories of the Imperial Eagle densest breeding in region have already revealed completely. According to data of current surveys in the Altai Mountains 85.62% of eagle’s nests (n=313) are located on larches, 12.78% – on birches, 1.28% – on poplars, 0.32% – and on pines (fig. 4). The majority of pairs build their own nests in the upper fork of tree (n=313) – 46.65% and in the top third of trunk – 30.35% (fig. 5). The average height of nest location was 16.31±4.26 m (n=313;

range 4–28 m; Ex=0.18). The average clutch size was (including dead) 2.08±0.67 eggs (n=12; range1–3). The average brood size (including juve- niles registered near the nest) was 1.6±0.58 chicks (n=89; range 1–3). Broods consist- ing of 2 chicks were observed at 50.56% of pairs (fig. 6). Our surveys in 2009 once again have proved the global value of Altai for conser- vation of the Eastern Imperial Eagle popula- tions. We would pay attention to the fact that almost all known breeding territories of the Imperial Eagle are located out of pro- tected areas, thus the population remains vulnerable. It should be considered at the Òèïè÷íîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå ãíåçäà ìîãèëüíèêà íåäàëåêî îò ôåðìû. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. developing of system of protected areas in Typical location of the Imperial Eagle’s nest near a farm. Photos by I. Karyakin. the Republic of Altai. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 133

Òèïè÷íîå ãíåçäî ìî- Äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó áëèæàéøèìè ñîñå- ãèëüíèêà íà ëèñòâåí- äÿìè ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ 2009 ã. (òàáë. 1) íèöå. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. âàðüèðóåò îò 0,9 äî 18,38 êì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (n=126) 4,73±3,45 êì (E =4,18). Typical nest of the x Imperial Eagle on a Ìèíèìàëüíûå äèñòàíöèè, êàê è ðàíåå, íà- larch. áëþäàþòñÿ â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé êîòëîâèíå (ïëî- Photo by I. Karyakin. ùàäêè ¹¹10–11) – 0,9–3,3 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=22) 2,07±0,67 êì, à òàêæå â âåðõîâüÿõ Àíóÿ (ïëîùàäêà ¹9) – 1,36–4,75 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=20) 2,8±0,95 êì è â Àáàéñêîé ñòåïè (ïëîùàäêà ¹13) – 1,4–6,88 êì, â ñðåäíåì (n=11) 2,92±1,6 êì.  Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, êàê è îæèäàëîñü, íàè- ìåíåå ïëîòíî çàñåë¸ííîé ìîãèëüíèêàìè îêàçàëàñü òåððèòîðèÿ ïîëîñû íèçêîãî- ðèé, ïîêðûòàÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî áåð¸çî- âûìè ëåñàìè. Áîëåå èëè ìåíåå äåòàëüíûé îñìîòð 6 ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê (ðèñ. 2) ïî- Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé), âñòðå÷åíî 58 âçðîñ- çâîëèë âûÿâèòü 53 ïàðû, ðàñïðåäåë¸ííûõ ëûõ ïòèö íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ è 11 ìî- ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 0,62–3,28 ïàðû/100 êì2 îá- ëîäûõ ïòèö, íå ïðèâÿçàííûõ ê êàêîé-ëèáî ùåé ïëîùàäè, â ñðåäíåì 2,33 ïàðû/100 êì2 òåððèòîðèè.  Àëòàéñêîì êðàå îñìîòðåíî îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Äàííûé ïîêàçàòåëü âûøå 16 æèëûõ ãí¸çä, 5 ïóñòóþùèõ (â îäíîì èç íèõ ïîãèáëà êëàäêà, â îäíîì – âûâîäîê, ñî- äåðæèìîå òð¸õ ãí¸çä íå áûëî ïðîâåðåíî), 10 ñòàðûõ ïîñòðîåê, 8 èç êîòîðûõ íàõîäè- ëèñü íà çàíÿòûõ ìîãèëüíèêàìè ó÷àñòêàõ è 2 – íà ó÷àñòêàõ, îñòàâëåííûõ ïòèöàìè (îáà ïóñòóþùèõ ó÷àñòêà áûëè çàíÿòû áåðêóòàìè Aquila chrysaetos, ïðè÷¸ì â îäíîì ñëó÷àå áåðêóò óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàëñÿ â ñòàðîé ïîñòðîéêå ìîãèëüíèêà), íà 9 ó÷àñòêàõ ðà- íåå èçâåñòíûå ãí¸çäà ìîãèëüíèêîâ îêàçà- ëèñü ðàçðóøåííûìè, ïðè÷¸ì íà 5 ó÷àñòêàõ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû íîâûå ïîñòðîéêè, çàíÿ- òûå îðëàìè, íà äâóõ âñòðå÷åíû ïàðû áëèç ðàçðóøåííûõ ãí¸çä è íà äâóõ ó÷àñòêàõ íå óäàëîñü îáíàðóæèòü íîâûõ ãí¸çä èëè âñòðå- òèòü ïòèö.  Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé îñìîòðåíî 8 æèëûõ ãí¸çä, 2 ïóñòóþùèõ, â îäíîì èç êîòîðûõ ïîãèáëà êëàäêà, à â äðóãîì äîñòî- âåðíî ïîãèá íà ËÝÏ îäèí èç ïàðòí¸ðîâ, 4 ñòàðûõ ïîñòðîéêè, 3 èç êîòîðûõ íàõîäè- ëèñü íà çàíÿòûõ ìîãèëüíèêàìè ó÷àñòêàõ è 1 – íà ó÷àñòêå, îñòàâëåííîì ïòèöàìè, íà äâóõ ó÷àñòêàõ ðàíåå èçâåñòíûå ãí¸çäà ìî- ãèëüíèêîâ îêàçàëèñü ðàçðóøåííûìè, ïðè- ÷¸ì íà îäíîì ó÷àñòêå áûëî îáíàðóæåíî íîâîå ãíåçäî, çàíÿòîå îðëàìè, à íà äðó- ãîì ó÷àñòêå íå óäàëîñü îáíàðóæèòü íîâîãî ãíåçäà èëè âñòðåòèòü ïòèö, âûÿâëåí òàêæå îäèí ó÷àñòîê, íà êîòîðîì âñòðå÷åíà ïàðà òîêóþùèõ âçðîñëûõ ïòèö.  öåëîì ñèòóàöèÿ ñ çàíÿòîñòüþ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíè- êà â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ îñòà¸òñÿ ñòàáèëüíîé. Äëÿ ðàíåå îáñëåäîâàííûõ òåððèòîðèé ìîæíî Ãíåçäî ìîãèëüíèêà ñ ïîãèáøåé êëàäêîé, ãîâîðèòü î ïðåêðàùåíèè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìî- ðàçðóøåííîå âåòðîì. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ãèëüíèêà íà ïÿòè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ è ïîÿâ- The nest of the Imperial Eagle with dead clutch ëåíèè ÷åòûð¸õ íîâûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ. destroyed by wind. Photos by I. Karyakin. 134 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Òàáë. 1. Ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð è äèñòàíöèÿ ìåæäó áëèæàéøèìè ñîñåäÿìè ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) íà ïëîùàäêàõ â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ. Íóìåðàöèÿ ïëîùàäîê ñîîòâåòñòâóåò íóìåðàöèè íà ðèñ. 2. Table 1. Density of breeding pairs and distances between the nearest neighbor nests of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) on study plots in the Altai Mountains. Numbers of study plots are similar ones in the fig. 2.

Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæ- äó áëèæàéøèìè ñîñåäÿìè (êì) Distances Ïëîùàäü Ïëîòíîñòü between the Ðåãèîí (êì2) (ïàð/100 êì2) nearest neighbors Íàçâàíèå ïëîùàäêè Administrative Area Ïàðû Density (km) ¹ Name of plot region (km2) Pairs (pair/100 êì2) (n) M±SD (Lim) 1 Ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ â îêðåñò- Àëòàéñêèé êðàé íîñòÿõ ñ¸ë Êóÿãàí è Êóÿ÷à Altai Kray Middle part of the Peschanaya river near (n=8) 4.93±1.75 settl. Kuyagan and Kuyacha 274.398 9 3.28 (1.93–7.46) 2 Âîäîðàçäåë â ëåâîáåðåæüå ñðåäíåãî òå- Àëòàéñêèé êðàé ÷åíèÿ ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ¸ë Altai Kray Áóëàòîâî è Êàðïîâî Watershed at the left side of the middle reaches of the Peschanaya river in vicinities (n=3) 6.82±1.03 of Bulatovo and Karpovo villages 128.926 4 3.10 (6.0–7.98) 3 Ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Àíóé Àëòàéñêèé êðàé (n=18) 7.25±4.47 Middle part of the Anuy river Altai Kray 566.089 18 3.18 (3.11–18.0) 4 Ñðåäíåå òå÷åíèå ð. ×àðûø Àëòàéñêèé êðàé (n=13) 7.01±2.88 Middle part of the Charysh river Altai Kray 694.316 17 2.45 (29–11.57) 5 Ïðåäãîðüÿ Àëòàÿ íà ó÷àñòêå ñ. Íîâîêàë- Àëòàéñêèé êðàé ìàíêà – ñ. Îãíè – ñ. Ìèõàéëîâêà Altai Kray Foothills of Altai on the site Hovokolman- ka – Ogni – Mikhaylovka villages 323.049 2 0.62 (n=1) 14.26 6 Ñåâåðî-çàïàäíàÿ îêîíå÷íîñòü Ñåìèíñêî- Àëòàéñêèé êðàé ãî õðåáòà (ã. Áàáûðãàí, äîëèíà ð. Àÿ) Altai Kray Northern-Western edge of the Seminskiy ridge (Babyrgan Mountain, Aya river val- (n=2) 11.48±9.76 ley) 288.396 3 1.04 (4.58–18.38) 7 Âåðõîâüÿ ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé (n=8) 3.08±1.43 Upper reaches of the Peschanaya river Altai Republic 135.109 9 6.66 (1.45–5.13) 8 ð. Êàðàêîë / Karakol river Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé (n=4) 4.08±1.83 Altai Republic 95.903 5 5.21 (2.37–5.95) 9 Âåðõîâüÿ ð. Àíóé Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé (n=20) 2.8±0.95 Upper reaches of the Anuy river Altai Republic 359.095 19 5.29 (1.36–4.75) 10 Óñòü-Êàíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé ñ. ßêîíóð / Ust-Kanskaya depression near Altai Republic (n=6) 2.15±0.43 the Yakonur village 50.808 7 13.78 (1.4–2.69) 11 Çàïàäíàÿ ÷àñòü Óñòü-Êàíñêîé êîòëîâèíû Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé Western part of the Ust-Kanskaya Altai Republic (n=16) 2.04±0.75 depression 166.588 18 10.81 (0.9–3.3) 12 Äîëèíû ðð. Êîêñà, Êàðàãàé, Áàííàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé (n=6) 4.55±1.77 Koksa, Karagay, Bannaya river valleys Altai Republic 261.565 8 3.06 (2.36–6.49) 13 Àáàéñêàÿ ñòåïü / Abayskaya steppe Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé (n=11) 2.92±1.6 Altai Republic 180.252 12 6.66 (1.4–6.88) 14 Óéìîíñêàÿ ñòåïü / Uymonskaya steppe Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé (n=7) 6.14±1.9 Altai Republic 470.74 8 1.70 (4.18–9.44) 15 ð. Êàòóíü íèæå óñòüÿ ×óè Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé (n=3) 10.83±3.44 Katun river lower the Chuya river mouth Altai Republic 276.875 4 1.44 (6.87–13.09) 16 ð. Òàðõàòà / Tarkhata river Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé Altai Republic 77.13 0 – – 17 ð. Äæàçàòîð / Dzhazator river Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé Altai Republic 306.38 0 – – 18 ð. Êàëãóòû / Kalguty river Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé Altai Republic 386.02 0 – – Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 135

ïëîòíîñòè (1,9 ïàðû/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëî- ùàäè), ïîëó÷åííîé íà îñíîâàíèè ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ 2002–2003 ãã. (ñì. Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2005), ÷òî ñâÿçàíî ñ áîëåå ïîëíûì îá- ñëåäîâàíèåì ïðèäîëèííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ è, â ìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè, âîäîðàçäåëîâ, íà êîòî- ðûõ ìîãèëüíèê ïðàêòè÷åñêè îòñóòñòâóåò, îäíàêî ìåíüøå ðàñ÷¸òíûõ ïîêàçàòåëåé 2008 ã. (4,15 ïàðû/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùà- äè; ñì. Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2009), ÷òî ñâÿçàíî ñ áîëåå øèðîêèì îõâàòîì äîëèí, ëåæàùèõ âíå îïòèìóìà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ äëÿ ìîãèëüíèêà (êðàé Ïðåäàëòàéñêîé ðàâíèíû, ñåâåðî- Ìîëîäîé ìîãèëüíèê. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. çàïàäíàÿ îêîíå÷íîñòü Ñåìèíñêîãî õðåá- Young Imperial Eagle. Photo by I. Karyakin. òà), à òàêæå èñ÷åçíîâåíèåì äâóõ ïàð ïî ïðè÷èíå âûòåñíåíèÿ èõ áåðêóòàìè. Ìèíè- ìàëüíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü âûÿâëåíà â ïîëîñå ïðåä- êîâ. Ïëîòíîñòü âàðüèðóåò îò 1,44–1,77 ãîðèé íà ñòûêå ãîð è ïðåäàëòàéñêîé ðàâ- ïàðû/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè (â ñðåäíåì íèíû íà ó÷àñòêå ñ. Íîâîêàëìàíêà – ñ. Îãíè 1,61 ïàðû/100 êì2) â äîëèíå Êàòóíè, íà – ñ. Ìèõàéëîâêà – 0,62 ïàðû/100 êì2 îá- ó÷àñòêå íèæå ×óè è â Óéìîíñêîé ñòåïè, äî ùåé ïëîùàäè.  ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè Ñå- 10,81–13,78 ïàðû/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùà- ìèíñêîãî õðåáòà ìîãèëüíèê íå îáíàðóæåí äè (â ñðåäíåì 11,5 ïàðû/100 êì2) â Óñòü- â ëåñíîì ïîÿñå âåðøèííûõ ÷àñòåé õðåáòà. Êàíñêîé êîòëîâèíå, â å¸ çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè è Çäåñü ýòîò îð¸ë ãíåçäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî â áëèç ßêîíóðà.  âåðõîâüÿõ Àíóÿ (âêëþ÷àÿ äîëèíàõ ðåê, íàïðîòèâ ëåòíèõ ëàãåðåé ñêî- äîëèíó Êàðàêîëà), â âåðõîâüÿõ Ïåñ÷àíîé è òà. Äëÿ ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîé ÷àñòè Ñåìèíñêîãî Àáàéñêîé ñòåïè ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 5,21– õðåáòà ïëîòíîñòü ìîãèëüíèêà íà ãíåçäîâà- 6,66 ïàðû/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè (â ñðåä- íèè îïðåäåëåíà â 1,04 ïàðû/100 êì2 îáùåé íåì 5,84 ïàðû/100 êì2).  öåëîì ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîùàäè.  ïîëîñå íèçêîãîðèé ïëîòíîñòü ïëîòíîñòè áëèçêè ê ïîëó÷åííûì â 2008 ã. âàðüèðóåò îò 2,45 äî 3,28 ïàðû/100 êì2 îá- Èç íîâîãî, âûÿâëåííîãî â ðàñïðîñòðàíå- ùåé ïëîùàäè (â ñðåäíåì 2,89 ïàðû/100 êì2 íèè ìîãèëüíèêà, óñòàíîâëåíî åãî ðàâíî- îáùåé ïëîùàäè), çàêîíîìåðíî ïîâûøàÿñü â ìåðíîå ãíåçäîâàíèå â äîëèíå Êàòóíè íèæå ïîÿñå äîìèíèðîâàíèÿ ëèñòâåííèöû. óñòüÿ ×óè, ÷òî ïðåäïîëàãàåò çäåñü ãíåçäî-  Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé (ðèñ. 2) íà 9 âàíèå íå ìåíåå 30–40 ïàð.  òî æå âðåìÿ ïëîùàäêàõ ó÷òåíî 90 ïàð ìîãèëüíè- ìîãèëüíèê íå îáíàðóæåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ëèñòâåííè÷íèêàõ äîëèí ðåê Òàðõàòû, Äæà- çàòîðà, Àðãóòà è, òåì áîëåå, â áåçëåñíîé Áåðòåêñêîé êîòëîâèíå ïëîñêîãîðüÿ Óêîê. Ëèñòâåííè÷íèêè çäåñü ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà âûñîòàõ 1500–2000 ì – çà ïðåäåëàìè âû- ñîòíîãî äèàïàçîíà, â êîòîðîì ãíåçäîâàíèå ìîãèëüíèêà íîñèò íîðìàëüíûé õàðàêòåð.  ñâåòå ýòîãî ïðåæíèå óêàçàíèÿ íà ãíåçäî- âàíèå ìîãèëüíèêà íà Óêîêå (Áîãîìîëîâ, Èãíàòåíêî, 2008) ñëåäóåò ñ÷èòàòü îøèáî÷- íûìè.  äàííîì ñëó÷àå, ñêîðåå âñåãî, àâ- òîðàìè çà ìîãèëüíèêîâ ïðèíèìàëèñü ñòåï- íûå îðëû (Aquila nipalensis), êîòîðûå íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà âåðøèíàõ ëèñòâåííèö ó âåðõíåãî ïðå- äåëà ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ëåñà è ïî ïåðèôå- ðèè ñòåïíûõ äîëèí. Ñëåäóåò çàìåòèòü, ÷òî â âåðõíåì òå÷åíèè Àðãóòà, âêëþ÷àÿ ñòåïü Ñàìàõó, íàìè âîîáùå íå îáíàðóæåíû íà ãíåçäîâàíèè êàêèå-ëèáî âèäû êðóïíûõ îð- Ðèñ. 3. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà, óñòðîåííûõ íà ðàçíûõ äåðåâüÿõ, â ëîâ ïî ïðè÷èíå îòñóòñòâèÿ çäåñü ðîþùèõ ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ. ãðûçóíîâ. Fig. 3. Distribution of the Imperial Eagle’s nests located on different trees in the Ó÷èòûâàÿ íîâûå äàííûå ïî ðàñïðîñòðà- Altai Mountains. íåíèþ è ÷èñëåííîñòè ìîãèëüíèêà, ìû 136 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ñêëîííû ñ÷èòàòü íàøó ïðåæíþþ îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè äîñòîâåðíîé: â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ â åãî ðîññèéñêîé ÷àñòè ãíåçäèòñÿ 683–811 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 747 ïàð (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2009).  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ çäåñü èçâåñòíî 370 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ. çàíèìàåìûõ îð- ëàìè, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò 49,9% îò ðàñ÷¸òíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè, ïðè òîì, ÷òî îñíîâíûå ìåñòà íàèáîëåå ïëîòíîãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíè- êà â ðåãèîíå, âèäèìî, óæå ïîëíîñòüþ âû- ÿâëåíû.

Ãíåçäîâàÿ áèîëîãèÿ  ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ äîìèíèðóåò ñòåðåîòèï ãíåçäîâàíèÿ îðëîâ íà ëèñòâåííèöàõ ïî ïå- Ðèñ. 4. Õàðàêòåð óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà íà ðàçíûõ âèäàõ äåðåâüåâ â ãîðàõ ðèôåðèè ñòåïíûõ äîëèí. Êàê ïðàâèëî, âñå Àëòàÿ. ãí¸çäà õîðîøî ïðîñìàòðèâàþòñÿ èç äîëèí, Fig. 4. Character of the Imperial Eagle’s nest location on different tree species in òàê êàê ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â the Altai Mountains. âåðõíèõ ÷àñòÿõ êðîí äåðåâüåâ, íà êðàéíèõ äåðåâüÿõ íà îïóøêàõ ìàññèâîâ ëåñà ëèáî âîîáùå íà îäèíî÷íûõ äåðåâüÿõ (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2009). Ñ ó÷¸òîì èññëåäîâàíèé òåêó- ùåãî ãîäà íà ëèñòâåííèöàõ ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ (n=313) 85,62% ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêîâ, íà áå- ð¸çàõ – 12,78%, íà òîïîëÿõ – 1,28% è íà ñîñíàõ – 0,32% (ðèñ. 4). Ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïî âñåé ïîëîñå íèçêîãîðèé ñóùåñòâóåò íåøèðîêèé (20–30 êèëîìå- òðîâûé) ðàçðûâ ìåæäó ãíåçäîâûìè ãðóï- ïèðîâêàìè ìîãèëüíèêà, â êîòîðûõ ïòèöû òÿãîòåþò ê ãíåçäîâàíèþ íà ëèñòâåííèöå è Ðèñ. 5. Õàðàêòåð ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà íà äåðåâüÿõ. áåð¸çå. Äîñòàòî÷íî ÷¸òêîå ñìåøåíèå ñòå- ðåîòèïîâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ íàáëþäàåòñÿ òîëüêî Fig. 5. Location characteristic of the Imperial Eagle’s nests on trees. â ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ×àðûøà è Ïåñ÷àíîé (ðèñ. 3).  ñòåïíûõ êîòëîâèíàõ íà òåððèòî- ðèè Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé îáíàðóæåíî åäèí- ñòâåííîå ãíåçäî ìîãèëüíèêà, óñòðîåííîå íà áåð¸çå â Óéìîíñêîé ñòåïè. Áîëüøèíñòâî ïàð óñòðàèâàåò ãí¸çäà â ïðåäâåðøèííûõ ðàçâèëêàõ äåðåâüåâ (n=313) – 46,65% è â âåðõíåé òðåòè ñòâîëà – 30,35% (ðèñ. 5). Íåñîìíåííî, ìîãèëüíèê ñòðåìèòñÿ óñòðàèâàòü ãí¸çäà íà âåðøèíàõ äåðåâüåâ, ñëîìîâ ñòâîëà èëè â âåðøèí- íûõ ìóòîâêàõ (11,82%), îäíàêî ñïåöèôè- êà êðîí ëèñòâåííèö, à òåì áîëåå áåð¸ç è òîïîëåé, â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ íå ïî- çâîëÿåò ýòîãî, ïîýòîìó è íàáëþäàåòñÿ äî- ìèíèðîâàíèå òèïà óñòðîéñòâà â íàèáîëåå ìîùíûõ ðàçâèëêàõ, ëèáî â îñíîâàíèè âåò- âåé ó ñòâîëà íåñêîëüêî íèæå âåðøèíû. Âûñîòà ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä âàðüèðóåò îò 4 äî 28 ì, ñîñòàâëÿÿ â ñðåäíåì (n=313)

16,31±4,26 ì (Ex=0,18). Êëàäêè ìîãèëüíèêà (ñ ó÷¸òîì ïîãèáøèõ) ñîñòîÿò èç 1–3, â ñðåäíåì (n=12) 2,08±0,67 Ðèñ. 6. Êîëè÷åñòâî ÿèö â êëàäêàõ (ââåðõó) è ïòåíöîâ â âûâîäêàõ ìîãèëüíèêà (âíèçó). ÿéöà.  âûâîäêàõ ìîãèëüíèêà (ñ ó÷¸òîì ë¸òíûõ âûâîäêîâ, äåðæàùèõñÿ áëèç ãíåç- Fig. 6. Number of eggs in clutches (upper) and chicks in broods of the Imperial Eagle (bottom). äà) 1–3, â ñðåäíåì (n=89) 1,6±0,58 ïòåí- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 137

öà. Âûâîäêè èç äâóõ ïòåíöîâ íàáëþäàþòñÿ ñðàâíåíèþ ñî ñðîêàìè âûëåòà â ñòåïíûõ ó 50,56% ïàð (ðèñ. 6). êîòëîâèíàõ Àëòàÿ (Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé), Ñðîêè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà íà õîòÿ â îòäåëüíûå ãîäû ìîæåò íàáëþäàòüñÿ áîëüøåé ÷àñòè ðåãèîíà äîñòàòî÷íî òèïè÷- è îáðàòíàÿ êàðòèíà.  2009 ã. 22 èþíÿ â íû äëÿ âèäà – ñë¸òêè íà÷èíàþò âñòðå÷àòüñÿ Àáàéñêîé ñòåïè íàáëþäàëèñü ïðàêòè÷åñêè ñ 15 èþëÿ, â ìàññå âûëåòàþò 25 èþëÿ – 5 ïîëíîñòüþ îïåðåííûå ïòåíöû ìîãèëüíèêà àâãóñòà è âïëîòü äî 15 àâãóñòà (Êàðÿêèí è â âîçðàñòå 50 äíåé, âûëåò êîòîðûõ äîë- äð., 2009). Ñðîêè âûëåòà ïòåíöîâ â íèç- æåí áûë ïðîèçîéòè â ïåðèîä ñ 5 ïî 10 êîãîðíîé ÷àñòè Àëòàÿ (Àëòàéñêèé êðàé), èþëÿ. Ýòîò ñëó÷àé ñëåäóåò ðàñöåíèâàòü êàê êàê ïðàâèëî, çàïàçäûâàþò íà íåäåëþ ïî àíîìàëüíûé, è ñâÿçàí îí, ñêîðåå âñåãî, ñ

Ãí¸çäà ìîãèëüíèêà ñ êëàäêàìè (ñëåâà) è âû- âîäêàìè (ñïðàâà). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Nests of the Imperial Eagle with clutches (left) and broods (right). Photos by I. Karyakin. 138 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

õðàíåíèÿ ãåíîôîíäà âîñòî÷íîãî ìîãèëü- íèêà. Õî÷åòñÿ îáðàòèòü âíèìàíèå íà òî, ÷òî ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå èçâåñòíûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ìîãèëüíèêîâ ëåæàò çà ïðåäåëàìè îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòî- ðèé (ÎÎÏÒ), ïîýòîìó ïîïóëÿöèÿ îñòà¸òñÿ óÿçâèìîé ê ðÿäó àíòðîïîãåííûõ ôàêòî- ðîâ, òàêèõ êàê ðóáêè, äîáû÷à ïîëåçíûõ èñêîïàåìûõ, ðàçâèòèå èíôðàñòðóêòóðû ïòèöåîïàñíûõ ëèíèé ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è, íåêîíòðîëèðóåìàÿ ðåêðåàöèÿ è èçìåíå- íèå õàðàêòåðà èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ ïàñòáèù. Ýòî íåîáõîäèìî ó÷èòûâàòü ïðè ðàçâèòèè ñèñòåìû ÎÎÏÒ â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé è ðåà- ëèçàöèè èíûõ êîìïëåêñíûõ ïðèðîäîîõ- ðàííûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Áîãîìîëîâ Ä.Â., Èãíàòåíêî Á.Í. Íàáëþäåíèÿ çà õèùíûìè ïòèöàìè ïëàòî Óêîê. – Èçó÷åíèå è îõðàíà õèùíûõ ïòèö Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè: Ìà- òåðèàëû V ìåæäóíàðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè ïî õèùíûì ïòèöàì Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè. Èâàíîâî, 2008. Ñ. 193–195. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã., Áåêìàíñó- ðîâ Ð.Õ. Ìîãèëüíèê â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2009. ¹15. Ñ. 66–79. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Ãðàáîâñêèé Ì.À., Ðûáåíêî À.Â., Åãîðîâà À.Â. Ïòåíöû ìîãèëüíèêà. òåì, ÷òî ïàðà ãíåçäèëàñü íàïðîòèâ êðóï- Êðóïíûå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Ôîòî Ð. Áåêìàíñóðîâà íîãî íàñåë¸ííîãî ïóíêòà, â å¸ ïèòàíèè – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà, 2005. ¹3. è È. Êàðÿêèíà. Ñ. 28–51. äîìèíèðîâàëà äîìàøíÿÿ ïòèöà, ïîýòîìó Chicks of the Imperial ñðîêè ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå áûëè æ¸ñòêî ñâÿ- Eagle. Photos by R. Bekmansurov and çàíû ñ âûõîäîì ñóñëèêîâ (Spermophilus I. Karyakin. undulatus) èç íîð è äîñòóïíîñòüþ õîìÿ- êà (Cricetus cricetus) è àëòàéñêîãî öîêîðà (Myospalax myospalax). Êðàñíîù¸êèé (Spermophilus erythrog- enys) è äëèííîõâîñòûé ñóñëèêè, õîìÿê è àëòàéñêèé öîêîð ÿâëÿþòñÿ îñíîâíûìè îáú- åêòàìè ïèòàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ. Ïòèöû â ïèòàíèè ìîãèëü- íèêîâ ñîñòàâëÿþò ñóùåñòâåííóþ ÷àñòü ðà- öèîíà ó ïàð, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â àðåàëå êðàñ- íîù¸êîãî ñóñëèêà, è ýòî ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ìîëîäûå ãðà÷è, êîòîðûõ îðëû äîáûâàþò â ìàññå ïîñëå èõ âûëåòà, â ïåðèîä íà÷à- ëà ðåãóëÿðíûõ êî÷¸âîê ãðà÷èíûõ ñòàé ïî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûì óãîäüÿì.  Óñòü- Êàíñêîé ñòåïè ïòèöû â ðàöèîíå îðëîâ ðåäêè è ïðèñóòñòâóþò ó ïàð, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ áëèç íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ èëè ËÝÏ. Ïðè- ÷¸ì, â ïîñëåäíåì ñëó÷àå íàáëþäàåòñÿ ðå- ãóëÿðíîå ïîåäàíèå îðëàìè ïîãèáøèõ íà ËÝÏ ÿñòðåáîâ (Accipiter gentilis, A. nisus) è êîðøóíîâ (Milvus migrans lineatus). Ìîãèëüíèê è ÷åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans lineatus) â Óñòü-Êàíñêîé ñòåïè. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. Çàêëþ÷åíèå Imperial Eagle and Black-Eared Kite (Milvus migrans Èññëåäîâàíèÿ 2009 ã. ëèøíèé ðàç äîêà- lineatus) in the Ust-Kanskaya steppe. çàëè îáùåìèðîâóþ öåííîñòü Àëòàÿ äëÿ ñî- Photo by I. Karyakin. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 139

NumberandDistributionoftheCommonBuzzardintheKerzhenskiy StateNatureReserve,Russia ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ И РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КАНЮКА В КЕРЖЕНСКОМ ЗАПОВЕДНИКЕ, РОССИЯ NovikovaL.M.(StateBiosphereNatureReserve"Kerzhenskiy",N.Novgorod,Russia) Новикова Л.М. (Государственный природный биосферный заповедник «Керженский», Н.Новгород, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Àáñòðàêò Ëþäìèëà Íîâèêîâà  ñòàòüå ïðåäñòàâëåíû äàííûå ïî ãíåçäîâàíèþ êàíþêà (Buteo buteo) â Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå, ðàñïîëîæåí- Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé íîì â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì èññëåäîâàíèé àâòîðà â 2006–2009 ãã. è ìàòåðèàëàì Ëåòîïèñè ïðèðîäíûé ïðèðîäû çàïîâåäíèêà çà 2005–2007 ãã. Ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû ïàðàìåòðû ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ è áèîñôåðíûé äèíàìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè êàíþêà, à òàêæå ðàçìåùåíèå ìåñòîîáèòàíèé â ðàñòèòåëüíîì ïîêðîâå íà òð¸õ ïðî- çàïîâåäíèê ñòðàíñòâåííûõ óðîâíÿõ: ëàíäøàôòíîì, öåíîòè÷åñêîì è îðãàíèçìåííîì. Íà òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà âûÿâëåíî «Êåðæåíñêèé» 15 ãí¸çä êàíþêà, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ íà 11 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ.  2005–2009 ãã. ãíåçäèëîñü îò 2 äî 7 ïàð êàíþêîâ, Ðîññèÿ 603001 çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì 2008 ã., êîãäà íå áûëî îòìå÷åíî íè îäíîãî ñëó÷àÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ. Ñðåäíÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäî- 2 Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä âàíèÿ – 0,6 ïàðû/100 êì . Öåíòðû ñîñåäíèõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â ñðåäíåì â 4,8 êì äðóã îò óë. Ðîæäåñòâåíñêàÿ, äðóãà, æèëûå ãí¸çäà ðàçíûõ ïàð – â 3,8 êì; ìèíèìàëüíîå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìè ãí¸çäàìè – 1,7 êì. Íà 23–6 ëàíäøàôòíîì óðîâíå ïðè âûáîðå ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé êàíþêè ïðåäïî÷èòàþò äîëèíû ìàëûõ è ñðåäíèõ ðåê. Íà öåíîòè÷åñêîì óðîâíå ïðè âûáîðå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ íàèáîëåå ïðåäïî÷èòàåìû îëüøàíèêè, ïî âîçðàñòó òåë.: +7 83159 39 232 äðåâîñòîÿ – îò 50 äî 80 ëåò. Ïðè âûáîðå ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ êàíþêè íàèáîëüøóþ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü ïðîÿâëÿþò [email protected] ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê ëèïå è åëè. Ïðåäïî÷èòàåìûé äèàìåòð ñòâîëà ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ (ñîãëàñíî èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà) – 45–55 ñì, ñðåäíèé äèàìåòð – 33,6 ñì. Ïî îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêîìó ñîñòîÿíèþ êàíþêè ïðîÿâ- ëÿþò èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûì äåðåâüÿì. Contact: Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: õèùíûå ïòèöû, ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè, êàíþê, Buteo buteo, ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ÷èñëåííîñòü, Lyudmila Novikova ãíåçäîâàÿ áèîëîãèÿ. State Biosphere Nature Reserve “Kerzhenskiy” Abstract Rozhdestvenskaya str., The article summarizes the data about the Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) nesting in the Kerzhenskiy State Na- 23–6 ture Reserve in the Nizhniy Novgorod district. It is the results of research of the author carried out in 2006–2009 Nizhniy Novgorod and data of the Annals of Nature of the Kerzhenskiy State Nature Reserve for 2005–2007. Parameters of spatial Russia 603001 distribution and dynamics of the Common Buzzard number, and also habitat locations of in the mosaic vegetation tel.: +7 83159 39 232 are analyzed at three spatial levels: level of landscapes (breeding territories), level of plants communities (nesting [email protected] sites) and level of organisms (nesting trees). A total of 15 nests of the Common Buzzard located in 11 nest sites in the territory of the Reserve were discovered. The number of the Common Buzzard pairs breeding in 2005–2009 ranged from 2 to 7 pairs, excepting 2008 when no one living nest was noted. The average density was 0.6 pairs/100 km2. The average distance between centers of the neighbor nest sites was 4.8 km, between liv- ing nests of different pairs – in 3.8 km; the minimal distance between living nests was 1.7 km. At the level of landscapes choosing breeding territories Common Buzzards seem to prefer valleys of small and middle rivers. On the level of plant communities choosing nesting sites birds mostly prefer alder forests of the age of 50–80 years. Choosing nesting trees the Common Buzzards are discovered to show the greatest selectivity in relation to linden and spruce. Preferred diameter of nesting tree trunk (according to Ivlev-Jacobs selectivity) is 45–55 cm, the aver- age diameter – 33.6 cm. The Common Buzzards show selectivity in relation to old-age trees. Keywords: birds of prey, raptors, Common Buzzard, Buteo buteo, distribution, population status, breeding biology.

Ââåäåíèå Introduction Ðàçðàáîòêà ñòðàòåãèè è òàêòèêè îõðàíû The aim of our research is to study spa- õèùíûõ ïòèö – îäíîãî èç íàïðàâëåíèé ðå- tial distribution and dynamics of the Com- ãèîíàëüíîé çîîëîãèè – áàçèðóåòñÿ íà çíà- mon Buzzard (Buteo buteo) number in the íèè çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîãî Kerzhenskiy State Nature Reserve as well as ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ è äèíàìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè to reveal the main peculiarities of distribu- âèäîâ, îáèòàþùèõ â ðåãèîíå (Ìåëüíèêîâ, tion of the Common Buzzard habitats in the 1999). Êðîìå òîãî, â îñíîâå ðàçðàáîòêè mosaic vegetation at three spatial levels: ïðèíöèïîâ ñîõðàíåíèÿ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé level of landscapes (breeding territories), õèùíûõ ïòèö ëåæèò èçó÷åíèå òîïè÷åñêèõ level of plant communities (nesting sites) ñâÿçåé ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â ðàñòèòåëüíîì and level of organisms (nesting trees). ïîêðîâå, âûÿâëåíèå êëþ÷åâûõ äëÿ îáèòà- The State Biosphere Nature Reserve íèÿ âèäîâ ïàðàìåòðîâ ñðåäû è îïðåäåëå- “Kerzhenskiy” is located in the northern íèå èõ îïòèìàëüíûõ è ãðàíè÷íûõ çíà÷å- half of the Nizhniy Novgorod district. Its íèé (Ñèìêèí, 1988). Çäåñü íà ïåðâûé ïëàí area is 468.6 êì2. Pine forests prevail in the âûõîäÿò êîëè÷åñòâåííûå èññëåäîâàíèÿ territory, most of them being young as a 140 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Êàíþê (Buteo buteo). consequence of a large forest fire in 1972, Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. which affected up to 90% of the area of the Common Buzzard Kerzhenskiy Reserve (Averina, 2001). (Buteo buteo). Photo by A. Levashkin. Methods The analyzed data are the results of field studies of the author in the Kerzhenskiy State Nature Reserve in 2006–2009 and the data of the Annals of Nature of the Kerzhenskiy State Nature Reserve for 2005–2007 (The Annals of Nature …, 2006, 2007, 2008). Common Buzzard habitats were discov- ered during pedestrian routes. The total length of routes in 2006–2009 was about ïðåäïî÷èòàåìûõ ïòèöàìè ìåñòîîáèòàíèé 1470 km: in 2006 – 270 km, in 2007 – 452 (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á). km, in 2008 – 288 km, in 2009 – 360 km. Ìåòîäîëîãè÷åñêîé îñíîâîé èññëåäîâà- Also nests of middle size raptors were íèÿ òîïè÷åñêèõ ñâÿçåé ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñîâðå- monitored in 2007–2009. Thus 27 nests ìåííûå ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ îá èåðàðõè÷åñêîé were checked up in 2007, 59 nests – in ñòðóêòóðå áèîöåíîòè÷åñêîãî ïîêðîâà 2008, 58 nests – in 2009. – êîíöåïöèÿ öèêëè÷åñêîé ìîçàè÷íîñòè The description of 15 nests of the Com- ýêîñèñòåì (The mosaic-cycle…, 1992) è mon Buzzard was carried out using a tech- ãýï-ïàðàäèãìà (Êîðîòêîâ, 1991). Ñîãëàñíî nique developed by M.S. Romanov (2001b, ýòèì ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿì, áèîöåíîòè÷åñêèé 2005) to study location of raptor habitats in ïîêðîâ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ðÿäû âëîæåí- mosaic vegetation. We analyzed 14 param- íûõ ìîçàèê ðàçëè÷íîãî óðîâíÿ. Ñîñòàâ- eters. For breeding territories we recorded íûìè ýëåìåíòàìè ëàíäøàôòíîé ìîçàèêè their location in landscape; for nesting sites ÿâëÿþòñÿ áèîãåîöåíîçû, öåíîòè÷åñêîé – – age of forests, habitat and spatial structure ïàðöåëëû, âíóòðèïàðöåëëÿðíîé – îòäåëü- of forest communities; for nesting trees – íûå äåðåâüÿ. species, size and age of tree and also loca- Ïðè âûáîðå ãíåçäîâûõ ìåñòîîáèòà- tion of a nest on the tree. íèé õèùíûå ïòèöû äåìîíñòðèðóþò èç- The Ivlev-Jacobs index of selectivity was áèðàòåëüíîñòü, êîòîðàÿ ðåàëèçóåòñÿ ïà- calculated for estimation of selectivity of the ðàëëåëüíî â ðàçíûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûõ Common Buzzard concerning various pa- ìàñøòàáàõ (óðîâíÿõ îðãàíèçàöèè ðàñ- rameters of habitat. òèòåëüíîãî ïîêðîâà). Íà ëàíäøàôòíîì Parameters of nesting trees compared with parameters of 4 nearest trees. Òàáë. 1. Ïîðîäíûé ñîñòàâ ëåñîâ çàïîâåäíèêà. Table 1. Species structure of the Kerzhenskiy Reserve forests. Results The Common Buzzard is a common Äîëÿ ïëîùàäè breeding raptor species in the Kerzhenskiy Ïëîùàäü íàñàæäåíèé, % Reserve. 2 Ïðåîáëàäàþùàÿ ïîðîäà íàñàæäåíèé, êì Forests area per In the territory of the Reserve 15 nests of Dominating tree species Forests area, êì2 total area, % the Common Buzzard have been known, lo- Ñîñíà / Pine 306.7 73.2 cated in 11 breeding territories (fig. 1). Åëü / Spruce 2.0 0.5 The median of distances between centers Äóá / Oak 1.2 0.3 of neighbor nesting sites of the Common Buzzard (n=7) – 4.8 km (25th percentile = Áåð¸çà / Birch 78.4 18.7 2.5 km, 75th percentile = 6.3 km). Îñèíà / Aspen 4.8 1.2 The median of distances between living Èâà (íåñêîëüêî âèäîâ, 0.7 0.2 nests of different pairs of the Common Buz- ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ äðåâîâèäíûìè zard (n=4) – 3.8 km (25th percentile = 2.6 ôîðìàìè) / Willow (several km, 75th percentile = 4.5 km). The minimal arborescent species) distance between living nests – 1.7 km. Îëüõà ÷¸ðíàÿ / Black alder 21.1 5.0 During 2005–2009 from 2 to 7 pairs of Ëèïà/ Linden 1.8 0.4 the Common Buzzard (table 2) were known to breed in the territory of the Reserve, ex- Êóñòàðíèêè / Bushes 2.0 0.5 cepting 2008 when no one living nest was Èòîãî / Total 418.7 100.0 noted. The average breeding density was Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 141

Êàíþê íà ãíåçäå. Ôîòî Ë. Íîâèêîâîé. The Common Buzzard in the nest. Photo by L. Novikova.

óðîâíå ïðîèñõîäèò âûáîð ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé, íà öåíîòè÷åñêîì – âûáîð ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, íà îðãàíèçìåííîì – ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001a, 2001á, 2005). Öåëüþ äàííîé ðàáîòû ÿâëÿåòñÿ èçó÷åíèå ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîãî ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ è äè- íàìèêè ÷èñëåííîñòè êàíþêà (Buteo buteo) â Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå, à òàêæå âûÿâ- ëåíèå îñíîâíûõ çàêîíîìåðíîñòåé ðàçìå- ùåíèÿ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé êàíþêà â ðàñòèòåëü- íîì ïîêðîâå íà òð¸õ ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûõ 0.6 pairs/100 km2. óðîâíÿõ: ëàíäøàôòíîì, öåíîòè÷åñêîì è Study of nest location (n=15) in landscape îðãàíèçìåííîì. has shown buzzard mostly preferring val- leys of the small and middle rivers (67% 1. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ðàéîíà èññëåäîâàíèé of nests, 55% of nesting territories, Ivlev- Ðàéîí ïðîâåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèé – òåð- Jacobs index = 0.9). For watersheds Ivlev- ðèòîðèÿ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïðèðîäíîãî Jacobs index is –0.9. áèîñôåðíîãî çàïîâåäíèêà «Êåðæåíñêèé», The analysis of habitat structure of nest- îáðàçîâàííîãî â 1993 ã. Çàïîâåäíèê ðàñ- ing sites (fig. 2) shown obvious preference ïîëîæåí â ñåâåðíîé ïîëîâèíå Íèæåãî- of alder forests (Ivlev-Jacobs index = 0.7). ðîäñêîé îáëàñòè â 54 êì ê ñåâåðî-âîñòîêó Birch forests are used proportionally to their îò ã. Íèæíåãî Íîâãîðîäà. Ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèå abundance (Ivlev-Jacobs index = 0.0). Some êîîðäèíàòû öåíòðà – 56,50 ñ.ø., 45,00 â.ä. degree of avoidance was noted for pine for- Ïëîùàäü çàïîâåäíèêà – 468,6 êì2. ests (Ivlev-Jacobs index = –0.3). Òåððèòîðèÿ Êåðæåíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà The median age of forests in nesting sites ïðèíàäëåæèò ê ïîÿñó ïîëåñèé è îïîëèé of the Common Buzzard (n=15) is 50 years Ðóññêîé ðàâíèíû. Ïîëîæåíèå çàïîâåäíèêà (25th percentile = 35 years, 75th percentile = ïî÷òè â ñàìîì öåíòðå Âîëæñêî-Âåòëóæñêîé 70 years) (fig. 3). The most preferred age in- Ãí¸çäà êàíþêà íà íèçìåííîñòè ïðåäîïðåäåëèëî èñêëþ÷è- terval of forests for Common Buzzard nest- áåð¸çå (ñëåâà) è íà ñîñíå â ìóòîâêå âåòâåé òåëüíî ïîëåññêèé õàðàêòåð åãî ëàíäøàô- ing sites is 50–80 years, younger forests (ñïðàâà). òîâ (Âîëêîâà è äð., 2006). are avoided (fig. 4). The Ivlev-Jacobs index Ôîòî Ë. Íîâèêîâîé. Ïî äàííûì ëåñîóñòðîéñòâà 1998–99 ãã. increases with the forest age increasing. Nests of the Common ëåñîïîêðûòûå çåìëè çàïîâåäíèêà çàíèìà- However for forests of age more than 80 Buzzard on a birch tree þò 89,5% ïëîùàäè (Ïðîåêò îðãàíèçàöèè..., years index decreases to the zero, meaning (left) and a pine tree 2000). Áèîòîïè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ ëåñíûõ ñî- absence of selectivity. For ages more than in a fork of branches (right). îáùåñòâ çàïîâåäíèêà (Ïðîåêò îðãàíèçà- 80 years some degree of avoiding was ob- Photos by L. Novikova. öèè..., 2000) ïðåäñòàâëåí â òàáëèöå 1. served. Perhaps it would be explained that forests of more than 80 years are generally locate on oligotrophic and mesotrophic swamps where buzzards avoid to breed. The median density of tree canopy in nest- ing sites of the Common Buzzard (in radius of 20 m around of nests) is 0.7 (25th percen- tile = 0.7, 75th percentile = 0.8) (fig. 5). As regards the choice of trees for nest- ing, the greatest preference was recorded for a linden (Ivlev-Jacobs index = 0.7) and a spruce (0.3). Buzzards use a pine for nest- ing proportionally to its abundance (Ivlev- Jacobs index = 0.1), and a birch is a little avoided (–0.2). In the Kerzhenskiy Reserve buzzards seem to prefer old-age trees (Ivlev-Jacobs index = 0.4) and avoid middle-age trees 142 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ðèñ. 1. Ðàñïîëîæåíèå ãí¸çä êàíþêà (Buteo buteo) íà òåððèòîðèè Êåðæåíñêîãî çàïîâåä- íèêà â 2009 ã. Fig. 1. The Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) nest location in the Kerzhenskiy State Nature Reserve in 2009.

Ëåñà â âîçðàñòå ìîëîäíÿêîâ çàíèìàþò when old trees are available (Ivlev-Jacobs 64% òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà (Ïðîåêò index = –0.4). We noted 10 nests placing îðãàíèçàöèè..., 2000). Ïðåîáëàäàíèå ìî- on middle-aged trees (71%) and 4 nests on ëîäíÿêîâ ñâÿçàíî ñ ïðîøåäøèì â 1972 ã. old trees (29%). ëåñíûì ïîæàðîì, îäíèì èç ñàìûõ êðóï- The average height of nesting trees in the íûõ íà åâðîïåéñêîé òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè â Kerzhenskiy Reserve (n=15) was 16.2±4.1 m XX âåêå, îõâàòèâøèì äî 90% ïëîùàäè çà- (fig. 7). The average height of nest location ïîâåäíèêà (Àâåðèíà, 2001).  ñîñòàâå ìî- on a tree (n=15) was 9.3±3.1 m (fig. 8). ëîäíÿêîâ àáñîëþòíî ïðåîáëàäàþò ñîñíÿ- The average diameter of nesting tree trunk êè (89%). Ïëîùàäü ïðèñïåâàþùèõ, ñïåëûõ (n=14) was 33.6±9.1 cm (fig. 9). The index è ïåðåñòîéíûõ íàñàæäåíèé ñîñòàâëÿåò of selectivity increases with the tree diam- âñåãî 3% ïîêðûòûõ ëåñîì çåìåëü.  ýòèõ eter increasing (fig. 10). The most preferred âîçðàñòíûõ ãðóïïàõ ïðåîáëàäàþò òàêæå diameter of nesting tree trunk was 45–55 sm. ñîñíîâûå íàñàæäåíèÿ (58%) (Ïðîåêò îð- In the Reserve some deficiency of trees with ãàíèçàöèè..., 2000). such diameter is noted, thus the average di- Ãèäðîãðàôè÷åñêóþ ñåòü çàïîâåäíèêà ameter of nesting trees is 33.6 cm. îáðàçóþò ðåêè, îç¸ðà è áîëîòà. Âñå 5 ìà- The Common Buzzard also seems to suffer from lack of large trees, as the mean “pow- Òàáë. 2. ×èñëî ìåñò ðåãèñòðàöèè êàíþêîâ íà òåððèòîðèè Êåðæåíñêîãî çàïî- er” (relation of the trunk diameter to the tree âåäíèêà â 2005–2009 ãã. height) of nesting trees was 2.1 but most pre- Table 2. Number of the Common Buzzard registrations in the Kerzhenskiy Reserve. ferred interval was from 2.5 to 3.0 (fig. 11). Analyzing nest location on a tree in the Re- ×èñëî ìåñò ðåãèñòðàöèè / Number of registrations serve we noted buzzards preferring to build Ñëó÷àè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ their own nests on different variants of tree (ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, íà forks (table 5) in and in the bottom and mid- êîòîðûõ ïðîèñõîäèëî dle parts (5 nests per each) of a tree crown and ðàçìíîæåíèå)* Âñå ãíåçäîâûå Cases of nesting (breeding ó÷àñòêè** also under the crone (4 nests) (n=15). Only a Ãîä Æèëûå ãí¸çäà territories where breeding All breeding nest was located at the top of tree (fig. 12). Year Living nests were noted territories 2005 2 2 13 Conclusions Following the results of our analysis at the 2006 1 2 20 present stage of development of plant com- 2007 2 3 13 munities in the Reserve we cannot estimate 2008 0 0 5 the conditions for the Common Buzzard breeding as optimal. The species seems to 2009 8 7 11 suffer from lack of old-age forest communi- * – ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, íà êîòîðûõ èçâåñòíû æèëûå ãí¸çäà è/èëè çàðåãèñòðèðî- ties and of trees of greatest size. As a result âàíû ñë¸òêè / breeding territories where living nests are known and/or fledglings of deficiency of cleared spaces and glades were noted; in the territory of the Reserve Common Buz- ** – â ò.÷. ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè òîëüêî ñî âñòðå÷àìè âçðîñëûõ ïòèö è/èëè ñëåäàìè æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè / including breeding territories where adult birds or signs of zards are compelled to nest in river valleys bird’s occupancy were registered only. rivers mainly. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 143

ñåé ïðèðîäû çàïîâåäíèêà çà 2005–2007 ãã. (Ëåòîïèñü ïðèðîäû…, 2006, 2007, 2008). Âûÿâëåíèå ìåñò îáèòàíèÿ êàíþêà îñó- ùåñòâëÿëîñü íà ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòàõ ïóò¸ì ðåãèñòðàöèè âñòðå÷ âçðîñëûõ è ìîëîäûõ ïòèö, ïîèñêà ãí¸çä, ôèêñàöèè ìåñò íàõîäîê ëèííûõ ïåðüåâ, ïîãàäîê, ïîåäåé (Êàðÿêèí, 2004). Îáùàÿ äëèíà ìàðøðóòîâ â 2006– 2009 ãã. ñîñòàâèëà îêîëî 1470 êì; èç íèõ â 2006 ã. ïðîéäåíî 270 êì, â 2007 ã. – 452 êì, â 2008 ã. – 288 êì, â 2009 ã. – 360 êì. Êðîìå òîãî, â 2007–2009 ãã. ïðîâîäèëñÿ ìîíèòîðèíã çàñåë¸ííîñòè ãí¸çä äíåâíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö ñðåäíèõ ðàçìåðîâ.  2007 ã. áûëî ïðîâåðåíî 27 ãí¸çä, â 2008 ã. – 59, â 2009 ã. – 58. Ïðèâÿçêà ãí¸çä, ìåñò ðåãèñòðàöèè ïòèö è ñëåäîâ æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè îñóùåñòâëÿ- ëàñü ñ ïîìîùüþ GPS-íàâèãàòîðà. Ðèñ. 2. Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêîâ â îòíîøåíèè áèîòîïè÷åñêîãî ñîñòàâà ëåñà â Áûëî ñîñòàâëåíî îïèñàíèå 15-òè èç- ïðåäåëàõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ (n=15). âåñòíûõ íà òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà Fig. 2. The Common Buzzard nesting preference of habitats (n=15). ãí¸çä êàíþêà ïî ìåòîäèêå, ðàçðàáî- òàííîé Ì.Ñ. Ðîìàíîâûì (2001á, 2005), ëûõ ðåê ÿâëÿþòñÿ ïðèòîêàìè ð. Êåðæåíåö, íàïðàâëåííîé íà èçó÷åíèå òîïè÷åñêèõ ïî êîòîðîé ïðîõîäèò çàïàäíàÿ ãðàíèöà çà- ñâÿçåé õèùíûõ ïòèö â ìîçàèêå ðàñòè- ïîâåäíèêà. Äëèíà ïðèòîêîâ – îò 5 äî 29 êì. òåëüíîãî ïîêðîâà. Îç¸ðà ïðåäñòàâëåíû â îñíîâíîì ñòàðèöà- Çà îñíîâó îáðàáîòêè ìàòåðèàëà áûëà ìè è ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â ïîéìàõ ðåê.  çà- âçÿòà òàêæå ìåòîäèêà Ì.Ñ. Ðîìàíîâà ïîâåäíèêå èçâåñòíî áîëåå 30 òîðôÿíûõ (2001á, 2005). Áûëè ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàíû 14 áîëîò îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 3816,3 ãà. Ïðåîá- ïàðàìåòðîâ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé êàíþêà. Ïðè ëàäàþò áîëîòà íåáîëüøîãî ðàçìåðà (äåñÿò- õàðàêòåðèñòèêå ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé êè ãà), íåñêîëüêî áîëîò ñðåäíåé âåëè÷èíû îïðåäåëÿëàñü èõ ëàíäøàôòíàÿ ïðèóðî- (ìåíåå 1 òûñ. ãà), è òîëüêî Âèøåíñêîå è ÷åííîñòü, íàëè÷èå îòêðûòûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâ. Ãí¸çäà êàíþêà íà ñîñíå Ìàñëîâñêîå – êðóïíûå (áîëåå 1 òûñ. ãà) Ïðè èçó÷åíèè ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ àíàëè- (ñëåâà) è åëè (ñïðàâà). (Ïðîåêò îðãàíèçàöèè..., 2000). çèðîâàëèñü âîçðàñò ëåñíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ, èõ Ôîòî Ë. Íîâèêîâîé. áèîòîïè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ è ïðîñòðàíñòâåí- Nests of the Common 2. Ìàòåðèàë è ìåòîäèêà èññëåäîâàíèé íàÿ ñòðóêòóðà äðåâîñòîÿ â ðàäèóñå 20 ì Buzzard on a pine tree (left) and spruce tree Ìàòåðèàëîì ïîñëóæèëè ðåçóëüòàòû ïî- îò ãíåçäà. Ïðè õàðàêòåðèñòèêå ãíåçäîâûõ (right). ëåâûõ ðàáîò àâòîðà â Êåðæåíñêîì çàïî- äåðåâüåâ èçó÷àëèñü èõ âèäîâàÿ ïðèíàä- Photos by L. Novikova. âåäíèêå â 2006–2009 ãã. è äàííûå Ëåòîïè- ëåæíîñòü, ðàçìåðû è âîçðàñò, à òàêæå ðàñ- ïîëîæåíèå ãíåçäà íà äåðåâå. Ïðè îïèñàíèè ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ èñ- ïîëüçîâàíà øêàëà îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ñî- ñòîÿíèé ðàñòåíèé (Äèàãíîçû…, 1989).  êà÷åñòâå ïîêàçàòåëÿ ìîùíîñòè ãíåç- äîâîãî äåðåâà è ðàçâèòîñòè åãî êðîíû èñ- ïîëüçîâàëè èíäåêñ ìîùíîñòè – îòíîøåíèå äèàìåòðà ñòâîëà íà âûñîòå 1,3 ì, âûðà- æåííîãî â ñàíòèìåòðàõ, ê âûñîòå äåðåâà â ìåòðàõ (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á).  êà÷åñòâå îäíîãî èç ïàðàìåòðîâ ðàñ- ïîëîæåíèÿ ãí¸çä íà äåðåâå èñïîëüçîâàíî ïîíÿòèå «óêðûòîñòü», ïðè îöåíêå êîòîðîé ãí¸çäà îòíîñèëèñü ê îäíîé èç òð¸õ êàòå- ãîðèé: õîðîøî óêðûòûå, ñðåäíåóêðûòûå è ïëîõî óêðûòûå (Ãàëóøèí, Ñîñêîâà, 1976). Äëÿ îöåíêè èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè êàíþêà â îòíîøåíèè ðàçëè÷íûõ ïàðàìåòðîâ ìå- ñòîîáèòàíèé èñïîëüçîâàëè èíäåêñ Èâëåâà- 144 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

íåíèè äîëè ðåñóðñà â ñïåêòðå èñïîëüçóå- ìûõ æèâîòíûì ðåñóðñîâ è äîëè ýòîãî æå ðåñóðñà â îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå è âû÷èñëÿ- åòñÿ ïî ôîðìóëå:

ãäå U – äîëÿ ðåñóðñà ñðåäè ðåñóðñîâ, èñ- ïîëüçóåìûõ æèâîòíûì; P – äîëÿ ýòîãî æå ðåñóðñà ñðåäè âñåõ äîñòóïíûõ ðåñóðñîâ. Îí âàðüèðóåò â ïðåäåëàõ îò -1 äî +1. Íîëü îçíà÷àåò îòñóòñòâèå èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê äàííîìó ðåñóðñó (ò.å., ðåñóðñ èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíî ñâîåìó îáèëèþ), +1 îçíà÷àåò ìàêñèìàëü- íóþ ñòåïåíü ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿ ðåñóðñà, à -1 – ñòðîãîå èçáåãàíèå; ïðîìåæóòî÷íûå çíà÷åíèÿ èíäåêñà ñâèäåòåëüñòâóþò î ñî- îòâåòñòâóþùåé ñòåïåíè ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿ/ èçáåãàíèÿ. Ýòè ñâîéñòâà îáåñïå÷èâàþò îòíîñèòåëüíóþ íåçàâèñèìîñòü èíäåêñà îò Ðèñ. 3. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âîçðàñòà äðåâîñòîÿ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ êàíþêîâ òèïîâ ðåñóðñîâ (ïèùà, ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ è ò. (n=15). Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò íîðìàëüíîãî. ï.) è, òàêèì îáðàçîì, äåëàþò ñðàâíèìûìè Fig. 3. The Common Buzzard nest distribution depending on forest age in nesting çíà÷åíèÿ èíäåêñà, ïîëó÷åííûå â ðàçíûõ sites (n=15). Distribution differs from normal. òî÷êàõ, â ðàçíûõ óñëîâèÿõ è äëÿ ðàçíûõ âèäîâ (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á, 2005). Ïðè èçó÷åíèè ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ èõ ïà- ðàìåòðû ñðàâíèâàëèñü ñ ïàðàìåòðàìè 4-õ áëèæàéøèõ äåðåâüåâ, âõîäÿùèõ â ïåðâûé ÿðóñ äðåâîñòîÿ. Äëÿ ýòîãî ïðîñòðàíñòâî âîêðóã ãíåçäîâîãî äåðåâà äåëèëè íà 4 ðàâ- íûõ ñåêòîðà ïî 900, îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ ïî ñòîðîíàì ñâåòà, è â êàæäîì ñåêòîðå ïðîèç- âîäèëè ïðîìåðû áëèæàéøåãî ê ãíåçäîâîìó ñîñåäíåãî äåðåâà (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á, 2005). Äàííûå ïî áèîòîïàì çàïîâåäíèêà áûëè âçÿòû èç ìàòåðèàëîâ ëåñîóñòðîéñòâà çàïî- âåäíèêà 1998–99 ãã. Ñòàòèñòè÷åñêàÿ îáðàáîòêà äàííûõ ïðîâåäåíà â ïðîãðàììå Statistica 6.0. Ïîëó÷åííûå â ðåçóëüòàòå ïîëåâûõ îïè- ñàíèé ïàðàìåòðû ïîäâåðãàëèñü ïðîâåð- êå íà íîðìàëüíîñòü ñ ïîìîùüþ êðèòåðèÿ Øàïèðî-Óèëêà. Íîðìàëüíî ðàñïðåäå- ë¸ííûå ïðèçíàêè îïèñûâàëèñü ñðåäíåé Ðèñ. 4. Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêîâ â îòíîøåíèè âîçðàñòà äðåâîñòîÿ íà ãíåçäîâûõ àðèôìåòè÷åñêîé è ñòàíäàðòíûì îòêëî- ó÷àñòêàõ (n=15). Ëèíèÿ òðåíäà äëÿ èíäåêñà Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà – ïîëèíîìèàëüíàÿ íåíèåì. Ïðèçíàêè, ðàñïðåäåëåíèå êî- (ïîëèíîì âòîðîé ñòåïåíè). òîðûõ îòëè÷àëîñü îò íîðìàëüíîãî, õà- Fig. 4. Selectivity of the Buzzard concerning forest age in the nesting sites (n=15). ðàêòåðèçîâàëèñü çíà÷åíèÿìè ìåäèàíû, à The trend for Ivlev-Jacobs index – a polynom of the second degree. òàêæå íèæíåãî (25%) è âåðõíåãî (75%) êâàðòèëåé. Äæåêîáñà, øèðîêî ïðèìåíÿåìûé â ìèðî- âîé ïðàêòèêå äëÿ îöåíêè ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿ 3. Ðåçóëüòàòû è èõ îáñóæäåíèå ðåñóðñà. Ïðîñòîå ïðîöåíòíîå ñîîòíîøå- 3.1. Ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîå ðàñïðåäåëå- íèå åù¸ íå ãîâîðèò î ïðåäïî÷òåíèè òîãî íèå è äèíàìèêà ÷èñëåííîñòè êàíþêà èëè èíîãî èñïîëüçóåìîãî ðåñóðñà, åñëè Êàíþê – îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä çàïî- íå ó÷èòûâàåòñÿ äîëÿ ýòîãî ðåñóðñà ñðåäè âåäíèêà. Ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ 2005–2006 ãã. â âñåõ äîñòóïíûõ. Èíäåêñ îñíîâàí íà ñðàâ- çàïîâåäíèêå âûÿâëåíî 28 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 145

ìè ãí¸çäàìè ðàçíûõ ïàð êàíþêà ðàññòîÿ- íèå (n=4) ñîñòàâëÿåò 3,8 êì (2,6–4,5 êì). Ìèíèìàëüíîå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó æèëûìè ãí¸çäàìè – 1,7 êì. Äèíàìèêà ÷èñëà ðåãèñòðàöèé êàíþêà íà òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà çà 2005–2009 ãã., â òîì ÷èñëå ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ïîêàçàíà â òàáëèöå 2.  2005–2009 ãã. ãíåçäèëîñü îò 2 äî 7 ïàð êàíþêîâ, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì 2008 ã., êîãäà íå áûëî îòìå÷åíî íè îäíîãî ñëó÷àÿ ãíåçäîâà- íèÿ. Ñðåäíÿÿ ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ – 0,6 ïàðû/100 êì2. Ðåçêèé ñêà÷îê ÷èñëà ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäî- âàíèÿ êàíþêà â 2009 ã., âåðîÿòíåé âñå- ãî, îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ âñïëåñêîì ÷èñëåííîñòè ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ. Ó÷¸òû ÷èñëåííî- ñòè ãðûçóíîâ â çàïîâåäíèêå â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû íå ïðîâîäèëèñü, îäíàêî â 2009 ã. áûëî îòìå÷åíî îáèëèå ìûøåé è ïîë¸âîê (Å.Í. Êîðøóíîâ, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå).  2009 ã. íà îäíîì èç ó÷àñòêîâ êàíþêè Ðèñ. 5. Ñîìêíóòîñòü äðåâîñòîÿ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ êàíþêà (n=15). Ðàñïðåäå- ïîñòðîèëè 2 íîâûõ ãíåçäà, ïîýòîìó ÷èñ- ëåíèå îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò íîðìàëüíîãî. ëî ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ íà îäíî ìåíüøå, Fig. 5. Density of forest canopy in the Buzzard’s nesting sites (n=15). Distribution ÷åì ãí¸çä. Âòîðîå ãíåçäî áûëî ïîñòðîå- differs from normal. íî êàíþêàìè âî âòîðîé ïîëîâèíå èþíÿ è áûëî ïî ñâîåìó ðàñïîëîæåíèþ íå ñîâñåì òèïè÷íî: íà ñòâîëå óïàâøåé áåð¸çû, çà- âèñøåé ïîä óãëîì 450, â ìåñòå ñîïðèêîñ- íîâåíèÿ å¸ ñòâîëà ñî ñòîÿùåé áåð¸çîé. Ðàçìíîæåíèå ýòîé ïàðû áûëî íåóäà÷íûì ïî íåèçâåñòíîé ïðè÷èíå.

3.2. Ðàçìåùåíèå ìåñòîîáèòàíèé êàíþêà â ðàñòèòåëüíîì ïîêðîâå Çàêîíîìåðíîñòè ðàçìåùåíèÿ ìåñòî- îáèòàíèé êàíþêà â ðàñòèòåëüíîì ïîêðî- âå Êåðæåíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà ðàññìîòðå- íû íà òð¸õ ïðîñòðàíñòâåííûõ óðîâíÿõ: ãíåçäîâàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ, ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê, ãíåçäîâîå äåðåâî.

3.2.1. Âûáîð ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé Èçâåñòíî, ÷òî êàíþê â ñâî¸ì ðàñïðî- ñòðàíåíèè òÿãîòååò ê ïîëóîòêðûòûì ìå- ñòîîáèòàíèÿì.  ñëàáî îñâîåííûõ ëåñàõ, Ðèñ. 6. Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêîâ â îòíîøåíèè âèäîâ ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ (÷èñëî äëÿ êîòîðûõ õàðàêòåðíî îòñóòñòâèå âûðó- ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ n=15, ÷èñëî ñîñåäíèõ n=52). áîê è ïîëÿí, ãíåçäèòñÿ â îñíîâíîì ïî äî- Fig. 6. Selectivity of the Common Buzzard concerning species of nesting trees ëèíàì ðåê (Êàðÿêèí, 2004).  Êåðæåíñêîì (number of nesting trees n=15, number of the neighbor trees n=52). çàïîâåäíèêå ïî ëàíäøàôòíîé ïðèóðî÷åí- íîñòè (n=15) ïðåîáëàäàþò ãí¸çäà êàíþêà â êîâ êàíþêà (Ëåòîïèñü ïðèðîäû…, 2007). äîëèíàõ ìàëûõ è ñðåäíèõ ðåê (67% ãí¸çä,  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íà òåððèòîðèè çàïî- 55% ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé); îòêðûòûå âåäíèêà èçâåñòíî 15 ãí¸çä êàíþêà, íàõîäÿ- ïðîñòðàíñòâà (ïîëÿíû) èìåþòñÿ òîëüêî íà ùèõñÿ íà 11 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ (ðèñ. 1). 4-õ ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ (36% òåððèòî- Ìåäèàíà ðàññòîÿíèé ìåæäó öåíòðà- ðèé). Îòêðûòûå ïðîñòðàíñòâà â çàïîâåäíè- ìè ñîñåäíèõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ êàíþêà êå â îñíîâíîì ïðåäñòàâëåíû âåðõîâûìè è (n=7) – 4,8 êì (25-é ïðîöåíòèëü = 2,5 êì, ïåðåõîäíûìè áîëîòàìè, à òàêæå ïóñòîøà- 75-é ïðîöåíòèëü = 6,3 êì). Ìåæäó æèëû- ìè, ïåðèôåðèè êîòîðûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ äëÿ êà- 146 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Òàáë. 3. Äèàìåòðû ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ êàíþêà è ñî- ñåäíèõ ñ íèìè äåðåâüåâ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Table 3. Diameters of the Common Buzzard’s nesting trees and neighbor trees in a nesting site.

Äèàìåòð, ñì Âûáîðêà äåðåâüåâ Diameter, sm Sample of trees N M±SD (lim) Ãíåçäîâûå / Nesting 14 33.6±9.1 (20–56) Ñîñåäíèå / Neighbors 52 29.2±7.4 (15–50)

çàïîâåäíèêà, ðàâíîé 14%). Äëÿ âîäîðàç- äåëîâ, íàïðîòèâ, âûÿâëåíà çíà÷èòåëüíàÿ ñòåïåíü èçáåãàíèÿ – èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíî- ñòè ðàâåí -0,9 (33% ãí¸çä ðàçìåùåíî íà âîäîðàçäåëàõ, çàíèìàþùèõ 86% ïëîùàäè çàïîâåäíèêà). Ïî-âèäèìîìó, äëÿ êàíþêà òàêîé ïàðà- ìåòð, êàê âîçìîæíîñòü õîðîøåé óêðû- òîñòè ãí¸çä, íå âëèÿåò íà âûáîð äîëèí â êà÷åñòâå ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé, â îòëè÷èå îò òåòåðåâÿòíèêà (Íîâèêîâà, 2008), ïî- Ðèñ. 7. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ êàíþêà ïî âûñîòå (n=15). Ðàñïðåäå- ñêîëüêó ïëîõî óêðûòûå ãí¸çäà ïðåîáëàäà- ëåíèå áëèçêî ê íîðìàëüíîìó. þò è â äîëèíàõ (56%), è íà âîäîðàçäåëàõ Fig. 7. Distribution of heights of the Common Buzzard’s nesting tree (n=15). (80%), à äîëÿ õîðîøî óêðûòûõ ïðèìåðíî Distribution is close to normal. ðàâíà (ïî 20%).

3.2.2. Âûáîð ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ Íàèáîëåå çíà÷èìûìè äëÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè ëåñíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ èõ áèîòî- ïè÷åñêèé ñîñòàâ, âîçðàñò è ïðîñòðàí- ñòâåííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà äðåâîñòîÿ (Âëàäû- øåâñêèé, 1980). Àíàëèç èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè ïî áèîòîïè÷å- ñêîìó ñîñòàâó ëåñíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ ïðè âûáî- ðå êàíþêîì ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïðîâîäèë- ñÿ ïóò¸ì ñðàâíåíèÿ äîëè ïëîùàäè áèîòîïà â çàïîâåäíèêå è äîëè ÷èñëà ãí¸çä, ðàñïîëî- æåííûõ â äàííîì áèîòîïå (ðèñ. 2). Íàèáîëåå ïðåäïî÷èòàåìû êàíþêîì îëü- øàíèêè (èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè 0,7). Áå- ðåçíÿêè èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíî èõ îáèëèþ (èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè 0,0). Äëÿ ñîñíÿêîâ âûÿâëåíà íåêîòîðàÿ ñòåïåíü èçáå- ãàíèÿ (èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè ðàâåí -0,3). Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêà ïî îòíîøå- íèþ ê áèîòîïè÷åñêîìó ñîñòàâó ëåñà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñõîäíà ñ èçáèðàòåëü- Ðèñ. 8. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ êàíþêà ïî âûñîòå ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ íîñòüþ òåòåðåâÿòíèêà, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ãíåçäà (n=15). Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå áëèçêî ê íîðìàëüíîìó. åëüíèêîâ, äëÿ êîòîðûõ ó ïîñëåäíåãî íà- Fig. 8. Distribution of heights of the Common Buzzard’s nest location (n=15). áëþäàåòñÿ âûñîêàÿ ñòåïåíü ïðåäïî÷òå- Distribution is close to normal. íèÿ (Íîâèêîâà, 2008).  çàïîâåäíèêå «Áðÿíñêèé ëåñ» äëÿ êà- íþêà ñóáîïòèìàëüíûìè ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿìè íþêà õàðàêòåðíî ïðåäïî÷òåíèå äóáðàâ, (Êàðÿêèí, 2004). ñìåøàííûõ ëåñîâ, îëüøàíèêîâ è îñèí- Èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè Èâëåâà- íèêîâ, à òàêæå èçáåãàíèå áåðåçíÿêîâ è Äæåêîáñà äëÿ äîëèí ðåê ðàâåí 0,9 (67% ñîñíÿêîâ. Íà Âåðõíåäîíñêîì ñòàöèîíà- ãí¸çä ïðè äîëå ïîéì îò îáùåé ïëîùàäè ðå (Ëèïåöêàÿ îáëàñòü) êàíþê ãíåçäèòñÿ Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 147

75-é ïðîöåíòèëü = 70 ëåò).  çàïîâåäíèêå «Áðÿíñêèé ëåñ» (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á) ñðåäíèé âîçðàñò äðåâîñòîÿ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ êàíþêà – 36–75 ëåò. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âîç- ðàñòà äðåâîñòîåâ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ êàíþêà â Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå ïîêà- çàíî íà ðèñóíêå 3. Àíàëèç èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè êàíþêà â îò- íîøåíèè âîçðàñòà äðåâîñòîÿ âûïîëíåí ïî ìàòåðèàëàì ëåñîóñòðîéñòâà. Äëÿ ýòîãî ëåñíûå âûäåëû çàïîâåäíèêà áûëè ðàçáèòû íà 5 ãðóïï ïî âîçðàñòó ïåðâîãî ÿðóñà äðå- âîñòîÿ: âûäåëà âîçðàñòîì äî 36 ëåò, îò 36 äî 50 ëåò, îò 51 äî 65 ëåò, îò 66 äî 80 ëåò, áîëåå 80 ëåò. Áûëè ðàññ÷èòàíû çíà÷åíèÿ èíäåêñîâ èç- áèðàòåëüíîñòè Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà íà îñíî- âå ñðàâíåíèÿ âîçðàñòíîãî ñîñòàâà äðå- âîñòîåâ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ è íà âñåé òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà. Íà ðèñóíêå 4 ïðåäñòàâëåíà èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêà â îòíîøåíèè âîçðàñòà äðåâîñòîÿ íà ãíåçäî- Ðèñ. 9. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ êàíþêà ïî äèàìåòðó (n=14). Ðàñïðå- âûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. äåëåíèå áëèçêî ê íîðìàëüíîìó. Íàèáîëåå âûñîêèå çíà÷åíèÿ èíäåêñà Fig. 9. Distribution of diameters of Common Buzzard’s nesting trees (n=14). èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè äëÿ âîçðàñòà äðåâîñòîÿ Distribution is close to normal. ó êàíþêà ëåæàò â èíòåðâàëå îò 50 äî 80 ëåò, áîëåå ìîëîäûå äðåâîñòîè èçáåãàþò- ñÿ; òàêèå æå ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿ áûëè âûÿâëå- íû è ó ÿñòðåáà-òåòåðåâÿòíèêà (Íîâèêîâà, 2008). Èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè ðàñò¸ò ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì âîçðàñòà äðåâîñòîÿ. Îäíàêî äëÿ âîçðàñòà ñòàðøå 80 ëåò íàáëþäàåòñÿ ñíèæåíèå èíäåêñà äî íóëÿ, îçíà÷àþùåãî îòñóòñòâèå èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè, ÷òî, âèäèìî, ñâÿçàíî ñ òåì, ÷òî äðåâîñòîè âîçðàñòîì áîëåå 80 ëåò â çàïîâåäíèêå â îñíîâíîì ïðåäñòàâëåíû íà âåðõîâûõ è ïåðåõîäíûõ áîëîòàõ – áèîòîïàõ, íå ïîäõîäÿùèõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ êàíþêà.  çàïîâåäíèêå «Áðÿíñêèé ëåñ» äëÿ êà- íþêà âûÿâëåíî ïðåäïî÷òåíèå ñòàðîëåñèé – ëåñíûõ âûäåëîâ âîçðàñòîì 70–89 è, îñî- áåííî, 90–160 ëåò (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á). Ìåäèàííàÿ ñîìêíóòîñòü ïîëîãà äðåâî- ñòîÿ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ êàíþêà (â ðà- äèóñå 20 ì âîêðóã ãí¸çä) ðàâíà 0,7 (25-é Ðèñ. 10. Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêà â îòíîøåíèè äèàìåòðà ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ ïðîöåíòèëü = 0,7, 75-é ïðîöåíòèëü = 0,8). (÷èñëî ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ n=14, ÷èñëî ñîñåäíèõ äåðåâüåâ n=52). Ëèíèÿ âûáîð- Ðàçáðîñ ñîìêíóòîñòè ïîëîãà ïîêàçàí íà êè ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ëèíåéíîé çàâèñèìîñòè (êîýôôèöèåíò êîððåëÿöèè Ñïèðìåíà = 0,93; p=0,0025). ðèñóíêå 5. Èññëåäîâàíèÿ ðàçìåùåíèÿ ãí¸çä â ñîîá- Fig. 10. Selectivity of the Common Buzzard concerning diameter of nesting trees (number of nesting trees n=14, number of neighbor trees n=52). The line of ùåñòâå ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî ãíåçäîâûå äåðåâüÿ sample corresponds to linear dependence (Spearman correlation factor = 0.93; õèùíûõ ïòèö, êàê ïðàâèëî, ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ p=0.0025). âáëèçè îêíà â ïîëîãå ëåñà, îáåñïå÷èâàþ- ùåãî êðóïíûì ïòèöàì õîðîøèé îáçîð, âî âñåõ áèîòîïàõ, íî ÷àùå – â äóáðàâàõ. ïîäë¸ò è ìàí¸âðû âîêðóã ãíåçäà (Ãàëó- (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á). øèí, 1971; Âëàäûøåâñêèé, 1980; Ðîìàíîâ, Íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ êàíþêà ìåäè- 2001à, 2001á).  Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíè- àííûé âîçðàñò äðåâîñòîÿ (n=15) ñîñòàâ- êå îêíà ïðèñóòñòâóþò íà 11 èç 13 ãíåçäî- ëÿåò 50 ëåò (25-é ïðîöåíòèëü = 35 ëåò, âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ êàíþêà. 148 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Òàáë. 4. Èíäåêñû ìîùíîñòè ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ êàíþêà è ñîñåäíèõ ñ íèìè íî èõ îáèëèþ â ðàñòèòåëüíîì ïîêðîâå äåðåâüåâ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. (èíäåêñ Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà ðàâåí 0), à ñî- Table 4. Indexes of power of the Common Buzzard’s nesting trees and neighbor ñíó è áåð¸çó êàíþê èçáåãàåò. trees in a nesting site. Ì.Ñ. Ðîìàíîâ (2001á) ñâÿçûâàåò ðàçìå- Èíäåêñ ìîùíîñòè 25-é – 75-é ùåíèå ãí¸çä ïåðíàòûìè õèùíèêàìè ñ îí- äåðåâà ïðîöåíòèëü òîãåíåòè÷åñêèì ñîñòîÿíèåì äåðåâà, à íå Âûáîðêà äåðåâüåâ Index of power; 25th – 75th åãî âîçðàñòîì. Ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ òåì, ÷òî, íå- Sample of trees N M (lim) percentile ñìîòðÿ íà ðàçíûå òåìïû ðàçâèòèÿ è ïðî- Ãíåçäîâûå / Nesting 14 2.1 (1.7–2.9) 1.8 – 2.5 äîëæèòåëüíîñòü æèçíè, ôàçû îíòîãåíåçà è ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòü èõ ïðîõîæäåíèÿ ó ðàç- Ñîñåäíèå / Neighbors 52 1.7 (1.0–3.3) 1.5 – 2.1 íûõ âèäîâ äåðåâüåâ ñîâïàäàþò. Òàêîé ïîä- õîä äà¸ò âîçìîæíîñòü «ñèíõðîíèçèðîâàòü» 3.2.3. Âûáîð ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ áèîëîãè÷åñêîå âðåìÿ äåðåâüåâ, îòñ÷èòûâàÿ Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêà ïðè âûáîðå åãî íå ãîäàìè, à âîçðàñòíûìè ôàçàìè, ò.å., ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ îöåíèëè ïî òð¸ì ïà- îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêèìè ñîñòîÿíèÿìè. ðàìåòðàì: âèäû ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ, èõ Øêàëà îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ñîñòîÿíèé îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêîå ñîñòîÿíèå è ðàçìåðû, ðàñòåíèé áûëà ïðåäëîæåíà è ðàçðàáî- à òàêæå ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàëè ðàñïîëîæåíèå òàíà îòå÷åñòâåííîé øêîëîé ïîïóëÿöè- ãí¸çä íà äåðåâüÿõ. îííûõ ýêîëîãîâ (Äèàãíîçû…, 1989). Ñî- Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêà â îòíîøåíèè ãëàñíî ýòîé êîíöåïöèè, âñå âèäû äåðåâüåâ âèäîâ ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ èçó÷àëàñü ïóò¸ì ïðîõîäÿò â ñâî¸ì ðàçâèòèè ðÿä ïîñëåäî- ñðàâíåíèÿ ñïåêòðà ïîðîä ãíåçäîâûõ äåðå- âàòåëüíûõ ôàç èëè âîçðàñòíûõ îíòîãå- âüåâ ñî ñïåêòðîì ïîðîä äåðåâüåâ íà ãíåç- íåòè÷åñêèõ ñîñòîÿíèé – îò ïðîðîñòêà äî äîâîì ó÷àñòêå (ãíåçäîâîå äåðåâî âìåñòå ñ ñòàðîãî ãåíåðàòèâíîãî è ñåíèëüíîãî.  ãå- 4-ìÿ ñîñåäíèìè) (ðèñ. 6). íåðàòèâíîì ïåðèîäå âûäåëÿþò ñëåäóþùèå Íàèáîëåå ïðåäïî÷èòàåìûìè êàíþêîì îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêèå ñîñòîÿíèÿ: ìîëîäûå ïîðîäàìè äåðåâüåâ îêàçàëèñü ëèïà (èíäåêñ ãåíåðàòèâíûå äåðåâüÿ, ñðåäíåâîçðàñòíûå èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè ðàâåí 0,7) è åëü (0,3). Ñî- ãåíåðàòèâíûå è ñòàðûå ãåíåðàòèâíûå. ñíà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ êàíþêîì äëÿ óñòðîéñòâà Ïî îáùåïðèçíàííîìó ìíåíèþ, áîëü- ãíåçä ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíî å¸ îáèëèþ (0,1), à øèíñòâî âèäîâ ëåñíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíè- áåð¸çà íåñêîëüêî èçáåãàåòñÿ (-0,2). êîâ ïðåäïî÷èòàþò ãíåçäèòüñÿ íà íàèáîëåå  çàïîâåäíèêå «Áðÿíñêèé ëåñ» (Ðîìàíîâ, ñòàðûõ äåðåâüÿõ (Ãàëóøèí, 1971; Èâà- 2001á) âûÿâëåíî ïðåäïî÷òåíèå êàíþêîì íîâñêèé, 1985; Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á; Øåïåëü, äóáà è åëè (èíäåêñ Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà ðà- 1992 è äð.). âåí 0,7 è 0,8, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî), îëüõó è  Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå íà ñðåäíå- îñèíó êàíþê èñïîëüçóåò ïðîïîðöèîíàëü- âîçðàñòíûõ äåðåâüÿõ ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ 10 ãí¸çä êàíþêà (71%), íà ñòàðûõ äåðåâüÿõ – 4 ãíåçäà (29%). Äëÿ ñðàâíåíèÿ, íà Áðÿíñêîì ñòàöèîíà- ðå íà ìîëîäûõ äåðåâüÿõ ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ 18,3% ãí¸çä êàíþêà, íà ñðåäíåâîçðàñòíûõ – 50,0%, íà ñòàðûõ – 29,8%. Íà Âåðõíå- äîíñêîì ñòàöèîíàðå íà ìîëîäûõ äåðå- âüÿõ – 22,2% ãí¸çä, íà ñðåäíåâîçðàñòíûõ – 75,0% (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á). Àíàëèç èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè êàíþêîâ, ãíåç- äÿùèõñÿ â Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå, â îòíîøåíèè îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ äåðåâà áûë ïðîâåä¸í íà îñíîâå ñðàâíå- íèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ (n=14) è ñîñåäíèõ íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå âìåñòå ñ ãíåçäîâû- ìè (÷èñëî ñîñåäíèõ n=52). Ïîëó÷åííûå çíà÷åíèÿ èíäåêñîâ Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà ïî- êàçûâàþò ïðåäïî÷òåíèå ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõ äåðåâüåâ (èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè ðàâåí Ðèñ. 11. Èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü êàíþêîâ â îòíîøåíèè èíäåêñà ìîùíîñòè ãíåçäîâûõ 0,4), ñðåäíåâîçðàñòíûå äåðåâüÿ êàíþê, äåðåâüåâ (÷èñëî ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ n=14, ÷èñëî ñîñåäíèõ äåðåâüåâ n=52). ïðè íàëè÷èè ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõ, èçáåãàåò Fig. 11. Selectivity of the Common Buzzard concerning an index of power of (èíäåêñ ðàâåí -0,4). nesting trees (number of nesting trees n=14, number of the next trees n=52). Ñðåäíÿÿ âûñîòà ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ êà- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 149

Òàáë. 5. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãí¸çä êàíþêà ïî ñïîñîáàì ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ íà äåðåâå. Ñðåäíèé äèàìåòð ñòâîëà ãíåçäîâûõ äå- Table 5. Distribution of the Common Buzzard’s nests according to location on the ðåâüåâ êàíþêà (n=14) ðàâåí 33,6±9,1 ñì tree. (òàáë. 3). Ñîîòíîøåíèå êîëè÷åñòâà äåðå- âüåâ ðàçíûõ êëàññîâ äèàìåòðà ïðåäñòàâëå- Êîëè÷åñòâî ãí¸çä íî íà ðèñóíêå 9.  çàïîâåäíèêå «Áðÿíñêèé Nest numbers ëåñ» ñðåäíèé äèàìåòð ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ Ñïîñîá ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãíåçäà íà äåðåâå ×èñëî Äîëÿ, % êàíþêà – 48,4±1,28 ñì, íà Âåðõíåäîí- Nest location Number Portion, % ñêîì ñòàöèîíàðå – 37,4±1,86 ñì (Ðîìà- Íà áîêîâûõ âåòâÿõ, ïðèìûêàåò ê ñòâîëó íîâ, 2001á). On lateral branches close to a trunk 7 46.6 Ïî äèàìåòðó ñòâîëà ãíåçäîâûå äåðåâüÿ Íà èñêðèâë¸ííîì ñó÷êå íà ìóòîâêå âåòâåé â õèùíûõ ïòèö, êàê ïðàâèëî, çíà÷èòåëüíî 0–35 ñì îò ñòâîëà / On the curved branch in a êðóïíåå îêðóæàþùåãî äðåâîñòîÿ (Ðîìà- branch fork in 0–35 cm from a trunk 4 26.6 íîâ, 2001á). Íà ñó÷êå â 15 ñì îò ñòâîëà Ñðàâíåíèå äèàìåòðîâ ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ On a lateral branch in 15 cm from a trunk 1 6.7 êàíþêà ñ ñîñåäíèìè äåðåâüÿìè (òàáë. 3) ïðîâåëè òàêæå ïî ìåòîäèêå Ì.Ñ. Ðîìàíîâà  ðàçâèëêå ñòâîëà / In a trunk fork 1 6.7 (2001á) ïîñðåäñòâîì âû÷èñëåíèÿ èíäåêñà Íà îäíîì èç íàêëîí¸ííûõ ñòâîëîâ â ìåñòå èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà è ïî- åãî èçãèáà ñòðîåíèÿ ãðàôèêà çàâèñèìîñòè èíäåêñà On an inclined trunk in a place of its bending 1 6.7 èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè îò äèàìåòðà (ðèñ. 10). Íà ñòâîëå óïàâøåãî äåðåâà â ìåñòå Ãðàôèê íà ðèñóíêå 10 ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî ñîïðèêîñíîâåíèÿ ñî ñòîÿùèì äåðåâîì èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü âîçðàñòàåò ñ óâåëè÷åíèåì On a trunk of the fallen tree in a place of its äèàìåòðà äåðåâà. Íàèáîëåå ïðåäïî÷èòàå- contact with another standing tree 1 6.7 ìûé äèàìåòð ñòâîëà ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ – 45–55 ñì. Äåðåâüåâ òàêîãî äèàìåòðà â çàïî- íþêà â Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå (n=15) âåäíèêå äîñòàòî÷íî ìàëî – ñðåäíèé äèàìåòð – 16,2±4,1 ì. Ñðåäíÿÿ âûñîòà ðàñïîëî- ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ 33,6 ñì, ÷òî ãîâîðèò î æåíèÿ ãíåçäà (n=15) – 9,3±3,1 ì. Ðàçáðîñ ÿâíîì íåäîñòàòêå òîëñòûõ äåðåâüåâ. âûñîò ïîêàçàí íà ðèñóíêàõ 7 è 8.  çàïî- Çíà÷åíèå èíäåêñîâ ìîùíîñòè ñóùå- âåäíèêå «Áðÿíñêèé ëåñ» âûñîòà ãíåçäîâûõ ñòâåííî ðàçëè÷àåòñÿ ó ãíåçäîâûõ è ñîñåä- äåðåâüåâ êàíþêà – 23,5±0,49 ì, íà Âåðõ- íèõ äåðåâüåâ, ó ïåðâûõ îíî ìîæåò áûòü íåäîíñêîì ñòàöèîíàðå – 24,3±1,1 ì (Ðîìà- â íåñêîëüêî ðàç áîëüøå (Ðîìàíîâ, 2001á). íîâ, 2001á). Ïî äàííûì Ì.Ñ. Ðîìàíîâà (2001á) êàíþêè ïðîÿâëÿþò ïðåäïî÷òåíèå áîëåå ìîùíûõ äåðåâüåâ. Íàøè äàííûå ïîäòâåðæäàþò ýòî ïîëîæåíèå (òàáë. 4, ðèñ. 11). Âåðîÿòíî, â Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå êàíþêè èñïûòûâàþò íåäîñòàòîê äåðåâüåâ áîëüøîé ìîùíîñòè, ïîñêîëüêó ïðè ñðåä- íåé ìîùíîñòè ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ, ðàâíîé 2,1, áîëåå ïðåäïî÷èòàåìûå çíà÷åíèÿ èí- äåêñà 2,5–3,0. Ïî ñïîñîáàì ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ íà äåðåâå ïðåîáëàäàþò ãí¸çäà êàíþêà, ïðèìûêàþ- ùèå ê ñòâîëó íà áîêîâûõ âåòâÿõ, íà âòî- ðîì ìåñòå ïî ÷èñëó – ãí¸çäà, ïîñòðîåííûå íà èñêðèâëåííîì ñó÷êå â ìóòîâêå âåòâåé (òàáë. 5). Ïî ðàñïîëîæåíèþ â êðîíå (n=15) ïðå- îáëàäàþò ïîñòðîéêè, ðàçìåùåííûå â íèæ- íåé è ñðåäíåé ÷àñòÿõ êðîíû (ïî 5 ãí¸çä), à òàêæå ïîä êðîíîé (4 ãíåçäà).  âåðõíåé ÷àñòè êðîíû ðàñïîëîæåíî òîëüêî 1 ãíåçäî (ðèñ. 12).

Âûâîäû Ðèñ. 12. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãí¸çä êàíþêà ïî õàðàêòåðó ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ (n=15). Íà òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà âûÿâëåíî 15 Fig. 12. Distribution of nests of the Common Buzzard according to character of ãí¸çä êàíþêà, íàõîäÿùèõñÿ íà 11-òè ãíåç- location (n=15). äîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Åæåãîäíî ãíåçäèòñÿ 0–7 150 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

ïàð êàíþêà, â ñðåäíåì 2,8 ïàðû; ñðåäíÿÿ õàðàêòåðèñòèêà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ îáûêíîâåííîãî ïëîòíîñòü ãíåçäîâàíèÿ – 0,6 ïàðû/100 êì2. êàíþêà â óñëîâèÿõ çàïîâåäíîãî è îáùåãî ðå- Öåíòðû ñîñåäíèõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ æèìà. – Òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ Âñåñîþçíîé íàó÷- êàíþêà ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ â ñðåäíåì â 4,8 êì íîé êîíôåðåíöèè çîîëîãîâ ïåäâóçîâ. Ïåðìü, 1976. Ñ. 220–223. äðóã îò äðóãà, æèëûå ãí¸çäà ðàçíûõ ïàð – Äèàãíîçû è êëþ÷è îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêèõ ñîñòîÿ- â 3,8 êì; ìèíèìàëüíîå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó íèé äåðåâüåâ. Ì: ÌÃÏÈ, 1989. 40 ñ. æèëûìè ãí¸çäàìè – 1,7 êì. Èâàíîâñêèé Â.Â. Ðåäêèå õèùíûå ïòèöû Áåëî- Íà ëàíäøàôòíîì óðîâíå ïðè âûáîðå ãíåç- ðóññêîãî ïîîçåðüÿ è ïóòè èõ îõðàíû. Äèññ… äîâûõ òåððèòîðèé âûÿâëåíî ïðåäïî÷òåíèå ê.á.í. Ì., 1985. 250 ñ. äîëèí ìàëûõ è ñðåäíèõ ðåê (èíäåêñ èçáèðà- Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè (ìåòîäè÷å- òåëüíîñòè Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà ðàâåí 0,9). ñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî èçó÷åíèþ ñîêîëîîáðàç- Íà öåíîòè÷åñêîì óðîâíå ïðè âûáîðå íûõ è ñîâîîáðàçíûõ). Í. Íîâãîðîä, 2004. 351 ñ. ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ íàèáîëåå ïðåäïî÷è- Êîðîòêîâ Â.Í. Íîâàÿ ïàðàäèãìà â ëåñíîé ýêîëîãèè. – Áèîëîãè÷åñêèå íàóêè. 1991. ¹7. òàåìû êàíþêîì ïî áèîòîïè÷åñêîìó ñîñòà- Ñ. 7–19. âó – îëüøàíèêè (èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíîñòè Ëåòîïèñü ïðèðîäû Êåðæåíñêîãî ãîñóäàð- ðàâåí 0,7), ïî âîçðàñòó äðåâîñòîÿ – îò 50 ñòâåííîãî çàïîâåäíèêà. 2005. Êí. 12. Í. Íîâ- äî 80 ëåò. ãîðîä, 2006. 223 ñ. (Ðóêîïèñü ÃÏÁÇ «Êåðæåí- Ïðè âûáîðå ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ êàíþ- ñêèé»). êè íàèáîëüøóþ ñòåïåíü ïðåäïî÷òåíèÿ Ëåòîïèñü ïðèðîäû Êåðæåíñêîãî ãîñóäàð- îêàçûâàþò ëèïå (èíäåêñ èçáèðàòåëüíî- ñòâåííîãî çàïîâåäíèêà. 2006. Êí. 13. Í. Íîâ- ñòè ðàâåí 0,7) è åëè (0,3). Ïðåäïî÷èòàå- ãîðîä, 2007. 218 ñ. (Ðóêîïèñü ÃÏÁÇ «Êåðæåí- ìûé äèàìåòð ñòâîëà ãíåçäîâûõ äåðåâüåâ ñêèé»). Ëåòîïèñü ïðèðîäû Êåðæåíñêîãî ãîñóäàð- – 45–55 ñì, ñðåäíèé äèàìåòð – 33,6 ñì. ñòâåííîãî çàïîâåäíèêà. 2007. Êí. 14. Í. Íîâ- Ïî îíòîãåíåòè÷åñêîìó ñîñòîÿíèþ êàíþêè ãîðîä, 2008. 253 ñ. (Ðóêîïèñü ÃÏÁÇ «Êåðæåí- ïðîÿâëÿþò èçáèðàòåëüíîñòü ïî îòíîøå- ñêèé»). íèþ ê ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûì äåðåâüÿì (èíäåêñ Ìåëüíèêîâ Â.Í. Ñîêîëîîáðàçíûå âîñòî÷íîãî Èâëåâà-Äæåêîáñà ðàâåí 0,4). Âåðõíåâîëæüÿ: ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîå ðàñïðåäåëå- Íà ñîâðåìåííîì ýòàïå ðàçâèòèÿ ðàñòè- íèå, äèíàìèêà íàñåëåíèÿ. Äèññ. … êàíä. áèîë. òåëüíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ çàïîâåäíèêà óñëîâèÿ íàóê. Èâàíîâî, 1999. 141 ñ. íå ÿâëÿþòñÿ àáñîëþòíî îïòèìàëüíûìè äëÿ Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. Ðàçìåùåíèå ìåñòîîáèòàíèé îáèòàíèÿ êàíþêà. Ýòîò âèä èñïûòûâàåò ÿñòðåáà-òåòåðåâÿòíèêà â ðàñòèòåëüíîì ïîêðî- âå Êåðæåíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà. – Ïåðíàòûå õèù- íåêîòîðûé íåäîñòàòîê ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõ íèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2008. ¹14. Ñ. 96–107. ñîîáùåñòâ è äåðåâüåâ áîëüøîé âûñîòû è Ïðîåêò îðãàíèçàöèè è âåäåíèÿ çàïîâåäíî- äèàìåòðà. Ïî ïðè÷èíå îòñóòñòâèÿ âûðóáîê ãî äåëà ÃÏÇ «Êåðæåíñêèé». Ò. 1. Êí. 1. ×. 1. è ïîëÿí, êàíþêè âûíóæäåíû ãíåçäèòüñÿ â Í. Íîâãîðîä, 2000. 241 ñ. îñíîâíîì ïî äîëèíàì ðåê. Ðîìàíîâ Ì.Ñ. Ìîçàèêà ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïî- êðîâà êàê ôàêòîð, îáåñïå÷èâàþùèé ãíåçäî- Ëèòåðàòóðà âàíèå õèùíûõ ïòèö. – Àêòóàëüíûå ïðîáëåìû Àâåðèíà È.À. Ïîæàðû íà òåððèòîðèè Êåð- èçó÷åíèÿ è îõðàíû ïòèö Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è æåíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà. Ïðèðîäíûå óñëîâèÿ Ñåâåðíîé Àçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû ìåæäóíàðîäíîé Êåðæåíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà è íåêîòîðûå àñïåê- êîíôåðåíöèè (IX Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ êîíôå- òû îõðàíû ïðèðîäû Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. – ðåíöèÿ). Êàçàíü, 2001a. Ñ. 534–536. Òðóäû Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïðèðîäíîãî çàïîâåä- Ðîìàíîâ Ì.Ñ. Òîïè÷åñêèå ñâÿçè ëåñíûõ õèù- íèêà «Êåðæåíñêèé». Ò. 1. Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä, íûõ ïòèö â ìîçàèêå ðàñòèòåëüíîãî ïîêðîâà. 2001. Ñ. 404–414. Äèññ. … êàíä. áèîë. íàóê. Ì.: ÌÏÃÓ. 2001b. Âëàäûøåâñêèé Ä.Â. Ýêîëîãèÿ ëåñíûõ ïòèö è 225 ñ. çâåðåé (êîðìîäîáûâàíèå è åãî áèîöåíîòè÷å- Ðîìàíîâ Ì.Ñ. Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ÷¸ðíûé àèñò ñêîå çíà÷åíèå). Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà, 1980. â ðàñòèòåëüíîì ïîêðîâå Íåðóññî-äåñíÿíñêîãî 264 ñ. Ïîëåñüÿ. – Èçó÷åíèå è îõðàíà áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî Âîëêîâà Í.È., Ãðàäîáîåâ À.À., Æó÷êîâà Â.Ê., ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ Áðÿíñêîé îáëàñòè. Ìàòåðèàëû Êîçëîâ Ä.Í., Êðóøèíà Þ.Â., Øåéêî Ñ.Í., Êî- ïî âåäåíèþ Êðàñíîé êíèãè Áðÿíñêîé îáëàñòè. ðàáëåâà Î.Â., Óðáàíàâè÷óòå Ñ.Ï., Ïîïîâ Ñ.Þ. Âûï. 1. Òðóá÷åâñê, 2005. Ñ. 190–210. Ëàíäøàôòíàÿ êàðòà çàïîâåäíèêà «Êåðæåí- Ñèìêèí Ã.Í. Íà ïóòè ê ðàçðàáîòêå íîâûõ ñêèé». – Òðóäû Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïðèðîäíîãî ñòðàòåãèé îõðàíû è ýêîëîãè÷åñêîé îïòèìèçà- áèîñôåðíîãî çàïîâåäíèêà «Êåðæåíñêèé». Ò. 3. öèè ïðèðîäíîé ñðåäû. – Áþëë. ÌÎÈÏ. Îòä. Í. Íîâãîðîä, 2006. Ñ. 5–11. áèîë., 1988. Ò. 93. Ñ. 11–23. Ãàëóøèí Â.Ì. ×èñëåííîñòü è òåððèòîðèàëü- Øåïåëü À.È. Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû Ïåðìñêî- íîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå õèùíûõ ïòèö Åâðîïåéñêî- ãî Ïðèêàìüÿ. Èðêóòñê, 1992. 296 ñ. ãî öåíòðà ÑÑÑÐ. – Òðóäû Îêñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà. The mosaic-cycle concept of ecosystems. Ì., 1971. Âûï. 8. Ñ. 5–132. Ecological Studies. Analysis and synthesis. 1991. Ãàëóøèí Â.Ì., Ñîñêîâà Å.À. Ñðàâíèòåëüíàÿ V. 85. 169 p. Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 151

NotesAboutDistributionofBirdsofPreyintheEravninskiyRegionof theRepublicofBurjatia,Russia К РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЮ ХИЩНЫХ ПТИЦ ЕРАВНИНСКОГО РАЙОНА РЕСПУБЛИКИ БУРЯТИЯ, РОССИЯ PopovV.V.(BaikalianFieldStudyCenter"WildlifeofAsia",Irkutsk,Russia) AnaninA.A.(StateNatureBiosphereReserve"Barguzinskiy",Russia) Попов В.В. (Байкальский центр полевых исследований «Дикая природа Азии», Иркутск, Россия) Ананин А.А. (Государственный природный биосферный заповедник «Баргузинский», Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Àáñòðàêò Âèêòîð Ïîïîâ  ñòàòüå ïðèâåäåíû ðåçóëüòàòû îáñëåäîâàíèÿ êîòëîâèíû Åðàâíèíñêèõ îç¸ð (Åðàâíèíñêèé ðàéîí, Ðåñïóáëèêà Áàéêàëüñêèé öåíòð Áóðÿòèÿ). Ïîëåâûå ðàáîòû ïðîâîäèëèñü ñ 6 ïî 11 èþíÿ è ñ 28 èþëÿ ïî 25 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. Âñåãî çà ýòîò ïåðèîä ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé âñòðå÷åíî 15 âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö, ñ ó÷¸òîì ëèòåðàòóðíûõ äàííûõ (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967) â ñòàòüå ïðèâåäåíû ñâåäåíèÿ «Äèêàÿ ïðèðîäà Àçèè» î 18 âèäàõ. Îòìå÷åíû õîõëàòûé îñîåä (Pernis ptilorhynchus), ÷åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans lineatus), ïî- Ðîññèÿ 664022 ëåâîé ëóíü (Circus cyaneus), çàïàäíûé è âîñòî÷íûé áîëîòíûé ëóíè (C. aeruginosus, C. spilonotus), òåòåðåâÿòíèê Èðêóòñê (Accipiter gentilis), ïåðåïåëÿòíèê (A. nisus), êàíþê (Buteo buteo), ìîõíîíîãèé êóðãàííèê (B. hemilasius), áåðêóò ïåð. Ñèáèðñêèé, 5–2l (Aquila chrysaetos), ìîãèëüíèê (A. heliaca), îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla), ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus), ÷å- òåë.: +7 3952 48 04 03 ãëîê (F. subbuteo) è ïóñòåëüãà (F. tinnunculus). Ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èíòåðåñ íàõîäêà ãíåçäà îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà. Ñëåäóåò [email protected] îòìåòèòü â Åðàâíèíñêîì ðàéîíå âûñîêóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö – ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà, êàíþêà, ÷åãëîêà, îáûêíîâåííîé ïóñòåëüãè è îñîáåííî òàêîãî ðåäêîãî âèäà, êàê îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè, õèùíûå ïòèöû, Áóðÿòèÿ. Àëåêñàíäð Àíàíèí Ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé Abstract ïðèðîäíûé The results of the field studies in the depression of Eravninskie lakes (Eravninskiy region, Republic of Burjatia) are áèîñôåðíûé presented in the paper. Field research was carried out from 6 June to 11 June and from 28 July to 25 August 2008. çàïîâåäíèê During this period a total of 15 birds of prey species were observed; in the paper we declare the data on 18 spe- «Áàðãóçèíñêèé» cies including published data (Izmailov, 1967). Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), Black-Eared Kite [email protected] (Milvus migrans lineatus), Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Western and Eastern Marsh Harriers (C. aeruginosus, C. spilonotus), Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), Upland (Buteo hemilasius) and Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo), Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), White-Tailed Contact: Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Hobby (Falco subbuteo), and Kestrel (Falco tinnun- Viktor Popov culus) are noted. The discovery of a nest of White-Tailed Eagle is of interest. We should note the high number of Baikalian Field Study certain raptor s species, namely, Black-Eared Kite, Buzzard, Hobby, Kestrel, and particularly such rare species as Center “Wildlife of Asia” White-Tailed Eagle in the Eravninskiy region. Sibirskiy per., 5–12 Keywords: raptors, birds of prey, Burjatia. Irkutsk 664022 Russia tel.: +7 3952 48 04 03 [email protected] Ðàéîí èññëåäîâàíèé Field research was carried out from 6 June Alexander Ananin State Nature Biosphere Êîòëîâèíû Åðàâíèíñêèõ îç¸ð, â êîòîðûõ to 11 June and from 28 July to 25 August Reserve “Barguzinskiy” ïðîâîäèëèñü èññëåäîâàíèÿ, èìåþò òèïè÷- 2008. During this period a total of 15 birds [email protected] íûé îáëèê äëÿ Âèòèìñêîãî ïëîñêîãîðüÿ: of prey species were observed; in the paper ÷åðåäîâàíèå ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåâûñîêèõ we declare the data on 18 species including (äî 1200–1300 ì í.ó.ì.) õðåáòîâ-óâàëîâ è published data (Izmailov, 1967). ìåæãîðíûõ ïîíèæåíèé (800–900 ì í.ó.ì.), âûòÿíóòûõ ñ þãî-çàïàäà íà ñåâåðî-âîñòîê, Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) îòñóòñòâèå ìîëîäûõ ôîðì ðåëüåôà, ñâÿ- Was observed in the Eravninskie lakes çàííûõ ñ íåäàâíèìè òåêòîíè÷åñêèìè äâè- only once by Izmailov (1967). æåíèÿìè. Õðåáòû-óâàëû, îáðàçóþùèå âîäîðàçäåëû, èìåþò ìÿãêèå î÷åðòàíèÿ Oriental Honey Hawk (Pernis ptilorhyn- ãðåáíåâûõ ëèíèé è ñðàâíèòåëüíî ïîëîãèå chus) è ñëàáî ðàñ÷ëåí¸ííûå ñêëîíû, íà êîòî- Single birds were recorded on 10 June ðûõ ïîâñþäó ãîñïîäñòâóþò ëèñòâåííè÷íûå and 11 August. ëåñà, â þæíîé ÷àñòè ñ ïðèìåñüþ áåð¸- çû. Äíèùà ìåæãîðíûõ ïîíèæåíèé çàíÿ- Black-Eared Kite (Milvus migrans linea- òû ëèñòâåííè÷íûìè êîëêàìè, çàðîñëÿìè tus) is a common breeding species. We sup- êóñòàðíèêîâûõ áåð¸ç è èâ – åðíèêàìè è pose that at least 7–10 pairs inhabit the Zaza ñûðûìè ëóãàìè, ÷àñòî çàáîëî÷åííûìè è river valley. In the second half of summer 152 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

the density on Turkhul lake and in the Zaza river basin varies from 0.4 to 3.9 ind./km2. The Black-Eared Kite is the most com- mon raptor species in the Eravninskaya de- pression. During 6 June – 11 June 17 birds were recorded, and 34 were recorded from 28 July to 25 August 2008. The majority of records were made in the forest-meadow zone of the Eravninskaya depression (47), the Kites were appreciably uncommon in larch taiga (4). In the second half of summer the density on Khorga, Gunda, and Isinga lakes is 2.0–3.7 ind./km2. We should note that Kites typically preferred the reservoir banks, although they have been also re- corded in suburbs of human settlements.

Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) A common possibly nesting species. Dur- Ðàéîí ðàáîò. çàêóñòàðåííûìè. Âñå ðåêè ïðèíàäëåæàò ing the period from 6 June to 11 June 8 birds Surveyed area. áàññåéíó ð. Ëåíû, â òîì ÷èñëå å¸ êðóï- were recorded and 21 birds (8 males, 12 íîãî ïðèòîêà – ð. Âèòèì. Äîëèíà ð. Çàçà females, in 8 sexes non-determined) were ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñåâåðíûì ôîðïîñòîì ëåñîñòå- recorded in the Eravninskaya depression on ïè, îñíîâó ðàñòèòåëüíîñòè â äîëèíå ñî- 28 July – 25 August, 2008. 27 and 2 birds ñòàâëÿþò ëèñòâåííè÷íûå êîëêè, ïðåäñòàâ- were recorded in the forest-meadow zone ëÿþùèå ÷åðåäîâàíèå ðîù ëèñòâåííèöû of the Eravninskaya depression and larch ñ îòêðûòûìè áåçëåñíûìè ó÷àñòêàìè, ïî- forests with the dwarf birch in the Zusy êðûòûìè íèçêîðîñëûìè çàðîñëÿìè èâ, range, respectively. In the second half of ëóãîâîé, áîëîòíîé è ñòåïíîé ðàñòèòåëü- summer the density on Khorga and Isinga íîñòüþ. Õîðîøî ïðåäñòàâëåíû ëèñòâåí- lakes reached 3.7–3.9 ind./km2. íè÷íûå ïîéìåííûå ëåñà ñ ó÷àñòèåì èâ è ïðèðå÷íûõ êóñòàðíèêîâ. Ëèñòâåííè÷- Western and Eastern Marsh Harrier (Cir- íàÿ òàéãà ñî ñëàáî ðàçâèòûì ïîäëåñêîì, cus aeruginosus and C. spilonotus) ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî èç áîëîòíîãî áàãóëü- Rare, possibly breeding species. A pos- íèêà è êóñòàðíèêîâûõ áåð¸çîê, ïðèóðî- sibly breeding pair was registered on July ÷åííàÿ ê ñðàâíèòåëüíî ïîëîãèì ñêëîíàì 31st on a swampy meadow on the bank of è íåâûñîêèì âîäîðàçäåëàì, øèðîêî ðàñ- Khorga lake. The majority of Marsh Harriers, ïðîñòðàíåíà íà ñêëîíàõ äîëèíû ð. Çàçà, except for a female recorded on 16 August, îñîáåííî â ñðåäíåì è âåðõíåì òå÷åíèè were C. spilonotus. ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí.  ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè áàññåéíà íàõîäèòñÿ ãðóïïà ñòåïíûõ îç¸ð, èç êî- Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) òîðûõ íàèáîëåå êðóïíîå – îç. Òóðõóë.  Single birds were recorded on 2 August Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå, ðàñïîëîæåííîé in swampy larch forest in the upper reach of íà âîäîðàçäåëå ðåê Óäû è Âèòèìà, èìå- the Ekhe-Gorkhon river, and twice in small åòñÿ ñâûøå 10 ìåëêîâîäíûõ êðóïíûõ è larch forests of the Zaza river valley on 11 áîëåå 200 ìåëêèõ îç¸ð îêðóãëîé ôîðìû August. An old Goshawk nest was found in ñ î÷åíü íèçêèìè áåðåãàìè. Ê þãó è þãî- a larch forest in the medium reach of the çàïàäó îò Åðàâíèíñêèõ îç¸ð, â óñëîâèÿõ Ehke-Gordon river on 8 June. õîëìèñòîãî, ÷àñòî ðàâíèííîãî ðåëüåôà, ñðåäè ëóãîâ, ëóãîâûõ ñòåïåé è ïàøåí, íà- Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) õîäÿòñÿ ëèñòâåííè÷íî-áåð¸çîâûå ðîùè. A breeding species. Was numerously re- Ñòåïíûå ó÷àñòêè â Åðàâíèíñêîé ëåñîñòåïè corded. âêðàïëåíû îòäåëüíûìè ïÿòíàìè è ïðèóðî- ÷åíû ê ïîâûøåííûì ýëåìåíòàì ðåëüåôà Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius) («áóãðàì»), ðàñïðîñòðàíåíû ó îç. Èñèíãà, A single bird was observed on the northern Áîëüøîå è Ìàëîå Åðàâíîå, âîçëå ï. Ñî- side of Maloe Eravnoe lake on 16 August. ñíîâîîçåðñê. Çàáîëî÷åííûå è ñóõèå ëóãà ïî áåðåãàì îç¸ð ïðèóðî÷åíû ê íàèáîëåå Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) ïîíèæåííûì è ðàâíèííûì áåðåãàì îç¸ð A common breeding species. 5 and 11 Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 153

Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû ñ ìåñòàìè çàêó- records were made during 6–11 June and ñòàðåííîé çëàêîâî-îñîêîâîé è çëàêîâî- 28 July – 15 August, respectively. ðàçíîòðàâíîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòüþ. Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) Ìåòîäèêà A subadult (2-year-old) Golden Eagle was Ïîëåâûå ðàáîòû ïðîâîäèëèñü ñ 6 ïî 11 recorded in forest steppe to north-east from èþíÿ è ñ 28 èþëÿ ïî 25 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. Maloe Eravnoe lake on 16 August. Îáñëåäîâàíà Åðàâíèíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà ñ îêðåñòíîñòÿìè îç¸ð Èñèíãà, Õîðãà, Ìà- Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) ëàÿ Õîðãà, Ãóíäà, Ýêñåíä, Áîëüøîå è Ìà- Two nests of the same pair were found in ëîå Åðàâíîå, Ñîñíîâîå è äðóãèõ, áîëåå neighborhood of Sosnovo-Ozerskoe lake on ìåëêèõ. Òàêæå îáñëåäîâàíû âîäîðàçäåëü- the larch tops at a height of 5–6 m 400 m íàÿ ÷àñòü õðåáòà Çóñû ìåæäó èñòîêàìè away from each other (Izmailov, 1967). A ð. Ãóíäóé-Õîëîé, Ïðàâûé Ñóðõýáò è Åõý- single Imperial Eagle was recorded to the Ãîðõîí è äîëèíà ð. Çàçà îò îçåðà Òóðõóë south from Sosnovoe lake in neighborhood äî óñòüÿ è ïðèëåãàþùèé ó÷àñòîê äîëèíû of the Sosnovo-Ozerskoe village on 25 ð. Âèòèì. Ïðîéäåíî âñåãî îêîëî 180 êì August, 2008. ïåøèõ êîìïëåêñíûõ ó÷¸òíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ (73 êì â ïåðâóþ ïîëîâèíó ëåòà è 113 – White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) âî âòîðóþ ïîëîâèíó ëåòà); äëèíà àâòîìî- A breeding territory of the White-Tailed áèëüíûõ îáçîðíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëà Eagle was found on 14 August, 1956 on the îêîëî 1030 êì (350 êì â ïåðâóþ ïîëî- edge of larch forest. Two nests were located âèíó ëåòà è 680 – âî âòîðóþ ïîëîâèíó on the lateral brunches of huge larch trees, ëåòà). Ñåòüþ ìàðøðóòîâ áûëè îõâà÷åíû the third one was found on the broken top âñå òèïû ìåñòîîáèòàíèé â ïðåäåëàõ êàæ- of a dry larch tree. A freshly gnawed skele- äîãî èç ÷åòûð¸õ ó÷àñòêîâ (Åðàâíèíñêàÿ ton of a juvenile Eagle was found under one êîòëîâèíà, äîëèíà ð. Çàçà, ãîðíàÿ òàéãà of the nests (Izmailov, 1967). At the same è ó÷àñòîê îòâîäà). Íåêîòîðûå ìàðøðóòû territory we recorded 2 adult birds on the ïðîéäåíû ìíîãîêðàòíî. Íà ïåøèõ ìàðø- southern side of Turkhul lake on 23 August, ðóòàõ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü âñå âèçóàëüíûå and managed to distinguish a White-Tailed âñòðå÷è ïòèö è çâåðåé. Êðîìå òîãî, ðå- Eagle nest on its opposite side using bin- ãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ãîëîñà ïòèö è âñå ñëåäû ocular glass. Another nest was found in a æèçíåäåÿòåëüíîñòè íàçåìíûõ ïîçâîíî÷- birch-larch forest near Malaya Khorga lake íûõ. on an old larch tree at a height of 10 m on Îöåíêà îáèëèÿ ïòèö îñóùåñòâëÿëàñü 7 June. There were two chicks aged at least íà îñíîâå ìåòîäèêè ìàðøðóòíîãî ó÷¸òà 25–30 days and an adult bird in the nest. íà ïîëîñå íåôèêñèðîâàííîé øèðèíû ñ An adult pair was recorded near Isinga lake ïåðåñ÷¸òîì ïî ôîðìóëå, ïðåäëîæåí- on 3 August, a juvenile with two adult birds íîé Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèíûì (1967) è øèðîêî èñ- was observed at the same place on 4 ïîëüçóåìîé â ïðàêòèêå ñèáèðñêèõ îð- August. We suppose that at least 4–5 pairs íèòîëîãîâ: of this rare species are breeding on the sur- veyed territory. N = (40À+10Â+3Ñ+D)/L, Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) ãäå N – ïëîòíîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ, îñîáåé íà 1 Was recorded twice, on 9 May, 1956 êì2, À – ÷èñëî ôàêòè÷åñêè ó÷ò¸ííûõ îñî- on the bank of Bol’shoe Eravnoe lake and áåé â ïîëîñå 25 ì,  – ÷èñëî ôàêòè÷åñêè on 12 September, 1958 on Isinga lake (Iz- ó÷ò¸ííûõ îñîáåé â ïîëîñå 100 ì, Ñ – ÷èñ- mailov, 1967). On 21 August we observed ëî ôàêòè÷åñêè ó÷ò¸ííûõ îñîáåé â ïîëîñå a single Peregrine on the Vitim river 3 km to 300 ì, D – ÷èñëî ôàêòè÷åñêè ó÷ò¸ííûõ the north from the Zaza river mouth. îñîáåé â ïîëîñå 1000 ì, L – îáùàÿ äëèíà ìàðøðóòà â êì. Hobby (Falco subbuteo) A common nesting species (Izmailov, 1967). Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèÿ We made 13 records (18 individuals) during Âñåãî çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé âñòðå÷å- the period from July 28th to August 15th. íî 15 âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö, ñ ó÷¸òîì ëè- òåðàòóðíûõ äàííûõ (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967) ïî Merlin (Falco columbarius) äàííîìó ðåãèîíó ïðèâîäÿòñÿ ñâåäåíèÿ î Was once caught near Isinga lake on Au- 18 âèäàõ. gust 28th, 1959 (Izmailov, 1967). 154 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

Ñêîïà (Pandion haliaetus) Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) Íà Åðàâíèíñêèõ îç¸ðàõ âñòðå÷åíà âñåãî Was recorded only in September 1958 îäèí ðàç, È.Â. Èçìàéëîâûì (1967). near Isinga lake (Izmailov, 1967).

Õîõëàòûé îñîåä (Pernis ptilorhynchus) Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) Îäèíî÷íûå ïòèöû âñòðå÷åíû 10 èþíÿ íà A common breeding species. The den- îïóøêå ñóõîãî çàêóñòàðåííîãî ëèñòâåííè÷- sity in neighborhood of Turkhul lake and íîãî ëåñà (ñòàðûé êàðüåð), âáëèçè òðàññû the Zaza river valley varies from 1.6 to 9.4 îò âàõòîâîãî ïîñ¸ëêà ê áûâøåìó ïîñ. Íà- ind./km2. The total number in the Zaza river çàðîâêà è 11 àâãóñòà â ëèñòâåííè÷íîì ëåñó valley can amount to at least 10 pairs. Dur- ñ åðíèêîì, â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà. ing the period from 28 July to 15 August 42 records were made (61 birds). Single birds ×åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans were permanently preying along the auto lineatus) road between villages Sosnovo-Ozerskoe Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä. Ñòàÿ èç and Ozernyi, on the banks of Khorga (2.2 40 êîðøóíîâ âñòðå÷åíà 7 èþëÿ 1958 ã. ind./km2), Gunda, Isinga, Surkhebt, and Ek- ó îç. Èñèíãà. Ñêîïëåíèå èç íå ìåíåå 30 send lakes. ïòèö îòìå÷åíî 1 èþëÿ 1960 ã. íà îïóøêå ëèñòâåííè÷íîé ðîùè ñåâåðíåå îç. Ìàëîå We should note the high number of cer- Åðàâíîå. Òàêîå æå ñêîïëåíèå âèäåëè tain raptor species, namely, Black-Eared â ñòåïè ó ñ. Ñîñíîâî-Îçåðñêîå 18–19 Kite, Buzzard, Hobby, and Kestrel. The high èþíÿ 1961 ã. (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967).  áàñ- number of such rare species as White-Tailed ñåéíå ð. Çàçà 2 àâãóñòà 2009 ã. ýòîò êîð- Eagle is of particular interest. øóí âñòðå÷åí â äîëèíå ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí, 5 àâ- ãóñòà – 2 ïòèöû è 6 àâãóñòà – 4 ïòèöû. Ãíåçäî ñ ì¸ðòâîé ïòèöåé íàéäåíî 6 àâãóñòà (ïîãèá- ëà 1,5–2 ìåñÿöà íàçàä) ïî äîðîãå îò ð. Çàçà äî áûâøåãî ïîñ. Êîë÷åäàííîãî. Ïî îäíîìó êîðøóíó íàáëþäàëè 9 àâãóñòà íà ð. Çàçà íà Òóðõóëüñêîì áðîäå è â äîëèíå ðåêè, à íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü ÷åòûð¸õ ïòèö – â îêðåñò- íîñòÿõ îç. Òóðõóë. Ïî îäíîé ïòèöå âñòðå÷å- íî 12 àâãóñòà íà ð. Çàçà â óñòüå ð. Àðàíãàòà è â óñòüå ð. Çàçà.  äîëèíå ð. Âèòèì â óñòüå ð. Çàçà 13 àâãóñòà îòìå÷åíî 3 êîðøóíà, à íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü – åù¸ 4 ïòèöû. Òàì æå ïî äâå ïòèöû âèäåëè 21 è 22 àâãóñòà. Ïî îäíîìó êîðøóíó îòìå÷åíî â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà 20 àâãóñòà â óñòüå ð. Øàðà-Ãîðõîí è 22 àâãóñòà â óñòüå ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí. Ïðåä- ïîëîæèòåëüíî, â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà îáèòàåò ×åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans lineatus). íå ìåíåå 7–10 ïàð ýòîãî âèäà. Ïëîòíîñòü Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. íàñåëåíèÿ âî âòîðóþ ïîëîâèíó ëåòà äî- Black-Eared Kite (Milvus migrans lineatus). ñòèãàëà: â ëèñòâåííè÷íûõ êîëêàõ îç. Òóð- Photo by I. Karyakin. õóë – 2,9 îñîáåé/êì2 è â ëèñòâåííè÷íûõ êîëêàõ äîëèíû ð. Çàçà – 0,4 îñîáåé/êì2, ãà – 3,1, íà îç. Ãóíäà – 2,0, íà îç. Èñèí- â ðå÷íûõ óðåìàõ ð. Çàçà – 1,8 îñîáåé/êì2 ãà – 3,7. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â îñíîâíîì è íà ëóãàõ ñ èâíÿêàìè âáëèçè óñòüÿ ð. Çàçà êîðøóíû ïðèäåðæèâàëèñü ïîáåðåæèé – 3,9 îñîáåé/êì2.  Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëî- âîäî¸ìîâ, èìåþòñÿ âñòðå÷è òàêæå è íà âèíå ÷åðíîóõèé êîðøóí – íàèáîëåå îáû÷- îêðàèíàõ íàñåë¸ííûõ ïóíêòîâ. Ïîçäíåå íûé âèä õèùíûõ ïòèö.  ïåðèîä ñ 6 ïî 11 îäèíî÷íûå ïòèöû è ïàðû âñòðå÷åíû: 15 èþíÿ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû 17 âñòðå÷ è ñ 28 àâãóñòà – 3 êîðøóíà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. èþëÿ ïî 15 àâãóñòà – 34 âñòðå÷è êîðøó- Ìîæàéñê, 16 àâãóñòà – íà îç. Ýêñåíä, íà íîâ. Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü âñòðå÷ ïðèóðî÷åíà ê ð. Ãóíäóé-Õîëîé, íà îç. Ãóíäà, â îêðåñòíî- ëåñîëóãîâîé çîíå Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû ñòÿõ ïîñ. Òóëäóí è íà îç. Ìàëîå Åðàâíîå (47 âñòðå÷), çíà÷èòåëüíî ðåæå êîðøóíîâ ó óñòüÿ ð. Òóëäóí, 17 àâãóñòà – â äîëèíå âèäåëè â ëèñòâåííè÷íîé òàéãå (4 âñòðå÷è). ð. Õîëîé, íà ð. Áóðåõòà, íà ð. Äûìøèêòà è Ïëîòíîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ âî âòîðóþ ïîëîâèíó íà îç. Èñèíãà, 20 àâãóñòà – íà ð. Ñóáà è íà ëåòà äîñòèãàëà (â îñîáÿõ/êì2): íà îç. Õîð- ð. Øàðà-Ãîðõîí, 24 àâãóñòà – íà ð. Ëåâûé Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 155

Ñóðõýáò è íà ð. Õîëîé è 25 àâãóñòà – íà ïðîòîêå èç îç. Õîðãà â îç. Èñèíãà, à ñàìåö ìàðøðóòå îò ïîñ. Îç¸ðíûé ê ïîñ. Ñîñíî- çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí 4 àâãóñòà íà ñûðîì ëóãó âîîçåðñê ó ïîâîðîòà íà ïîñ. Òóëäóí è íà íà áåðåãó ð. Óëçûòý; 17 àâãóñòà ñàìêà – íà îç. Ñîñíîâîå. ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íîì áåðåãó îç. Èñèíãà è ñà- ìåö íà îç. Õîðãà â óñòüå ð. Óëçûòý. Ñàìêà Ïîëåâîé ëóíü (Circus cyaneus) çàïàäíîãî áîëîòíîãî ëóíÿ âñòðå÷åíà 16 Îáû÷íûé, âîçìîæíî ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ, âèä: 9 àâãóñòà íà áåðåãó îç. Ìàëîå Åðàâíîå. ìàÿ 1956 ã. íà îç. Ñîñíîâîå âñòðå÷åíî 2 ïàðû ïîëåâûõ ëóíåé, ëåòîì è îñåíüþ 1958 ã. íà Òåòåðåâÿòíèê (Accipiter gentilis) Åðàâíå, â ñâÿçè ñ ìàññîâûì ðàçìíîæåíèåì Æèëîå ãíåçäî òåòåðåâÿòíèêà íàéäåíî â ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, îòìå÷åíà âûñîêàÿ ëèñòâåííè÷íîì ëåñó ñåâåðíåå îç. Èñèíãà ÷èñëåííîñòü ïîëåâûõ ëóíåé, â ñåíòÿáðå 6 èþíÿ 1960 ã. Îíî íàõîäèëîñü íà ïîëóñó- âîçëå îç. Èñèíãà åæåäíåâíî íàáëþäàëè õîé ëèñòâåííèöå ìåæäó ñòâîëîì è áîêîâû- 2–4 ïòèöû, íà áåðåãó îç. Èñèíãà â òå÷åíèå ìè âåòêàìè íà âûñîòå 5–6 ì è ñîäåðæàëî íåäåëè íàéäåíî 3 ëóíÿ, óáèòûõ è áðîøåí- êëàäêó èç òð¸õ ÿèö. Îäíî ÿéöî ðàçáèëè – â íûõ îõîòíèêàìè (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967).  äîëè- í¸ì îáíàðóæåí âïîëíå ñôîðìèðîâàâøèé- íå ð. Çàçà 8 èþíÿ 2009 ã. ñàìåö âñòðå÷åí ñÿ ïòåíåö, à 21 èþíÿ â ãíåçäå íàõîäèëîñü 2 â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí; 6 àâãóñòà äâîèõ ïóõîâè÷êà (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967). Îäèíî÷íûå ñàìöîâ âèäåëè â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà è îäíîãî ïòèöû âñòðå÷åíû 2 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. â ñëàáî – ïî äîðîãå îò ð. Çàçà íà ïîñ. Êîë÷åäàí- çàáîëî÷åííîì ëèñòâåííè÷íîì ëåñó ñ åðíè- íûé. Ñàìöà íàáëþäàëè 8 àâãóñòà â åðíèêå êàìè, â âåðõíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí è â äîëèíå ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí; 10 àâãóñòà åù¸ 11 àâãóñòà äâàæäû – â ëèñòâåííè÷íûõ êîë- äâóõ ñàìöîâ âñòðåòèëè íà ð. Çàçà è ñàìêó êàõ äîëèíû ð. Çàçà. Ñòàðîå ãíåçäî òåòåðå- – â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ îç. Òóðõóë. Íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü 2 ñàìêè îòìå÷åíû â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà, 22 àâãóñòà ê ñåâåðó îò ìåòåîñòàíöèè «Óñòü- Çàçà» â äîëèíå ð. Âèòèì âñòðå÷åíà ñàìêà.  Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå â ïåðèîä ñ 6 ïî 11 èþíÿ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû 8 âñòðå÷ è ñ 28 èþëÿ ïî 15 àâãóñòà – 21 âñòðå÷à ëóíåé (8 ñàìöîâ, 12 ñàìîê, 8 – ïîë íå îïðåäåë¸í), 27 âñòðå÷ îòìå÷åíî â ëåñî-ëóãîâîé çîíå Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëîâèíû è 2 âñòðå÷è – â ëè- ñòâåííè÷íûõ ëåñàõ ñ åðíèêàìè íà õð. Çóñû. Ïëîòíîñòü íàñåëåíèÿ âî âòîðóþ ïîëîâèíó ëåòà äîñòèãàëà: íà îç. Õîðãà – 3,9 îñîáåé/êì2, îç. Èñèíãà – 3,7 îñîáåé/êì2. Âî âòîðîé ïî- ëîâèíå àâãóñòà îäèíî÷íûå ïòèöû âñòðå÷åíû: 16 àâãóñòà – ó îç. Ñóðõýáò, ó îç. Ýêñåíä è ó îç. Õîëèíêà, 17 àâãóñòà – ìåæäó îç. Èñèíãà è îç. Õîðãà, 24 àâãóñòà – â äîëèíå ð. Õîëîé è 25 Òåòåðåâÿòíèê (Accipiter gentilis). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. àâãóñòà – ó ìîñòà ÷åðåç ð. Õîëîé. Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). Photo by I. Karyakin. Çàïàäíûé è âîñòî÷íûé áîëîòíûå ëóíè (Circus aeruginosus, C. spilonotus) âÿòíèêà, íå çàíÿòîå â ýòîì ãîäó, íàéäåíî  íà÷àëå èþëÿ 1960 ã. áîëîòíîãî ëóíÿ íà- 8 èþíÿ â ëèñòâåííè÷íîì ëåñó â ñðåäíåì áëþäàëè â Åðàâíå íàä íåáîëüøèì ëóãîâûì òå÷åíèè ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí. Îäèíî÷íàÿ îñîáü îçåðêîì, ãäå îí íàïàäàë íà âûâîäîê êðÿêâ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà 22 àâãóñòà â äîëèíå (Anas platyrhynchos) (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967). ð. Çàçà âáëèçè óñòüÿ ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âîñòî÷íûé áîëîòíûé ëóíü – ðåäêèé, âîçìîæíî ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ, Ïåðåïåëÿòíèê (Accipiter nisus) âèä. Ãíåçäîâàíèå çàïàäíîãî áîëîòíîãî Ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä: 6 àâãóñòà 1956 ã. â ëè- ëóíÿ òàêæå âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî â ñìåøàííûõ ñòâåííè÷íîì ëåñó ó ïîñ. Óñòü-Çàçà íàéäåíî ïàðàõ ñ âîñòî÷íûì. Ïàðà âåðîÿòíî ãíåç- ãíåçäî ïåðåïåëÿòíèêà ñ îäíèì ïòåíöîì- äÿùèõñÿ âîñòî÷íûõ áîëîòíûõ ëóíåé âñòðå- ïîäëåòêîì, à 22 àâãóñòà âñòðå÷åíà ñåìüÿ ÷åíà 31 èþëÿ íà çàáîëî÷åííîì ëóãîâîì èç äâóõ âçðîñëûõ è äâóõ ìîëîäûõ, ïëîõî ó÷àñòêå íà áåðåãó îç. Õîðãà âáëèçè óñòüÿ ëåòàþùèõ, ïòèö (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967).  äîëè- ð. Ëåâûé Ñóðõýáò, 3 àâãóñòà ñàìåö äâàæ- íå ð. Çàçà ïåðåïåëÿòíèê âñòðå÷åí 14 àâ- äû îòìå÷åí â ýòîì æå ìåñòå è ñàìêà – íà ãóñòà 2008 ã. â çàáîëî÷åííîì ëèñòâåííè÷- 156 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ

íîì ëåñó ñ åðíèêîì íà ìàðøðóòå îò óñòüÿ îðëîâ, à 15 ìàÿ çàñòàëè íàñèæèâàþùóþ ð. Çàçà ê Òàëèíñêîìó óãîëüíîìó êàðüåðó. ïòèöó (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967). Îäèíî÷íûé ìî- Ïî îäíîé ïòèöå îòìå÷åíî 18 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. ãèëüíèê âñòðå÷åí 25 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. ê â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Ëåâûé Ñóðõýáò è ð. Øàðà- þãó îò îç. Ñîñíîâîå â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Ãîðõîí, 21 àâãóñòà – 1 ÿñòðåá â äîëè- Ñîñíîâî-Îçåðñêîå. íå ð. Çàçà ó óñòüÿ ð. Àðàíãàòà, 24 àâãóñòà – îäèíî÷íàÿ îñîáü â ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla) ð. Ëåâûé Ñóðõýáò.  Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëî- Ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà âèíå ïåðåïåëÿòíèêà âèäåëè 9 èþíÿ â ïîñ. âûÿâëåí 14 àâãóñòà 1956 ã. íà îïóøêå Îç¸ðíûé, 17 àâãóñòà – îäíîãî ó ñëèÿíèÿ ëèñòâåííè÷íîãî ëåñà. Äâà ãíåçäà ðàñ- ðåê Äûìøèêòà è Õîëîé è äâå îñîáè ìåæäó ïîëàãàëèñü íà âåòâÿõ îãðîìíûõ ëèñòâåí- ð. Õîëîé è 25-ûì êèëîìåòðîì àâòîäîðîãè. íèö, à òðåòüå – íà ñëîìàííîé âåðøèíå Îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà âñòðå÷åíà 24 àâãóñòà â ñóõîé ëèñòâåííèöû. Ïîä îäíèì èç ãí¸çä ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Ëåâûé Ñóðõýáò. îáíàðóæåí ñâåæåîáãëîäàííûé ñêåëåò ìîëîäîãî îðëàíà, ïîä ãí¸çäàìè ñîáðàíû Ìîõíîíîãèé êóðãàííèê (Buteo hemi- îñòàòêè óòêè, ãîãîëÿ, êðàñíîçîáîé ãàãàðû lasius) è êóëè÷êà (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967). Òàì æå 23 Îäíà ïòèöà âñòðå÷åíà íà ñåâåðíîì áåðå- àâãóñòà 2008 ã. âñòðå÷åíû äâå âçðîñëûå ãó îç. Ìàëîå Åðàâíîå 16 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. ïòèöû íà þæíîì áåðåãó îç. Òóðõóë, à íà åãî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîì áåðåãó â áèíîêëü Êàíþê (Buteo buteo) óäàëîñü ðàññìîòðåòü ãíåçäî îðëàíîâ. Åù¸ Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä.  Åðàâíå â îäíî ãíåçäî íàéäåíî 7 èþíÿ â áåð¸çîâî- 1956 ã. ïåðâàÿ âñòðå÷à äàòèðîâàíà 6 ìàÿ. ëèñòâåííè÷íîì êîëêå ó îç. Ìàëàÿ Õîðãà Îñåíüþ ó îç. Èñèíãà âñòðå÷åí 13 ñåíòÿ- íà ñòàðîé ëèñòâåííèöå íà âûñîòå 10 ì.  áðÿ 1958 ã. (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967), à â ïåðèîä ãíåçäå íàõîäèëèñü äâà ïòåíöà â âîçðàñòå ñ 6 ïî 11 èþíÿ 2008 ã. – 5 âñòðå÷ è ñ 28 íå ìåíåå 25–30 äíåé è âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà, 17 èþëÿ ïî 15 àâãóñòà – 11 âñòðå÷ êàíþêîâ. àâãóñòà çäåñü, ó ãíåçäà, çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû Ïàðà ïòèö çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà â ëèñòâåí- 2 ïòèöû (ìîëîäàÿ è âçðîñëàÿ). Îäèíî÷íàÿ íè÷íîì êîëêå, íà ó÷àñòêå ìåæäó îç. Òàëà íåïîëîâîçðåëàÿ ëåòÿùàÿ ïòèöà îòìå÷åíà è Òàëèíñêèì óãîëüíûì êàðüåðîì, 9 èþíÿ è 9 èþíÿ ìåæäó îç. Èñèíãà è îç. Òàëà, 3 àâ- äâóõ ïòèö âèäåëè ó ñëèÿíèÿ ðåê Äûìøèêòà ãóñòà ïàðà âçðîñëûõ ïòèö âñòðå÷åíà âáëè- è Õîëîé 17 àâãóñòà. Âñå îñòàëüíûå âñòðå- çè îç. Èñèíãà, à 4 àâãóñòà òàì æå, âìåñòå ÷è îòìå÷åíû â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà è å¸ ïðè- ñ äâóìÿ âçðîñëûìè, äåðæàëàñü 1 ìîëîäàÿ òîêîâ. Êàíþêè îòìå÷åíû â çàáîëî÷åííîì ïòèöà.  ýòîò æå äåíü åù¸ îäèí âçðîñëûé ëèñòâåííè÷íîì ëåñó ñ åðíèêàìè â âåðõî- îðëàí îòìå÷åí íà ð. Óëçûòý. Îäèíî÷íûå âüÿõ ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí (8 èþíÿ – 3 âñòðå÷è, â ïòèöû çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû 28 èþëÿ, 7 è òîì ÷èñëå 1 ãíåçäî ñ íàñèæèâàþùåé ïòè- 15 àâãóñòà âäîëü àâòîìîáèëüíîé äîðî- öåé), â ñìåøàííîì ëåñó ñåâåðî-çàïàäíåå ãè ïîñ. Ñîñíîâî-Îçåðñêîå – ïîñ. Îçåð- ïîñ. Îç¸ðíûé (6 âñòðå÷ – 10 èþíÿ, 29–30 íûé (âñåãî 5 âñòðå÷). Îäèíî÷íóþ âçðîñ- èþëÿ è 8 àâãóñòà), â çàáîëî÷åííûõ ëèñòâåí- ëóþ ïòèöó âèäåëè 16 àâãóñòà ó îç. Ìàëîå íè÷íûõ ëåñàõ ñ åðíèêàìè íà ó÷àñòêå îò Åðàâíîå, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Òóëäóí è íà áûâøåãî ïîñ. Êîë÷åäàííûé äî ð. Çàçà (4 îç. Ìàëàÿ Õîðãà îòìå÷åíà îäíà ìîëîäàÿ âñòðå÷è – 5 è 9 àâãóñòà) è íà ó÷àñòêå îò ïòèöà 24 àâãóñòà. Ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî íà óñòüÿ ð. Çàçà äî Òàëèíñêîãî óãîëüíîãî êà- îáñëåäîâàííîé òåððèòîðèè ãíåçäèòñÿ íå ðüåðà (14 àâãóñòà – 2 âñòðå÷è). Îäèíî÷íàÿ ìåíåå 4–5 ïàð ýòîãî ðåäêîãî âèäà. îñîáü 22 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. îòìå÷åíà â äîëè- íå ð. Çàçà âáëèçè óñòüÿ ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) Âñòðå÷åí äâàæäû – 9 ìàÿ 1956 ã. íà áå- Áåðêóò (Aquila chrisaetos) ðåãó îç. Áîëüøîå Åðàâíîå è 12 ñåíòÿáðÿ Ìîëîäîé (äâóõëåòíèé) áåðêóò âñòðå÷åí 1958 ã. íà îç. Èñèíãà (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967). â ëåñîñòåïè ñåâåðî-âîñòî÷íåå îç. Ìàëîå Îäèíî÷íîãî ñàïñàíà âèäåëè 21 àâãóñòà Åðàâíîå 16 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. 2008 ã. íà ð. Âèòèì, â 3 êì ê ñåâåðó îò óñòüÿ ð. Çàçà. Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca)  íà÷àëå ìàÿ 1956 ã. äâà ãíåçäà îáíàðó- ×åãëîê (Falco subbuteo) æåíû â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Ñîñíîâî-Îçåðñêîå. Îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä: 22 àâãó- Ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà âåðøèíàõ ëèñòâåí- ñòà 1956 ã. â ðàéîíå îç. Ìàëîå Åðàâíîå íèö, íà âûñîòå 5–6 ì â 400 ì äðóã îò äðóãà. âñòðå÷åí âûâîäîê èç ðîäèòåëåé è äâóõ Ó îäíîãî èç ãí¸çä 9–10 ìàÿ âèäåëè ïàðó ìîëîäûõ ïòèö, 16 èþíÿ 1960 ã. â îêðåñò- Raptor Research Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 157

íîñòÿõ îç. Òóðõåë â ëèñòâå- Íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü ïóñòåëüãó íàáëþäàëè íè÷íîì ëåñó íàéäåíî ãíåçäî â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà â óñòüå ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí, à ÷åãëîêà – îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü 12 àâãóñòà – â óñòüå ð. Àðàíãàòà. Íà ð. Âè- íà ëèñòâåííèöå íà âûñîòå òèì â óñòüå ð. Çàçà 13 àâãóñòà íàáëþäàëè 15–16 ì.  êëàäêå áûëî 3 íà- äâå ïóñòåëüãè, à íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü – òðè. ñèæåííûõ ÿéöà (Èçìàéëîâ, Òàì æå 21 àâãóñòà âñòðåòèëè îäèíî÷íóþ 1967).  äîëèíå ð. Âèòèì 9 ïòèöó, à íà ïîëÿíå â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ìåòåî- àâãóñòà 2008 ã. îäèíî÷íûé ñòàíöèè «Óñòü-Çàçà» çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí âû- ñîêîë çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí â ëè- âîäîê èç ÷åòûð¸õ ïòèö. Îíè îõîòèëèñü íà ñòâåííè÷íîì êîëêå ìåæäó óçêî÷åðåïíûõ ïîë¸âîê (Microtus gregalis) áûâøèì ïîñ. Êîë÷åäàííûé è íà êîëîíèè. Ïóñòåëüãó âèäåëè 20 àâãóñòà ð. Çàçà è ïàðà ïòèö – â äîëèíå â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà ó óñòüÿ ð. Àðàíãàòà, à 23 ð. Çàçà ó Òóðõóëüñêîãî áðîäà. àâãóñòà – ó îç. Òóðõóë. Ïëîòíîñòü íàñåëå- Âûâîäîê ÷åãëîêîâ íàáëþäàëè íèÿ ñîñòàâèëà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ îç. Òóðõóë 13 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. âáëèçè óñòüÿ 9,4 îñîáåé/êì2, â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà – 1,6 îñî- ð. Çàçà, à 14 àâãóñòà – äâå îäè- áåé/êì2 è â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ óñòüÿ ð. Çàçà – íî÷íûå ïòèöû è ïàðà ñîêîëîâ 4,4 îñîáåé/êì2. Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü â äî- ×åãëîê (Falco âñòðå÷åíû íà ìàðøðóòå îò óñòüÿ ð. Çàçà äî ëèíå ð. Çàçà ìîæåò ñîñòàâèòü íå ìåíåå 10 subbuteo). Òàëèíñêîãî óãîëüíîãî êàðüåðà. Îäèí ÷åãëîê ïàð.  Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå 6 è 7 èþíÿ Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. âñòðå÷åí 21 àâãóñòà 2008 ã. ó óñòüÿ ð. Çàçà, îäèíî÷íûå ïòèöû òðèæäû îòìå÷åíû âäîëü Hobby (Falco subbuteo). íà ñëåäóþùèé äåíü – îäèí íà ð. Âèòèì ê ñå- àâòîäîðîãè ïîñ. Ñîñíîâî-Îçåðñêîå – ïîñ. Photo by I. Karyakin. âåðó îò ìåòåîñòàíöèè «Óñòü-Çàçà» è ïàðà – Îç¸ðíûé è íà áåðåãó îç. Õîðãà.  ïåðèîä íàä ìåòåîñòàíöèåé.  Åðàâíèíñêîé êîòëî- ñ 28 èþëÿ ïî 15 àâãóñòà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû âèíå 7 èþíÿ ýòè îäèíî÷íûå ñîêîëû äâàæäû 42 âñòðå÷è (61 îñîáü). Îäèíî÷íûå ïòèöû âñòðå÷åíû ó îç. Õîðãà è îç. Ãóíäà.  ïåðèîä òàêæå ïîñòîÿííî îõîòèëèñü âäîëü àâòîìî- ñ 28 èþëÿ ïî 15 àâãóñòà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî áèëüíîé äîðîãè ïîñ. Ñîñíîâî-Îçåðñêîå – 13 âñòðå÷ (18 îñîáåé), 31 èþëÿ è 3 àâãóñòà ïîñ. Îç¸ðíûé, íà áåðåãàõ îç¸ð Õîðãà (2,2 ïî 2 âñòðå÷è îäèíî÷íûõ ïòèö – íà îç. Õîðãà îñîáåé/êì2), Ãóíäà, Èñèíãà, Ñóðõýáò è Ýêñ- è â íèçîâüÿõ ð. Ëåâûé Ñóðõýáò. Îäèíî÷íûé åíä. Ïóñòåëüãà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà 16 àâãó- ÷åãëîê âñòðå÷åí 4 àâãóñòà íà îç. Èñèíãà, à ñòà íà ð. Ãóíäóé-Õîëîé, åù¸ îäíà – ìåæäó 7 àâãóñòà – ó àâòîìîáèëüíîé äîðîãè ïîñ. ð. Ñóáà è ð. Õîëîé è ïàðà – íà ñåâåðî- Ñîñíîâî-Îçåðñêîå – ïîñ. Îç¸ðíûé. ×å- âîñòî÷íîì áåðåãó îç. Ìàëîå Åðàâíîå. ãëîêà íàáëþäàëè 17 àâãóñòà îêîëî ôåðìû ê Äâå îñîáè îòìå÷åíû 17 àâãóñòà â äîëèíå þãî-âîñòîêó îò ïîñ. Îç¸ðíûé. ð. Óëçûòý, ïî îäíîé ïòèöå – ó îç. Àìáàð- Íóð è íà ð. Áóðåõòà è ïàðà – â ñðåäíåì Äåðáíèê (Falco columbarius) òå÷åíèè ð. Óëçûòý. Ïóñòåëüãó âñòðåòèëè 24 Äîáûò òîëüêî 28 àâãóñòà 1959 ã. ó îç. Èñèí- àâãóñòà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Îç¸ðíûé. Íà ãà (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967). ñëåäóþùèé äåíü äâå ïòèöû çàðåãèñòðèðî- âàíû â äîëèíå ð. Ëåâûé Ñóðõýáò, îäíà – Àìóðñêèé êîá÷èê (Falco amurensis) îêîëî ìîñòà ÷åðåç ð. Õîëîé, äâå – îêîëî  ñåíòÿáðå 1958 ã. âñòðå÷åí È.Â. Èçìàé- îç. Ãîëóáîå è 1 ïòèöà íà ìàðøðóòå îò ïîñ. ëîâûì (1967) áëèç îç. Èñèíãà. Îç¸ðíûé ê ïîñ. Ñîñíîâî-Îçåðñêîå, ó ïî- âîðîòà íà ïîñ. Òóëäóí. Ïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus) Äâå ïóñòåëüãè äîáûòû 2 è 9 àâãóñòà 1956 ã. Âûâîäû â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñ. Óñòü-Çàçà è îäíà ïòèöà  ðåçóëüòàòå èññëåäîâàíèé â Åðàâíèí- äîáûòà 24 èþëÿ 1956 ã. ó îç. Èñèíãà. Ïðè- ñêîì ðàéîíå îòìå÷åíà âûñîêàÿ ÷èñëåí- ë¸ò â ðàéîíå Åðàâíèíñêèõ îç¸ð íàáëþäàë- íîñòü íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ õèùíûõ ïòèö – ñÿ 7 ìàÿ 1956 ã. (Èçìàéëîâ, 1967).  äîëè- ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà, êàíþêà, ÷åãëîêà, íå ð. Çàçà îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä. Äâå îáûêíîâåííîé ïóñòåëüãè. Îñîáûé èíòåðåñ ïòèöû âñòðå÷åíû â äîëèíå ð. Çàçà âáëèçè ïðåäñòàâëÿåò âûñîêàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü òàêîãî óñòüÿ ð. Åõý-Ãîðõîí 6 àâãóñòà 2008 ã., 9 àâ- ðåäêîãî âèäà, êàê îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò. ãóñòà ïàðó íàáëþäàëè íà ð. Çàçà â ðàéîíå Òóðõóëüñêîãî áðîäà. Âáëèçè îç. Òóðõóë 10 Ëèòåðàòóðà àâãóñòà îòìå÷åí âûâîäîê – òóò íàáëþäàëè Èçìàéëîâ È.Â. Ïòèöû Âèòèìñêîãî ïëîñêîãî- ðüÿ. Óëàí-Óäý, 1967. 305 ñ. ïàðó âçðîñëûõ ñîêîëîâ è òð¸õ ìîëîäûõ Ðàâêèí Þ.Ñ. Ê ìåòîäèêå ó÷¸òà ïòèö ëåñíûõ ïòèö. Òàêîé æå âûâîäîê è îäèíî÷íàÿ ïòèöà ëàíäøàôòîâ. – Ïðèðîäà î÷àãîâ êëåùåâîãî âñòðå÷åíû â ýòîò æå äåíü íà îñòåïí¸ííîì ýíöåôàëèòà íà Àëòàå. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1967. ó÷àñòêå ìàðøðóòà îò îç. Òóðõóë ê ð. Çàçà. Ñ. 66–75. 158 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

ShortReports КРАТКИЕСООБЩЕНИЯ TheSecondRegistrationofthePallidHarrierNestinginthe N.NovgorodDistrict,Russia ВТОРАЯ НАХОДКА ГНЕЗДА СТЕПНОГО ЛУНЯ В НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ LevashkinA.P.(StatePedagogicalUniversity,RussianBirdConservationUnion, N.NovgorodBranch,Russia) Левашкин А.П. (Нижегородский педагогический университет, Нижегородское отделение Союза охраны птиц России, Нижний Новгород, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Ñòåïíîé ëóíü (Circus macrourus) – ãëîáàëü- At the beginning of XX century the Pal- Àëåêñåé Ëåâàøêèí íî ðåäêèé âèä, çàíåñ¸ííûé â Êðàñíûå êíè- lid Harrier (Circus macrourus) was a com- Íèæåãîðîäñêîå îòäåëåíèå Ñîþçà ãè ÌÑÎÏ (êàòåãîðèÿ LR, ïîäêàòåãîðèÿ nt), mon species in the south of the Nizhniy îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè Ðîññèè (êàòåãîðèÿ 2) è ðÿäà ðåãèîíîâ, Novgorod district, but in 1980th it was no 603009 Ðîññèÿ âêëþ÷àÿ Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íèæåãîðîäñêîé registrations of the species. In 1999–2006 Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä îáëàñòè (êàòåãîðèÿ À). during the breeding season the Pallid Harri- óë. Áîí÷-Áðóåâè÷à, 1–56 òåë.: +7 831 464 30 96  íà÷àëå XX âåêà áûë îáû÷åí íà er was noted in several regions of the Nizh- ìîá.: +7 952 781 71 98 þãå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, íî óæå â niy Novgorod district, a nest was found in [email protected] 1950-õ ãã. ñòàë ðåäêèì.  1960–70-õ ãã. the Krasnooktjabrskiy region which was the ÷èñëåííîñòü, ïî-âèäèìîìó, ðåçêî ñî- first documentary confirmed registration Contact: êðàòèëàñü, â 1980-õ ãã. âñòðå÷è ñòåïíî- of the Pallid Harrier nesting in the Nizhniy Alexey Levashkin ãî ëóíÿ íå ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü (Êðàñíàÿ Novgorod district. Obviously territorial pair Russian Bird êíèãà…, 2003).  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ÷èñ- with breeding behavior was been surveyed Conservation Union ëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ íà ãíåçäîâàíèè near the Simbuchovo village of the Pochink- N.Novgorod Branch Bonch-Bruevich str., â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè êîëåáëåòñÿ îò ovsky region in July, 2006. 1–56 åäèíèö äî ñîòíè ïàð â ðàçíûå ãîäû.  The Pallid Harrier has not recorded in the Nizhniy Novgorod 1999–2006 ãã. â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä ñòåï- Bogorodsky region until recent time. On 30 603009 Russia íîé ëóíü áûë îòìå÷åí â ðÿäå ðàéîíîâ May, 2009 we found a living nest of the Pal- tel.: +7 831 464 30 96 mob.: +7 952 781 71 98 îáëàñòè, â òîì ÷èñëå íàéäåíî ãíåçäî lid Harrier on a meadow between Gari and [email protected] â Êðàñíîîêòÿáðüñêîì ðàéîíå (Áàêêà, Chapurda villages. The nest was located in Êèñåë¸âà, 2007). Ýòî ãíåçäî îêàçàëîñü the Unkor river flood lands in 133 m from ïåðâûì äîêóìåíòàëüíî ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûì a riverbed; in a wet site covered by great ãíåçäîì ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé reed mace (Typha latifolia) on dry broken îáëàñòè. Îíî áûëî îáíàðóæåíî â èþíå stems above water. The nest sizes: diam- 2002 ã. è ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â öåíòðå íå- eter 50õ60 cm, height – 14 cm; the cup sizes: diameter – 25 cm, depth – 6.5 cm. The clutch consisted of 4 incubated eggs. A pair of harriers with alarm calls flied beside. The nest was located in 90 m from a nest of the Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus), in 360 m from the nearest house of the Gari village. At the repeated survey of the Pallid Harrier’s nest on 25 June, 2009 there were 3 nestlings. At the next visit on 5 July, the nest was empty.

Ñàìåö ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ (Circus macrourus). Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Male of the Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus). Photo by A. Levashkin. Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 159

âûñëåæèâàíèÿ ïòèöû áûëî ïðåäïîëîæåíî âåðîÿòíîå ìåñòî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ.  õîäå íà- áëþäåíèÿ ñ âîçâûøåííîé òî÷êè (ðàçâàëèíû ôåðìû), ñ êîòîðîé ïðîñìàòðèâàåòñÿ âû- áðàííûé ó÷àñòîê, ïî òðåâîæíîìó ïîâåäå- íèþ ñàìöà óäàëîñü îïðåäåëèòü òî÷íîå ìå- ñòîïîëîæåíèå ãíåçäà. Ïðè ïðèáëèæåíèè íàáëþäàòåëÿ íà íåñêîëüêî ìåòðîâ ê ãíåçäó ñàìêà ïîêèíóëà åãî. Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â ïîéìå ð. Óíêîð, â 133 ì îò ðóñëà, ñðåäè çàáîëî÷åííîãî ó÷àñòêà, â çàðîñëÿõ ðîãî- çà øèðîêîëèñòíîãî (Typha latifolia) è áûëî óñòðîåíî íà çàëîìàõ íàä âîäîé. Øèðèíà ãíåçäà 50õ60 ñì, âûñîòà 14 ñì, äèàìåòð ëîòêà 25 ñì, ãëóáèíà 6,5 ñì. Ëîòîê âûñòëàí ñóõîé ïðîøëîãîäíåé òðàâîé.  êëàäêå íà- õîäèëîñü 4 íàñèæåííûõ ÿéöà. Áåñïîêîÿ- ùàÿñÿ ïàðà ëóíåé ñ êðèêàìè ëåòàëà ðÿäîì, Âñòðå÷è ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ áîëüøîãî (ïëîùàäüþ 0,1 ãà) îñîêîâîãî ñàìåö ïðèñàæèâàëñÿ íà îäíó èç îëüõ, ðà- (Circus macrourus) â áîëîòà â ïðèòåððàñíîé ïîéìå ð. Ïüÿíû, ñòóùèõ ïî áåðåãó ðåêè. Ãíåçäî íàõîäè- Áîãîðîäñêîì ðàéîíå íà îñîêîâîé êî÷êå. Êëàäêà ñîñòîÿëà èç ëîñü â 90 ì îò ãíåçäà ëóãîâîãî ëóíÿ (Circus Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. 6 ÿèö (Êèñåë¸âà è äð., 2002). ßâíî òåð- ðèòîðèàëüíàÿ ïàðà ñ ãíåçäîâûì ïîâåäå- Records of the Pallid Harrier (Circus íèåì áûëà îáíàðóæåíà ó ñ. Ñèìáóõîâî macrourus) in the Ïî÷èíêîâñêîãî ðàéîíà â èþëå 2006 ã. Bogorodsk region Íàáëþäàëàñü ìíîãîêðàòíàÿ ïåðåäà÷à (N. Novgorod district). êîðìà â âîçäóõå îò ñàìöà ñàìêå, õàðàê- òåðíàÿ äëÿ ëóíåé. Îäíàêî ïðîñëåäèòü ïóòü ñàìêè ñ äîáû÷åé ê ãíåçäó íå óäà- ëîñü (Ëåâàøêèí, 2008).  Áîãîðîäñêîì ðàéîíå äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè äàííûõ î âñòðå÷àõ ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ íå áûëî. Âïåðâûå ñòåïíîé ëóíü (ãîäîâàëûé ñàìåö) çàðåãèñòðèðîâàí íà òåððèòîðèè Ñàìêà è ïòåíöû ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ â ãíåçäå. ðàéîíà 20 àâãóñòà 2005 ã., â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. äåð. Êèëåëåé. Íåïîäàëåêó îò ýòîãî ìåñòà Female and chicks of the Pallid Harrier in the nest. 26 àïðåëÿ 2008 ã. íàáëþäàëñÿ âçðîñëûé Photo by A. Levashkin. ñàìåö (Ëåâàøêèí, 2008). Ïðîëåòàþùàÿ ïàðà ïòèö âñòðå÷åíà ðîâíî ãîä ñïóñòÿ, 26 pygargus), êîòîðîå ðàñïîëàãàëîñü ñðåäè àïðåëÿ 2009 ã., íåäàëåêî îò äåð. ×àïóðäà. çàðîñëåé êðàïèâû è ñîäåðæàëî êëàäêó Íà ëóãó ìåæäó äåð. Ãàðè è äåð. ×àïóðäà èç 5 ÿèö, â 360 ì îò áëèæàéøåãî äîìà â 30 ìàÿ 2009 ã. íàáëþäàëñÿ îõîòÿùèéñÿ ñà- äåð. Ãàðè. Ïðè ïîâòîðíîì îñìîòðå ãíåçäà ìåö ëóíÿ, êîòîðûé â ñòðåìèòåëüíîì ïîë¸- ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ 25 èþíÿ 2009 ã. â í¸ì íà- òå îáëåòàë äàííóþ òåððèòîðèþ. Âî âðåìÿ õîäèëîñü 3 ïòåíöà. Ïðè ïîñåùåíèè 5 èþëÿ Ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ ñ ãíåçäîâàÿ ïîñòðîéêà áûëà ïóñòà. êëàäêîé. Ôîòî À. Ëåâàøêèíà. Ëèòåðàòóðà Nest of the Pallid Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. Ò. 1. Harrier with clutch. Æèâîòíûå. Í. Íîâãîðîä, 2003. 380 ñ. Photo by A. Levashkin. Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Êèñåë¸âà Í. Þ. Îðíèòîôàóíà Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè: äèíàìèêà, àíòðîïî- ãåííàÿ òðàíñôîðìàöèÿ, ïóòè ñîõðàíåíèÿ: Ìî- íîãðàôèÿ. – Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä, 2007. 124 ñ. Êèñåë¸âà Í.Þ., Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì. Ëþäè è ïòèöû. 2002. ¹3 (10). 16 ñ. Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï. Íîâûå äàííûå î íåêîòîðûõ ïòèöàõ Êðàñíîé êíèãè Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ðåäêèå âèäû æèâûõ îðãàíèçìîâ Íèæåãîðîä- ñêîé îáëàñòè: Ñáîðíèê ðàáî÷èõ ìàòåðèàëîâ Êîìèññèè ïî Êðàñíîé êíèãå Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè. Âûï. 1. Í. Íîâãîðîä, 2008. Ñ. 83–87. 160 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

StatusoftheLittleOwlintheRepublicofChuvashiya,Russia О СТАТУСЕ ДОМОВОГО СЫЧА В ЧУВАШСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ, РОССИЯ LastukhinA.A.(EcologicalandBiologicalCenter"Karash",Cheboksary,Russia) Ластухин А.А. (Эколого-биологический центр «Караш», Чебоксары, Россия)

Êîíòàêò:  ×óâàøñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêå äîìîâûé ñû÷ In the Republic of Chuvashiya the Little Owl Àëüáåðò Ëàñòóõèí (Athene noctua) íàõîäèòñÿ íà ñåâåðíîé (Athene noctua) is on the northern border [email protected] ãðàíèöå àðåàëà (Êóëàåâà, 1977). Ïåðâîå of its breeding range. Ruzskiy M.D. (1893) Contact: íàó÷íîå óïîìèíàíèå îá ýòîì âèäå äëÿ was the first who recorded the species in Albert Lastukhin òåððèòîðèè ×óâàøèè ïðèâîäèò Ì.Ä. Ðóç- the territory of Chuvashiya. At the present [email protected] ñêèé (1893), êîòîðûé ïðè ïåðå÷èñëåíèè time (1990–2009) the Little Owl has been ðåçóëüòàòîâ èçó÷åíèÿ êðàÿ ñîîáùàåò, ÷òî observed 9 times in the republic including 2 èçãîòîâëåíû 978 øêóðîê ïòèö, êîòîðûå facts of breeding. At the end of 2007 a pair ïåðåäàíû â Êàçàíñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò, è ñðå- feeding 3 fledglings were observed in the äè íèõ èìååòñÿ äîìîâûé ñû÷, äîáûòûé Botanical garden of Cheboksary. Owls nest- ýêñïåäèöèåé â äîëèíå ð. Áóëà. Ïîçäíåå, ed in a nestbox of the size of 380õ380õ250 â 1926–1927 ãã. À.À. Ïåðøàêîâ ñëûøàë mm with the entrance hole 150 mm in di- êðèêè äîìîâîãî ñû÷à â Òîéçèíñêîì ëåñíè- ameter. It was the second record of the spe- ÷åñòâå, à â Ïðèñóðüå ñ÷èòàë åãî îáû÷íûì cies breeding in the Republic of Chuvashiya (Ïåðøàêîâ, 1932). and the first record of the species nesting in Ñîâðåìåííûå íàáëþäåíèÿ ýòîãî âèäà â a nestbox in the Middle Volga region. ×óâàøèè ñëåäóþùèå (Ëàñòóõèí, Âîðîíîâ, 1999; Ëàñòóõèí, 2008): 1. Îäíîãî ñû÷à íàáëþäàë áèîëîã À.Ì. Èñàêîâ 13 ìàðòà 1990 ã. â ä. Áóðóí- äóêè Êðàñíîàðìåéñêîãî ð-íà. 2. Ëåòîì 1991 ã. áèîëîã Ñ.À. Áî÷¸íêîâ ïîéìàë íà çàáîðå ñâèíî-òîâàðíîé ôåðìû (ÑÒÔ) ï. Îïûòíûé Öèâèëüñêîãî ð-íà îäíî- ãî ñë¸òêà è ñîäåðæàë åãî äîìà. 3. Åù¸ îäíîãî ñû÷à À.Ì. Èñàêîâ íàáëþ- äàë ëåòîì 1991 ã. â ä. Áóðóíäóêè Êðàñíî- àðìåéñêîãî ð-íà – ïòèöà âûëåòåëà èç-ïîä êîíüêà ÑÒÔ. 4. Íà ìîëî÷íî-òîâàðíîé ôåðìå (ÌÒÔ) ä. Íóðëàòû Öèâèëüñêîãî ð-íà 28 ñåíòÿáðÿ 1991 ã. áûëà äîáûòà îäíà ïòèöà – èç íå¸ Â.Í. Êóçþêîâûì èçãîòîâëåíî ÷ó÷åëî äëÿ ëåñîïàðêîâîãî ëåñõîçà. 5. Çèìîé 1991 ã. æèòåëü ä. Áóðóíäóêè Êðàñíîàðìåéñêîãî ð-íà È.È. Àëåêñååâ íàø¸ë ì¸ðòâîãî ñû÷à ó ñåáÿ â ïîäâîðüå íà ñåíîâàëå è ïåðåäàë åãî À.Ì. Èñàêîâó, êî- òîðûé èçãîòîâèë èç íåãî ÷ó÷åëî. 6. Æèòåëü ä. Áóðóíäóêè Êðàñíîàðìåé- ñêîãî ð-íà Á.À. Ïåòðîâ íàáëþäàë îäíîãî ñû÷à íà ÑÒÔ 25 àâãóñòà 1994 ã. Ãíåçäîâîé ÿùèê, çàíèìàâøèéñÿ äîìîâûìè ñû÷àìè â 7. Ìû ñëûøàëè îäíó ïòèöó 2 ìàÿ 1997 ã. â 2007 ã. (Athene noctua). Ôîòî À. Ëàñòóõèíà. âåðõîâüå ð. Îøìàøêà Ìîðãàóøñêîãî ð-íà. Nestbox occupied by Little Owls (Athene noctua) in 8.  Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó ã. ×åáîêñàðû 2007. Photo by A. Lastukhin. êðè÷àëà îäíà ïòèöà 24 ìàÿ 1999 ã. 9.  êîíöå èþëÿ 2007 ã. â Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ïîñòðîèë Â.À. Åôðåìîâ. Ðàçìåðû ñîâÿòíè- ñàäó ã. ×åáîêñàðû ïàðà êîðìèëà 3-õ ñë¸ò- êà: 380õ380õ250 ìì, ëåòîê êðóãëûé, 150 ìì êîâ, êîòîðûå èíòåíñèâíî êðè÷àëè è äí¸ì. â äèàìåòðå. Ïòåíöîâ ìû íàáëþäàëè, êîã- Ïàðà, êàê ïîçäíåå âûÿñíèëîñü, ãíåçäèëàñü äà îíè âûëåòåëè. Ðîäèòåëè êîðìèëè èõ è â ãíåçäîâîì ÿùèêå (ñîâÿòíèêå), êîòîðûé äí¸ì, à òå çàáàâíî «ìÿóêàëè», êàê êîòÿòà. Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 161

÷àè ãèáåëè ïòèö â çèìíåå âðåìÿ. Îñíîâíûå ìåñòà âñòðå÷ äîìîâîãî ñû÷à – ôåðìû (ÑÒÔ è ÌÒÔ) â ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ ðåñïóáëè- êè. Ãíåçäîâàíèå óñòàíîâëåíî (ïî ñë¸òêàì) â îêð. ï. Îïûòíûé Öèâèëüñêîãî ð-íà è â Áîòàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó ã. ×åáîêñàðû, ïðè- ÷¸ì â ïîñëåäíåì ñëó÷àå ïàðà ãíåçäèëàñü â ñîâÿòíèêå, ÷òî äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè â Ñðåäíåì Ïîâîëæüå íå íàáëþäàëîñü.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Ëàñòóõèí À.À., Âîðîíîâ Ë.Í. Àòëàñ ïòèö ×ó- âàøñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêè. ×åáîêñàðû, 1999. 96 ñ. Êóëàåâà Ò.Ì. Îòðÿä Ñîâîîáðàçíûå. – Ïòèöû Âîëæñêî-Êàìñêîãî êðàÿ. Ì., 1977. Ñ. 239–257. Ëàñòóõèí À.À. Íîâûå è ðåäêèå îðíèòîëîãè- ÷åñêèå íàáëþäåíèÿ äëÿ ôàóíû ×óâàøèè. – Íà- ó÷íûå òðóäû ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî ïðèðîäíîãî Âñòðå÷è äîìîâîãî Ïî ýòîìó «ìÿóêàíüþ», ñîáñòâåííî, è óäà- çàïîâåäíèêà «Ïðèñóðñêèé». Ò. 19. ×åáîêñàðû, ñû÷à (Athene noctua) â ëîñü âûÿâèòü âûâîäîê. Ãíåçäî â ÿùèêå áûëî 2008. C. 78–82. ×óâàøñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêå. Ðóçñêèé Ì.Ä. Ìàòåðèàëû ê èçó÷åíèþ ïòèö îáíàðóæåíî òîëüêî çèìîé, êîãäà åãî ÷èñòè- Êàçàíñêîé ãóáåðíèè. – Òðóäû Îáùåñòâà åñòå- Records of the Little ëè.  ñîâÿòíèêå îêàçàëîñü íåìíîãî ïòè÷üå- Owl (Athene noctua) ñòâîèñïûòàòåëåé ïðè Êàçàíñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå. in the Republic of Chu- ãî ïîì¸òà è ïðèëèïøèå ê íåìó ïåðüÿ. 1893. Ò. 25, âûï. 6. Ñ. 119–130. vashiya. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, èñòîðèÿ íàáëþäåíèé äî- Ïåðøàêîâ À.À. Ïòèöû íàãîðíûõ äóáðàâ ×ó- ìîâûõ ñû÷åé â ×óâàøñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêå íà- âàøñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêè. – Òðóäû Îáùåñòâà åñòå- ñ÷èòûâàåò áîëåå 115 ëåò. Âèä âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ñòâîèñïûòàòåëåé ïðè Êàçàíñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå. çäåñü êðóãëûé ãîä, ïðè ýòîì èçâåñòíû ñëó- 1932. Ò. 2. Ñ. 1–75.

RecordsoftheImperialEagleAtypicalNestingintheSouthofthe UlyanovskDistrict,Russia НЕТИПИЧНЫЕ СЛУЧАИ ГНЕЗДОВАНИЯ МОГИЛЬНИКА НА ЮГЕ УЛЬЯНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ KorepovM.V.(RussianBirdConservationUnion,SimbirskoeBranch,Ulyanovsk,Russia) Корепов М.В. (Симбирское отделение Союза охраны птиц России, Ульяновск, Россия)

Êîíòàêò:  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila Now the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) is Ìèõàèë Êîðåïîâ heliaca) ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå õàðàêòåðíûì the most typical and usual species of a ge- Ñèìáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå Ñîþçà îõðàíû ïòèö è îáû÷íûì ïðåäñòàâèòåëåì ðîäà íàñòîÿ- nus Eagles (Aquila) in the central part of the Ðîññèè ùèõ îðëîâ (Aquila) â öåíòðàëüíîé ÷àñòè Privolzhskaya Upland (within the Volga river Ðîññèÿ 432072 Ïðèâîëæñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè (â ïðåäåëàõ right side of the Ulyanovsk district). Birds Óëüÿíîâñê ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Âîëãè â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëà- breeding in the Volga region prefer gener- ïð. Òóïîëåâà, 2–65 òåë. +7 8422 542 923 ñòè). Îòíîñèòåëüíî âûñîêàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü è ally to build their own nests on different el- [email protected] ìåæäóíàðîäíûé óãðîæàåìûé ñòàòóñ âèäà evations at tops of pines (Pinus sylvestris) ñïîñîáñòâîâàëè è ïðîäîëæàþò ñïîñîá- located on edges of large forests. The most Contact: ñòâîâàòü ïîâûøåííîìó âíèìàíèþ ê ýòîé part of nests known in the Ulyanovsk dis- Mikhail Korepov Russian Bird ïòèöå ñî ñòîðîíû óëüÿíîâñêèõ îðíèòîëî- trict are located in such habitats. The new Conservation Union ãîâ (Áîðîäèí è äð., 1999; Áîðîäèí è äð., data on the Imperial Eagle nesting atypi- Simbirskoe Branch 2000; Êëþ÷åâûå…, 2000; Áîðîäèí, 2003; cally in the Izbalyk river basin collected in Tupoleva pr., 2–65 Áîðîäèí, Áàðàáàøèí, 2004; Êîðåïîâ, 2009 add information on the species atypi- Ulyanovsk 432072 Russia 2004; Áîðîäèí è äð., 2005; Îöåíêà…, cally nesting in the territory of the central tel: +7 8422 542 923 2009). Íà ñåãîäíÿøíèé äåíü ñ òåððèòîðèè part of the Privolzhskaya Upland. On 6 May [email protected] îáëàñòè èçâåñòíî óæå áîëåå ñîòíè ãíåçäî- an occupied nest was discovered on the âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äàííîãî âèäà, áîëåå ÷åì äëÿ horizontal crossarm of a concrete electric ïîëîâèíû èç êîòîðûõ îáíàðóæåíû ãíåçäî- pole of overhead power line between the âûå ïîñòðîéêè. edge of oak forest and the artificial pine 162 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

Äëÿ ïòèö ïîâîëæñêîé ïîïóëÿöèè õà- forest line in 40 m from a country road. On ðàêòåðíî ãíåçäîâàíèå ïî âîçâûøåííûì 9 May another occupied nest of eagles was ýëåìåíòàì ðåëüåôà ñ äîìèíèðóþùèì ñòå- found in a forest line with width of 7–10 m ðåîòèïîì óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä íà âåðøèíàõ surrounded by fields with winter crops. The ñîñåí (Pinus sylvestris) ïî îïóøêàì ëåñíûõ nest was placed on a middle-aged pine in ìàññèâîâ (Áåëèê, Ãàëóøèí, 1999; Êàðÿêèí, the upper part of tree at height of 8 m. The 2007). Òàêîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå èìååò è ïî- same day one more occupied nest of Impe- äàâëÿþùåå áîëüøèíñòâî ãí¸çä, îáíàðó- rial Eagles was shown to us by employees of æåííûõ â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè. Îäíàêî, the Starokulatkinsky state zoological reserve. íà þãå ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Âîëãè íàáëþäàþòñÿ The nest was located in the Mostyak river èñêëþ÷åíèÿ èç ýòîãî ïðàâèëà.  óðî÷èùå floodplain on a poplar (Populus alba) in a «Âÿçîâñêèå áàëêè» Ðàäèùåâñêîãî ðàéîíà fork of a lateral branch. The nesting tree was èçâåñòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå äâóõ ïàð íà ëèñòâåí- strictly in the middle of vegetable garden in íûõ äåðåâüÿõ, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåå ñòåðåîòè- 300 m from the Novaya Andreevka village. ïó ãíåçäîâàíèÿ íà ñîñíàõ, – ãí¸çäà óñòðî- åíû íà âåðøèíàõ äóáîâ (Quercus robur) â ïðèîïóøå÷íîé ÷àñòè øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõ íàãîðíûõ ëåñîâ (Áàðàáàøèí, Âàëèåâà, 2001; äàííûå àâòîðà). Ïîäîáíîå æå ãíåç- äî îáíàðóæåíî â 2003 ã. â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Øèêîâêà Ïàâëîâñêîãî ðàéîíà (Â.Ê. Áîí- äèí, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå). Íà ñàìîì þãå Ñòàðîêóëàòêèíñêîãî ðàéîíà, â îêðåñòíî- ñòÿõ Çîëîòîé ãîðû, ñ 1998 ã. èçâåñòíà ïàðà ìîãèëüíèêîâ, ãíåçäîâàÿ ïîñòðîéêà êîòî- ðûõ ðàñïîëàãàåòñÿ íà ñòàðîé èâå (Salix alba) â ïîéìå ðó÷üÿ íà äíå áàëêè (Î.Â. Áî- ðîäèí, ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå), ÷òî áîëüøå ñî- îòâåòñòâóåò ñòåðåîòèïó ãíåçäîâàíèÿ îðëîâ ñòåïíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê.  2009 ã. ïðîâåäåíû èññëåäîâàíèÿ íà ñàìîì þãå ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Âîëãè â Óëüÿ- íîâñêîé îáëàñòè (Ñòàðîêóëàòêèíñêèé, Ïàâëîâñêèé ðàéîíû), ãäå ñîáðàí íîâûé ìàòåðèàë ïî ãíåçäîâàíèþ ìîãèëüíèêà â áàññåéíå ð. Èçáàëûê, äîïîëíÿþùèé ôàê- òû íåòèïè÷íîãî óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä äàííûì âèäîì íà òåððèòîðèè öåíòðàëüíîé ÷à- ñòè Ïðèâîëæñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè. Æèëîå ãíåçäî îáíàðóæåíî 6 ìàÿ íà ãîðèçîí- òàëüíîé òðàâåðñå áåòîííîé îïîðû ËÝÏ, ïðîõîäÿùåé ìåæäó îïóøêîé íàãîðíîé äó- áðàâû è ëåñîïîëîñîé èç ñîñíû, â 40 ì îò ïðîñ¸ëî÷íîé äîðîãè. Äðóãîå æèëîå ãíåç- äî îðëîâ îáíàðóæåíî 9 ìàÿ â ëåñîïîëîñå øèðèíîé 7–10 ì ñðåäè ïîëåé ñ ïîñåâàìè îçèìûõ êóëüòóð. Ïîñòðîéêà ðàñïîëàãàëàñü íà ñðåäíåâîçðàñòíîé ñîñíå â âåðõíåé òðå- òè äåðåâà íà âûñîòå 8 ì.  ýòîò æå äåíü åù¸ îäíî æèëîå ãíåçäî ìîãèëüíèêîâ áûëî Ãí¸çäà ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca): íà ËÝÏ â Ïàâëîâ- ïîêàçàíî ðàáîòíèêàìè Ñòàðîêóëàòêèíñêî- ñêîì ðàéîíå (ââåðõó), â ëåñîïîëîñå ñðåäè ïîëåé íà ñîñíå â Ñòàðîêóëàòêèíñêîì ðàéîíå (â öåíòðå) è íà ãî ôåäåðàëüíîãî çîîëîãè÷åñêîãî çàêàçíè- òîïîëå ñðåäè îãîðîäà íà îêðàèíå ñ. Íîâ. Àíäðååâêà êà. Ïîñòðîéêà ðàñïîëàãàëàñü â ïîéìå ð. Ïàâëîâñêîãî ðàéîíà (âíèçó). Óëüÿíîâñêàÿ îáëàñòü. Ìîñòÿê íà òîïîëå (Populus alba) â ðàçâèë- Ôîòî Ì. Êîðåïîâà. êå áîêîâîé âåòâè. Äåðåâî ñ ãíåçäîì íàõî- Nests of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca): on an äèëîñü ïðÿìî ïîñðåäè óñàäà, â 300 ì îò electric pole in the Pavlovskiy region (upper), on a ñ. Íîâàÿ Àíäðååâêà. pine tree in forest-line in the Starokulatkinskiy region (center) and a poplar tree near the N. Andreevka Èññëåäîâàíèÿ âûïîëíåíû â ðàìêàõ ðåãè- village in the Pavlovskiy region (bottom). Ulyanovsk îíàëüíîãî ãðàíòà ÐÔÔÈ 09-04-97012-ð_ District. Photos by M. Korepov. Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 163

ïîâîëæüå_à «Êîìïëåêñíûé áèîýêîëîãè÷å- ñêèé ìîíèòîðèíã è îðãàíèçàöèÿ êëþ÷åâûõ è ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ ÎÎÏÒ â Ñðåäíåì Ïîâîë- æüå (Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè)».

Ëèòåðàòóðà Áàðàáàøèí Ò.Î., Âàëèåâà Ì.Ã. Ðåäêèå âèäû ïòèö Óëüÿíîâñêîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ Ñàðàòîâñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëèùà. – Ïðèðîäà Ñèìáèðñêîãî Ïî- âîëæüÿ: Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Óëüÿíîâñê, 2001. Âûï. 2. Ñ. 162–165. Áåëèê Â.Ï., Ãàëóøèí Â.Ì. Ïîïóëÿöèîííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà â Ñåâåðíîé Åâðà- çèè. – Êîðîëåâñêèé îð¸ë: Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ñîñòîÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé è ïåðñïåêòèâû îõðàíû îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca): Ñáîðíèê íà- ó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Ì., 1999. Âûï. 1. Ñ. 129–139. Áîðîäèí Î.Â. Ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà îðëîâ- ìîãèëüíèêîâ â óñëîâèÿõ ñîâðåìåííîãî õîçÿé- ñòâîâàíèÿ â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ìàòåðèàëû IV Êîíôåðåíöèè ïî õèùíûì ïòèöàì Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè. Ïåíçà, 2003. Ñ. 156–158. Áîðîäèí Î.Â., Áàðàáàøèí Ò.Î. Ìîíèòîðèíã ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè îðëîâ-ìîãèëüíèêîâ íà þãå Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ïðèðîäà Ñèì- áèðñêîãî Ïîâîëæüÿ: Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Ìîãèëüíèê. Ôîòî À. Ïàæåíêîâà. Óëüÿíîâñê, 2004. Âûï. 5. Ñ. 119–124. Áîðîäèí Î.Â., Êîðîëüêîâ Ì.À., Ñìèðíîâà Ñ.Â. Imperial Eagle. Photo by A. Pazhenkov. Äîëèíà ñîëíå÷íûõ îðëîâ. – Ïðèðîäà Ñèìáèð- ñêîãî Ïîâîëæüÿ: Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Ñèìáèðñêîãî Ïîâîëæüÿ: Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðó- Óëüÿíîâñê, 2000. Âûï. 1. Ñ. 142–144. äîâ. Óëüÿíîâñê, 2005. Âûï. 6. Ñ. 172–174. Áîðîäèí Î.Â., Ñìèðíîâà Ñ.Â., Ãëåáîâ À.Ì., Áîðîäèí Î.Â., Ñìèðíîâà Ñ.Ë., Ñâèðèäîâà Ôîìèíà Ä.À., Ïèëþãèíà Ã.Â., Ìóðàíîâà Í. Îð- Ò.Â., Êîðîëüêîâ Ì.À., Áàðàáàøèí Ò.Î., Êèøêè- íèòîëîãè÷åñêèå íîâîñòè 2005 ãîäà. – Ïðèðîäà í¸â Ä.À., Èëüèíà Ä.À., Àñàíîâ À.Â., Êàðàöóáà Ä.Þ., Ðûæåíêîâ Ñ.Í. Ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè. – Êî- ðîëåâñêèé îð¸ë: Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ñîñòîÿ- íèå ïîïóëÿöèé è ïåðñïåêòèâû îõðàíû îðëà- ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca): Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Ì., 1999. Âûï. 1. Ñ. 68–73. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ïîïóëÿöèîííàÿ ñòðóêòóðà àðåàëà âîñòî÷íî-åâðîïåéñêîãî ìîãèëüíèêà â Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíå è å¸ äèíàìèêà â ïî- ñëåäíåå ñòîëåòèå. – Ìàòåðèàëû Âñåðîññèéñêîé íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè «Èçó÷åíèå ïòèö íà òåððèòîðèè Âîëæñêî-Êàìñêîãî êðàÿ». ×åáîêñàðû, 2007. Ñ. 163–171. Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè. Êëþ÷åâûå îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Ðîñ- ñèè ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ â Åâðîïåéñêîé Ðîññèè. Òîì 1. Ì., 2000. Ñ. 430–443. Êîðåïîâ Ì.Â. Íîâûå ñâåäåíèÿ îá îðëå- ìîãèëüíèêå ñ òåððèòîðèè Áàðûøñêîãî ðàéîíà Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ïðèðîäà Ñèìáèðñêî- ãî Ïîâîëæüÿ: Ñáîðíèê íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Óëüÿ- íîâñê, 2004. Âûï. 5. Ñ. 113–114. Îöåíêà ýôôåêòèâíîñòè îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà, çàíåñ¸ííî- ãî â Êðàñíûå êíèãè Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè, Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè è Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîþçà îõðàíû ïðèðîäû (ñîñò. Ì.Â. Êîðåïîâ). – Îò÷¸ò ïî äîãîâîðó ¹25 îò 15.04.2009. Óëüÿíîâñê: Êàðòà íàõîäîê ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca). Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé öåíòð «Ïîâîëæüå», Map of records of the Imperial Eagle’s (Aquila heliaca) nests. Óëüÿíîâñê, 2009. 32 ñ. 164 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

TheNumberofPeregrineFalconsContinuestoIncreaseinthe LowerReachesoftheKamaRiver,Russia РОСТ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ САПСАНА НА НИЖНЕЙ КАМЕ ПРОДОЛЖАЕТСЯ, РОССИЯ BekmansurovR.H.(NP"NizhnyayaKama",Elabuga,RepublicofTatarstan,Russia) Бекмансуров Р.Х. (Национальный парк «Нижняя Кама», Республика Татарстан, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Ñîêîë-ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) íà òåððè- The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) is a Ðèíóð Áåêìàíñóðîâ òîðèè Ðåñïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí ïî-ïðåæíåìó rare breeding species in the territory of the Íàöèîíàëüíûé ïàðê «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà» ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåäêèì âèäîì. Èç ÷åòûð¸õ èçâåñò- Republic of Tatarstan. Of four breeding terri- 423600 Ðîññèÿ íûõ çà ïîñëåäíåå 10-ëåòèå ìåñò ãíåçäîâà- tories known last decade 3 were discovered Ðåñïóáëèêà Òàòàðñòàí íèÿ òðè îáíàðóæåíû â ïðåäåëàõ Íèæíåé on the lower reaches of the Kama river. Two ã. Åëàáóãà Êàìû íà òåððèòîðèè Åëàáóæñêîãî, Àãðûç- nests were located on riverine cliffs of the ïð. Íåôòÿíèêîâ, 175 òåë.: +7 85557 270 18 ñêîãî è Ìåíçåëèíñêîãî ðàéîíîâ: äâà ãíåç- Kama river and one – on riparian vegetation [email protected] äà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà îáðûâàõ ð. Êàìà è in a flooding zone (Karyakin, 2005; Khanov, îäíî – â çîíå çàòîïëåíèÿ íà ïëàâíÿõ (Êàðÿ- Volkova, 2005; Karyakin, Pazhenkov, 2007). Contact: êèí, 2005; Õàíîâ, Âîëêîâà, 2005; Karyakin, The distance between nearest neighbors that Rinur Bekmansurov National Park Pazhenkov, 2007). Áëèæàéøåå ðàññòîÿíèå located on the Kama river lower the Nizh- “Nizhnyaya Kama” ìåæäó èçâåñòíûìè ãí¸çäàìè íà Êàìå íèæå nekamsk hydroelectric station was 17.2 km, Neftyanikov str., 175 Íèæíåêàìñêîé ÃÝÑ ñîñòàâëÿëî 17,2 êì, íà and on the Nizhnekamsk water reservoir – Elabuga Íèæíåêàìñêîì âîäîõðàíèëèùå – 14,9 êì. 14.9 km. The new pair of peregrines were Republic of Tatarstan 423600 Russia  2009 ã. íîâàÿ ïàðà ñàïñàíîâ îáíàðóæå- discovered in the territory of the National tel.: +7 85557 270 18 íà íà òåððèòîðèè íàöèîíàëüíîãî ïàðêà Park “Nizhnaya Kama” in 2009 (Tanaevskiy [email protected] «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà» (Òàíàåâñêèé ëåñ). Ðàññòîÿ- forest). The distance between new nest and íèå äî áëèæàéøåãî ãíåçäà ñàïñàíîâ ñî- nearest known nest of peregrines was 18.7 km. ñòàâëÿåò 18,7 êì. Ýòà ïàðà ñàïñàíîâ âñòðå- Also a pair were observed near a perennial ÷åíà â ðàéîíå ìíîãîëåòíåãî ãíåçäîâîãî breeding territory of the Eagle Owl (Bubo ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo), ðàñïîëîæåí- bubo), located on the top of high riverine íîãî íà áðîâêå âûñîêîãî îáðûâà ïðàâîãî cliff on the Kama river right bank. áåðåãà Êàìû, ïîýòîìó íàáëþäåíèÿ çà íåé We made an image of a peregrine female ïðåäñòàâëÿþò îñîáûé èíòåðåñ. which have taken off from the Eagle Owl’s Òàê, 11 àïðåëÿ, âî âðåìÿ ïðîâåðêè èç- old nest the located under a block of lime- âåñòíîãî ñòàðîãî ãíåçäà ôèëèíà, áûë óñëû- stone, on 20 May, 2009. The pair of birds øàí êðèê ñàìêè ñàïñàíà íà ðàññòîÿíèè began to fly with alarming shouts around. In the cavity where the nest located we found fresh pellets of the Eagle Owl, that allowed to assume the parallel using of the cavity by owls and peregrines. At check of a cav- ity on 1 August, 2009 we found sufficiently deep hole trampled down by falcons with down and coverts of a young peregrine fe- male, however successful breeding was not noted. Registration of new pair allows to as- sume the species number rather increasing on the Lower Kama. Another fact confirmed the number in- creasing was a peregrine fledgling unsuc- cessfully taken off the nest and discovered in the territory where the species was not observed earlier. Near Menzelinsk (water area of the Nizhnekamsk water reservoir in the Menzelya river mouth) fishermen found alive young peregrine on a surface of water Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) íà Íèæíåé Êàìå. on 15 June, 2009. The bird had not primaries Distribution of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) on the Lower Kama. and secondaries enough developed. The fal- Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 165

îêîëî 40 ì îò ãíåçäà ôèëèíà. Ãíåçäî ôè- con was nursed by a citizen of Elabuga and ëèíà, ðàñïîëàãàâøååñÿ â íèøå, óñòðîåí- released in nature. The distance between íîé ïîä ãëûáîé èçâåñòíÿêà â âåðõíåé ÷à- the point of bird discovery and the nearest ñòè ñêëîíà, ïîêðûòîãî ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì, íà known breeding territory of peregrines lo- ýòîò ðàç îêàçàëîñü ïóñòûì, áåç âñÿêèõ ïðè- cated on the Nizhnekamsk water reservoir çíàêîâ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, íî, ïðè ýòîì, ôèëèí right bank was about 13 km. Ãíåçäîâîé áèîòîï ñàïñàíà (Falco per- egrinus) â íàöïàðêå «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà» (ââåðõó) è ñàìåö ñàïñàíà íà ïðèñàäå áëèç ãíåçäà (âíèçó). Ôîòî Ð. Áåêìàíñóðîâà. Habitat of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the NP “Nizhnyaya Kama” (upper) and male of the Peregrine Falcon perching near the nest (bottom). Photos by R. Bekmansurov.

çäåñü íàáëþäàëñÿ 4 àïðåëÿ – ïòèöà ñèäåëà ìîíñòðèðîâàë ãíåçäîâîå ïîâåäåíèå. Çà 10 â íèøå ïîä êàìíåì â âûêîïàííîé èì ëóí- ìèíóò íàáëþäåíèÿ ñàïñàí 3 ðàçà âûëåòàë êå. Ïîñëå êðèêà ñàìêè ñàïñàíà îòîçâàëñÿ ñ ïðèñàäû äëÿ òîãî ÷òîáû îòîãíàòü ïðî- ñàìåö ôèëèíà. ×òîáû íå áåñïîêîèòü ïòèö ëåòàþùèõ ñåðûõ âîðîí (Corvus cornix). îñìîòð ó÷àñòêà áûë ñðàçó æå ïðåêðàù¸í. Âî âðåìÿ àòàê ñàìöà áûëè ñëûøíû êðèêè Íà ýòîì æå ó÷àñòêå 21 àïðåëÿ íàáëþ- ñàìêè. Íàáëþäåíèå âåëîñü ñ ðàññòîÿíèÿ äàëñÿ ñàìåö ñàïñàíà, êîòîðûé ÿâíî äå- îêîëî 150 ì. Ïðè îñìîòðå äàííîãî 166 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

âåäåíèå êîñòðîâ âáëèçè ó÷àñòêà, âåñåííèå ïàëû ñóõîé òðàâû, áëèçîñòü áàçû îòäûõà), ÷òî âðÿä ëè áëàãîïðèÿòíî äëÿ ñàïñàíîâ, êàê è áëèçîñòü ôèëèíîâ, êîòîðûå óñïåøíî äî- áûâàþò ñàïñàíîâ íà ñâîèõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Áûëî ëè óñïåøíûì ãíåçäîâàíèå äàííîé ïàðû â ýòîì ãîäó, îñòàëîñü íåâûÿñíåííûì. Âîçìîæíî, ïîãèáëà êëàäêà, íî, ñêîðåå âñåãî, ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå áûëî, ò.ê. â ïàðå ìîëîäàÿ ñàìêà. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ôîðìèðî- âàíèå íîâîé ïàðû ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëàãàòü íåêîòîðûé ðîñò ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà íà Íèæ- íåé Êàìå. Íà ðîñò ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà óêàçûâàåò åù¸ îäíà íàõîäêà ñë¸òêà, íåóäà÷íî âûëå- òåâøåãî èç ãíåçäà, íà òåððèòîðèè, ãäå âèä ðàíåå íå íàáëþäàëñÿ. Áëèç ã. Ìåíçåëèíñê (àêâàòîðèÿ Íèæíåêàìñêîãî âîäîõðàíèëè- ùà â óñòüåâîé ÷àñòè ð. Ìåíçåëÿ) 15 èþíÿ 2009 ã. ñ ïîâåðõíîñòè âîäû ðûáàêàìè ïîä- íÿò æèâîé ìîëîäîé ñàïñàí ñ íåäîðîñøèìè ìàõîâûìè. Ñîêîëà âûõîäèë æèòåëü ãîðîäà Åëàáóãè, îáó÷èë åãî áðàòü æèâóþ ïòèöó è âî âðåìÿ î÷åðåäíîãî íàòàñêèâàíèÿ ñàïñàí Ñòàðîå ãíåçäî ôèëèíà ó÷àñòêà 28 àïðåëÿ áûë ñôîòîãðàôèðîâàí óëåòåë è íå âåðíóëñÿ. Ðàññòîÿíèå îò òî÷êè (Bubo bubo) â íèøå ïîä ñàìåö ñàïñàíà íà ïðèñàäå. Òàêæå íàéäåíû îáíàðóæåíèÿ ñë¸òêà äî áëèæàéøåãî èç- êàìíåì íà îáëåñåííîì âåñòíîãî ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà ñàïñàíà íà ñêëîíå (ââåðõó) è ñâåæèå ïîãàäêè ôèëèíà, ïåðüÿ ôèëèíà è ìîëîäàÿ ñàìêà ñàïñàíà ñàïñàíà, ïèùåâûå îñòàòêè â âèäå ïåðüåâ ïðàâîì áåðåãó Íèæíåêàìñêîãî âîäîõðà- â í¸ì (âíèçó). ñåðûõ âîðîí è ñèçûõ ãîëóáåé (Columba íèëèùà ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî 13 êì. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà è livia). Óæå 20 ìàÿ, âñå â òîì æå ñòàðîì Ð. Áåêìàíñóðîâà. ãíåçäå ôèëèíà, áûëà ñôîòîãðàôèðîâàíà Ëèòåðàòóðà Old nest of the Eagle ñàìêà ñàïñàíà, êîòîðàÿ, âûëåòåâ èç íåãî, Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) â Owl (Bubo bubo) ñòàëà ñ êðèêàìè ëåòàòü ðÿäîì. Ê ñàìêå Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíå. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíè- in a cavity under a êè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹1. Ñ. 43–56. limestone on a for- ïðèñîåäèíèëñÿ ñàìåö.  ñòàðîé ãíåçäîâîé Õàíîâ Ð.À., Âîëêîâà À.Â. Íîâûå äàííûå î ested slope (upper) and íèøå ôèëèíà, îòêóäà âûëåòåëà ñàìêà ñàï- ãíåçäîâàíèè ñàïñàíà â Ðåñïóáëèêå Òàòàðñòàí. young female of the ñàíà, áûëè îáíàðóæåíû ñâåæèå ïîãàäêè Peregrine Falcon in this – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹3. nest. ôèëèíà, ÷òî ñâèäåòåëüñòâîâàëî î ñîâìåñò- Ñ. 66–67. Photos by I. Karyakin íîì èñïîëüçîâàíèè íèøè è ñàïñàíàìè, è Karyakin I.V., Pazhenkov A.S. Population trends and R. Bekmansurov. ôèëèíîì. Ïðè ïðîâåðêå íèøè 1 àâãóñòà of the Peregrine Falcon in Volga-Ural region 2009 ã. â íåé îáíàðóæåíà äîñòàòî÷íî ãëó- (Russia) for twenty years. – Abstracts of the áîêàÿ ëóíêà, óòîïòàííàÿ ñîêîëàìè, è ïó- Peregrine Conference, Poland 19–23 September õîâûå è êðîþùèå ïåðüÿ ìîëîäîé ñàìêè 2007. Piotrowo, 2007. P. 26–27. ñàïñàíà, îäíàêî óñïåøíîãî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå óñòàíîâëåíî. Ïîÿâëåíèå ïàðû ñàïñàíîâ íà ýòîì ó÷àñò- êå íå ñëó÷àéíî. Òàê, ñàìåö ñàïñàíà íàáëþ- äàëñÿ â ðàéîíå äàííîãî ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíà â àïðåëå 2007 ã. Òîãäà íàáëþäàå- ìàÿ ïòèöà áûëà îòíåñåíà ê ïðîë¸òíîé. Íåñîìíåííî, äàííûé ó÷àñòîê óäîáåí äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñàïñàíîâ: îòâåñíûé îáðûâ âû- ñîòîé îêîëî 70 ì, â âåðõíåé ÷àñòè ñëîæåí- íûé ïåñ÷àíèêàìè, ñ âûõîäàìè èçâåñòíÿêà ó áðîâêè îáðûâà, çàêðûòûé ñâåðõó ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì, ÿâëÿåòñÿ òèïè÷íûì ãíåçäîâûì áèî- òîïîì ýòîãî âèäà â áàññåéíå Êàìû.  òîæå Ñë¸òîê ñàïñàíà, ïîäîáðàííûé áëèç Ìåíçåëèíñêà. âðåìÿ, äàííûé ó÷àñòîê õàðàêòåðèçóåòñÿ Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. âûñîêîé ðåêðåàöèîííîé íàãðóçêîé (ïîñòî- Fledgling of the Peregrine Falcon found near ÿííîå ïðèñóòñòâèå ðûáàêîâ íà áåðåãó, ðàç- Menzelinsk. Photo by I. Karyakin. Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 167

AnomalousLateRecordoftheBlack-EaredKiteintheFoothills oftheAltaiMountains,Russia АНОМАЛЬНО ПОЗДНЯЯ ВСТРЕЧА ЧЕРНОУХОГО КОРШУНА В ПРЕДГОРЬЯХ АЛТАЯ, РОССИЯ VazhovS.V.,BachtinR.F.(AltaiStateUniversity,Barnaul,Russia) Важов С.В., Бахтин Р.Ф. (Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия)

The Black-Eared Kite (Milvus migrans linea- tus) is a common migratory species of rap- tors in the Altai Mountains and the plain ter- ritory of the Altai Kray. According to our data the species start to migrate in mountains at the beginning of September, particularly on 9–10 September 2009 no one bird of the species was observed in Northern, North- Western and Central Altai. In foothills and adjoining plains Kites stay till 20 September, in the suburbs of Biysk last birds were noted on 25–26 September. A juvenile Black-Eared Kite was observed in 3 km to the south from the Belokurikha town on 8 October 2009. The bird was eat- ing garbage thrown out by tourists. It should be mentioned, that this year the young Kites have been recorded much later than usual. Ìåñòî âñòðå÷è ñë¸òêà êîðøóíà (Milvus migrans lineatus). In spite of the published data, nestlings Point of the Black-Eared Kite (Milvus migrans lineatus) fledgling registration. were staying in nests for two months and the breeding success was very low. Prob- Êîíòàêò: ×åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus migrans linea- ably it is connected with the unfavorable cli- Ñåðãåé Âàæîâ tus) – îäèí èç ñàìûõ ìàññîâûõ âèäîâ ïåð- mate conditions in the Altai and adjoining òåë.: +7 3854 35 72 52 íàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ è íà ðàâíèí- plains in spring and summer 2009. [email protected] íîé òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ.  ãîðàõ, Ðîìàí Áàõòèí ïî íàøèì äàííûì, îí óëåòàåò íà çèìîâêó òåë.: +7 3854 37 50 02 â íà÷àëå ñåíòÿáðÿ. Òàê, 9–10 ñåíòÿáðÿ [email protected] 2009 ã. â Ñåâåðíîì, Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîì è Contact: Öåíòðàëüíîì Àëòàå íå áûëî âñòðå÷åíî íè Sergey Vazhov îäíîé îñîáè.  ïðåäãîðüÿõ è íà ïðèëåãàþ- tel.: +7 3854 35 72 52 ùèõ ðàâíèíàõ êîðøóíû çàäåðæèâàþòñÿ äî [email protected] 20 ñåíòÿáðÿ, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ã. Áèéñêà ïî- Roman Bachtin ñëåäíèå ïòèöû îòìå÷àëèñü 25–26 ñåíòÿáðÿ. tel.: +7 3854 37 50 02 Ìîëîäîé êîðøóí – ñë¸òîê ýòîãî ãîäà íà- [email protected] áëþäàëñÿ 8 îêòÿáðÿ 2009 ã. â 3 êì þæíåå ã. Áåëîêóðèõà (ñåâåðíûå îòðîãè ×åðãèí- ñêîãî õðåáòà) â äîëèíå ð. Áåëîêóðèõà. Îí ïèòàëñÿ îòáðîñàìè, îñòàâëåííûìè òóðè- ñòàìè. Ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü, ÷òî â ýòîì ãîäó ñë¸ò- êè êîðøóíîâ íàáëþäàëèñü çíà÷èòåëüíî ïîçäíåå, ÷åì îáû÷íî. Ïòåíöû çàäåðæè- âàëèñü â ãí¸çäàõ äî äâóõ ìåñÿöåâ, è ýô- ôåêòèâíîñòü ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áûëà î÷åíü Ñë¸òîê ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà (Milvus migrans lineatus) â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ. 08.10.2009 ã. íèçêîé. Âåðîÿòíî, ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ íåáëà- Ôîòî Ñ. Âàæîâà. ãîïðèÿòíûìè êëèìàòè÷åñêèìè óñëîâèÿ- Fledgling of the Black-Eared Kite (Milvus migrans ìè íà Àëòàå è ïðèëåãàþùèõ ðàâíèíàõ lineatus) in the foothills of the Altai Mountains. âåñíîé è ëåòîì 2009 ã. 08/10/2009. Photo by S. Vazhov. 168 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

NewRecordsoftheShort-ToedEagleintheAltaiMountains,Russia НОВЫЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ЗМЕЕЯДА НА АЛТАЕ, РОССИЯ KaryakinI.V.(CenterofFieldStudies,N.Novgorod,Russia) NikolenkoE.G.(NGOSiberianEnvironmentalCenter,Novosibirsk,Russia) VazhovS.V.(AltaiStateUniversity,Barnaul,Russia) Карякин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н. Новгород, Россия) Николенко Э.Г. (МБОО «Сибирский экологический центр», Новосибирск, Россия) Важов С.В. (Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия)

Êîíòàêò: Çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus) – êðàéíå ðåäêèé During the modern period in the Altai Kray Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, ïðåèìó- mountains only 2 registrations of the Short- òåë.: +7 831 433 38 47 [email protected] ùåñòâåííî ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè îáñêîãî ëåâî- Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) are known, áåðåæüÿ, âñòðå÷è êîòîðîãî â ãîðàõ åäè- and nests have not yet found till now (Kar- Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî íè÷íû.  ñîâðåìåííûé ïåðèîä èìååòñÿ yakin et al., 2005; Vazhov, Bachtin, 2008). òåë.: +7 383 363 00 59 èíôîðìàöèÿ î äâóõ òî÷êàõ ðåãèñòðàöèè The Short-Toed Eagle was observed in the [email protected] âèäà. Ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî âçðîñëûé çìååÿä Kalmanka river upper reaches in 2 km from Ñåðãåé Âàæîâ íàáëþäàëñÿ 13 ìàÿ 2003 ã. â Òðåòüÿêîâñêîì Novokalmanka village on 31 May, 2009. òåë.: +7 3854 35 72 52 ðàéîíå áëèç ãðàíèöû ñ Êàçàõñòàíîì (Êàðÿ- [email protected] êèí è äð., 2005). Âçðîñëûé çìååÿä íàáëþ- Contact: äàëñÿ 7 ìàÿ 2007 ã. íàä ãîðîé Áàáûðãàí Igor Karyakin è äîëãî ñèäåë íà áåð¸çå íà þãî-çàïàäíîì tel.: +7 831 433 38 47 ñêëîíå ãîðû, ïðè÷¸ì, ýòî áûëà ÿâíî òåð- [email protected] ðèòîðèàëüíàÿ ïòèöà, ïðîÿâëÿþùàÿ áåñ- Elvira Nikolenko ïîêîéñòâî ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê äðóãèì âèäàì tel.: +7 383 363 00 59 õèùíûõ ïòèö; ïðè ïîñåùåíèè äàííîé òåð- [email protected] ðèòîðèè 7 èþíÿ 2007 ã. çìååÿä ñíîâà íà- áëþäàëñÿ ïàðÿùèì íàä þæíûì ñêëîíîì Sergey Vazhov tel.: +7 3854 35 72 52 ãîðû (Âàæîâ, Áàõòèí, 2008). Âñòðå÷è íà [email protected] ã. Áàáûðãàí ïðåäïîëàãàþò ãíåçäîâàíèå âèäà íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè, õîòÿ äî ñèõ Ìåñòî âñòðå÷è çìååÿäà è íàáëþäàâøàÿñÿ ïòèöà. ïîð ãí¸çä çìååÿäà â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ íèêòî íå Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. íàõîäèë. Short-Toed Eagle and territory to which it was ob-  2009 ã. çìååÿäà óäàëîñü âñòðåòèòü â served. Photos by I. Karyakin. âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Êàëìàíêà â 2-õ êì âûøå Íî- âîêàëìàíêè: 31 ìàÿ âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà áûëà âñïóãíóòà ñ ïðèñàäû íà ñêàëå è â òå÷åíèå äâóõ ÷àñîâ ïîÿâëÿëàñü â ïðåäåëàõ âèäèìî- ñòè, ïåðèîäè÷åñêè ñêðûâàÿñü â ëåñó ïî ñå- âåðíîìó ñêëîíó ëîãà, âïàäàþùåãî â îñíîâ- íóþ äîëèíó ðåêè.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Âàæîâ Ñ.Â., Áàõòèí Ð.Ô. Î âñòðå÷àõ ðåä- êèõ âèäîâ ñîêîëîîáðàçíûõ (Falconiformes) â Àëòàéñêîì è Ñîâåòñêîì ðàéîíàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. – Áèîðàçíîîáðàçèå, ïðîáëåìû ýêîëîãèè Ãîðíîãî Àëòàÿ è ñîïðåäåëüíûõ ðåãèîíîâ: íà- ñòîÿùåå, ïðîøëîå, áóäóùåå. Ìàòåðèàëû Ìåæ- äóíàðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè. Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñê, 2008. Ñ. 56–60. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Áàêêà Ñ.Â., Ãðàáîâñêèé Ì.À., Ðûáåíêî À.Â., Åãîðîâà À.Â. Êðóïíûå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹3. Âñòðå÷è çìååÿäà (Circaetus gallicus) â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ. Ñ. 28–51. Records of the Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) in the Altai Mountains. Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 169

TwoOspreyBreedingSitesintheCentralAltai,AltaiRepublic,Russia ДВА МЕСТА ГНЕЗДОВАНИЯ СКОПЫ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОМ АЛТАЕ, РЕСПУБЛИКА АЛТАЙ, РОССИЯ ErnstS.,ErnstC.(Klingenthal,Saxony,Germany) LindnerM.(Lauske,Germany) Эрнст Ш., Эрнст К. (Клингенталь, Саксония, Германия) Линднер М. (Лауске, Германия)

Contact:  õîäå ýêñêóðñèè íà Êóðàé-Àéãóëàêñêîå During an excursion on the Kurai-Aygulak Stephan Ernst ïëàòî (Àëòàé) â 1993 ã., 18 èþíÿ ìû îá- Plateau in the Altai in June 1993, we discov- Christine Ernst íàðóæèëè æèëîå ãíåçäî ñêîïû (Pandion ered on 18 June an occupied Osprey (Pan- Aschbergstraße 24, 08248 Klingenthal, haliaetus) áëèç þãî-âîñòî÷íîãî ïîáåðåæüÿ dion haliaetus) nest on the south-eastern Germany îçåðà Òàëäóêåëü (Ïàïîâñêîå) (Ernst, 1996) bank of Lake Taldukelj (Lake Papovskoye) ernst-klingenthal@ (ðèñ. 1). Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà âûñîòå (Ernst, 1996) (fig. 1). The nest was some t-online.de 20 ì íàä çåìë¸é, íà âåðøèíå ñëîìà ñòâî- 20 m above the ground on a broken-off Michele Lindner ëà ñóõîé ëèñòâåííèöû (Larix sibirica), ðà- trunk of a dead Larch (Larix sibirica), and Lauske 1, D-02699 ñòóùåé ïðèìåðíî â 100 ì îò óðåçà âîäû. about 100 m from the lakeshore. The tree Lauske, Germany Ãíåçäîâîå äåðåâî ñòîÿëî íà îïóøêå ðàçðå- stood on the edge of an open Larch – Si- æåííîãî ëèñòâåííè÷íî-êåäðîâîãî ëåñà, ðà- ñòóùåãî ïî êðàþ òóíäðû, ïîðîñøåé áåð¸çîé êðóãëîëèñòíîé (Betula rotundifolia), íà âûñî- òå 1850 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ (ðèñ. 2). Îçåðî Òàëäóêåëü ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíèì èç ñàìûõ áîãàòûõ ðûáîé îç¸ð â òóíäðå Êóðàé-Àéãóëàêñêîãî ïëàòî.  ãíåçäå íàáëþäàëàñü âçðîñëàÿ ïòè- öà ïðè âûâîäêå. Ïàðòí¸ð âîçâðàòèëñÿ ëèøü âå÷åðîì è ñåë íà ñîñåäíþþ ëèñòâåííèöó. Êîðìëåíèÿ íå ïðîèçîøëî. Ðÿäîì ñ æèëûì ãíåçäîì â 100 ì îáíàðóæåíî ñòàðîå ãíåç- äî, ñóäÿ ïî ðàçìåðàì çàíèìàâøååñÿ ñêî- ïàìè, âèäèìî, î÷åíü äîëãî. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, Ñêîïà (Pandion haliaetus). Ôîòî À. Âèäóýöêîãî. äàííûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñêîï ñóùåñòâóåò Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). Photo by A. Viduetsky. óæå äëèòåëüíîå âðåìÿ. Ñïóñòÿ 10 ëåò äàííûé ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê berian Pine (Pinus sibirica) wood in front of extensive Round-leaved Dwarf Birch (Betula rotundifolia) fields at 1,850 m a.s.l. (fig. 2). Lake Taldukelj is one of several large fish-rich lakes in the mountain tundra of the plateau. The adult bird on the nest appeared to be brooding. Its partner came back only in the evening and perched on a neighbour- ing larch. Feeding did not take place. A second, much larger nest was located no more than 100 m distant, also on a larch stump. It must have been used for years and could only have been an Osprey nest. This breeding occurrence must therefore have existed for some time. This breeding site was still occupied 10 years later! On our return visit to the high plateau in July 2003 we again found an oc- cupied nest on 20 July on the southern shore Ðèñ. 1. Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñêîï (Pandion haliaetus) â of Lake Taldukelj. This was also situated on a Öåíòðàëüíîì Àëòàå. larch stump some 15 m above the ground. Fig. 1. Distribution of Osprey’s (Pandion haliaetus) breeding sites in the Central Altai. From the opposite shore it was possible to 170 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

Ðèñ. 2. Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ñêîï íà þãî-âîñòî÷íîì áåðåãó îç. Òàëäóêåëü â 1993 ã. (ââåðõó) è þæíîì – â 2003 ã. (âíèçó). Ôîòî Ø. Ýðíñò. Fig. 2. Osprey breeding site on the south-eastern shore of Lake Taldukel 1993 (upper) and southern shore of Lake Taldukel 2003 (bottom). Photos by S. Ernst.

identify two grown Ospreys in the nest; not however, as we at first suspected two large juveniles. The next morning both birds left the nest, one returning shortly afterwards. There were two more nests visible on the same shore, both built on larch stumps, which had obviously been used if previous years. It is therefore evident that Ospreys have bred on Lake Taldukelj over a number of years. We discovered a second breeding site on 05 July 2009 on the edge of a high plateau some 20 km to the east of Ust’- Ulagan (fig. 3). There are five large lakes on this wooded plateau at elevations of 1,608 to 1,678 m a.s.l. They are shallow and very rich in fish (Arctic Grayling Thymallus arcti- cus). The breeding site was however not located on the lakes, but some distance away in the taiga on the northern slope of the Kabak Tajga Massif. The northern slopes of this 2,300 m high massif are densely covered with spruce (Picea obo- vata), larch and Swiss pine. The nest was on the lower slope at an elevation of some 1,700 m, also built on a dead tree (larch ñêîï îêàçàëñÿ ñíîâà çàíÿòûì ïòèöàìè! Ïðè or Swiss pine) at a height of some 16 m ïîâòîðíîì âèçèòå íà ïëàòî â 2003 ã. 20 (fig. 3–5). Both adult birds were at the nest èþëÿ ìû ñíîâà îáíàðóæèëè çàíÿòîå ñêîïà- at the time we found it. One lay deep in ìè ãíåçäî íà þæíîì áåðåãó îç. Òàëäóêåëü. the nest cup and the other (presumably the Ýòî ãíåçäî, êàê è ïðåæíåå, ðàñïîëàãàëîñü male) was perched on the rim of the nest. òàêæå íà âåðøèíå ñëîìà ñòâîëà ëèñòâåí- The male later flew off to the nearest lake, íèöû, íà âûñîòå îêîëî 15 ì íàä çåìë¸é. Ñ Lake Uzunkelj some two km to the NNE, ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîãî áåðåãà â ãíåçäå óäàëîñü in search of food. On its return the heads èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü äâóõ ñêîï, íî, âèäèìî, of at least two small downy young, about íå ñë¸òêîâ, êàê ìû ñíà÷àëà ïîäîçðåâàëè, à two to three weeks old, appeared over the âñ¸ æå âçðîñëûõ ïòèö. Íà ñëåäóþùåå óòðî lip of the nest. The female fed the young îáå ïòèöû îñòàâèëè ãíåçäî, è îäíà èç íèõ with small morsels of food. In the evening âîçâðàùàëàñü íà íåãî ëèøü íåñêîëüêî ðàç. we climbed the slope to a height level with Íà òîì æå áåðåãó áûëè îáíàðóæåíû åù¸ the nest in order to take photographs. On äâà áîëüøèõ ãíåçäà, óñòðîåííûõ íà âåðøè- our approach the two adult birds flew off íàõ ñëîìîâ ñòâîëîâ ëèñòâåííèö, êîòîðûå, the nest calling loudly; but returned imme- î÷åâèäíî, èñïîëüçîâàëèñü ñêîïàìè â ïðåä- diately on our departure. ûäóùèå ãîäû. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ñêîïû âûâî- These breeding sites are in so far remark- äÿòñÿ íà îç. Òàëäóêåëü â òå÷åíèå ìíîãèõ ëåò. able as, since Sushkin’s (1938) reports, the Íà êðàþ âûñîêîãîðíîãî ïëàòî ïðèáëè- Osprey as breeding bird in the Altai is known çèòåëüíî â 20 êì ê âîñòîêó îò Óñòü-Óëàãàíà almost only from Lake Teletskoye. Breeding 5 èþëÿ 2009 ã. ìû îáíàðóæèëè âòîðîé has been recorded here since at least 1908 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñêîï (ðèñ. 3). Íà ýòîì with a maximum of six pairs (table 1). Ac- ëåñèñòîì ïëàòî, ñ âûñîòàìè 1608–1678 ì cording to Stacheev (2000) breeding on the íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ, èìååòñÿ ïÿòü áîëüøèõ lower Chulyshman River, as far upriver as the îç¸ð. Îíè ìåëêè è î÷åíü áîãàòû ñèáèð- confluence with the Chulcha, cannot be ex- ñêèì õàðèóñîì (Thymallus arcticus). Ãíåçäî cluded. He also observed a pair in June/July Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 171

ïòèö áûëî ðàñïîëîæåíî íå íà îçåðå, à íà in the Karakem valley on the Chulyshman íåêîòîðîì ðàññòîÿíèè îò íåãî, â òàéãå, íà plateau and found a nest on the Meshtuairy ñåâåðíîì cêëîíå ãîðíîãî ìàññèâà Êàáàê- watershed at the upper tree line boundary. Òàéãà. Ñåâåðíûå cêëîíû ýòîãî ãîðíîãî ìàñ- In 1994 an abandoned nest was found on ñèâà, âûñîòîé 2300 ì íàä óðîâíåì ìîðÿ, the upper river Lebed, also in North-Eastern ïîêðûòû ñîìêíóòûì õâîéíûì ëåñîì ñ åëüþ Altai (Kuchin & Kuchina, 1995). In North- (Picea obovata), ëèñòâåííèöåé è êåäðîì. Western Altai the Osprey bred in 1974 at Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ïîëîãîì ñêëî- Lake Tenginsky (Kuchin, 1976). In the south íå, íà âûñîòå ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî 1700 ì íàä of the Altai (Kazakhstan) several pairs nest óðîâíåì ìîðÿ è áûëî óñòðîåíî íà âåð- regularly at Lake Markakol (Izgaliyev, 1985, øèíå ñóõîãî äåðåâà (âåðîÿòíî ëèñòâåííè- 1987, Berezovikov, 1989). At the beginning öà èëè êåäð), íà âûñîòå, ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî, of the 20th Century the Osprey was even 16 ì. Îáå âçðîñëûå ïòèöû áûëè â ãíåç- more common and also bred in the Chuya äå â òî âðåìÿ, êîãäà ìû íàøëè åãî. Îäíà Steppe in South-Eastern Altai. In addition to ïòèöà ëåæàëà ãëóáîêî â ãíåçäå, à äðóãàÿ numerous breeding observations, Sushkin (ïî-âèäèìîìó, ñàìåö) ñèäåëà íà êðàþ (1938) describes 3 nests in the Chuyskaya ãíåçäà. Ñàìåö ïîçæå îòëåòàë â ïîèñêàõ Steppe and one at the confluence of the Ka- ïèùè ê áëèæàéøåìó îçåðó Óçóíêåëü, ðàñ- ragem in Central Altai in 1912 and 1914. ïîëîæåííîìó ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî â äâóõ êì ê The Osprey is in Category II of the Altai ñåâåðî-ñåâåðî-âîñòîêó îò ãíåçäà. À êîãäà Republic Red Data Book – rare species with îí âåðíóëñÿ, íàä êðàåì ãíåçäà ïîÿâèëèñü sporadic distribution (Kuchin, 1996). ãîëîâû, ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå, äâóõ ïóõîâèêîâ Reference Berezowikow, N.N. Pticy Markakoljskoj ko- tlowiny (Jushnyj Altaj). [Birds of the Markakol Depression (Southern Altai)]. Alma-Ata, 1989. 200 p. Duljkeit, G.D. O swjazjach ptic i mlekopita- juschtschich s wodnoj faunoj Teleckowo oz. – Zametki po faune i flore Sibiri. [On relationship of birds and animals with water fauna of the Teletskoe Lake. – Records on wildlife of Siberia] Tomsk. 1953. Vol. 17. Duljkejt, G.D. Ochotnitschja fayna, wopro- cy i metody ocenki proizwoditeljnosti ochot- nitschjuich ugodij Altae-Sajanskoj gornoj tajgi. – Tr. zapowedn. „Stolby“. [The hunting fauna, problems and techniques for estimating the hunting ground productivity in the Altai-Sayan mountain taiga. – Acta of the “Stolby” Nature Reserve] Krasnojarsk. 1964. Vol. 4. Ernst, S. Zur Vogelwelt des östlichen Altai. – Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin. Bd. 68, 1992, Suppl. Ann. Ornithol., 16. S. 3–59. Ernst, S. Zweiter Beitrag zur Vogelwelt des östlichen Altai. – Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin. Bd. 72, 1996, Suppl. Ann. Ornithol., Nr. 20. S. 123–180. Folitarek, S.S., Dementiew, G.P. Pticy Altajsko- go gosudarstwennogo zapowednika. – Tr. Alta- jskogo gos. zapowedn. [Birds of the Altai State Nature Rerserve. – Acta of the Altai State Nature Reserve] 1938. Vol. 1. P. 7–91.

Ðèñ. 3. Ãíåçäîâîé áèîòîï ñêîïû íà ñåâåðíîì ñêëîíå ãîðíîãî ìàññèâà Êàáàê-Òàéãà ê âîñòîêó îò Óñòü- Óëàãàíà (ââåðõó) è çàíÿòîå ãíåçäî ñêîïû íà âûñîòå îêîëî 16 ì íà ìåðòâîì äåðåâå (âíèçó). Ôîòî Ø. Ýðíñò è Ì. Ëèíäíåð. Fig. 3. Breeding habitat of the Osprey on the northern slope of the Kabak Tajga Massif to the east of Ust’- Ulagan (upper) and occupied Osprey nest at a height of some 16 m on a dead tree (bottom). Photos by S. Ernst and M. Lindner. 172 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

Òàáë. 1. Íàáëþäåíèÿ ñêîïû â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä áëèç Òåëåöêîãî îçåðà. Grashdan, K.W., K.W. Toporow & W.S. Shukow Table 1. Osprey breeding occurrences at Lake Teletskoye. (1999): Redkije pticy predgorno-nizkogornych landschaftow Sewero-Wostotschnogo Altaja. Ãîä Ñîáûòèå Èñòî÷íèê – Osobo ochranjaetye prirodnye territorii Alta- Year Event Source jskogo kraja i sopredeljnych regionow, taktika sochranennija widowogo raznoobrazija i geno- 1908 Ñàìåö äîáûò ó ãíåçäà áëèç óñòüÿ Hesse (1913) fonda. Tez. dokl. k konf. [Rare birds of piedmont ×óëûøìàíà 16 èþíÿ and low mountainous landscapes of the North- Male collected at nest near the Eastern Altai. – Protected Areas of the Altai Kray Chulyshman river confluence on and adjacent regions, tactics of biodiversity and 16 June gene pool conservation. Conf. Proceedings] Bar- 1912 1 îñîáü íà ñåâåðíîì áåðåãó Sushkin (1938) naul, 1999. P. 92–94. 14–16 èþëÿ Hesse, E. Ubersicht einer Vogelsammlung aus 1 ind. on north shore 14–16 July dem Altai. – Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin. Bd. 6, 1913. S. 353–454. 1935 Ðàçëè÷íûå íàáëþäåíèÿ â èþëå è Folitarek & Dementiev Izgaliev, B.I. Ekologija skopy na ozere Marka- àâãóñòå (1938) kolj. – Ornitologija. [Breeding biology of the Several observations in July and Osprey on the Markakol Lake. – Ornithology.] August 1985. Vol. 20. P. 125–128. 1948 3 ïàðû / 3 pairs Duljkeyt (1953, 1964) Izgaliew, B.I. Pitanie skopy na oz. Markakolj. – Ornitologija. [Osprey’s diet on the Markakol 1963 Ðåãóëÿðíûå íàáëþäåíèÿ ìåæäó Ravkin (1973) Lake – Ornithology.] 1987. Vol. 22. S. 210–211. ïîñ. Àðòûáàø è óñòüåì ð. Ñàìûø, Kutschin, A.P. Pticy Altaja. [Birds of Altai] Bar- à òàêæå â çàëèâå Êàìãà naul, 1976. 232 p. Regular observations between Kutschin, A.P. Skopa. – Krasnaja kniga Respub- Artybash village and Samysh river lika Altaj: Shiwotnye. [Osprey. – Red Data Book confluence as well as in Kamga Bay of the Altai Republic: Animals]. Nowosibirsk, 1970s Ðàçìíîæåíèå â óñòüå ð. Êûãà, Stacheev (2000) 1996. P. 121–122. âîçìîæíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå â óñòüÿõ Kutschin, A.P. & N.A. Kutschina Nowyje mate- ðð. Ñàìûø, Îéåð, Êîëäîð è rialy po rasprostraneniju, tschislennosti i ekologii ×åëþø redkich ptic Gornogo Altaja.– Materialy k Krasnoj Breeding at confluence with the knigje Respubliki Altaj (shiwotnyje) [New records Kyga river; breeding also possible on distribution, number and breeding biology of at the confluences of the Samysh, rare birds of the Mountain Altai. – Records to the Oyer, Koldor and at Chelyush rivers Red Data Book of the Republic of Altai]. Gorno- 1977 Íîâîå çàíÿòîå ãíåçäî â çàëèâå Stacheev (2000) Altajskij gosudarstw. universitet: Gorno-Altajsk, Êàìãà 6 ìàÿ 1995. P. 40–43. Maleschin, N.A. Nowye dannye o redkich pti- New nest occupied in Kamga Bay cach w Altajskom zapowednike i na prileshaschts- on 6 May chich territorijach. – Istschezajuschtschie, redkie i 1978 Íîâîå çàíÿòîå ãíåçäî â çàëèâå Stacheev (2000) slabojzutschennye rastenija i shiwotnye Altajsko- Êàìãà 29 àïðåëÿ go kraj i problemy ich ochrany: Tez. dokl. k konf. New nest occupied in Kamga Bay [New data on rare birds in the Altai Nature Re- on 29 April serve and adjacent territoires. – Endangered, rare 1979 Î÷åíü ñòàðîå çàíÿòîå ãíåçäî â Stacheev (2000) and insufficiently known plants and animals of the çàëèâå Êàìãà 30 àïðåëÿ Altai Kray and problems of their protection. Conf. An older nest occupied in Kamga Proceedings] Barnaul, 1987. P. 87–88. Bay on 30 April Mitrofanow, O.B. Materialy po redkym widam ptic Altajskogo gosudarstwennogo zapowedni- 1985/86 Òðè ïàðû åæåãîäíî Maleshin (1987) ka. – Materialy k Krasnoj knigje Respubliki Altaj Three pairs each year (shiwotnyje). [Data on the rare bird species of 1990 1 îñîáü â óñòüå ×óëûøìàíà 26 Ernst (1992) the Altai State Nature Reserve. – Records to the èþíÿ Red Data Book of the Republic of Altai].Gorno- 1 ind. at the Chulyshman river Altajskij gosudarstwennyje universitet: Gorno- confluence on 26 June Altajsk, 1995. P. 43–52. Rawkin, J.S. Pticy Sewero-Wostotschnogo Al- 1993 6 ïàð / 6 pairs Mitrofanov (1995) taja. [Birds of the North-Eastern Altai]. Nowosi- 1998 1 îñîáü 29 ìàÿ Grasdan et al. (1999) birsk, 1973. 376 p. 1 ind. on 29 May Stachejew, W.A. Pticy Altajskogo zapowedni- ka. [Birds of the Altai State Nature Reserve]. Schuschenskoje, 2000. 189 p. ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî äâóõ-òð¸õíåäåëüíîãî âîç- Suschkin, P.P. Pticy Sowetskogo Altaja i prile- ðàñòà. Ñàìêà êîðìèëà ïòåíöîâ ìàëåíüêèìè shaschtschich tschastej Sewero-Zapadnoj Mon- êóñî÷êàìè ïèùè. Âå÷åðîì ìû ïîäíÿëèñü golii. [Birds of the Soviet Altai and adjacent terri- íà ñêëîí íà óðîâåíü ãíåçäà, ÷òîáû ñôîòî- tories of the North-Western Mongolia]. Moskwa, ãðàôèðîâàòü ïòèö. Ïðè íàøåì ïðèáëèæå- Leningrad, 1938. T. 1. 316 p. T. 2. 434 p. Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 173

íèè äâå âçðîñëûõ ïòèöû îñòàâèëè ãíåçäî ñ Âîñòî÷íîì Àëòàå (Êó÷èí, Êó÷èíà, 1995).  ãðîìêèìè êðèêàìè, íî âîçâðàòèëèñü ñðàçó Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíîì Àëòàå ñêîïà ðàçìíîæà- æå ïîñëå íàøåãî îòúåçäà. ëàñü â 1974 ã. íà Òåíüãèíñêîì îçåðå (Êó- Ýòè ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñêîïû çàìå÷àòåëü- ÷èí, 1976). Íà þãå Àëòàÿ (â Êàçàõñòàíå) íû òåì, ÷òî èçîëèðîâàíû îò ìåñò îñíîâíî- ãí¸çäà ðàçíûõ ïàð èçâåñòíû íà îç. Ìàð- ãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âèäà íà Àëòàå. êàêîëü (Èçãàëèåâ, 1985, 1987; Áåðåçîâè- Ï.Ï. Ñóøêèí (1938) íàáëþäàë ñêîïó íà êîâ, 1989).  íà÷àëå ÕÕ ñòîëåòèÿ ñêîïà ãíåçäîâàíèè ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî íà áûëà áîëåå îáû÷íîé è ãíåçäèëàñü äàæå Òåëåöêîì îçåðå. Çäåñü íàáëþäàëîñü äî 6 ïàð â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè â Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîì Àëòàå. ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå ñ 1908 ã. (òàáë. 1). Â.À. Ñòà-  äîïîëíåíèè ê ìíîãî÷èñëåííûì íàáëþ- õååâ (2000) íàáëþäàë ñêîïó â ãíåçäîâîé äåíèÿì Ï.Ï. Ñóøêèí (1938) îïèñûâàåò ïåðèîä íà ð. ×óëûøìàí, âïëîòü äî óñòüÿ 3 ãíåçäà ñêîï â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè è îäíî â ×óëü÷è, ãäå å¸ ãíåçäîâàíèå íå èñêëþ÷åíî. óñòüå ð. Êàðàãåì â Öåíòðàëüíîì Àëòàå â Îí òàêæå íàáëþäàë ïàðó â èþíå-èþëå â 1912 è 1914 ãã. äîëèíå ð. Êàðàêåì íà ×óëûøìàíñêîì íà-  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ ñêîïà â Ðåñïóáëèêå ãîðüå è îáíàðóæèë ãíåçäî íà âîäîðàçäå- Àëòàé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåäêîé íà ãíåçäîâàíèè, ëå Ìóøòóàéðû ó âåðõíåé ãðàíèöû ëåñà.  ñïîðàäè÷åñêè ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííîé ïòèöåé 1994 ã. ïóñòóþùåå ãíåçäî ñêîïû áûëî îá- è âíåñåíà â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ðåñïóáëèêè â íàðóæåíî â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Ëåáåäü â Ñåâåðî- êàòåãîðèè 2 (Êó÷èí, 1996).

NewDataonVulturesoftheAltaiMountains,Russia НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ПАДАЛЬЩИКАХ АЛТАЯ, РОССИЯ KaryakinI.V.(CenterofFieldStudies,N.Novgorod,Russia) NikolenkoE.G.(NGOSiberianEnvironmentalCenter,Novosibirsk,Russia) VazhovS.V.(AltaiStateUniversity,Barnaul,Russia) BekmansurovR.H.(NP"NizhnyayaKama",Elabuga,Russia) Карякин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н. Новгород, Россия) Николенко Э.Г. (МБОО «Сибирский экологический центр», Новосибирск, Россия) Важов С.В. (Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия) Бекмансуров Р.Х. (Национальный парк «Нижняя Кама», Елабуга, Россия)

 2009 ã. ñ 15 ìàÿ ïî 21 èþëÿ ýêñïåäèöèîí- Since 15 May to 21 July and 9 to 20 Sep- íîé ãðóïïîé Öåíòðà ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé tember 2009 we registered during sur- è Ñèáèðñêîãî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî öåíòðà ïîñå- veys in Altai Mountains 61 Black Vulture ùàëèñü ðàíåå îáñëåäîâàííûå òåððèòîðèè (Aegypius monachus), 6 Himalayan Grif- â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (ñðåäíåå òå÷å- fon (Gyps himalayensis), 1 Griffon Vul- íèå ð. ×àðûø è ð. Àíóé, à òàêæå èõ íàèáî- ture (Gyps fulvus), 4 Griffon, which spe- ëåå êðóïíûå ïðèòîêè) è Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé cies could not be identified (Gyps sp.), (âåðõíåå òå÷åíèå ð. Àíóé, Óñòü-Êàíñêàÿ êîò- and 6 Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus) ëîâèíà, äîëèíà ð. Åëî, Êóðàéñêàÿ è ×óéñêàÿ in 4 breeding territories (fig. 1). We dis- ñòåïè), à òàêæå ðàíåå íå îáñëåäîâàâøèåñÿ covered nests of Black Vultures (in the òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (ñðåäíåå òå÷å- Tarkhata river on 8 July) and Lammer- íèå ð. Ïåñ÷àíîé è å¸ ëåâîáåðåæíûå ïðèòî- geiers (upper reaches of the Zhumaly êè, ñåâåðî-çàïàäíàÿ ÷àñòü Ñåìèíñêîãî õðåá- river on 10 July). òà) è Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé (âåðõíåå òå÷åíèå Breeding territories of the Lammer- ðåê Ïåñ÷àíàÿ, Àíóé è äîëèíà åãî ïðèòîêà, geier were found in the south-eastern ð. Êàðàêîë, çàïàäíàÿ ÷àñòü Óñòü-Êàíñêîé êîò- part of the South-Chuya Mountains and ëîâèíû, Àáàéñêàÿ è Óéìîíñêàÿ ñòåïè, íèæ- in the east of the Ukok Plateau. Distances íåå òå÷åíèå ð. Êîêñà è äîëèíû å¸ ïðèòîêîâ between territories in the South-Chuya Êàðàãàé è Áàííàÿ, äîëèíà Êàòóíè âäîëü ×óé- Mountains were 9.3, 12 and 16.5 km, the ñêîãî òðàêòà îò óñòüÿ ð. ×óÿ äî óñòüÿ ð. Áîë. density was 0.5/100 km2. Also we found Èëüãóìåíü, äîëèíû ðåê Òàðõàòà, Äæàçàòîð, 2 breeding territories in the Ukok Plateau, Êàëãóòû, âåðõíåå òå÷åíèå ðåê Àê-Àëàõà è the distance between them was 9.2 km. Àðãóò). Îñåíüþ 2009 ã., ñ 9 ïî 20 ñåíòÿáðÿ, Nests was discovered in only territory. 174 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

Êîíòàêò: ïîâòîðíî ïîñåùàëèñü òåððèòîðèè ïðåäãî- Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí ðèé Àëòàÿ (äîëèíà ðåê ×àðûø è Àíóé), äî- Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ëèíà ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ è äîëèíà å¸ ïðèòîêà – ð. 603000 Ðîññèÿ Øèâåðòà, Óñòü-Êàíñêàÿ êîòëîâèíà, à òàêæå Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä îêðåñòíîñòè Êîø-Àãà÷à (×óéñêàÿ ñòåïü).  óë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17 õîäå ðàáîòû âñòðå÷åíû 61 ãðèô (Aegypius òåë.: +7 831 433 38 47 [email protected] monachus), 6 êóìàåâ (Gyps himalayensis), 1 ñèï (Gyps fulvus), 4 ñèïà èëè êóìàÿ, îïðåäå- Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ëèòü êîòîðûõ äî âèäà íå óäàëîñü, è 6 áîðî- ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé äà÷åé (Gypaetus barbatus) (ðèñ. 1). Íàéäåíû ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» 630090 Ðîññèÿ ãí¸çäà ãðèôà è áîðîäà÷à. Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 òåë: +7 383 363 00 59 Ãðèô (Aegypius monachus) Ãðèô (Aegypius monachus) áëèç Òàðõàòèíñêîãî îçåðà. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. [email protected] Ãíåçäîâàíèå ãðèôà â ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) near Ñåðãåé Âàæîâ óñòàíîâëåíî òîëüêî ïî ïåðèôåðèè ×óéñêîé Tarkhatinskoe Lake. Photo by I. Karyakin. àñïèðàíò Àëòàéñêîãî ñòåïè (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2009). Íà îñòàëüíûõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî òåððèòîðèÿõ ãðèôû ðåãóëÿðíî îòìå÷àþòñÿ ìîãèëüíèêîâ, 7 èç êîòîðûõ áûëè ñë¸òêàìè óíèâåðñèòåòà â òå÷åíèå ëåòà, ñîáèðàÿñü ãðóïïàìè íà ïàäà- 659300 Ðîññèÿ ýòîãî è ïðîøëîãî ãîäîâ.  ýòîé æå òî÷êå, íà Áèéñê, à/ÿ 25 ëè, íî íå ãíåçäÿòñÿ. íåçíà÷èòåëüíîì ðàññòîÿíèè îò ýòîé ãðóïïû òåë.: +7 3854 357 252  ñåçîí 2009 ã. âûÿâëåí íîâûé ãíåçäîâîé ïòèö, íàä õðåáòîì íàáëþäàëàñü ïàðà áåð- [email protected] ó÷àñòîê ãðèôîâ â äîëèíå ð. Òàðõàòà – 8 èþëÿ êóòîâ (Aquila chrysaetos). À 20 ñåíòÿáðÿ ó íà ñêàëàõ ëåâîáåðåæüÿ äîëèíû, â 7 êì âûøå Ðèíóð Áåêìàíñóðîâ Êîø-Àãà÷à ãðèô êðóæèë îäíîâðåìåííî ñî Íàöèîíàëüíûé ïàðê âûõîäà èç óùåëüÿ â ×óéñêóþ ñòåïü, îáíà- ñòåïíûìè îðëàìè – âçðîñëîé ïòèöåé è òðå- «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà» ðóæåíî ïóñòóþùåå ãíåçäî ãðèôà, êîòîðîå ìÿ ñë¸òêàìè. 423600 Ðîññèÿ ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà âåðøèíå 10-ìåòðîâîãî Òàòàðñòàí, ã. Åëàáóãà ñêàëüíîãî óñòóïà â 100 ì íàä ðåêîé.  ãíåçäå ïð. Íåôòÿíèêîâ, 175 Êóìàé (Gyps himalayensis) è áåëîãîëî- òåë.: +7 85557 433 56 îáíàðóæåíû ëèøü ïîãàäêè è ëèííûå ïåðüÿ. âûé ñèï (Gyps fulvus) [email protected] Ñëåäîâ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ â òåêóùèé ñåçîí íå âû-  Àëòàéñêîì êðàå 26 ìàÿ íà ïåðåâàëå ÿâëåíî, âûñòèëêà ãíåçäà íå îáíîâëÿëàñü. ìåæäó ðåêàìè Òèøêà è Òèõàÿ â ëåâîáåðåæüå Contact: Íåðàçìíîæàþùèåñÿ ïòèöû â 2009 ã. íà- Igor Karyakin Center of Field Studies áëþäàëèñü â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå â øåñòè ïóíêòàõ Korolenko str., 17a–17 (20 ìàÿ íàä ä. Ñàðàñà – 2 îñîáè, 22 ìàÿ â Nizhniy Novgorod âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Êóÿãàí ïîä ñêëîíîì ׸ðíîãî 603000 Russia õð. – 1 îñîáü, 26 ìàÿ íà ïåðåâàëå ìåæäó tel.: +7 831 433 38 47 [email protected] ðåêàìè Òèøêà è Òèõàÿ â ëåâîáåðåæüå Ïåñ÷à- íîé – 2 îñîáè, 2 èþíÿ íàä äîëèíîé ð. Áàùå- Elvira Nikolenko ëàê ó ñ. Ìàë. Áàùåëàê – 4 îñîáè) è â Ðåñïóá- NGO Siberian ëèêå Àëòàé â 9 ïóíêòàõ (6 èþíÿ â âåðõîâüÿõ Environmental Center P.O. Box 547 ð. ×èì÷àêà â 8 êì îò ñ. ׸ðíûé Àíóé – 5 Êóìàé (Gyps himalayensis) â äîëèíå Àíóÿ. Novosibirsk îñîáåé, 7 èþíÿ íàä ã. Ìàðàãäà áëèç ñ. ׸ð- Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. 630090 Russia íûé Àíóé – 1 îñîáü, â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. ×åðãà â tel.: +7 383 363 00 59 4 êì îò ñ. ׸ðíûé Àíóé – 1 îñîáü, 17 èþíÿ Himalayan Griffon Vulture (Gyps himalayensis) in the [email protected] Anuy river valley. Photo by I. Karyakin. â Àáàéñêîé ñòåïè áëèç ñ. Òàëäà – 4 îñîáè, 24 Sergey Vazhov èþíÿ íàä äîëèíîé Ïåñ÷àíîé áëèç ñ. Áàðàãàø Altai State University – 3 îñîáè, 8 èþëÿ â äîëèíå ð. Òàðõàòà áëèç P.O. Box 25, Biysk ñòàðîãî ãíåçäà – 1 îñîáü, 9 èþëÿ ó îç. Òàð- 659300 Russia tel.: +7 3854 357 252 õàòèíñêîå – 4 îñîáè, â íèçîâüÿõ ð. Óñàé – [email protected] 5 îñîáåé, 11 èþëÿ â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Êàëãóòû âûøå çàñòàâû – 5 îñîáåé, 11 ñåíòÿáðÿ â âåð- Rinur Bekmansurov õîâüÿõ ð. Øèâåðòà ïåðåä ïåðåâàëîì â Êàí- National Park “Nizhnyaya Kama” ñêóþ êîòëîâèíó – 22 îñîáè è 20 ñåíòÿáðÿ ó Neftyanikov str., 175 ï. Êîø-Àãà÷ – 1 îñîáü). Elabuga Íàäî îòìåòèòü, ÷òî íåðàçìíîæàþùèåñÿ Republic of Tatarstan ïòèöû ÷àñòî íàáëþäàëèñü âìåñòå ñ ìîëîäû- 423600 Russia tel.: +7 85557 433 56 ìè îðëàìè – ñòåïíûìè (Aquila nipalensis) è [email protected] ìîãèëüíèêàìè (Aquila heliaca). Òàê, 11 ñåíòÿ- Ñèï (Gyps fulvus) â ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè Àíóÿ. áðÿ â îäíîì ìåñòå íàä ëåòíèì ëàãåðåì ñêî- Ôîòî Ë. Êîíîâàëîâà. òà ïåðåä ïåðåâàëîì â Êàíñêóþ êîòëîâèíó, Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) in the Anuy river middle íàðÿäó ñ 22-ìÿ ãðèôàìè, áûëè îòìå÷åíû 9 reaches. Photo by L. Konovalov. Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 175

ëèøü äëÿ Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîãî Àëòàÿ. Çäåñü ïòèöû ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà õðåáòàõ ×èõà÷¸âà, Ñàéëþãåì è Þæíî-×óéñêîì. Ê ýòèì æå õðåáòàì îòíî- ñèòñÿ áîëüøèíñòâî âñòðå÷ ïòèö â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä. Äëÿ Ñàéëþãåìà è Þæíî-×óéñêîãî õðåáòîâ ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ íàëè÷èå 24 ãíåçäî- âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áîðîäà÷åé, íà 6-òè èç êîòîðûõ ïîäòâåðæäåíî ïðèñóòñòâèå ïòèö â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä, â òîì ÷èñëå äëÿ 4-õ ó÷àñòêîâ äîêàçà- íî ãíåçäîâàíèå (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2009). Íà þæíîì ìàêðîñêëîíå Þæíî-×óéñêîãî õðåáòà â ñåçîí 2009 ã. ïðîèçîøëè äâå âñòðå- ÷è ñ áîðîäà÷àìè. Óòðîì 15 èþëÿ âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà ñ õàðàêòåðíûì äåìîíñòðàöèîííûì ïîâåäåíèåì ïàðèëà íàä ãîðîé 3092 ì â ñðåäíåì òå÷åíèè ð. Àþóò. Çäåñü âåñüìà âå- ðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå áîðîäà÷à êàê íà ñêàëü- íûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ êàðîâ, òàê è íà ñêàëàõ êà- íüîíà ð. Òàðà. Äàííàÿ òî÷êà ðåãèñòðàöèè âèäà ëåæèò â 9,3 êì îò ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà áîðîäà÷åé â óùåëüå Êîêîçåêà è â 12 êì îò ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà â óùåëüå Èðáèñòó. Âå÷åðîì ýòîãî æå äíÿ ïàðà áîðîäà÷åé íà- áëþäàëàñü íàä ñêàëàìè êàðà â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Àêáóë. Íà ñêàëàõ íàáëþäàëèñü õàðàê- òåðíûå ïðèñàäû áîðîäà÷åé, ÷òî óêàçûâàåò íà òî, ÷òî ãíåçäîâàíèå ïòèö çäåñü áîëåå ÷åì âåðîÿòíî. Äàííûé ó÷àñòîê óäàë¸í íà 16,5 êì îò ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà áîðîäà÷åé â äîëèíå ð. Èðáèñòó. Ó÷èòûâàÿ íîâûå íà- õîäêè áîðîäà÷à íà Þæíî-×óéñêîì õðåáòå, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî íà þãî-âîñòî÷íîé îêîíå÷íîñòè õðåáòà âûÿâëåíû âñå ó÷àñòêè âèäà. Ïëîòíîñòü äëÿ äàííîé òåððèòîðèè (800 êì2) ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,5 ïàðû/100 êì2 è, âèäèìî, îíà õàðàêòåðíà äëÿ âñåé òåððèòî- ðèè õðåáòà. Äëÿ ïëîñêîãîðüÿ Óêîê äî ïîñëåäíåãî Ðèñ. 1. Êàðòà âñòðå÷ ïàäàëüùèêîâ â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ â 2009 ã. Òî÷êè âñòðå÷ ðàíæè- âðåìåíè îïóáëèêîâàííîé èíôîðìàöèè î ðîâàíû ïî âèäàì (ââåðõó) è ÷èñëåííîñòè ïòèö â ãðóïïàõ (âíèçó). âñòðå÷àõ áîðîäà÷à íå áûëî, ïîýòîìó ýòà Fig. 1. Map of Vulture records in the Altai Mountains in 2009. Points of records were ranged by species (upper) and numbers of birds in groups (bottom). òåððèòîðèÿ âûïàëà èç ðàñ÷åòà åãî ÷èñëåí- íîñòè, â òî æå âðåìÿ ñêàëüíûå ìàññèâû â Ïåñ÷àíîé âñòðå÷åí 1 ìîëîäîé êóìàé âìåñòå ñ ãðèôàìè.  Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé 6 èþíÿ â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. ×èì÷àêà, â 8 êì îò ñ. ׸ðíûé Àíóé, íàáëþäàëèñü 3 ìîëîäûõ êóìàÿ è 1 áå- ëîãîëîâûé ñèï âìåñòå ñ ãðèôàìè íà ïàäàëè, 7 èþíÿ íàä ã. Ìàðàãäà, áëèç ñ. ׸ðíûé Àíóé, âñòðå÷åíû 3 ñèïà, íåîïðåäåë¸ííûõ äî âèäà, âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî, ÷òî êóìàè, 17 èþíÿ â Àáàéñêîé ñòåïè, áëèç ñ. Òàëäà, òàêæå 1 ñèï, íå îïðåäåë¸ííûé äî âèäà, ïàðèë íà áîëüøîé âûñîòå, 9 èþëÿ â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Òàðõàòà âñòðå- ÷åí 1 ìîëîäîé êóìàé, â íèçîâüÿõ ð. Óñàé – 1 ìîëîäîé êóìàé âìåñòå ñ ãðèôàìè. Áîðîäà÷ (Gypaetus barbatus) áëèç ãíåçäà â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Æóìàëû. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî. Áîðîäà÷ (Gypaetus barbatus) Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus) near the nest in the  ñîâðåìåííûé ïåðèîä â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àë- upper reaches of the Zhumaly river. òàé ãíåçäîâàíèå áîðîäà÷à ïîäòâåðæäåíî Photo by E. Nikolenko. 176 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

ìîíñòðàòèâíûå ïîë¸òû íàä íàáëþäàòåëÿìè è ïåðèîäè÷åñêè ïðèñàæèâàëèñü íà ñòåíó íàä âòîðîé ãíåçäîâîé ïîñòðîéêîé. Âîçìîæíî ãíåçäîâàíèå áîðîäà÷à â êàðàõ â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Àêêîëü (ïðàâûé ïðèòîê ð. Àê-Àëàõà), óäà- ë¸ííûõ îò ïðåäûäóùåãî ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà áîðîäà÷åé íà 9,2 êì. Äàííûé ó÷àñòîê íå îáñëåäîâàëñÿ, îäíàêî 12 èþëÿ çäåñü íàáëþ- äàëàñü âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà, âåðîÿòíî ñàìåö, ñóäÿ ïî òåëîñëîæåíèþ. Áîðîäà÷ ïîÿâèëñÿ íàä ãîðîé 3125 ì, íà âîäîðàçäåëå ðåê Àêêîëü è Àðãàìäæè (ïðàâûé ïðèòîê Êàëãóòû), ïðî- ëåòåë íàä ïëîñêîãîðüåì ê ñîïêàì ïðàâîáå- ðåæüÿ Êàëãóòû (ãîðà 2683), íàä êîòîðûìè, ïîêðóæèâ íåêîòîðîå âðåìÿ, ñêðûëñÿ çà ãî- Ãíåçäîâàÿ ñêàëà áîðî- âîñòî÷íîé ÷àñòè ïëîñêîãîðüÿ è îáðàìëÿþ- ðàìè íåñêîëüêî âîñòî÷íåå ïåð. Êàðñóëó. äà÷åé. ùèå ñ þãà Áåðòåêñêóþ êîòëîâèíó ÿâëÿþòñÿ Õàðàêòåðíûå ïðèñàäû áîðîäà÷à îáíàðó- Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. èäåàëüíûìè ìåñòàìè äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âèäà. æåíû íà ñêàëàõ óùåëèé Àðãàìäæè (ëåâûé Nesting cliff of the Çäåñü 10 èþëÿ íà ñêàëàõ êàðà â âåðõîâüÿõ ïðèòîê ð. Êàëãóòû) ïîä ã. Àðãàìäæè 11 èþëÿ, Lammergeier. ð. Æóìàëû, áëèç ïåðåâàëà Ò¸ïëûé êëþ÷, âû- íî çäåñü áîðîäà÷åé íàáëþäàòü íå ïîñ÷àñòëè- Photo by I. Karyakin. ÿâëåí ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê áîðîäà÷åé, íà êî- âèëîñü, ò.ê. èç-çà íåäîñòàòêà âðåìåíè ïðîé- òîðîì îáíàðóæåíû 2 ãíåçäîâûå ïîñòðîéêè. òè óùåëüå äî ñêàë íå óäàëîñü. Ïåðâàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ïîñòðîéêà ñòàðàÿ, êîòî- Èäåàëüíûå ãíåçäîâûå áèîòîïû áîðîäà- ðàÿ ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ çàíèìàëàñü áàëîáàíîì ÷åé ðàñïîëîæåíû ïî ïåðèôåðèè ã. ×îëîê- (Falco cherrug), ðàñïîëàãàëàñü â íèæíåé ÷à- ×àä (3217) â óùåëüÿõ Êàðà-×àä, ×îëîê-×àä ñòè îòâåñíîé 100-ìåòðîâîé ñòåíû êàðà, íà è Áåòñó-Êàíàñ, íî îíè äî ñèõ ïîð íå îá- âûñîòå 16 ì, íà ñêîëå ñêàëû ïîä íàâåñîì. ñëåäîâàíû. Âòîðàÿ ïîñòðîéêà – ñóäÿ ïî îáèëèþ ïîì¸òà è ïîâåäåíèþ ïòèö, âåðîÿòíî, æèëîå ãíåçäî Ëèòåðàòóðà Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Êîíîâàëîâ Ë.È., Ãðàáîâñêèé Ì.À., – íå ïðîñìàòðèâàëàñü ñíèçó, áûëà óñòðîåíà Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã. Ïàäàëüùèêè Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîãî ðå- â íèøå â íèæíåé òðåòè ñòåíû êàðà, íà âûñî- ãèîíà. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2009. òå 60 ì. Îáå âçðîñëûå ïòèöû ñîâåðøàëè äå- ¹15. C. 37–65.

FirstRecordoftheLong-LeggedBuzzardintheAltaiMountains, Russia ПЕРВАЯ ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ ВСТРЕЧА КУРГАННИКА НА АЛТАЕ, РОССИЯ KaryakinI.V.(CenterofFieldStudies,N.Novgorod,Russia) NikolenkoE.G.(NGOSiberianEnvironmentalCenter,Novosibirsk,Russia) VazhovS.V.(AltaiStateUniversity,Barnaul,Russia) BekmansurovR.H.(NP"NizhnyayaKama",Elabuga,Russia) Карякин И.В. (Центр полевых исследований, Н. Новгород, Россия) Николенко Э.Г. (МБОО «Сибирский экологический центр», Новосибирск, Россия) Важов С.В. (Алтайский государственный университет, Барнаул, Россия) Бекмансуров Р.Х. (Национальный парк «Нижняя Кама», Елабуга, Россия)

Äî íàñòîÿùåãî âðåìåíè äîêóìåíòàëüíî The documentary confirmed registrations the ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûõ ðåãèñòðàöèé êóðãàííèêà Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) has not (Buteo rufinus) â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé íå áûëî known in the Republic of Altai till now. èçâåñòíî. Èìåþùèåñÿ â ëèòåðàòóðå ñâåäå- In the Republic of Altai during surveys in íèÿ î âñòðå÷àõ êóðãàííèêîâ (Áîãîìîëîâ, 2000–2009 we discovered 117 breeding Èãíàòåíêî, 2008; Öûáóëèí, 2009) îñíîâà- territory of the Upland Buzzard, investigat- íû íà âèçóàëüíîì íàáëþäåíèè ïòèö â Þãî- ed 160 chicks. Using photo and video tape Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 177

Êîíòàêò: Âîñòî÷íîì Àëòàå, ïëîòíî íàñåë¸ííîì ìîõ- footage we identified species of 296 adult Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí íîíîãèì êóðãàííèêîì (Buteo hemilasius), birds accurately. Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé è íå èñêëþ÷àþò îøèáêè. Ñâåòëàÿ ìîðôà During all surveys the Long-Legged Buz- òåë.: +7 831 433 38 47 ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàííèêà äîñòàòî÷íî øè- zard was not observed, and as actually it [email protected] ðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíà íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé was not possible to reveal signs of hybridi- òåððèòîðèè.  ñâÿçè ñ èçâåñòíîé ñëîæíî- zation the Long-Legged Buzzard and Up- Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ñòüþ îòëè÷èÿ ìîõíîíîãèõ êóðãàííèêîâ land Buzzard at investigated chicks. ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» ñâåòëîé ìîðôû ñ íåîïåðåííîé öåâêîé îò In the Chuyskaya steppe in vicinities of the òåë.: +7 383 363 00 59 îáûêíîâåííûõ êóðãàííèêîâ, â îñîáåííî- Beltir new village in 7 km to the southwest [email protected] ñòè ñë¸òêîâ (Êàðÿêèí, 2008), âñå âñòðå÷è from Kosh-Agach an electrocuted juvenile Ñåðãåé Âàæîâ êóðãàííèêà â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ òðåáóþò äîêó- of the Long-Legged Buzzard was found un- àñïèðàíò Àëòàéñêîãî ìåíòàëüíîãî ïîäòâåðæäåíèÿ – íà ôîòî è der an electric pole hazardous for birds on ãîñóäàðñòâåííîãî óíè- âèäåî äîëæíû áûòü ÷¸òêî âèäíû ëèöåâàÿ 19 July 2009. âåðñèòåòà ñòîðîíà öåâêè è õâîñò. òåë.: +7 3854 357 252 [email protected] Íàìè çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé ñ 2000 ïî 2009 ãã. â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé âûÿâëåíî 117 Ðèíóð Áåêìàíñóðîâ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîõíîíîãèõ êóðãàí- Íàöèîíàëüíûé ïàðê íèêîâ, îñìîòðåíî 160 ïòåíöîâ, ïî ôîòî «Íèæíÿÿ Êàìà» òåë.: +7 85557 433 56 è âèäåî ÷¸òêî èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíà âèäî- [email protected] âàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü 296 âçðîñëûõ ïòèö. Êóðãàííèêà çà âåñü ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé Contact: íàáëþäàòü íå óäàëîñü, êàê, ñîáñòâåííî, Igor Karyakin Center of Field Studies íå óäàëîñü âûÿâèòü è ñëåäû ãèáðèäèçàöèè tel.: +7 831 433 38 47 îáûêíîâåííîãî è ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàí- [email protected] íèêîâ ïðè îñìîòðå ïòåíöîâ, õîòÿ äàííîå ÿâëåíèå ÷àñòî íàáëþäàåòñÿ íà âîñòîêå Êà- Elvira Nikolenko NGO Siberian çàõñòàíà (Pfander, Schmigalew, 2001; íàøè Environmental Center äàííûå). tel.: +7 383 363 00 59  ×óéñêîé ñòåïè íà îêðàèíå íîâîãî ïîñ. [email protected] Áåëüòèð, â 7 êì ê þãî-çàïàäó îò ñ. Êîø- Sergey Vazhov Àãà÷, 19 èþëÿ 2009 ã. òðóï ñë¸òêà îáûêíî- Altai State University âåííîãî êóðãàííèêà îáíàðóæåí ïîä îïî- tel.: +7 3854 357 252 ðîé ïòèöåîïàñíîé ËÝÏ. Ðàçìåðû ïòèöû [email protected] Êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus), ïîãèáøèé íà ËÝÏ â áûëè ñëåäóþùèå (ìì): êðûëî – 458, õâîñò ×óéñêîé ñòåïè. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. – 245, öåâêà – 90,3, êëþâ îò ëáà – 36,0, Rinur Bekmansurov Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) electrocuted in National Park êëþâ îò âîñêîâèöû – 24,6, êëþâ îò íîçäðè the Chuyskaya Steppe. Photo by I. Karyakin. “Nizhnyaya Kama” – 22,6, âûñîòà êëþâà – 17,2, ðàçðåç ðòà tel.: +7 85557 433 56 – 46,0. Ìàõè áûëè ïîëíîñòüþ äîðîñøèå, [email protected] ýëåìåíòû òðóáîê íå ñîõðàíèëèñü. Ó ìîõ- Dimensions of the bird were follow: (mm): íîíîãèõ êóðãàííèêîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â Þãî- wing – 458, tail – 245, tarsus – 90.3, bill Âîñòî÷íîì Àëòàå, ñë¸òêè âûëåòåëè ê ýòîìó length from forehead – 36.0, bill length from cere – 24.6, bill length from nostril – 22.6, bill height – 17.2, gape breadth – 46.0. Pri- maries and secondaries were developed without pin elements. At the same time we observed juveniles fledging in 90% of nests of Upland Buzzards breeding in South-East- ern Altai, however even juveniles fledging up to 20 July had feathers with some pin elements. Thus the dead juvenile seemed to leave the nest located more to the south of South-Eastern Altai.

Ðèñ. 1. Ìåñòî îáíàðóæåíèÿ êóðãàííèêà (Buteo rufinus) è ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàííè- êà (Buteo hemilasius) â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé. Fig. 1. The point of the Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus) record and distribution of the Upland Buzzard’s (Buteo hemilasius) breeding territories in the Republic of Altai. 178 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

Ãîëîâà (ââåðõó) è öåâêà âðåìåíè â 90% ãí¸çä, îäíàêî äàæå ó ðàíî (âíèçó) êóðãàííèêà, âûëåòåâøèõ ñë¸òêîâ äî 20 èþëÿ ñîõðàíÿþò- ïîãèáøåãî íà ËÝÏ â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè. ñÿ ýëåìåíòû òðóáîê. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòî, ìîæíî Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà. ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ïîãèáøèé ñë¸òîê âûëå- Head (upper) and òåë èç ãíåçäà, ðàñïîëàãàâøåãîñÿ çíà÷èòåëü- tarsus (bottom) of the íî þæíåå òåððèòîðèè Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîãî Long-Legged Buzzard Àëòàÿ, íàïðèìåð, íà òåððèòîðèè Êàçàõñòà- electrocuted in the íà, è â ×óéñêîé ñòåïè îêàçàëñÿ, ìèãðèðî- Chuyskaya Steppe. Photos by I. Karyakin. âàâ íà ñåâåð ïîñëå ðàñïàäà âûâîäêà.

Ëèòåðàòóðà Áîãîìîëîâ Ä.Â., Èãíàòåíêî Á.Í. Íàáëþäåíèÿ çà õèùíûìè ïòèöàìè ïëàòî Óêîê. – Èçó÷åíèå è îõðàíà õèùíûõ ïòèö Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè: Ìà- òåðèàëû V ìåæäóíàðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè ïî õèùíûì ïòèöàì Ñåâåðíîé Åâðàçèè. Èâàíîâî, 2008. Ñ. 193–195. Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ó÷èìñÿ ðàçëè÷àòü êóðãàííèêîâ. – Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð. 2008. http:// www.sibecocenter.ru/Buteo_ruf_hem1.htm Öûáóëèí Ñ.Ì. Ïòèöû Àëòàÿ: ïðîñòðàíñòâåííî- âðåìåííàÿ äèôôåðåíöèàöèÿ, ñòðóêòóðà è îðãà- íèçàöèÿ íàñåëåíèÿ. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 2009. 234 ñ. Pfander P., Schmigalew S. Umfangreiche Hybridisierung der Adler – Buteo rufinus Gretz. Und Hochlandbussarde Buteo hemilasi- us Temm. Et Schlegel. – Ornithol. Mitt. 2001. N53. P. 344–349.

InterestingFindsforNestsofHenHarrierandLong-EaredOwl intheIrkutskDistrict,Russia ИНТЕРЕСНЫЕ НАХОДКИ ГНЁЗД ПОЛЕВОГО ЛУНЯ И УШАСТОЙ СОВЫ В ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ PopovV.V.(BaikalianFieldStudyCenter"WildlifeofAsia",Irkutsk,Russia) FefelovI.V.(ScientificResearchInstituteofBiologyatIrkutskStateUniversity, Irkutsk,Russia) Попов В.В. (Байкальский центр полевых исследований «Дикая природа Азии», Иркутск, Россия) Фефелов И.В. (Научно-исследовательский институт биологии при Иркутском государственном университете, Иркутск, Россия)

Ïîëåâîé ëóíü (Ñircus cyaneus) â Èðêóò- On 3 Jun 2009, a nest of the Hen Harrier ñêîé îáëàñòè îáû÷íûé âèä, íî íàõîäêè åãî (Ñircus cyaneus) with 6 eggs was found in the ãí¸çä åäèíè÷íû. Èìååòñÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ î Irkutsk region of Irkutsk district, in the Kuda íàõîäêå äâóõ ãí¸çä â Íóêóòñêîì ðàéîíå river water catchment. Hen Harrier is a com- (Ðÿáöåâ, 1984) è ãíåçäà â ñóáàëüïèéñêîì mon breeding bird of prey in the region but ïîÿñå õð. Õàìàð-Äàáàí (À.Ô. Êîâøàðîâ, there were only three finds of its nests, likely ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå). Íàìè ãíåçäî ïîëå- due to their situating in a forest and conse- âîãî ëóíÿ ñ êëàäêîé èç 6 ÿèö îáíàðóæåíî quent problems with a searching for. The 3 èþíÿ 2009 ã. â Èðêóòñêîì ð-íå îáëà- nest was built in the forest having been fired ñòè, â äîëèíå ð. Êóäà, íà âîäîðàçäåëå å¸ years ago with single trees of larch, pine, and ëåâûõ ïðèòîêîâ – ð. Òàëüêà è ð. Êðèâîé. birch remained, at the earth, among dense Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ñòàðîé ãàðè, ãó- young trees of aspen and birch, in 0.5–1 km ñòî ïîðîñøåé ìîëîäîé îñèíîé è áåð¸çîé from a forest edge. Male and female were âûñîòîé îêîëî 2–2,5 ì, ñ îòäåëüíûìè äå- worrying and attacking the observer, coming ðåâüÿìè ëèñòâåííèöû è ñîñíû. Îíî áûëî closely up to 2–3 m. Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 179

Êîíòàêò: ïîñòðîåíî íà íåáîëüøîé ïîëÿíêå ðàçìå- In the same area, Long-Eared Owl (Asio Âèêòîð Ïîïîâ ðîì ìåíüøå êâàäðàòíîãî ìåòðà, ê êîòîðîé otus) nesting in an old nest of Common Buz- Áàéêàëüñêèé öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïðèìûêàë ó÷àñòîê ñ áîëåå ðåäêîé ïîðîñ- zard (Buteo buteo) was found though it is «Äèêàÿ ïðèðîäà Àçèè» ëüþ ïëîùàäüþ îêîëî 10 ì2. Îáíàðóæèòü usually nesting in nests of Corvidae. ïåð. Ñèáèðñêèé, 5–2 ãíåçäî óäàëîñü áëàãîäàðÿ òîìó, ÷òî áûëà Èðêóòñê 664022 çàìå÷åíà âçëåòåâøàÿ è çàáåñïîêîèâøàÿñÿ Ðîññèÿ òåë.: +7 3952 480 403 ñàìêà. Ïðè íàøåì ïðèáëèæåíèè ê ìåñòó [email protected] ðàçìåùåíèÿ ãíåçäà îíà ñòàëà ëåòàòü êðóãà- ìè ñ òðåâîæíûìè êðèêàìè, ñàìåö äåðæàë- Èãîðü Ôåôåëîâ ñÿ â îòäàëåíèè. Ïðè íàõîäêå êëàäêè ñàìêà Íàó÷íî- èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé ïðèáëèçèëàñü, ïîäëåòàÿ èíîãäà íà 3–4 ì; èíñòèòóò áèîëîãèè ïðè âñêîðå ïîñëå ýòîãî ïîÿâèëñÿ ñàìåö è òàê- Èðêóòñêîì ãîñóäàð- æå íà÷àë ëåòàòü êðóãàìè, èíîãäà êðè÷à è ñòâåííîì óíèâåðñèòåòå ïðåäïðèíèìàÿ ïîïûòêè íàïàäåíèÿ, îäèí óë. Ëåíèíà, 3, à/ÿ 24 Èðêóòñê 664003 ðàç îí ïðèáëèçèëñÿ íà 2 ì. Ïåðèîäè÷åñêè Ðîññèÿ ïòèöû ñàäèëèñü íà îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùèå äåðå- òåë.: +7 3952 243 077 âüÿ â 10–20 ì îò ãíåçäà. Ïîâåäåíèå ïîëå- [email protected] âûõ ëóíåé ó ãíåçäà áîëåå àãðåññèâíî, ÷åì Contact: ó âîñòî÷íûõ áîëîòíûõ (Circus spilonotus), Viktor Popov ãí¸çäà êîòîðûõ íàì äîâîäèëîñü íàõîäèòü Baikalian Field Study ðàíåå; âåðîÿòíî, ýòî âèäîâàÿ ÷åðòà. Òàê Center “Wildlife æå àãðåññèâíî ïîëåâûå ëóíè âåëè ñåáÿ ó Ñàìåö ïîëåâîãî ëóíÿ (Ñircus cyaneus). of Asia” Ôîòî È. Ôåôåëîâà. Sibirsky per., 5–2 ãíåçäà ñ ïòåíöàìè, îáíàðóæåííîãî îäíèì èç àâòîðîâ â 1981 ã. â Çàáàéêàëüå, â äîëè- Male of Hen Harrier (Ñircus cyaneus). Irkutsk 664022 Russia Photo by I. Fefelov. tel.: +7 3952 480 403 íå ð. Îíîí: âî âðåìÿ êîëüöåâàíèÿ ïòåíöîâ [email protected] ïðèõîäèëîñü îòìàõèâàòüñÿ îò íàïàäàþùèõ êåäðîâîãî ñòëàíèêà. Ìàëîå ÷èñëî íàõîäîê Igor Fefelov ðîäèòåëåé ïàëêîé. Ãíåçäî â äîëèíå Êóäû ãí¸çä ýòîãî âèäà îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ ñëîæíîñòüþ Scientific Research áûëî ðàñïîëîæåíî â 0,5 êì îò áëèæàéøåé èõ ïîèñêà â ëåñíûõ óñëîâèÿõ, ãäå òðóäíî Institute of Biology at ãðàíèöû ëåñà ñ äîëèííûì áîëîòîì è â 1 êì ïðîñëåäèòü ïåðåìåùåíèÿ ëóíåé. Irkutsk State University îò áëèæàéøåãî ëóãà, íî ïòèöû ìîãëè êîð- Óøàñòàÿ ñîâà (Asio otus) îáû÷íî ãíåçäèòñÿ Lenin str., 3 P.O. Box 24 ìèòüñÿ è íà ãàðè, ðàñïîëîæåííîé íà âîäî- â ãí¸çäàõ âðàíîâûõ ïòèö, ïðåèìóùåñòâåí- Irkutsk 664003 Russia ðàçäåëå. Ãí¸çäà, îáíàðóæåííûå Â.Â. Ðÿáöå- íî ñîðîêè (Pica pica). Íàìè 3 èþíÿ 2009 ã. tel.: +7 3952 243 077 âûì (1984), íàõîäèëèñü òàêæå â ëåñó, â 0,9 è áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî óøàñòîé ñîâû [email protected] 1 êì îò îïóøêè, ãíåçäî, íàéäåííîå â äîëèíå â ñòàðîì ãíåçäå îáûêíîâåííîãî êàíþêà Îíîíà (Ïîïîâ, 1983) – â ëåñó, â 150 ì îò (Buteo buteo). Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà âûñî- íå¸, à íàéäåííîå íà Õàìàð-Äàáàíå – ñðåäè òå îêîëî 8 ì íà ñîñíå ó îñíîâàíèÿ ñêëîíà, íà ãðàíèöå ëåñà, â äîëèíå ð. Òàëüêà (ëåâûé Ìåñòî ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ãíåçäà ïîëåâîãî ëóíÿ ïðèòîê ð. Êóäà). Ê ëåñó ïðèìûêàëà ëóãîâàÿ (ââåðõó) è ñàìî ãíåçäî è ñëåãêà çàáîëî÷åííàÿ ïîéìà ðåêè. Ïðè ñ êëàäêîé (âíèçó). ïðèáëèæåíèè ê äåðåâó è âî âðåìÿ íàõîæ- 22.06.2009. äåíèÿ ïîä ãíåçäîì îíî êàçàëîñü ïóñòûì, íî Ôîòî È. Ôåôåëîâà. êîãäà ìû îòîøëè îò äåðåâà íà 30 ì, èç íåãî Locality of the Hen âûñóíóëàñü óøàñòàÿ ñîâà. Ïòèöà íàáëþäàëà Harrier nest (upper) and this nest with clutch çà íàìè, ïîêà ìû íå óäàëèëèñü. Ñëåäóåò îò- (bottom). 22/06/2009. ìåòèòü, ÷òî íà ýòîì ó÷àñòêå, âî âðåìÿ íà- Photo by I. Fefelov. øåãî ïîñåùåíèÿ, äåðæàëñÿ è áåñïîêîèëñÿ êàíþê. Ãíåçäî îñìîòðåòü íå óäàëîñü. Ïî- ãàäîê ïîä íèì íå îáíàðóæåíî, íî â 15 ì, íà ïîâàëåííîì äåðåâå, îòìå÷åíî 2–3 ìåñòà ïðèñàæèâàíèÿ (ñ ïîì¸òîì).

Ëèòåðàòóðà Ïîïîâ Â.Â. Õèùíûå ïòèöû äîëèíû ð. Îíîí. – Ïðèðîäíîî÷àãîâûå èíôåêöèè â Çàáàéêàëüå. ×èòà, 1983. Ñ. 106–108. Ðÿáöåâ Â.Â. Ñîñòîÿíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè, ðàçìå- ùåíèå è ôåíîëîãèÿ ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà õèù- íûõ ïòèö ëåñîñòåïíûõ ðàéîíîâ Ïðåäáàéêàëüÿ. – Ôàóíà è ýêîëîãèÿ ïòèö Âîñòî÷íîé Ñèáèðè. Èðêóòñê, 1984. Ñ. 90–97. 180 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

RecordsofBirdsofPreyandOwlinEasternMongolia ВСТРЕЧИ ХИЩНЫХ ПТИЦ И СОВ В ВОСТОЧНОЙ МОНГОЛИИ BarashkovaA.N.(NGOSiberianEnvironmentalCenter,Novosibirsk,Russia) Барашкова А.Н. (МБОО «Сибирский экологический центр», Новосибирск, Россия)

Êîíòàêò:  ïåðèîä ñ 1 ïî 20 àâãóñòà 2009 ã. îáñëå- Some areas of the Eastern Mongolia (East- Àííà Áàðàøêîâà äîâàíû íåêîòîðûå ó÷àñòêè ðàâíèí Âîñòî÷- ern-Mongolian plains, Khentei foothills, ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» íîé Ìîíãîëèè, âîñòî÷íûõ îêðàèí Õýíòåÿ è Dariganga plateau and the deserted moun- 630090 Ðîññèÿ Ãîáè. Âåñü ìàðøðóò ïî Ìîíãîëèè ñîñòàâèë tains to the south from the Sainshand) were Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547 îêîëî 2200 êì: 1 àâãóñòà – ïîñ. Ýðýíöàâ surveyed during 1–20 August, 2009. òåë./ôàêñ: (×óëóíõîðîò) – îç. Õóõ-Íóð, 2 àâãóñòà – We observed 11 species of birds of prey +7 383 363 00 59 [email protected] ã. Öóõèéí-Óíäåð – óùåëüå ßìààòûí-Õàâöàë; and 2 species of owls: Steppe Eagle (Aquila 3 àâãóñòà – ð. Êåðóëåí – ñîìîí ×îéáàëñàí; nipalensis), Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysa- Contact: 5 àâãóñòà – ã. Öàãàí-Óíäåð-Îáî – ã. Óâýð- etos), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus), Anna Barashkova Óðòûí-Àéðàã – óð. Áóÿí-Îáîíû-Ãîáè; Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus), Upland NGO Siberian Environmental Center 6 àâãóñòà – ñîìîí Áàðóóí-Óðò – óð. Áàÿí- Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius), Black-Eared Kite P.O. Box 547 Õóøóíû-Õîëîé; 7 àâãóñòà – ãîðà Äçóí- (Milvus migrans lineatus), Eastern Marsh Novosibirsk Áóñëóð-Óëà (â ñèñòåìå äðåâíèõ âóëêàíîâ Harrier (Circus spilonotus), Hen Harrier (Cir- 630090 Russia ïëàòî Äàðèãàíãà); 8 àâãóñòà – ïåñêè Îíãîí- cus cyaneus), Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), tel./fax: +7 383 363 00 59 Ýëñ; 9 àâãóñòà – ã. Ñàéðûí-Óëà – ïîñ. Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis), Kestrel (Fal- [email protected] Áàÿí-Äýëãýð; 10 àâãóñòà – ã. Áàðóí-Õàðóë co tinnunculus), Little Owl (Athene noctua) – ã. Íàðàíãèéí-Îáî – óð. Õýíñèéí-Ãîáè – and Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). ã. Èõ-Òàðèà÷ – ñîìîí Ñàéíøàíä; 11 àâãóñòà The route passed from Erentsav (Chu- – íà þã äî ã. Õàëãûí-Óëà – ïîñ. Äçóí-Áàÿí luhoroot) town near the Russian-Mongo- – óðî÷èùå Äàëàí-Òóðóãèéí-Óõà; 12 àâãóñòà lian frontier through the Huh Nuur Lake, – ã. Òàõÿò-Óëà – ïåñêè Äàëàéí-Ýëñ; 13 àâ- Choibalsan city, Baruun Urt city, the Dzun- ãóñòà – ã. Áàÿí-Óíäåð – ñîìîí Ñàéíøàíä Buslur-Ula Mountain (in the volcanic Dari- – óð. Òîñãîíû-Õÿð; 14 àâãóñòà – ïîñ. ganga Plateau), the sandy area Ongon Els, Àëòàí-Øèðý – ïîñ. Ãàë-Øàð – ã. Óíäåð- Sainshand city, and the desert mountains to Óõà; 15 àâãóñòà – ã. Îáîí-Áóëàãèéí-Îáî – the south from it (Khalgyn-Ula and Takhyat- ã. Áóÿí-Õóòàã – ñîìîí Óíäýðõàí – ð. Êåðó- Ula Mountains), the sandy area Dalain Els, ëåí; 16 àâãóñòà – ïî äîëèíå Êåðóëåíà; 17 Altan-Shire village, Underkhaan city, then àâãóñòà – ïîñ. Áàÿí-Îáî – îç. Ýðýí-Íóð; to the Choibalsan along the Kherulen river 18 àâãóñòà – ïî ëåâîìó áåðåãó Êåðóëåíà back to Erentsav (via Uldza Gol valley). äî ×îéáàëñàíà; 19 àâãóñòà – ê ñåâåðó The Steppe Eagle and Upland Buzzard Ìàðøðóò ýêñïåäèöèè. îò ×îéáàëñàíà íå äîåçæàÿ ã. Ñóìáýð- were observed more often. Route of expedition. Óëà; 20 àâãóñòà – ïîñ. Ñóìèéí-Áóëàê – A total of 35 adult Steppe Eagles were recorded at 27 breeding territories. We found 23 nests (4 of them were occupied this year). The birds were on their breeding territories during the observation, fledg- lings were found in 2 nests. Steppe Eagles (except one old nest) weren’t found to the south from Sainshand. The density of the Upland Buzzard reached to 12.5 individuals per 10 km of the auto- mobile route. A total of 170 buzzards in- cluding juveniles were recorded. We noted 21 nests in 20 breeding territories. Also we observed 2 occupied nests of the Black Vulture: one on an elm in the Ongon Els sands and another – on a stone located in the upper part of slope of rocky moun- tains covered by bush vegetation near the Kherulen river valley. The Saker Falcons were surveyed several Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 181

times. We found a nest of falcons located on a ledge of the small basalt outcrop of the Dzun-Buslur-Ula Mountain. Also we ob- served a brood consisted of 5 juveniles on Takhyat-Ula Mountain on 12 August. The nest of Amur Falcon with fledglings was observed in the Ongon Els sands. The brood of Eagle Owls was found on the Takhilgat Mountan. The Booted Eagle was found in deserted mountains to the south from Sainshand near the wide arroyo with elms along the edges. Kestrels were common species during the entire survey route.

Òèïè÷íûå ïåéçàæè Âîñòî÷íîé Ìîíãîëèè: ãîðà Äçóí-Áóñëóð-Óëà – îäèí èç äðåâ- Ñë¸òîê ñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis). íèõ âóëêàíîâ ïëàòî Äàðèãàíãà (ââåðõó), ïåñêè Îíãîí-Ýëñ (â öåíòðå) è ìàññèâ 07.08.2009. Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé. ãîðû Õàëãûí-Óëà (âíèçó). Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé. Fledgling of the Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). Typical Mongolian landscapes: the Dzun-Buslur-Ula mountain is one of old 07/08/2009. Photo by A. Barashkova. volcanoes on the Dariganga plateau (top), the Ongon Els sands (centre), the Khalgyn-Ula mountain massif (bottom). Photos by A. Barashkova.

îç. Õàâ÷èðàíãèéí-Íóð – ã. Äçàãàë – äîëèíà cyaneus), áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug), àìóð- ð. Óëüäçà-Ãîë – ïîñ. Ýðýíöàâ. Ïîñêîëüêó ñêèé êîá÷èê (Falco amurensis), îáûêíîâåí- îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå íàáëþäåíèÿ áûëè íå íàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falco tinnunculus), äîìîâûé îñíîâíîé öåëüþ ýêñïåäèöèè, òî â îñíîâ- ñû÷ (Athene noctua) è ôèëèí (Bubo bubo). íîì ïòèöû ó÷èòûâàëèñü íà àâòîìîáèëüíîì Ðàâíèííàÿ ìåñòíîñòü ìåæäó Ýðýíöàâîì ìàðøðóòå, è ëèøü â íåêîòîðûõ òî÷êàõ – âî è ×îéáàëñàíîì îòëè÷àåòñÿ íàëè÷èåì íå- âðåìÿ ïåøåãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ òåððèòîðèè. âûñîêèõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé è íåáîëüøèõ  õîäå ýêñïåäèöèè îòìå÷åíû 11 âèäîâ âïàäèí ñ ÷åðåäîé îç¸ð, â ðàçíîé ñòåïå- äíåâíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö è 2 âèäà ñîâîîáðàç- íè ïåðåñûõàþùèõ. Èç õèùíûõ ïòèö çäåñü íûõ: ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis), áåð- íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî âñòðå÷àëèñü ñòåïíîé îð¸ë êóò (Aquila chrysaetos), îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hier- è ìîõíîíîãèé êóðãàííèê, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ íà aaetus pennatus), ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô (Aegypius íåáîëüøèõ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ õîëìîâ. monachus), ìîõíîíîãèé êóðãàííèê (Buteo Ëèøü â äîëèíàõ íåïåðåñûõàþùèõ ðåê áûëè hemilasius), ÷åðíîóõèé êîðøóí (Milvus mi- îòìå÷åíû äðóãèå âèäû: áîëîòíûé ëóíü – â grans lineatus), âîñòî÷íûé áîëîòíûé ëóíü äîëèíå Óëüäçà-Ãîë è ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô – âáëè- (Circus spilonotus), ïîëåâîé ëóíü (Circus çè ìíîãî÷èñëåííûõ æèâîòíîâîä÷åñêèõ 182 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ

áàëîáàí. Îñìîòðåíî ãíåçäî áàëîáàíà, ðàñïîëîæåííîå íà óñòóïå íåâûñîêîãî áà- çàëüòîâîãî îáíàæåíèÿ; ïî âñåì ïðèçíàêàì ãíåçäî áûëî çàíÿòî â ýòîì ãîäó, íî â ïå- ðèîä íàáëþäåíèé (8 àâãóñòà) îíî óæå ïó- ñòîâàëî. Ñîñåäíèé äðåâíèé âóëêàí (îñìîòðåí þæíûé ñêëîí) îòëè÷àåòñÿ ïî ñòðîåíèþ îò ïåðâîãî îòñóòñòâèåì ñêàëüíîãî îáðàìëå- íèÿ. Îäíàêî åãî ñêëîíû ïðîðåçàþò óùåëüÿ ñ êðóòûìè áîðòàìè, â êîòîðûõ îáíàæàþò- ñÿ êîðåííûå ïîðîäû – áàçàëüòû, ÷òî ñîçäà- åò òàêæå õîðîøèå óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö. Îñìîòðåíî ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà (9 àâãóñòà). Ãíåçäîâàÿ ïîñòðîéêà ðàñ- ïîëàãàëàñü ïðÿìî íà êàìåíèñòîì ñêëîíå, Ñë¸òîê àìóðñêîãî êîá- ñòîÿíîê â äîëèíå Êåðóëåíà, à òàêæå îáûê- ëèøü ïåðåäíåé ÷àñòüþ îïèðàÿñü íà êóñò ÷èêà (Falco amurensis) íîâåííàÿ ïóñòåëüãà. Þæíåå, â âîñòî÷íûõ ìèíäàëÿ. Ìîëîäûå ïòèöû ïàðèëè â íåïî- âîçëå ãíåçäà íà èëüìå. ïðåäãîðüÿõ Õýíòåÿ, ãäå ðåëüåô ñòàíîâèòñÿ ñðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò ãíåçäà. 09.08.2009. Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé. áîëåå ðàçíîîáðàçíûì, îòìå÷àëèñü òàêæå Îáñëåäîâàí òàêæå ó÷àñòîê ïåñêîâ Îíãîí- Ýëñ – îáøèðíîãî ïåñ÷àíîãî ìàññèâà íà Fledgling of the Amur áàëîáàí (êàê ïðàâèëî, ìîëîäûå ïòèöû ýòî- Falcon (Falco amurensis) ãî ãîäà, äàâíî ïîêèíóâøèå ñâîè ãí¸çäà), çàïàäå äðåâíåâóëêàíè÷åñêîãî ðàéîíà Äà- near the nest on the ôèëèí, äîìîâûé ñû÷. Âûâîäîê ôèëèíîâ ðèãàíãà. Çäåñü áûëè îòìå÷åíû íà ãíåçäîâà- elm. 09/08/2009. îáíàðóæåí â ñêàëèñòîì óùåëüå ñ âîñòî÷- íèè àìóðñêèé êîá÷èê, îáûêíîâåííàÿ ïó- Photo by A. Barashkova. íîé ñòîðîíû ãîðû Òàõèëãàò (24 êì ê ñåâåðó ñòåëüãà, ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô. Íà ïëîùàäêå 3 êì2 îò Áàðóóí-Óðòà). ðàñïîëàãàëîñü 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîéêè ãðè- Íà ïëàòî Äàðèãàíãà ïòèöû êîíöåíòðèðó- ôà, îäíà èç íèõ çàíÿòàÿ ïòèöàìè (âîçìîæ- þòñÿ íà âóëêàíè÷åñêèõ ìàññèâàõ è ãîðíûõ íî, â ýòîì ãíåçäå áûë âûâîäîê). Âñå ãí¸çäà êðÿæàõ, âûäåëÿþùèõñÿ ñðåäè ðàâíèííîé ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùèõ èëüìàõ ìåñòíîñòè. Áûëî îñìîòðåíî äâå ñîïêè – (íà ðàññòîÿíèÿõ 430, 170 è 1240 ì äðóã îò äðåâíèõ âóëêàíà – ãîðà Äçóí-Áóñëóð-Óëà äðóãà) ñðåäè ïåñ÷àíîãî ìàññèâà, ÷àñòè÷íî (37 êì ê ñåâåðî-çàïàäó îò ñîìîíà Äàðè- çàðîñøåãî òðàâÿíèñòî-êóñòàðíèêîâîé ðàñ- ãàíãà) è ñîñåäíÿÿ ñ íåé âåðøèíà (1226 ì), òèòåëüíîñòüþ. Ïîñòðîéêè ïðåäñòàâëÿëè ñî- Ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà ðàñïîëîæåííàÿ â 4 êì ê çàïàäó. Ïîÿñ áîé ìàññèâíûå ñîîðóæåíèÿ â ðàçâèëêàõ (Aquila nipalensis) â áàçàëüòîâîì óùåëüå áàçàëüòîâûõ îáíàæåíèé, îïîÿñûâàþùèé äåðåâüåâ, â 2–2,5 ì îò ïîâåðõíîñòè çåìëè ãîðû. Ïëàòî ãîðó Äçóí-Áóñëóð-Óëà ïî âñåé îêðóæíîñòè (äèàìåòð ãí¸çä äîñòèãàë 2 ì, âûñîòà ïî- Äàðèãàíãà. (äèàìåòð ãîðû ó ïîäíîæèÿ îêîëî 5 êì) – ñòðîåê äî 1,5 ì è áîëåå). Òàì æå íàéäåíî Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé. ìåñòî êîíöåíòðàöèè ãí¸çä õèùíûõ ïòèö. ãíåçäî àìóðñêîãî êîá÷èêà íà èëüìå, ðÿäîì Nest of the Steppe Íà ñêàëàõ îáñëåäîâàííîãî ñåâåðíîãî ñ êîòîðûì îòìå÷åíû õîðîøî ëåòàþùèå Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) ôàñà ãîðû â ýòîì ïîÿñå ïîñòîÿííî âñòðå- ñë¸òêè (9 àâãóñòà). on a basalt canyon of the volcanoe of the ÷àëèñü ïîñòðîéêè ìîõíîíîãîãî êóðãàííè-  Âîñòî÷íîé Ãîáè áûëî ïîñåùåíî íå- Dariganga plateau. êà è ñòåïíîãî îðëà. Äðóãèå òèïè÷íûå âèäû ñêîëüêî ïóñòûííûõ ãîðíûõ ìàññèâîâ þæ- Photo by A. Barashkova. – äîìîâûé ñû÷, îáûêíîâåííàÿ ïóñòåëüãà, íåå ãîðîäà Ñàéíøàíä. Ãîðû ðàñïîëîæåíû ñðåäè îáøèðíûõ ïîíèæåíèé, áîëüøåé ÷à- ñòüþ çàñîëåííûõ. Ñàìè ãîðû ïîêðûòû ñêóä- íîé ðàçðåæåííîé ðàñòèòåëüíîñòüþ, ëèøü â ñóõèõ ðóñëàõ ðåê (ñàéðàõ) ðàñòèòåëüíîñòü ñòàíîâèòñÿ áîãà÷å, çäåñü âñòðå÷àþòñÿ îäè- íî÷íûå èëüìû, î÷åíü ðåäêî – èõ íåáîëü- øèå ðîùèöû. Îòäåëüíûå äåðåâüÿ äîñòèãàþò âíóøèòåëüíûõ äëÿ òàêîé ñóõîé òåððèòîðèè ðàçìåðîâ – äî 10 ì âûñîòîé. Ñêëîíû è âåðøèíû ãîð èíîãäà ïîêðûòû ïåñêàìè, íà- íåñ¸ííûìè âåòðîì.  ýòîé ìåñòíîñòè áûëè îòìå÷åíû ìîõíîíîãèé êóðãàííèê, áàëî- áàí, îð¸ë-êàðëèê. Âûâîäîê áàëîáàíîâ èç 5-òè ïòèö äåðæàëñÿ 12 àâãóñòà â ìàññèâå ãîðû Òàõÿò-Óëà (â 34 êì ê þãî-þãî-âîñòîêó îò ñîìîíà Äçóí-Áàÿí). Âñòðå÷à ñ âçðîñëîé Short Reports Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 183

âûé ñû÷ è îáûêíîâåííàÿ ïóñòåëüãà âáëèçè ñêàëüíûõ îñòàíöåâ è îáíàæåíèé. Æèëîå ãíåçäî ãðèôà íàõîäèëîñü íà þæíîì êàìå- íèñòîì çàêóñòàðåííîì ñêëîíå íåáîëüøîé êðóòîñêëîííîé ñîïêè ïî ïðàâîìó áîðòó Êåðóëåíà, òàê ÷òî îáçîð ñ íåãî áûë íà îá- ðàòíóþ ñòîðîíó îò äîëèíû – â íåáîëüøóþ ìåæãîðíóþ êîòëîâèíêó â ìåëêîñîïî÷íîì ìàññèâå. Ñàìà ïîñòðîéêà ëåæàëà íà êàìíå â ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè â ïðèâåðøèííîé ÷àñòè ãîðû. Íà ãíåçäå íàõîäèëàñü ìîëîäàÿ ïòèöà, êîòîðàÿ ñëåòåëà ïðè ïðèáëèæåíèè ëþäåé.  800 ì îò ãíåçäà, íî íèæå è çà- ïàäíåå ïî ñêëîíó òîé æå ñîïêè, ðàñïîëà- ãàëîñü æèëîå ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ñòåïíîé îð¸ë è ìîõíî- Îñòàíåö â ãîðíîì ïòèöåé çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà íà ãîðå Õàëãûí- íîãèé êóðãàííèê – íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî âñòðå- ìàññèâå Õýíòåé – òè- Óëà â 11 êì ê þãó îò Ñàéíøàíäà. Îð¸ë- ÷àþùèåñÿ âèäû õèùíûõ ïòèö íà ïðîéäåí- ïè÷íîå ìåñòî îáèòàíèÿ êàðëèê îòìå÷åí â ïóñòûííûõ ãîðàõ â 20 äîìîâîãî ñû÷à (Athene noctua), ôèëèíà (Bubo êì ê þãó îò Ñàéíøàíäà, â øèðîêîì ñóõîì bubo) è îáûêíîâåííîé ðóñëå ðåêè, ïî êðàÿì êîòîðîãî ðàñòóò èëü- ïóñòåëüãè (Falco ìû. Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë çäåñü óæå íå îòìå÷àëñÿ, tinnunculus). ëèøü îäíàæäû â ïîäíîæèè ãîðû Òàõÿò-Óëà Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé. áûëî íàéäåíî ñòàðîå ðàçðóøåííîå ãíåçäî, Outcrop in Khentey Mountains – typical êîòîðîå, ïî-âèäèìîìó, óæå äàâíî íå èñ- habitat of the Little ïîëüçîâàëîñü. Owl (Athene noctua), Ó÷àñòîê ìàðøðóòà ê þãó îò Êåðóëå- Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) íà (ìåæäó Óíäåðõàíîì è Õóëýíáóéðîì) and Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). ïðîõîäèë ïî ñðåäíåõàëõàñêèì âîëíèñòî- Photo by A. Barashkova. ñîïî÷íûì ðàâíèíàì. Ýòî òèïè÷íûé ãîðíî- ñòåïíîé ëàíäøàôò, â êîòîðîì èçîëèðîâàí- íûå îñòàíöîâûå âîçâûøåííîñòè è ãîðíûå êðÿæè ïåðåìåæàþòñÿ ñ îáøèðíûìè ðàâ- íèííûìè ó÷àñòêàìè.  òî æå âðåìÿ, íå- ñìîòðÿ íà îáùóþ ñãëàæåííîñòü ãîð, î÷åíü ÷àñòî èõ ñêëîíû äîâîëüíî êðóòû è êàìå- Ìîëîäîé ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô íèñòû, îáû÷íî ïîêðûòû êóñòàðíèêîâîé (Aegypius monachus) ðàñòèòåëüíîñòüþ, ìåñòàìè âûäåëÿþòñÿ íà ãíåçäå. 16.08.2009. Âèä ñ ãíåçäà ÷¸ðíîãî ãðèôà (Aegypius Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé. îñòàíöîâûå ãðåáíè, ñëîæåííûå ãðàíèòà- monachus). Ôîòî À. Áàðàøêîâîé. ìè. Íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè, âìåñòå ñ øèðî- Juvenile Black Vulture View from the Black Vulture's (Aegypius monachus) in êî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûìè ñòåïíûì îðëîì è (Aegypius monachus) nest. the nest. 16/08/2009. ìîõíîíîãèì êóðãàííèêîì, áûëè îòìå÷å- Photo by A. Barashkova. Photo by A. Barashkova. íû áåðêóò, ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô, à òàêæå äîìî- íîì ìàðøðóòå. Âñåãî çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî 35 âçðîñëûõ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ íà 27 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ, îáíàðóæåíî 23 ãíåçäà (4 – çàíè- ìàâøèåñÿ â ýòîì ãîäó).  ïåðèîä íàáëþäå- íèé ïòèöû íàõîäèëèñü íà ñâîèõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ, âáëèçè äâóõ îáñëåäîâàííûõ ãí¸çä åù¸ îñòàâàëèñü ïî÷òè ïîëíîñòüþ îïåðåí- íûå ïòåíöû. Êàê ïðàâèëî, ãí¸çäà ðàñïîëà- ãàëèñü íà ñêàëüíûõ ðàçâàëàõ â ñðåäíåé ÷à- ñòè ñêëîíîâ ðàçíîé êðóòèçíû. Ïëîòíîñòü âñòðå÷ ìîõíîíîãèõ êóðãàí- íèêîâ äîñòèãàëà 12,5 îñîáåé/10 êì àâòî- ìàðøðóòà. Íà ìàðøðóòå îòìå÷åíî áîëåå 170 ìîõíîíîãèõ êóðãàííèêîâ, âêëþ÷àÿ ìîëîäûõ, ëîêàëèçîâàíî 21 ãíåçäî íà 20 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. 184 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû

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 2006 ã. â ñåðèè «Green Pocket Flash Wen-Horn Lin & Civi Cheng. A Field Guide Guides» îïóáëèêîâàí îïðåäåëèòåëü to the Raptors of Taiwan. Yuan-Liou Pub- õèùíûõ ïòèö Òàéâàíÿ: Wen-Horn Lin & lishing Co., Ltd. 2006. 214 p. (ISBN 957- Civi CHENG. A Field Guide to the Raptors 32-5901-X) have published in 2006. Book of Taiwan. Yuan-Liou Publishing Co., Ltd. is published in the series “Green Pocket 2006. 214 p. ISBN 957-32-5901-X. Flash Guides”. Àâòîð òåêñòà – Âåí-Õîðí Ëèí, àâòîð èë- Author of the text is Mr. Wen-Horn Lin ëþñòðàöèé – Öèâè ×åíã. Ã-í Âåí-Õîðí Ëèí and Mr. Civi Cheng is the painter for all ÿâëÿåòñÿ ãëàâíûì ðåäàêòîðîì æóðíàëà ïî color plates. Mr. Wen-Horn Lin is an Editor- èçó÷åíèþ õèùíûõ ïòèö Òàéâàíÿ – «Raptor in-Chief of the journal of Raptor Research Research of Taiwan». Ýòî åãî ïåðâàÿ êíèãà. Group of Taiwan – “Raptor Research of Tai- Îïðåäåëèòåëü èìååò ôîðìàò áîëüøîãî wan”. This is his first joint book. êàðìàíà ñ ïëàñòèêîâîé îáëîæêîé, íå òÿ- Book has a large-pocket size, with plastic (12) Contact æ¸ëûé, è ëåãêî ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí cover, not heavy and easily can be used in Yuan-Liou Publishing â ïîëå.  îïðåäåëèòåëå âñåãî 33 âèäà, the field. The book contains “Classification Co., Ltd. 30 èç íèõ – ñ ôîòîãðàôèÿìè. Âñå âèäû tables” by size, by plumage, by shape, by [email protected] èìåþò öâåòíûå êàðòû ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ aspect ratio, etc. to help reader to search his è äèàãðàììû êðóãëîãîäè÷íîãî ñòàòóñà íà target species. In systematic part each of 33 Òàéâàíå, à òàêæå íåêîòîðûå äðóãèå âñïî- species is described and depicted. ìîãàòåëüíûå ìàòåðèàëû, ìíîãî êëàññèôè- Composition of the book is original, draw- êàöèîííûõ òàáëèö ïî ðàçìåðó ïòèö, îïå- ings are wonderful and this book is recom- ðåíèþ, ôîðìå, ïðîïîðöèÿì è ò.ä. mended to all raptor enthusiasts in SE Asia. Êîìïîçèöèÿ êíèãè îðèãèíàëüíà, òåêñò – Texts in species accounts are brief, all spe- êðàòêèé, ðèñóíêè ïðåêðàñíû, è ýòà êíèãà cies descriptions include good colour draw- ìîæåò áûòü ðåêîìåíäîâàíà äëÿ âñåõ ëþ- ings, colourful distribution maps and dia- áèòåëåé õèùíûõ ïòèö â Þãî-Âîñòî÷íîé grams of year-round occurrence on Taiwan Àçèè. and some other auxiliary material. Êíèãó ìîæíî ïðèîáðåñòè ÷åðåç âåá-ñàéò The publishing company has a webpage14 èçäàòåëÿ14 ïî öåíå 450 òàéâàíüñêèõ äîëëà- to introduce (and also sell) this book. Unfor- ðîâ, ÷òî ñîñòàâëÿåò ïðèìåðíî 13,94 USD. tunately all the text in the webpage is in Chi- Êîíòàêò (12). nese. Anyway, at least people can browse to see what it look like. Price is 450 Taiwanese dollars what is about 13.94 USD. Contact (12).

Âûøåë â ñâåò ñáîðíèê ìàòåðèàëîâ Proceedings of ²²² International Scientific III Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé êîíôåðåíöèè Conference «Birds of Prey and Owls of «Õèùíûå ïòèöû Óêðàèíû»: Íîâ³òí³ Ukraine» have been published. Modern äîñë³äæåííÿ ñîêîëîïîä³áíèõ òà ñîâ. Study of Birds of Prey and Owls. Proceed- Ìàòåð³àëè ²²² ̳æíàðîäíî¿ íàóêîâî¿ ings of ²²² International Scientific Confer- êîíôåðåíö³¿ «Õèæ³ ïòàõè Óêðà¿íè», ence «Birds of Prey and Owls of Ukraine», ì. Êðèâèé гã, 24–25 æîâòíÿ 2008 ð. / Kryvyi Rih, 24–25 October 2008 / Gavri- ³äïîâ. ðåä. Ì.Í. Ãàâðèëþê, Ã.Â. Ôåñåí- lyuk M.N., Fesenko H.V. (eds.). Kryvyi Rih, êî. Êðèâèé гã, 2008. 420 ñ.15 2008. 412 p.15 Ñáîðíèê âêëþ÷àåò äîêëàäû è ñîîáùåíèÿ, The book includes reports and posters ïðåäñòàâëåííûå íà êîíôåðåíöèè, êîòîðàÿ submitted on scientific conference held in

14 http://www.ylib.com/hotsale/raptor/author.asp 15 http://raptors.org.ua/ru/?p=101 New Publications and Videos Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 185

(13) Êîíòàêò: ïðîõîäèëà â ã. Êðèâîé Ðîã â îêòÿáðå 2008 Kryvyi Rih on October 2008 and contains Þðèé Â. Ìèëîáîã ãîäà, ñîäåðæèò ñîâðåìåííûå äàííûå ïî data of last study in broad range of ques- [email protected] [email protected] ýêîëîãèè, îõðàíå è èñïîëüçîâàíèþ õèùíûõ tions of ecology, protection and use of ïòèö. Íàðÿäó ñ óêðàèíñêèìè ïóáëèêàöèÿ- birds of prey and owls distributed mainly (13) Contact: ìè èìååòñÿ ðÿä ïóáëèêàöèé áåëîðóññêèõ è in Eastern Europe. Together with Ukrainian Yurij Milobog ðîññèéñêèõ îðíèòîëîãîâ ïî òåððèòîðèÿì articles there are some papers of Russian [email protected] [email protected] Áåëàðóñè è Ðîññèè. Ïðåäñòàâëåííûå ìàòå- and Belarusian researchers concerning the ðèàëû ìîãóò áûòü èíòåðåñíû ïðîôåññèî- territories of Russia and Belarus. Papers of íàëüíûì îðíèòîëîãàì è ñïåöèàëèñòàì ïî the book can be interested to professional îõðàíå îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû. ornithologists and environmentalists. Ñòîèìîñòü ñáîðíèêà ñîñòàâëÿåò 25 ãðí. Price is 25 UAH. If you want to receive the Ïðèîáðåñòè êíèãó ìîæíî, îáðàòèâøèñü ê book, contact please organizers. îðãàíèçàòîðàì êîíôåðåíöèè. Contact (13). Êîíòàêò (13).

 ñáîðíèêå Denisia 27/2009 «Îðëàí- Proceedings of the Conference on the áåëîõâîñò â ñåðäöå Åâðîïû» (Der See- White-Tailed Eagle “The White-Tailed adler im Herzen Europas) îïóáëèêîâàíû Eagle in the Heart of Europe” (Der Seea- ìàòåðèàëû êîíôåðåíöèè ïî îðëàíó, dler im Herzen Europas) have been pub- ïðîõîäèâøåé 17–18 íîÿáðÿ 2007 ã. lished in Denisia 27/2009 on 17–18 No- Ñîâðåìåííàÿ èñòîðèÿ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñ- vember 2007. òà (Haliaeetus albicilla) – îäèí èç áîëüøèõ The modern history of the White-Tailed óñïåõîâ îõðàíû ïðèðîäû â Åâðîïå. Áëàãî- Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) is one of the big äàðÿ íåóñòàííûì óñèëèÿì ìíîãèõ ëþäåé è successes of European nature conservation. ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, îñîáåííî Thanks to the tireless efforts of many people Ñêàíäèíàâèè, Áàëòèéñêèõ ãîñóäàðñòâ è Ñå- and nature conservation organisations es- (14) Contact Christian Pichler âåðíîé Ãåðìàíèè, îðëàíû â Åâðîïå òåïåðü pecially in Scandinavia, the Baltic States and WWF Austria ìîãóò íàáëþäàòüñÿ ðåãóëÿðíî. Ðåøàþùèì Northern Germany White-Tailed Eagles can [email protected] ôàêòîðîì óñïåõà ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ìå- now be observed regularly. The main factor ðîïðèÿòèé ñòàëî ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî ñïåöèà- for the success was the early cross-border ëèñòîâ èç ðàçíûõ åâðîïåéñêèõ ñòðàí. co-operations among institutions and peo- Äëÿ ëó÷øåé êîîðäèíàöèè äåÿòåëüíîñòè ple of these regions. ïî îõðàíå îðëàíà â Öåíòðàëüíîé Åâðîïå â For a better co-ordination of conservation èíôîðìàöèîííîì öåíòðå Íàöèîíàëüíîãî and monitoring activities in Central Europe ïàðêà Íîéçèäëåðçåå – Çååâèíêåëü (íà ãðà- a symposium was held. The symposium íèöå Àâñòðèè è Âåíãðèè) 17–18 íîÿáðÿ entitled “The White-Tailed Eagle in the 2007 ã. áûë ïðîâåä¸í ñèìïîçèóì «Îðëàí- Heart of Europe” took place at the Infor- áåëîõâîñò â ñåðäöå Åâðîïû», íàöåëåí- mation centre of the National Park “Neus- íûé íà îáìåí äàííûìè è áîëåå áëèçêîå iedler See – Seewinkel” on November 17 ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâî èíèöèàòèâíûõ ãðóïï ïî and 18th 2007 and aimed at an improved îõðàíå îðëàíà.  ñèìïîçèóìå ó÷àñòâîâàëè exchange of data and a closer co-operation ýêñïåðòû ïî áåëîõâîñòó èç Øâåöèè, Ãåð- of conservation initiatives. White-Tailed ìàíèè, ×åõèè, Àâñòðèè, Âåíãðèè, Ñëîâà- Eagle experts from Sweden, Germany, the êèè, Õîðâàòèè è Ñåðáèè. Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary, Slova- Ðåçóëüòàòû ýòîãî ñèìïîçèóìà áûëè îïó- kia, Croatia and Serbia were participating áëèêîâàíû òîëüêî â 2009 ã. â íàñòîÿùåì in the conference. ñáîðíèêå. Ðåãèîí, ïî êîòîðîìó îïóáëèêî- The results of this conference have just âàíû äàííûå, îõâàòûâàåò âñþ Öåíòðàëüíóþ been released in a book. The book covers Åâðîïó, îò Ãåðìàíèè äî Ñåðáèè.  ñòàòüÿõ the region from Germany to Serbia. The ar- ïðåäñòàâëåíû äàííûå ïî ïîïóëÿöèîííîé ticles deal with population development, äèíàìèêå, ïèòàíèþ, ãíåçäîâîé áèîëîãèè, feeding, breeding biology, conservation îõðàíå è óãðîçàì. Ñòàòüè îïóáëèêîâàíû efforts and threats. Articles are either in íà íåìåöêîì èëè àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêàõ, è German or English and have, in any case, èìåþò ðåçþìå íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå è íà summaries in English and in the language ÿçûêå àâòîðîâ. of the authors. Ñòîèìîñòü ñáîðíèêà, âêëþ÷àÿ ïåðåñûë- Contribution to publication and post costs: êó, 23 åâðî. 23 Euro. Êîíòàêò (14). Contact (14). 186 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû

Âûøåë â ñâåò ñáîðíèê «Ïîïóëÿöèè Peregrine Falcon Populations: Status ñàïñàíà: ñòàòóñ è ïåðñïåêòèâû â XXI and perspectives in the 21st century / âåêå» (Peregrine Falcon Populations: Sta- Sielicki J. & Mizera T. (eds). Turul Pub- tus and perspectives in the 21st century / lishing & Poznan University of Life Sci- Sielicki J. & Mizera T. (eds). Turul Publish- ences, Warsaw & Poznan, 2009. 800 pp. ing & Poznan University of Life Sciences, ISBN 978-83-920969-6-2. Hardcover with Warsaw & Poznan, 2009. 800 pp. ISBN dust jacket. 978-83-920969-6-2. Hardcover with dust The book contains 11 chapters, 62 papers, jacket). more than 60 tables, 400 color photographs Ñáîðíèê ñîäåðæèò 11 ãëàâ, 62 ñòàòüè, áî- and figures. Size: 17x24 cm. ëåå 60 òàáëèö, 400 öâåòíûõ ôîòîãðàôèé è The book is based on papers presented at ðèñóíêîâ. Ðàçìåð ñáîðíèêà: 17x24 ñì. the 2nd International Peregrine Conference (15) Contact  ñáîðíèêå ñîáðàíû ñòàòüè, îñíîâàííûå Poland 2007, held from 19–23 September Stowarzyszenie Na íà ìàòåðèàëàõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ïðåäñòàâëåí- 2007 in Piotrowo near Poznań, Poland. (The Rzecz Dzikich Zwierząt “Sokół” íûõ íà II Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé Êîíôåðåíöèè book contains the Resolutions of the Con- ul. Osiedlowa 1, ïî ñàïñàíó, ïðîâåäåííîé 19–23 ñåíòÿáðÿ ference and presents the Conference in pic- 87–800 2007 ã. â Ïèîòðîâî (Ïîëüøà). Ïîìèìî àâ- tures as well.) Włocławek, Poland òîðñêèõ ñòàòåé ñáîðíèê ñîäåðæèò ðåçîëþ- The book contains papers on Peregrine tel./fax: 0 54 235 56 19 [email protected] öèþ Êîíôåðåíöèè. populations in Poland, Czech Republic, Slo- Ñáîðíèê ñîäåðæèò ñòàòüè î ñîñòîÿíèè vakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, ïîïóëÿöèé ñàïñàíà â Ïîëüøå, ×åõèè, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Armenia, Lithuania, Ñëîâàêèè, Âåíãðèè, Ðóìûíèè, Áîëãàðèè, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Germa- Õîðâàòèè, Ðîññèè, Óêðàèíå, Áåëàðóñè, ny, France, Spain, Italy, Austria, United King- Àðìåíèè, Ëèòâå, Øâåöèè, Ôèíëÿíäèè, dom. In addition to European presentations Íîðâåãèè, Äàíèè, Ãåðìàíèè, Ôðàíöèè, Èñ- it also includes papers from countries in other ïàíèè, Èòàëèè, Àâñòðèè, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè, continents – United States of America, South à òàêæå â äðóãèõ ñòðàíàõ – ÑØÀ, Þæíîé Africa, Namibia, Australia, Israel, Malaysia, Àôðèêå, Íàìèáèè, Àâñòðàëèè, Èçðàèëå, India, Argentina. The Part II (309–416 p.) Ìàëàéçèè, Èíäèè, Àðãåíòèíå. Ãëàâà 2-ÿ contains following papers on the Peregrine (309–416 ñòð.) ïîñâÿùåíà èññëåäîâàíèÿì status in the territory of Russia: ñàïñàíà íà òåððèòîðèè Ðîññèè è ñîäåðæèò Yuri Artukhin. Peregrine Falcon Falco pere- ñëåäóþùèå ñòàòüè: grinus japonensis on the Kurile Islands. Þðèé Àðòþõèí. Ñàïñàí Falco peregrinus Vladimir M. Galushin. The Peregrine Fal- japonensis íà Êóðèëàõ. con populations in European Russia at the Âëàäèìèð Ì. Ãàëóøèí. Ïîïóëÿöèè ñàïñà- beginning of 21st century. íà â Åâðîïåéñêîé Ðîññèè â íà÷àëå 21 âåêà. Igor V. Karyakin and Alexey S. Pazhenkov. Èãîðü Â. Êàðÿêèí, Àëåêñåé Ñ. Ïàæåíêîâ. Population trends of the Peregrine Falcon Ïîïóëÿöèîííûå òðåíäû ñàïñàíà â Âîëãî- in the Volga-Ural region (Russia) for twenty Óðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíå (Ðîññèÿ) çà 20 ëåò. years. Ñåðãåé Ï. Õàðèòîíîâ, ßêîâ È. Êîêîðåâ, Sergei P. Kharitonov, Yakov I. Kokorev, Äàìèàí Íîâàê, Àãíåøêà Íîâàê, Äàíèèë Â. Damian Nowak, Agnieszka Nowak, Daniil Îñèïîâ, Îëüãà Â. Íàòàëüñêàÿ, Íàäåæäà À. V. Osipov, Olga V. Natalskaya, Nadezhda A. Åãîðîâà, Ñâåòëàíà À. Êîðêèíà. Ñîâðåìåí- Egorova and Svetlana A. Korkina. Current íûå ïîïóëÿöèîííûå òðåíäû ñàïñàíà íà population trends of the Peregrine Falcon at Ñåâåðî-çàïàäíîì è Öåíòðàëüíîì Òàéìûðå. the North-Western and Central Taimyr Pe- Ñåðãåé Ï. Ïàñõàëüíûé, Ìèõàèë Ã. Ãî- ninsula. ëîâàòèí. Ñîâðåìåííûé ñòàòóñ ïîïóëÿöèè Sergey P. Paskhalny and Mikhail G. Golo- ñàïñàíà íà ßìàëå è Íèæíåé Îáè. vatin. The current status of the Peregrine Âèòàëèé Â. Ðÿáöåâ. Ñàïñàí â Áàéêàëü- population in Yamal and Lower Ob region. ñêîì ðåãèîíå, Ðîññèÿ. Vitaliy V. Ryabtsev. Peregrine Falcon in the Åâãåíèé Øåðãàëèí. Êðàòêèé îáçîð ðóñ- Baikal region, Russia. ñêîÿçû÷íîé ëèòåðàòóðû ïî ñàïñàíó çà Jevgeni Shergalin. Brief review of the Rus- 1995–2007 ãã. sian-language literature on the Peregrine Îòäåëüíûå ãëàâû ñáîðíèêà, ñîäåðæàùèå Falcon between 1995–2007. ñïåöèàëüíûå ñòàòüè, ïîñâÿùåíû ïèòàíèþ, There are chapters on food and feeding, âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿì ñàïñàíà ñ ÷åëîâåêîì, the relationship between Peregrines and âêëþ÷àÿ ðîëü ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû â ñîõðàíå- man, including the role of falconry in Pere- íèè ñàïñàíà, ïðîãðàììàì ðåèíòðîäóêöèè grine conservation, papers on reintroduc- â ðàçëè÷íûõ ñòðàíàõ, à òàêæå ãîðîäñêèì tion programmes in numerous countries and New Publications and Videos Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 187

ïîïóëÿöèÿì ñàïñàíîâ. Êðîìå òîãî, ñáîð- others concerning Peregrines living in urban íèê ñîäåðæèò ñòàòüè ïî áàëîáàíó â Âîñ- landscapes. Furthermore, this book also in- òî÷íîé Åâðîïå è ñðàâíåíèþ ñòàòóñà ýòîãî cludes papers on Saker Falcons, comparing âèäà ñ ñàïñàíîì. the status of species with the Peregrine from Ñáîðíèê ñòàòåé ìîæíî ïðèîáðåñòè ÷å- their central European stronghold. ðåç âåá-ñàéò Àññîöèàöèè «Ñàïñàí»16. Ñòî- The book can be bought on web-site of èìîñòü ñáîðíèêà – 59,0 Åâðî. NGO “Sokol”16. Price is 59.0 Euro. Êîíòàêò (15). Contact (15).

DVD ДИСКИ

 2009 ã. âûøåë â ñâåò DVD «Ãíåçäÿùèå- DVD Breeding Birds of the Western Pal- ñÿ ïòèöû Çàïàäíîé Ïàëåàðêòèêè: Ãí¸çäà, earctic: Nests, Eggs, Nestlings, Fledglings ÿéöà, ïòåíöû, ñë¸òêè è ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ» and Habitats have published by Bird- (Breeding Birds of the Western Palearc- Guides Ltd., in 2009. ISBN 987-1-89811- tic: Nests, Eggs, Nestlings, Fledglings and 050-5. Habitats). ISBN 987-1-89811-050-5. This DVD will take you on an amaz- Ýòîò DVD ïîçâîëèò îñóùåñòâèòü âèðòó- ing journey exploring the rich and diverse àëüíîå ïóòåøåñòâèå â ìèð áèîëîãèè ðàç- breeding biology of the avifauna of Europe, ìíîæåíèÿ ïòèö Åâðîïû, Ñåâåðíîé Àôðè- North Africa and the Middle East. The vast êè è Ñðåäíåãî Âîñòîêà. Áîãàòàÿ êîëëåêöèÿ collection of photographs presented on this ôîòîãðàôèé, ïðåäñòàâëåííûõ â ýòîì DVD, DVD-ROM is the result of the most exten- ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïîëíîé ñáîðêîé ôîòî- sive effort ever undertaken to document (16) Contact ãðàôèé, çàïå÷àòëåâøèõ ðàçíûå ñòîðîíû the breeding cycle of birds. Decades of BirdGuides Ltd ðàçìíîæåíèÿ ïòèö. Ïèòåð Êàñòåëë è Ðè- painstaking fieldwork by Peter and Richard P.O. Box 4104, Sheffield ÷àðä Êàñòåëë â êîîïåðàöèè ñ ôîòîãðà- Castell, supplemented by other skilled pho- S25 9BS, UK tel.: ôàìè èç ðàçíûõ ñòðàí ìèðà çàâåðøèëè tographers from many countries (including +44 (0)1909 560992 ìíîãîëåòíèé ñáîð ïîëåâîãî ìàòåðèàëà Russia and Kazakhstan), has resulted in a [email protected] óíèêàëüíûì èçäàíèåì, ñîäåðæàùèì ôîòî- unique visual record of breeding birds in the ãðàôè÷åñêóþ èíôîðìàöèþ î ðàçìíîæå- Western Palearctic. This edition includes al- íèè ïòèö Çàïàäíîé Ïàëåàðêòèêè. Äàííîå most 9000 images, covering no fewer than èçäàíèå âêëþ÷àåò ïî÷òè 9000 ôîòîãðàôèé 735 of the 756 species that breed in the re- íå ìåíåå ÷åì 735–756 âèäîâ, ðàçìíîæà- gion. Many aspects of reproductive biology þùèõñÿ â ðàññìàòðèâàåìîì ðåãèîíå.  èç- are covered, including: äàíèè ðàñêðûòû ìíîãèå àñïåêòû áèîëîãèè – typical habitats, ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, âêëþ÷àÿ: – nest sites, – òèïè÷íûå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ, – nests, – ìåñòà óñòðîéñòâà ãí¸çä, – eggs (most showing several examples – ãí¸çäà, of variation), – ÿéöà (äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà âèäîâ ïîêàçàíû – young (most showing several differ- ðàçëè÷íûå âàðèàöèè îêðàñêè), ent stages, from hatching to fledging, and – ïòåíöû (äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâà âèäîâ ïîêàçà- many juveniles), íû ïòåíöû ðàçíîãî âîçðàñòà), – adults for many species, mainly at – äëÿ ìíîãèõ âèäîâ ïîêàçàíû âçðîñëûå nests, ïòèöû, â îñíîâíîì â ãí¸çäàõ, – concise text information for every spe- – äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà ïðèâîäèòñÿ êðàòêàÿ cies. èíôîðìàöèÿ î í¸ì. System requirements: Windows 2000/ Ñèñòåìíûå òðåáîâàíèÿ: Windows 2000/ XP/Vista, Mac OS X 10.4.x/10.5.x. XP/Vista, Mac OS X 10.4.x/10.5.x. The DVD is available in website of the Äèñê ìîæíî ïðèîáðåñòè ÷åðåç âåá-ñàéò BirdGuides17. You may buy DVD having ad- BirdGuides17 ëèáî îáðàòèòüñÿ ïî óêàçàí- dressed to the mentioned contacts nam- íûì êîíòàêòàì, íàçâàâ íîìåð ïðîäóêòà: ing the sale number: 0800 919391. Price 0800 919391. Ñòîèìîñòü äèñêà £99,95. £99.95. Êîíòàêò (16). Contact (16).

16 http://www.falconline.eu/shop/11-28-0-Peregrine-Falcon-populations---status-and-perspectives-in-the-21st-century.html 17 http://www.birdguides.com/estore/browse.asp?id=1870 188 Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2009, 16 Ñîäåðæàíèå

Ñîäåðæàíèå Contents

Ñîáûòèÿ ...... 3 Events ...... 3 Îáçîðû è êîììåíòàðèè ...... 22 Reviews and Comments ...... 22 Àçèàòñêîé Ñåòè ïî Èçó÷åíèþ è Îõðàíå Õèùíûõ Asian Raptor and Conservation Networks Celebrated a Ïòèö âòîðîé äåñÿòîê ëåò – ïåðâûå èòîãè. 10-year Anniversary – the First Results. Øåðãàëèí Å.Ý...... 22 Shergalin J.E...... 22 Îõðàíà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ...... 25 Raptor Conservation ...... 25 Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ íåÿñûòåé â èñêóññòâåííûå Results of the Ural Owl and Tawny Owl Attracting ãí¸çäà â Ñàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. into Nestboxes in the Samara District, Russia. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï., Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Karyakin I.V., Levashkin A.P., Pazhenkov A.S., Êîðæåâ Ä.À...... 25 Korzhev D.A...... 25 Ðåçóëüòàòû ïðèâëå÷åíèÿ äëèííîõâîñòîé íåÿñûòè Results of the Ural Owl Attracting into Nestboxes â èñêóññòâåííûå ãíåçäîâüÿ â Íèæåãîðîäñêîé in the N. Novgorod District, Russia. îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï...... 42 Levashkin A.P...... 42 Ãèáåëü ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ íà ËÝÏ íà Àëòàå: Raptor Electrocution in the Altai Region: Results of ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé 2009 ãîäà, Ðîññèÿ. Surveys in 2009, Russia. Karyakin I.V., Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã., Âàæîâ Ñ.Â., Nikolenko E.G., Vazhov S.V., Bekmansurov R.H...... 45 Áåêìàíñóðîâ Ð.Õ...... 45 Practice of Applying of Bird Protective Devices for Îïûò âíåäðåíèÿ ïòèöåçàùèòíîãî óñòðîéñòâà «ÏÇÓ Power Lines 6–10 kV in the Ulyanovsk District, 6–10 ê» â Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. Russia. Saltykov A.V...... 65 Ñàëòûêîâ À.Â...... 65 Raptor Research ...... 68 Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ...... 68 About Geographic Variances of the Saker Falcon. Ê âîïðîñó î ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîé èçìåí÷èâîñòè Pfeffer R...... 68 áàëîáàíîâ. Ïôåôôåð Ð...... 68 Peregrine Falcon in the Altai-Sayan Region, Russia. Ñàïñàí â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå, Ðîññèÿ. Karyakin I.V., Nikolenko E.G...... 96 Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã...... 96 Imperial Eagle in the Altai Mountains: Results Ìîãèëüíèê â ãîðàõ Àëòàÿ: ðåçóëüòàòû 2009 ãîäà, of the Research in 2009, Russia. Karyakin I.V., Ðîññèÿ. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã., Nikolenko E.G., Vazhov S.V., Bekmansurov R.H. .129 Âàæîâ Ñ.Â., Áåêìàíñóðîâ Ð.Õ...... 129 Number and Distribution of the Common Buzzard ×èñëåííîñòü è ðàñïðåäåëåíèå êàíþêà â in the Kerzhenskiy State Nature Reserve, Russia. Êåðæåíñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå, Ðîññèÿ. Novikova L.M...... 139 Íîâèêîâà Ë.Ì...... 139 Notes About Distribution of Birds of Prey in the Ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ õèùíûõ ïòèö Åðàâíèíñêîãî Eravninskiy Region of the Republic of Burjatia, ðàéîíà Ðåñïóáëèêè Áóðÿòèÿ, Ðîññèÿ. Russia. Popov V.V., Ananin A.A...... 151 Ïîïîâ Â.Â., Àíàíèí À.À...... 151 Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ...... 158 Short Reports...... 158 Âòîðàÿ íàõîäêà ãíåçäà ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ â The Second Registration of the Pallid Harrier Íèæåãîðîäñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. Nesting in the N.Novgorod District, Russia. Ëåâàøêèí À.Ï...... 158 Levashkin A.P...... 158 Î ñòàòóñå äîìîâîãî ñû÷à â ×óâàøñêîé Status of the Little Owl in the Republic of Ðåñïóáëèêå, Ðîññèÿ. Ëàñòóõèí À.À...... 160 Chuvashiya, Russia. Lastukhin A.A...... 160 Íåòèïè÷íûå ñëó÷àè ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà Records of the Imperial Eagle Atypical Nesting íà þãå Óëüÿíîâñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. in the South of the Ulyanovsk District, Russia. Êîðåïîâ Ì.Â...... 161 Korepov M.V...... 161 Contents Raptors Conservation 2009, 16 189

Ðîñò ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà íà Íèæíåé Êàìå The Number of Peregrine Falcons Continues to ïðîäîëæàåòñÿ, Ðîññèÿ. Áåêìàíñóðîâ Ð.Õ...... 164 Increase in the Lower Reaches of the Kama River, Russia. Bekmansurov R.H...... 164 Àíîìàëüíî ïîçäíÿÿ âñòðå÷à ÷åðíîóõîãî êîðøóíà â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ, Ðîññèÿ. Anomalous Late Record of the Black-Eared Kite Âàæîâ Ñ.Â., Áàõòèí Ð.Ô...... 167 in the Foothills of the Altai Mountains, Russia. Vazhov S.V., Bachtin R.F...... 167 Íîâûå íàáëþäåíèÿ çìååÿäà íà Àëòàå, Ðîññèÿ. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã., Âàæîâ Ñ.Â...... 168 New Records of the Short-Toed Eagle in the Altai Mountains, Russia. Karyakin I.V., Äâà ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñêîïû â Öåíòðàëüíîì Nikolenko E.G., Vazhov S.V...... 168 Àëòàå, Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé, Ðîññèÿ. Ýðíñò Ø., Ýðíñò Ê., Ëèíäíåð Ì...... 169 Two Osprey Breeding Sites in the Central Altai, Altai Republic, Russia. Íîâûå äàííûå î ïàäàëüùèêàõ Àëòàÿ, Ðîññèÿ. Ernst S., Ernst C., Lindner M...... 169 Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã., Âàæîâ Ñ.Â., Áåêìàíñóðîâ Ð.Õ...... 173 New Data on Vultures of the Altai Mountains, Russia. Karyakin I.V., Nikolenko E.G., Ïåðâàÿ äîêóìåíòàëüíàÿ âñòðå÷à êóðãàííèêà Vazhov S.V., Bekmansurov R.H...... 173 íà Àëòàå, Ðîññèÿ. Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Íèêîëåíêî Ý.Ã., Âàæîâ Ñ.Â., Áåêìàíñóðîâ Ð.Õ. .176 First Record of the Long-Legged Buzzard in the Altai Mountains, Russia. Karyakin I.V., Èíòåðåñíûå íàõîäêè ãí¸çä ïîëåâîãî ëóíÿ è Nikolenko E.G., Vazhov S.V., Bekmansurov R.H. .176 óøàñòîé ñîâû â Èðêóòñêîé îáëàñòè, Ðîññèÿ. Ïîïîâ Â.Â., Ôåôåëîâ È.Â...... 178 Interesting Finds for Nests of Hen Harrier and Long-Eared Owl in the Irkutsk District, Russia. Âñòðå÷è õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîâ â Âîñòî÷íîé Popov V.V., Fefelov I.V...... 178 Ìîíãîëèè. Áàðàøêîâà À.Í...... 180 Records of Birds of Prey and Owl in Eastern Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû ...... 184 Mongolia. Barashkova A.N...... 180 New Publications and Videos ...... 184

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