DOCSLIB.ORG

Pictorial Projections Prof Ahmed Kovacevic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pictorial Projections Prof Ahmed Kovacevic Design web ME 1110 – Engineering Practice 1 Engineering Drawing and Design - Lecture 3 Pictorial projections Prof Ahmed Kovacevic School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Room CG25, Phone: 8780, E-Mail: [email protected] www.staff.city.ac.uk/~ra600/intro.htm 1 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Objectives for today How to represent a 3-D object effectively on a 2-D drawing surface with a single view (pictorials) How to generate pictorials using only hand drawing tools Recognize types of pictorials 2 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Exercise DrE-2 for this week 3 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web 4 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web 5 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Pictorials Definition: A sketch developed for ease of visualization that shows an objects height, width, and depth in a single view Particularly useful for non-technical audiences » Pictorials are generally not dimensioned » Surfaces are often shaded » Hidden lines are not shown Helpful in the ideation phase of design May be easily drawn with CAD programs 6 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Pictorials Parallel Projection » Oblique Pictorials – Parallel projectors are not perpendicular to the projection plane » Axonometric Pictorials – Projection lines are perpendicular to the projection plane as in a multiview drawing – Example is Isometric Perspective Projection » Conveys information about distance and size » Not as common as parallel projection 7 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Pictorials 8 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Axonometric views 9 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Theory of isometric projection 10 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Isometric projection - drawing 11 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Size 12 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Positions of isometric axes and their effect on the view created 13 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Isometric and non-isometric lines 14 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web An isometric drawing Hidden lines are usually not shown 15 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web The basic steps used to create an isometric sketch of an object 16 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Isometric representation of circles 17 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web 18 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Steps used to construct a sketch of an isometric cylinder 19 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Steps used to construct a sketch of a semi-ellipse 20 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Angles and irregular shapes in an isometric sketch 21 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Isometric Assembly Drawing Design web 22 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Oblique projection 23 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Types and angles of oblique projections 24 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web How to generate oblique projection The construction of an oblique sketch is a multistep process that begins by boxing in the front view, adding details, and then boxing in the depth dimension 25 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Yes and No for oblique projections 26 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Perspective projections 27 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Vanishing point 28 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Horizon line position 29 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web How to create a one point perspective? 30 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London Design web Exercise DrE-2 31 Ahmed Kovacevic, City University London.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHAPTER 6 PICTORIAL SKETCHING 6-1Four Types of Projections
    CHAPTER 6 PICTORIAL SKETCHING 6-1Four Types of Projections Types of Projections 6-2 Axonometric Projection As shown in figure below, axonometric projections are classified as isometric projection (all axes equally foreshortened), dimetric projection (two axes equally shortened), and trimetric projection (all three axes foreshortened differently, requiring different scales for each axis). (cont) Figures below show the contrast between an isometric sketch (i.e., drawing) and an isometric projection. The isometric projection is about 25% larger than the isometric projection, but the pictorial value is obviously the same. When you create isometric sketches, you do not always have to make accurate measurements locating each point in the sketch exactly. Instead, keep your sketch in proportion. Isometric pictorials are great for showing piping layouts and structural designs. Step by Step 6.1. Isometric Sketching 6-4 Normal and Inclined Surfaces in Isometric View Making an isometric sketch of an object having normal surfaces is shown in figure below. Notice that all measurements are made parallel to the main edges of the enclosing box – that is, parallel to the isometric axes. (cont) Making an isometric sketch of an object that has inclined surfaces (and oblique edges) is shown below. Notice that inclined surfaces are located by offset, or coordinate measurements along the isometric lines. For example, distances E and F are used to locate the inclined surface M, and distances A and B are used to locate surface N. 6-5 Oblique Surfaces in Isometric View Oblique surfaces in isometric view may be drawn by finding the intersections of the oblique surfaces with isometric planes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Three-Dimensional User Interface
    32 The Three-Dimensional User Interface Hou Wenjun Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China 1. Introduction This chapter introduced the three-dimensional user interface (3D UI). With the emergence of Virtual Environment (VE), augmented reality, pervasive computing, and other "desktop disengage" technology, 3D UI is constantly exploiting an important area. However, for most users, the 3D UI based on desktop is still a part that can not be ignored. This chapter interprets what is 3D UI, the importance of 3D UI and analyses some 3D UI application. At the same time, according to human-computer interaction strategy and research methods and conclusions of WIMP, it focus on desktop 3D UI, sums up some design principles of 3D UI. From the principle of spatial perception of people, spatial cognition, this chapter explained the depth clues and other theoretical knowledge, and introduced Hierarchical Semantic model of “UE”, Scenario-based User Behavior Model and Screen Layout for Information Minimization which can instruct the design and development of 3D UI. This chapter focuses on basic elements of 3D Interaction Behavior: Manipulation, Navigation, and System Control. It described in 3D UI, how to use manipulate the virtual objects effectively by using Manipulation which is the most fundamental task, how to reduce the user's cognitive load and enhance the user's space knowledge in use of exploration technology by using navigation, and how to issue an order and how to request the system for the implementation of a specific function and how to change the system status or change the interactive pattern by using System Control.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Drawing
    LECTURE NOTES For Environmental Health Science Students Engineering Drawing Wuttet Taffesse, Laikemariam Kassa Haramaya University In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2005 Funded under USAID Cooperative Agreement No. 663-A-00-00-0358-00. Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this publication for educational, not-for-profit use by health care workers, students or faculty. All copies must retain all author credits and copyright notices included in the original document. Under no circumstances is it permissible to sell or distribute on a commercial basis, or to claim authorship of, copies of material reproduced from this publication. ©2005 by Wuttet Taffesse, Laikemariam Kassa All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided above, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the author or authors. This material is intended for educational use only by practicing health care workers or students and faculty in a health care field. PREFACE The problem faced today in the learning and teaching of engineering drawing for Environmental Health Sciences students in universities, colleges, health institutions, training of health center emanates primarily from the unavailability of text books that focus on the needs and scope of Ethiopian environmental students.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Orthographic Projection: Projectors Orthog
    Projections Perspective projection n Projecting: mapping from 3D viewing coordinates to 2D coordinates in projection plane. In homogeneous coordinates it is a map from 4D viewing coordinates to 3D. n Projections n Parallel: orthogonal and oblique n Perspective n Canonical views: orthographic and perspective projections Projectors intersect at COP Viewing, projections Hofstra University 16 Viewing, projections Hofstra University 17 Parallel Projections Parallel projections: summary n Center of projection is at infinity. n Projectors are parallel. n Parallel lines stay parallel n There is no forshorthening n Distances and angles are transformed consistently n Used most often in engineering design, CAD systems. Used for top and side drawings from Projectors parallel. which measurements could be made. COP at infinity. Viewing, projections Hofstra University 18 Viewing, projections Hofstra University 19 Orthographic Projection: projectors orthogonal to projection plane Orthographic Projections same for all points DOP (direction of projectors) DOP is perpendicular to the view plane Viewing, projections Hofstra University 20 Viewing, projections Hofstra University 21 1 Multiview Parallel Projection Isometric Projection Projector makes equal angles with all three principal axes Faces are parallel to the projection plane All three axes are equally foreshortened Viewing, projections Hofstra University 22 Viewing, projections Hofstra University 23 Oblique Parallel Projections Mechanical Drawing n Most general parallel views n Projectors make an arbitrary angle with the projection plane n Angles in planes parallel to the projection plane are preserved isometric Viewing, projections Hofstra University 24 Viewing, projections Hofstra University 25 Oblique Projections: projectors are not Perspective Projection orthogonal to image plane n Most natural for people Cavalier n In human vision, perspective projection of the world is Angle between projectors and projection plane is 45°.
    [Show full text]
  • Isometric Projections
    Acknowledgement • Main contributors of Engineering Drawing lecture slides preparation and modification as well as lab/tutorial questions preparation are: – Prof. S.C. Mishra, IIT Guwahati – Prof. C.V.R. Murty, IIT Kanpur – Prof. P.S. Robi, IIT Guwahati – Dr. Subhasis Dutta, IIT Guwahati – Dr. Sujit Dash, IIT Guwahati • This is to acknowledge that some slides are downloaded from internet. • Thanks to Dr. Rajib Bhattacharjya and Dr. Arindam Dey for uploading the final lecture slides in internet. • Thanks to all other colleagues and academic staff members, whose name I missed to mention in this page. ME 111: Engineering Drawing Date: 17/10/2011 Lecture 15 Isometric Projections Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati – 781039 2 Announcement • Makeup lab class (Lab 12): – Inform the respective Tutor one week before lab 12 or during lab 11, about the lab (only one) you want to perform as makeup class. – Give Your Name, Roll No., Group No. and Lab details • End semester examination: – 19th Nov. 2011 (Saturday), and – 20th Nov. 2011 (Sunday) The axonometric projection is produced by multiple parallel lines of sight perpendicular to the plane of projection, with the observer at infinity and the object rotated about an axis to produce a pictorial view Axonometric projection - is a parallel projection technique used to create a pictorial drawing of an object by rotating the object on an axis relative to a projection or picture plane. The differences between a multiview drawing and an axonometric drawing are that, in a multiview, only two dimensions of an object are visible in each view and more than one view is required to define the object; whereas, in an axonometric drawing, the object is rotated about an axis to display all three dimensions, and only one view is required.
    [Show full text]
  • Visualizing Continuity Between 2D and 3D Graphic Representations
    INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION CONFERENCE 2–3 SEPTEMBER 2004 DELFT THE NETHERLANDS VISUALIZING CONTINUITY BETWEEN 2D AND 3D GRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS Carolina Gill ABSTRACT Understanding the principles of graphic language is necessary for visualizing, representing, communicating and generating new 3D space/form. The relationships between the basic elements of graphic language are defined by specific sets of rules that affect the information communicated about the 3D form. These principles are related concepts that are dynamic in nature and difficult to portray using words, diagrams and static pictures. This paper explores issues regarding continuity between the representations of three- dimensional objects by means of two-dimensional diagrams. How the current pedagogical methods/media do not facilitate demonstrations of relationships between observer, object and representation, and how current attempts of using computer visualization do not leverage on the inherent characteristics of the computer environment. Keywords: continuity, connections, visualization, information 1 INTRODUCTION An idea must exist in the mind of the artist, engineer or designer before it can become a reality. The concept is developed on paper or a computer screen. It is then shared with others in the form of sketches, controlled line drawings, dimensioned drawings or computer generated images. These 2D representations are part of a structured language that communicates specific information about a 3D object or space. Proficiency in communicating through this language is essential to the success of any designer. Parallel projections and perspective projections are representations that depict an instance; a relationship between four constant elements: The object, the observer, the picture plane and the projection lines.
    [Show full text]
  • DESIGN GRAPHICS for ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION Whiteacre Lower Prices Visit the Following Websites to Learn More About This Book
    DESIGN GRAPHICS FOR ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION Camba, Otey Whiteacre Lower Prices Better Textbooks DESIGN GRAPHICS FOR ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION Jorge Dorribo Camba | Jeffrey Otey | Matthew Whiteacre SDC Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. PUBLICATIONS www.SDCpublications.com Visit the following websites to learn more about this book: Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Design Graphics for Engineering Communication 4 CHAPTER Pictorials 1. Introduction Technical illustrations provide detailed information about the shape, size, and material of a product or design and they need to be accurate, clear, and unambiguous. Although objects are three-dimensional, representing 3D objects accurately on 2D media, such as paper, is not trivial and requires special care. The precise representation of an object on a plane (called picture plane or projection plane) from a particular point of view is called true projection. Think of the picture plane as a paper located between the viewer and the object. A drawing is created by connecting the points where the lines of sight from the viewer’s position, traveling to the different points on the object, intersect the projection plane (see Figure 4.1). Drawing true projections of objects is a laborious process, so alternative projection meth- ods have been developed to simplify this task. This simplification is accomplished by taking angles and measurements to produce a projection that resembles the true projection of the object. One of these projection methods has already been discussed in the previous chapter; orthographic drawings use three principal orthographic planes (horizontal, frontal, and profile) as picture planes to produce several views of an object. For each view, the observer is located at infinity in front of the pro- jection plane, hence the lines of sight travel parallel to each other in the direction of the object and hit the picture plane perpendicularly.
    [Show full text]
  • Engineering Graphics with SOLIDWORKS 2021
    Engineering Graphics with SOLIDWORKS® 2021 A Step-by-Step Project Based Approach David C. Planchard, CSWP, SOLIDWORKS Accredited Educator SDC Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. PUBLICATIONS www.SDCpublications.com Visit the following websites to learn more about this book: Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Engineering Graphics with SOLIDWORKS® 2021 Isometric Projection and Multi View Drawings Chapter 2 Isometric Projection and Multi View Drawings Below are the desired outcomes and usage competencies based on the completion of Chapter 2. Desired Outcomes: Usage Competencies: • Understand Isometric • Identify the three main projection divisions in Projection and 2D sketching. freehand engineering sketches and drawings: o Axonometric, Oblique, and Perspective • Knowledge of additional • Create one and two view drawings. Projection views and arrangement of drawing views. • Comprehend the history and • Identify the development of historic CAD evolution of CAD and the systems and SOLIDWORKS features, development of parameters and design intent of a sketch, part, SOLIDWORKS. assembly, and drawing. • Recognize Boolean operations • Apply the Boolean operation: Union, and feature based modeling. Difference, and Intersection. PAGE 2 - 1 Isometric Projection and Multi View Drawings Engineering Graphics with SOLIDWORKS® 2021 Notes: PAGE 2 - 2 Engineering Graphics with SOLIDWORKS® 2021 Isometric Projection and Multi View Drawings Chapter 2 - Isometric Projection and Multi View Drawings Chapter Overview Chapter 2 provides a general introduction into Isometric Projection and Sketching along with Additional Projections and arrangement of views. It also covers advanced drawing views and an introduction from manual drafting to CAD. On the completion of this chapter, you will be able to: • Understand and explain Isometric Projection. • Create an Isometric sketch.
    [Show full text]
  • Viewing Outline
    VIEWING OUTLINE • Positioning a Camera • Projections • Orthogonal • Perspective COMPUTER VIEWING • There are three aspects of the viewing process, all of which are implemented in the pipeline, • Positioning the camera • Setting the model-view matrix • Selecting a lens • Setting the projection matrix • Clipping • Setting the view volume 3 THE OPENGL CAMERA • In OpenGL, initially the object and camera frames are the same • Default model-view matrix is an identity • The camera is located at origin and points in the negative z direction • OpenGL also specifies a default view volume that is a cube with sides of length 2 centered at the origin • Default projection matrix is an identity 4 MOVING THE CAMERA FRAME • If we want to visualize object with both positive and negative z values we can either • Move the camera in the positive z direction • Translate the camera frame • Move the objects in the negative z direction • Translate the world frame • Both of these views are equivalent and are determined by the model-view matrix • Want a translation (Translate(0.0,0.0,-d);) • d > 0 5 MOVING CAMERA BACK FROM ORIGIN frames after translation by –d default frames d > 0 6 A LOOKAT FUNCTION • Given: • the location of the camera/eye (a point) • the location of the target to look at (a point) • a suitable “up” direction in the world space, usually y axis (a vector) • Create the transformation matrix to “move” the camera/world so it reflects this configuration 7 CAMERA COORDINATE SYSTEM THE LOOKAT MATRIX A LOOKAT METHOD IN JAVA/JOGL (1/2) private Matrix 3D
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION Drawing and Detailing with Solidworks Is Written to Educate and Assist Students, Designers, Engineers, and Professi
    Drawing and Detailing with SolidWorks 2012 Introduction INTRODUCTION Drawing and Detailing with SolidWorks is written to educate and assist students, designers, engineers, and professionals in the drawing and detailing tools of SolidWorks. Explore the learning process through a series of design situations, industry scenarios, projects, and objectives target towards the beginning to intermediate SolidWorks user. Work through numerous activities to create multiple-view, multiple-sheet, detailed drawings, and assembly drawings. Develop Drawing templates, Sheet formats, and Custom Properties. Construct drawings that incorporate part configurations, assembly configurations, and design tables with equations. Manipulate annotations in parts, drawings, assemblies, Revision tables, Bills of Materials and more. Apply your drawing and detailing knowledge to over thirty exercises. The exercises test your usage competency as well as explore additional topics with industry examples. Advanced exercises require the ability to create parts and assemblies. Drawing and Detailing with SolidWorks is not a reference book for all drafting and drawing techniques and tools. The book provides information and examples in the following areas: History of engineering graphics, manual sketching techniques, orthographic projection, isometric projection, multi-view drawings, dimensioning practices, fasteners in general, tolerance and fit and the history of CAD leading to the development of SolidWorks. Start a SolidWorks 2012 session and to understand the following interfaces: Menu bar toolbar, Menu bar menu, Drop-down menus, Context toolbars, Consolidated drop- down toolbars, System feedback icons, Confirmation Corner, Heads-up View toolbar, Document Properties and more. Apply Document Properties to reflect the ASME Y14 Engineering Drawing and related Drawing Practices. Import an AutoCAD file as a Sheet format.
    [Show full text]
  • Isometric Projections
    ENGN103 ENGINEERING DRAWING ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS L E C T U R E 4 WHAT IS ISOMETRIC DRAWING? It is a method of producing pictorial view of an object showing all three faces of the object simultaneously. It is a type of parallel projection. It is a type of axonometric projection. ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS Observer is placed at infinity. Projectors parallel to each other and perpendicular to projection plane. Object is inclined with respect to projection plane in order to see all the three faces. ISOMETRIC TERMINOLOGY 1. The three coordinate axes are called isometric axes. 2. Any line parallel to isometric axes is called isometric line. 3. A non-isometric line is a line not parallel to any of the three isometric axis. 4. In isometric projection of cube, the faces of the cube and any plane parallel to them is called isometric planes. ISOMETRIC SCALE • True lengths of the edges of the object are equally foreshortened. • Correct isometric projection can be drawn using an isometric scale (always smaller than ordinary scale) Isometric Projection: Drawing prepared with isometric scale on isometric axes Isometric Drawing: Drawing prepared with ordinary scale on isometric axes MAKING ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS: Step 1 Isometric sketches begin with defining isometric axes, three lines, one vertical and two drawn at 30° from the horizontal. Step 2 Three lines of the isometric axes represent the three primary dimensions of the object: width, height, and depth Step 3 Draw the front face of the isometric block. Step 4 Draw the rest of the isometric block. Step 5 Add details to the block starting from the front face.
    [Show full text]
  • MECHANICAL DESIGN 1 and 2 COURSE CODES: 6172, 6173
    MECHANICAL DESIGN 1 and 2 COURSE CODES: 6172, 6173 COURSE DESCRIPTION The Mechanical Design program prepares students to perform entry-level tasks under the supervision of an experienced drafter or engineer. Instruction includes safety, basic drafting techniques, geometric constructions, sketching, shape description, size description, drawing conventions, computer-aided design, manufacturing processes, applied geometry, and technical illustration. Upon successful completion of the Mechanical Design program, students will be prepared for postsecondary education and entry-level mechanical-related careers. RESOURCES www.mysctextbooks.com CREDIT 1-3 Carnegie units per course (code); dependent upon school’s schedule UNIT A: PERFORMING WORK SAFETY PRACTICES 1. Apply safety policies and procedures. 2. Maintain a clean, orderly, safe work area. 3. Operate a fire extinguisher. UNIT B: DEMONSTRATING FREEHAND SKETCHING SKILLS 1. Sketch straight lines. 2. Sketch circles and arcs. 3. Sketch curved lines. 4. Sketch multi-view drawings. 5. Sketch pictorial drawings. 6. Draw freehand technical lettering. 7. Indicate overall dimensions. UNIT C: DEMONSTRATING BASIC DESIGN TECHNIQUES (STANDARD AND METRIC) 1. Select proper drawing instruments and equipment to complement the design media. 2. Measure using standard scales/measuring devices. 3. Draw straight lines and angles. 4. Draw circles and arcs. 5. Draw irregular curved lines. 6. Demonstrate proper use, care, and adjustment of design instruments and equipment. 7. Draw line symbols using alphabet of lines. 8. Draw geometric figures using straight and curved lines. 1 9. Draw borderlines and title block. 10. Perform drawing setup to applicable standards (e.g., setting layers, line type, and width). 11. Identify and use view and display commands (e.g., zoom, pan, viewports, and rotation).
    [Show full text]