PLATE Of cargos and people 04 Multiplicity of exchanges

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Reference points Channel Tunnel - Freight and passengers traffics (2009-2011) Freight traffic (2010) Passengers traffic (2010) Total passenger traffic ] *OHUULSHYLH! [VUZ ] Channel area: 33 229 296 passengers 2009 ] -YLUJOZPKL!   [VUZ ] French side: 16 966 296 passengers 9 220 233 2010 9 528 558 ] English side: 137 585 780 tons ] English side: 16 263 000 passengers 2011 9 679 764 Main types de freight transport (2010) routes (2012) ] Liquid bulk (oil and hydrocarbons) ] 7 ferry companies operating in the Channel area. Total freight (tons) ] Containers ] 130 crossings each day. 2009 ] Ro-Ro / Lo-Lo ] 12 regulared routes crossing the Channel area. 11 800 000 2010 ] YLN\SHYJYVZZPUNZ[V[OL*OHUULS0ZSHUKZ 11 300 000 regular routes to Ireland and 3 to Spain. 2011 13 000 000

Photo : G. Milledrogues, 2007.

5 ° w 0 ° North Sea ;OL *OHUULS PZ VUL VM [OL I\ZPLZ[ JVYYPKVYZ VM THYP[PTL [YHMÄJ PU [OL ^VYSK (M[LY Cross-Channel freight entering the Channel it usually continues on beyond the Strait – only a small proportion and passengers from main , 2010 of it drops anchor at the various ports within the Channel itself.

Cork Rosslare Newhaven Weymouth Dunkerque 0UTPSSPVU[VUZVMMYLPNO[WHZZLK[OYV\NO[OL]HYPV\ZWVY[ZVM[OLHYLHHUK some 33.2 million passengers travelled on one of the cross-Channel ferry companies. Plymouth Total freight 2010 (tons) Total number of passengers 2010 50 ° English 35 000 000 5 000 000 Freight transport largely focuses on four ports – of which the two busiest ( in Channel -YHUJLHUK:V\[OHTW[VUPU,UNSHUKHJJV\U[MVY VMJYVZZ*OHUULSMYLPNO[[YHMÄJ 1 000 000 50 ° 1 000 000 between them. Major disparities in terms of tonnage transported between ports, stem Plymouth Poole Portsmouth Newhaven Dover from both the type of freight transported and the specialisation of the ports in question. Cherbourg Le Havre Accordingly, all of the ferry ports see transits of between one and four million tons of freight a each year - with the exception of Calais and Dover which registered between Caen Granville 25 and 37 million tons of freight in 2010. The goods transported are mainly petroleum Note: HUKNHZWYVK\J[ZHUKTVYLNLULYHSS`SPX\PKI\SRJHYNV*VU[HPULYZTPSSPVU[VUZ Roscoff The English harbour St Malo statistics do not take into HUK9V9V[YHMÄJ TPSSPVU[VUZULLK[VILHKKLK[V[OPZ[V[HS:VSPKI\SRJHYNVPZ account the tare of dominated by cereals, whilst agricultural products lie in fourth place. vehicules in the calculation of tonnage, with the However the Channel ports are not just concerned with trading, and for centuries

© F. Turbout, UCBN, 2012. Turbout, © F. Rosco Saint-Malo Cherbourg Caen Le Havre Dieppe Boulogne Calais Dunkerque di!erence of French ports. have also been points of arrival and departure for travellers. 17 million passengers Ferry links, 2012 have been counted on the French side and a little over 16 million on the British side. Ferry compagnies Sources: Harbours statitics, CCI des ports, Ministry of Equality of Territories and for Housing (France), Department of Transports. Some 91,000 people on average cross the Channel each day. More than 70% of these LD Lines / DFDS Ports Freight (tons) passengers pass through Dover and Calais, with the Dover- and Portsmouth- P&O Ferries Condor Ferries Boulogne-sur-Mer 1 755 164 Caen lines proving the next most popular. On average, 120 ferry rotations take Santander 2 944 039 Bilbao Atlantic Ocean LD Lines Irish Ferries Brest place on a daily basis on the twelve regular cross-Channel lines. Many of these are Caen 3 847 390 JVUJLU[YH[LKHYV\UK[OL:[YHP[^OLYL[OLÄLYJLJVTWL[P[PVUOHZJYLH[LKHTHRLVY My Ferry Link Celtic Links Calais 37 798 809 1 807 824 break situation for companies vulnerable in the face of economic uncertainly. LD Lines km 0 50 100 Cherbourg Lambert I North projection mi 1 763 615 5 ° w 0 ° 0 50 100 Dieppe has gradually taken the lead in the central Channel area, while remains Dunkerque 42 979 590 Le Havre 70 216 818 KVTPUHU[PU[OL>LZ[LYU*OHUULS^P[O`LHYZVMZLY]PJLHSYLHK`PU[OPZZ[YL[JOVM Lorient 2 592 075 the sea. The Cross-Channel lattice of services provided by ferry companies has changed greatly over the last Rosco 484 587 Rouen 26 687 569 ;YHMÄJ\ZPUN[OL*OHUULS;\UULSPZZ[LHKPS`WPJRPUN\W^P[O TPSSPVUWHZZLUNLYZHUK ÄM[LLU `LHYZ VY TVYL :VTL JVTWHUPLZ OH]L KPZHWWLHYLK MYVT [OL *OHUULS /V]LYZWLLK :[LUH Type of freight Line, Sally Line, and, more recently, Sea France), whereas others have gone from strength to strength Saint-Malo 1 972 628 almost 13 million tons of freight passing through in 2011. 494 217 (Brittany Ferries). Some companies have ceased services on some routes, concentrated their activities Saint-Brieuc Liquid bulk Dover 24 093 076 The sheer volume of goods and people crossing this maritime zone every day VU[HYNL[LKNLVNYHWOPJHSHYLHZ7 6PU[OL+V]LY:[YHP[VYVWLULK\WUL^SPURZ[V0YLSHUKHUK:WHPU Fowey 773 330 Dry bulk underlines the great importance of this economic and trading axis within the immediate for example. Other operators have revived routes that had lain dormant (LD Lines), or have grouped 48 062 452 London hinterlands of the major European capitals of London and Paris. together to make a better stand against competition (DFDS and LD Lines in the Dover Strait). Medway 13 970 865 TEU To these frequent changes to the Cross-Channel seascape should be added a new dimension Newhaven 823 515 In the future, technological developments remain crucial and unavoidable as does the Plymouth 2 207 875 RO/RO that has transformed services links coast to coast during the summer season: the development Poole 981 531 opening up of new maritime routes, the growing global competition, all of which is of fast ships. Each year, from April to October, they enable the central Channel crossing to be Portsmouth 3 717 893 Others likely to impact on the character of this maritime corridor. made in four and a half hours. Ramsgate 3 717 893 Shoreham 1 851 467 Sources: Harbours statistics, CCI des ports, For further information: http://atlas-transmanche.certic.unicaen.fr Ministry of Equality of Territories and for Southampton 39 365 274 Housing (France), Department of Transports. © F. Turbout, UCBN, 2012. Turbout, © F.

© Frédérique Turbout, University of Caen Lower-Normandy. All rights reserved. Any reproduction of this publication, even partially, is prohibited without prior written authorization from the author.