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Guidelines for Bat Monitoring

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Guidelines for Bat Monitoring MINISTERO DELL’AMBIENTE ISTITUTO NAZIONALE E DELLA TUTELA DEL TERRITORIO E DEL MARE PER LA FAUNA SELVATICA Direzione per la Protezione della Natura Paolo Agnelli, Adriano Martinoli, Elena Patriarca, Danilo Russo, Dino Scaravelli & Piero Genovesi (Editors) Guidelines for bat monitoring Quaderni di Conservazione della Natura ISSN 1592-2901 ISSUE 19 BIS This publication series, specifically focused La collana “Quaderni di Conservazione on conservation problems of Italian wildlife, is della Natura” nasce dalla collaborazione in- the result of a co-operation between the Nature staurata tra il Ministero dell’Ambiente e Protection Service of the Italian Ministry of the della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare, Dire- Environment and for the Protection of the zione per la Protezione della Natura e l’Isti- Territory and the Sea and the National Wildlife tuto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica. Institute. Scopo della collana è quello di divulgare Aim of the series is to promote a wide le strategie di tutela e gestione del patrimo- circulation of the strategies for the wildlife nio faunistico nazionale elaborate dal Mini- preservation and management worked up by the stero con il contributo scientifico e tecnico Ministry of Environment and Territorial dell’I.N.F.S. Protection with the scientific and technical I temi trattati spaziano da quelli di ca- support of the National Wildlife Institute. rattere generale, che seguono un approccio The issues covered by this series range from multidisciplinare ed il più possibile olisti- general aspects, based on a multidisciplinary and co, a quelli dedicati a problemi specifici di holistic approach, to management and gestione o alla conservazione di singole conservation problems at specific level. specie. EDITORIAL BOARD ALDO COSENTINO, PIER LUIGI FIORENTINO, ALESSANDRO LA POSTA, SILVANO TOSO GRUPPO ITALIANO RICERCA CHIROTTERI Cover: Miniopterus schreibersii. Photo P. Agnelli MINISTERO DELL’AMBIENTE ISTITUTO NAZIONALE E DELLA TUTELA DEL TERRITORIO E DEL MARE PER LA FAUNA SELVATICA Direzione per la Protezione della Natura Paolo Agnelli, Adriano Martinoli, Elena Patriarca, Danilo Russo, Dino Scaravelli & Piero Genovesi (Editors) Guidelines for bat monitoring: methods for the study and conservation of bats in Italy 2006 QUADERNI DI CONSERVAZIONE DELLA NATURA ISSUE 19 BIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are greatly indebted to all members of Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Chirotteri (GIRC: Italian Chiroptera Research Group) for their collaboration and useful comments on the text. Special thanks to Paolo Debernardi and Damiano Preatoni for their contribution to the prepara- tion of chapters 3 and 5. Thanks to all who helped by providing information, photos and litera- ture sources for chapter 4, and especially: R. Arlettaz, P. Bonazzi, F. Bontadina, E. De Carli, L. Duvergè, F. Farina, L. Fornasari, C. Jaberg, G. Jones, G. Kerth, A. Martin, M. Mucedda, J. Quetglas, A. Ruggeri, R. Toffoli, S. Vergari, E. Vernier. Thanks also to Mauro Mucedda for helping with geographical range maps, Francesco Maria Angelici for his comments on a previous draft of the text, and Roberta Chirichella for helping with drawings. COORDINATION Adriano Martinoli AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS Chapter 1 “Introduction”: Paolo Agnelli, Adriano Martinoli Chapter 2 “Bat Species occurring in Italy”: Paolo Agnelli, Elena Patriarca, Adriano Martinoli Chapter 3 “Legal Framework”: Elena Patriarca Chapter 4 “Survey techniques and methods”: Danilo Russo Chapter 5 “Data storage and analysis”: Adriano Martinoli, Elena Patriarca LAYOUT Paola Santini TRANSLATION FROM ITALIAN Danilo Russo, Mark Weir Recommended citation: Agnelli P., A. Martinoli, E. Patriarca, D. Russo, D. Scaravelli e P. Genovesi (Editors), 2006 - Guidelines for bat monitoring: methods for the study and conservation of bats in Italy. Quad. Cons. Natura, 19 bis, Min. Ambiente - Ist. Naz. Fauna Selvatica, Rome and Ozzano dell’Emilia (Bologna), Italy All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval sistem, or tran- smitted in any form (electronic, electric, chemical, mechanical, optical, photostatic) or by any means without the prior permission of Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare. To prohibit selling: this publication is distributed free of charge by Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare and Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica. AUTHORS’ ADDRESSES PAOLO AGNELLI – Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”, Via Romana, 17 - 50125 Firenze - [email protected] ADRIANO MARTINOLI – Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Dunant, 3 - 21100 Varese - [email protected] ELENA PATRIARCA – Centro Ricerche Ecologia Applicata (C.R.E.A.), Via Catti Giorgio, 12 - 10146 Torino - [email protected] DANILO RUSSO – Laboratorio di Ecologia Applicata, Dip.to AR.BO.PA.VE., Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici (Napoli) and Bat Ecology and Bioacoustics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom - [email protected] IN COLLABORATION WITH DINO SCARAVELLI – Associazione Chiroptera Italica, via Veclezio, 10A, 47100 Forlì – [email protected] PIERO GENOVESI – Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica, Via Ca’ Fornacetta, 9 – 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO) - [email protected] The authors are members of the Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Chirotteri (GIRC), which is part of the Italian Mammal Society (Associazione Teriologica Italiana, A.T.It.), and currently also members of the GIRC stee- ring committee. GIRC was officially founded in December 1999, after the formal foundation proposal made in October 1998 in Varese, during the 2nd Congress of the Associazione Teriologica Italiana. The GIRC’s premises are at the Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale dell’Università degli Studi dell’Insubria di Varese. The association aims to: A. promote the development of bat biology research in Italy, supporting and presenting studies at national and international levels to further a better understanding of bats and their ecosystems; B. coordinate and promote initiatives to protect nature, with special reference to bats; C. represent a reference point for public and private institutions in the fields of bat research and protec- tion; D. represent a reference point for international institutions for all issues concerning Italian bats; E. coordinate and promote actions to raise public awareness on bat biology and conservation issues. GIRC c/o Dipartimento di Biologia Strutturale e Funzionale, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Dunant, 3 - 21100 Varese - http://fauna.dipbsf.uninsubria.it/chiroptera/ INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... Pag. 9 2. BAT SPECIES OCCURRING IN ITALY ......................................................... “ 12 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................. “ 12 2.2. The species occurring in Italy .............................................. “ 13 2.3. Species descriptions ................................................................ “ 15 2.3.1 Species recorded in Italy before 1980 ................................................................ “ 17 2.3.2 Species recorded in Italy in 1980-2006 ................... “ 21 3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................... “ 87 3.1. Internazional and national laws ........................................... “ 87 3.1.1 Protection laws ........................................................... “ 87 3.1.2 Provisions for monitoring ......................................... “ 96 3.1.3 Procedure for the authorisation of capture, tagging and captivity of bats ................................... “ 98 3.2. International Action Plans .................................................... “ 102 3.2.1 General I.U.C.N. recommendations ...................... “ 102 3.2.2 Specific Action Plans ................................................. “ 102 3.2.3 The Bat Agreement Action Plan ............................. “ 103 4. SURVEY TECHNIQUES AND METHODS ...................................................... “ 107 4.1. Bat counts ................................................................................. “ 107 4.1.1 Roost counts ................................................................ “ 107 4.1.1.1. Locating roosts........................................... “ 108 4.1.1.2. Bat counts inside the roost ..................... “ 109 4.1.1.3. Evening emergence counts...................... “ 110 4.2. Bat capture and handling....................................................... “ 112 4.2.1 Why capture ................................................................ “ 112 4.2.2 Capture tools ............................................................... “ 113 4.2.2.1. Hand-nets .................................................. Pag. 113 4.2.2.2. Funnel-and-bag traps, bag traps ......... “ 113 4.2.2.3. Mistnets .................................................... “ 114 4.2.2.4. Harp-traps ................................................ “ 115 4.2.3 Capture situations and techniques ............................. “ 117 4.2.3.1. Capture at roost sites .............................. “ 117 4.2.3.2. Capture at foraging or drinking sites, or along flight paths ...............................
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