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Khaya Senegalensis) Trees from Clare, Queensland (18- and 20-Year-Old) and Katherine, Northern Territory (14-Year-Old)

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Khaya Senegalensis) Trees from Clare, Queensland (18- and 20-Year-Old) and Katherine, Northern Territory (14-Year-Old) Employment, Economic Development and Innovation and Innovation Development Economic Employment, Department of Department Wood properties and processing outcomes for plantation grown African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) trees from Clare, Queensland (18- and 20-year-old) and Katherine, Northern Territory (14-year-old) Anton Zbonak, Troy Brown, Kevin Harding, Trevor Innes and Martin Davies © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, no part of the work may in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or any other means be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be broadcast or transmitted without the prior written permission of the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The copyright owner shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information. Enquiries about reproduction, including downloading or printing the web version, should be directed to [email protected] or telephone +61 7 3225 1398. Cover Plate: Khaya senegalensis, 18-years-old in Burdekin Agricultural College close to Clare, site number 19 Wood properties and processing outcomes for plantation grown African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) trees from Clare, ii Queensland (18 and 20 years) and Katherine, Northern Territory (14 years) Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................. 3 STUDY OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................................... 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS ......................................................................................................................... 3 SITE LOCATION DETAILS...................................................................................................................................... 3 TREE SELECTION AND HARVESTING..................................................................................................................... 3 LOG VOLUME....................................................................................................................................................... 4 LOG END SPLITS................................................................................................................................................... 5 LOG SWEEP ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 SAMPLING OF WOOD DISCS .................................................................................................................................. 6 HEARTWOOD/SAPWOOD (HW/SW) PROPORTION ................................................................................................ 7 BASIC DENSITY.................................................................................................................................................... 7 SHRINKAGE AND UNIT SHRINKAGE ..................................................................................................................... 7 NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY......................................................................................................................... 8 COLOUR MEASUREMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Effect of surface finish on wood colour.......................................................................................................... 9 PROCESSING STUDIES .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Sawing............................................................................................................................................................ 9 Seasoning ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 Dried and dressed graded recovery ............................................................................................................. 11 ROTARY VENEERING ......................................................................................................................................... 11 SLICED VENEER PROCESSING ............................................................................................................................. 12 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................................................................... 13 LOG END-SPLIT.................................................................................................................................................. 13 HEARTWOOD PROPORTION AND SAPWOOD WIDTH............................................................................................. 13 BASIC DENSITY.................................................................................................................................................. 15 WOOD COLOUR ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................ 15 Prediction of L* a* b* values over time....................................................................................................... 19 SHRINKAGE AND UNIT SHRINKAGE ................................................................................................................... 19 NIR CALIBRATION MODELS ............................................................................................................................... 20 SAWING RESULTS .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Green-off saw (GOS) recovery..................................................................................................................... 21 SEASONING........................................................................................................................................................ 23 DRIED AND DRESSED GRADED RECOVERY ......................................................................................................... 23 SHRINKAGE AND JANKA HARDNESS OF SAWN BOARDS...................................................................................... 27 PEELING RESULTS.............................................................................................................................................. 27 Rotary veneer recovery ................................................................................................................................ 27 Veneer grade recovery ................................................................................................................................. 27 SLICED VENEER PROCESSING RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 29 PROMISING PHENOTYPES FOR BREEDING PURPOSES........................................................................................... 29 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 29 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................................................ 31 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................... 31 Wood properties and processing outcomes for plantation grown African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) trees from Clare, iii Queensland (18 and 20 years) and Katherine, Northern Territory (14 years) Wood properties and processing outcomes for plantation grown African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) trees from Clare, Queensland (18 and 20 years) and Katherine, Northern Territory (14 years) A.Zbonak1, T. Brown2, K.J. Harding1, T.Innes2 and M. Davies1 1 Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Horticulture and Forestry Science, Queensland 2 Forest Enterprises Australia Ltd. Executive Summary Khaya senegalensis, African mahogany, a high-value hardwood, was introduced in the Northern Territory (NT) in the 1950s; included in various trials there and at Weipa, Q in the 1960s-1970s; planted on ex mine sites at Weipa (160 ha) until 1985; revived in farm plantings in Queensland and in trials in the NT in the 1990s; adopted for large-scale, annual planting in the Douglas-Daly region, NT from 2006 (Nikles et al. 2008); and is to have the planted area in the NT extended to at least 20,000 ha (S. Penfold, AMA, 2010, pers. comm.). The recent serious interest from plantation growers, including Forest Enterprises Australia Ltd (FEA), has seen the establishment of some large scale commercial plantations. FEA initiated the current
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