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Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India William Gould Index More Information Cambridge University Press 0521830613 - Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India William Gould Index More information Index Acharya, M. K. 118 criticisms of 100 Achhut Uddhar Sabha 121, 186 sectarian arguments 95 Agarwal, Piarey Lal 71 Ali, Syed Riza 213 Agra 19 Aligarh Arya Kumar Sabha 181 Ahrars in 215 Arya Samaj 148, 154, 180 Arya Samaj 142, 145, 151, 154, 156 bathing fairs 63 cloth boycotts cloth boycotts 104, 108, 180 Muslim resistance to 105 Muslim resistance to 105, 106, 108 communal violence in 1940s 256 riots in connection with 89 Congress 51, 56 Tanzeem 105 and Muslims 64 cloth trade 102 district 46 communal institutions 180–1, 220 education in 22 communal violence 28, 256 festivals 66 Congress Committee 230 Muslims of 20, 64, 256 ‘depressed classes’ politics 64 Muslim political meetings 98 district board 30 Palestine Day in 215 Hindu Sabha conference in 245 political speeches 73, 82 leaders 163, 165 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 196, Muslims 37, 63 255, 257 reaction to untouchable uplift 127 support for Hind Rakshak Dal in 191 ‘Pakistan Days’ 240 university 29, 96, 213, 225, 254, 257 press 31, 61, 227 untouchable politics 222 volunteer organisations 194, 195 volunteer organisations 194 Zamindar’s Association 25 All-India Congress 50, 53, 166, 211 Agra and Awadh 2, 18, 19, 24, 25 and communal parties Ahmad, Zaheer 107, 110 constitution 20 Ahrars 33, 198, 203, 237, 252 notion of ‘Hindu’ 7–8, 9–10, 18 ambivalent support 254 and Hindu nationalism 7–10, 238 Majlis-i-Ahrar 215, 236, 242, 243, 244, and political languages 2, 11, 12 250, 264 and religious symbolism 6 and the UP Congress 205, 215–17, 218, and secularism 4, 5–7, 9, 10 237, 272 session in Meerut 260 desertions from 242–3 Working Committee 223 Ajodhya 71, 148 Allahabad 19 Akhand Hindustan Front 248 Arya Samaj in 123, 137, 155 Ali, Mohammad 31, 95 and cloth boycott, 88, 92, 103, 104 death of 111 Hindu–Muslim disagreement and Sarda 114 over 107–108 Ali, Shaukat 268 resistance to 105, 106 Attitude to Congress and civil communal conflict in 83, 210, 221, 269 disobedience 95–6, 98, 269 1920s 93 287 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521830613 - Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India William Gould Index More information 288 Index Allahabad (cont.) and foreign boycotts 137, 138, 140, reaction to 1931 riot in Kanpur 109 143–5 late 1930s 220, 225 and Gandhi 134, 138, 140, 144 1940s 253, 256 fasts of 132, 142, 145, 154 Congress Committees 107 discussions of 145, 146, 155 Mathura Prasad Kalwar 156 ideas about Hinduism 153 Congress Muslims 42, 95 under threat 117 Holi in 59, 60 interpretations of swaraj 132, 133, 135 leaders of 20, 165 and Islam 133, 135 melas in 47, 48, 55, 63 and militarism 187–95 Muslims of 97, 98, 110, 220, 241, 257 Muslims 155–6 in favour of separate electorates 126 reactions to 134–5, 151, 154, 156–7, League 241 204 ‘Pakistan Days’ 240 as essentially Hindu 136 Palestine Day in 215, 216 history 138 political meetings in 73, 98 politicians 114 surrounding Gandhi’s fasts 118, 127 Ramayana 133 Qaumi Sena 189 Satyarthaprakash 137, 140 references to cow slaughter in 78, 79 shuddhi 31, 56, 60, 89, 93, 128, 133, political pamphlets from 62 134, 135, 141, 153 press and journalism 22, 61 for nation-building 153–5 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh in 196, and social reform 91, 132, 167 258 Pritinidhi Golden Jubilee 157, 221 sadhus 49 Punjab 131 Sangam 37 and sangathan 132, 144 Tanzeem 105, 106, 126 for nation-building 154–5 university 189 and swadeshi 134, 140, 143–5 volunteer camps 189, 195 Swami Shraddhananda 47 Muslim complaints about 197 untouchable uplift 89–90, 112, 114, Allsop report 214 115, 119, 121, 129, 269 Almora 212 activities in support of 123 Aney, M.S. 208 use of Bhagavad Gita 133 Arora, Narayan Prasad 104, 180, 182 use of folk music 141 Arya Deshopakarini Sabha 8 use of historical myth 133, 135–9 Arya Kumar Sabha 137 and ‘Vedic’ age/Vedas 133, 134, 137 Arya Pratinidhi Sabha 31 and women’s movements 148, 151–2 Arya Samaj 1, 32–3, 237 and youth movements/physical and Algu Rai Shastri 121 culture 134, 147–53 associations with the Congress in Arya Vir Dal 192, 193 UP 16, 33, 90, 92, 94, 98, 117, Ashraf, Muhammad (see also Muslim mass 131–59, 270 contacts) 149, 210, 211, 230, 263 joint meetings 126, 127–8 Aurangzeb 12 in Banaras 66, 166 Azad Hind Dal 256 and Bhagat Singh 140, 146 Azad, Maulana Kalam 85 and charkha 134 Azamgarh 136 and Christianity 133, 135, 137 Arya Samaj 148 comparison with Hindu Mahasabha 135 communal violence in 256 and cow slaughter 138 Shastri, Algu Rai in 186, 187 criticisms of colonialism 136, 137–8 deification of leaders 139 Bahraich 144 support during civil Bakhtin 11–12 disobedience 140–7 Ballia 27 and education 21 Ahrars 217 and eugenics and race 134, 153, Arya Kumar Sabha 142 157–8 cow protection movements in 81 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521830613 - Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India William Gould Index More information Index 289 Hindu Sabha meeting 122 ‘depressed classes’ politics 258 Muslim League 157 Muslims of 20, 243 Banaras 19, 142, 166–7 League brickbats Madni 253 Arya Samaj 144, 146, 154 political meetings surrounding Gandhi’s and cloth boycott 88–9, 92 fasts 119 boycott pledges 106 political speeches 70, 74 castes 27 reactions to 1931 riot in Banaras 109 cloth trade 102 press 61 Muslim resistance to 106, 108 support for Hind Rakshak Dal 190 communal conflict 167, 221 untouchable politics 222 1931 riot 92, 108, 167 volunteer movements 195 1939 riot 185, 223 youth movements 148 communal institutions 180 Bari, Abdul 99 Congress Committee 50 Bashiruddin, Khan Bahadur 228 cow protection 83 Basti foreign boycotts 80 communal riots in 252 Hindi journalism 22 cow protection in 81 Hindi movement 180 Muslim meetings 99 Hindu–Muslim violence 28 untouchable politics 222 Hindu Sabha 122 Bengal 2, 21, 175, 231, 238 Hindu University 29, 73, 121, 166, 180, and Communal Award 111 199 partition of 102 Holi 58, 63 Besant, Annie 29 leaders of 20, 165 Bhagavad Gita 39 Muslim League in 247, 250, 255 Bharatiya Janata Party 275 Muslim weavers and cloth sellers 59, Bhikshu, Dharma 131 167 Bihar 56 Prakash, Sri 59, 143 Bijnor 51 press 60 1940s riots 253, 255, 256 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 196, 197 bathing fairs 63 religious significance 37 foreign boycotts 80, 106 Tanzeem volunteers involvement 106 Muslim resistance to 105 sadhus 49 Muslim resistance to untouchable Sampurnanand 121, 143 uplift 127–8 temples 66 reactions to 1931 riot in Banaras 109 Varnashram Swarajya Sangh 124 volunteer activity 194 Banda Bombay 57, 64, 69, 99, 110 Baba Ram Chandra in 51 Muslims 69 foreign-cloth boycotts 104 Brahmo Samaj 8 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh Brindaban 60 connection with Congress 197 Budaun 74 Tanzeem 105 Arya Samaj 123 ‘Bande Mataram’ 236, 272 Stri Samaj 151 Muslim reactions to 69, 231 Muslims 20 Bankimchandra 231 reactions to untouchable uplift 126, Bara Banki 127 Bhagat Singh hartal 109 Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 196 Hindu Sabha 122 Budauni, Abdul Majid 99 Muslim League 157 Bukhari, Ata Ullah 93, 100, 244 riots 83 Bulandshahr Bareilly cloth boycott Arya Samaj 139 Muslim resistance to 105 address to Nehru 143 Muslim complaints against Congress cloth boycott 108 Ministry 226 communal riots 256 Muslim volunteers 197, 257 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521830613 - Hindu Nationalism and the Language of Politics in Late Colonial India William Gould Index More information 290 Index ‘Bundelkhand Hindu Raksha Dal’ 241 and education 30–1 Butler, Harcourt 24 and enumeration of communities 89, 112, 116, 128 Calcutta 225 1941 census 242 riots 219, 257 finance 26 caste and Hindu Mahasabha support during Ahirs 27 war 248 and the census 26, 27 and holy men 48, 56 Chamars 27, 258 ideologies of rule 24–5 Gujars 258 and the Indian nation 24 Jats 31, 258 local bureaucracy 25–6 and journals 22, 31 and Muslims 24 politics 9 Orientalist histories 74 ‘Rajputs’ 258 police 26 sabhas 27 and the press 22 and the state 3, 6, 24, 26–7 and religious communities 41 in UP 26–8 and religious spaces 3, 24, 57–8 Chandra, Baba Ram 51–2, 55, 56, 72 repression 164 Chhatari, Nawab 222 scholarship 12 Chintamani 94 Communal Award 90, 111–12, 116, 117, Chitanand, Swami 51 120, 128 civil disobedience 19 communal politics see communalism and cloth boycott 88–92 communalism 1–2, 27–8, 29, 234 Communal Award 112 anti-Pakistan 241 cow protection during 77–84 and civil disobedience movements 160 festivals 57–67 and colonial state 14 folk performance 50–1 and Congress 1–2, 8, 14–17, 43, foreign boycotts 48, 49 162–4 general 35 Ministry period 202–4, 207, 209–10, Hindu idiom during 47 218–23 ‘Hindu’ movement 95 and education 29–30 Muslim estrangement from 91–101, and elections of 1945–6 253 113, 117 and festivals 251–2 and political languages 45, 95, 132 Hindu 9, 17 and sadhus/holy men 45–6, 47–57 historical definitions 14–17 speeches 67–75 institutions 26, 33 cloth boycott 88, 268, 269 and language controversy 13 and communal riots 89, 108–11 and Muslims 6 and cow protection 79 and political languages 13, 18 and khadder/khadi 102, 103 and the press 22, 29, 31–2 Muslim responses 88–9, 92 re-definition of 256, 262–3, pickets of traders 102–4 273 political and religious symbolism riots 9, 28, 32, 38, 219, 223, 225 surrounding 88, 101–2 in the 1920s; 28, 93, 96, 110, 162 and swadeshi 102 1931 141; see also Banaras and and Tanzeem 105–6 Kanpur and untouchable uplift 121 1940s
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