DOCSLIB.ORG

The Indian National Congress. 1924'

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Indian National Congress. 1924'. -- Being the' resolutions o~ the Congress and of the Ali lndta Congress Committee and of the Working Committe~ 'of Jhe ~ngress passed during the.yead914. • - ALLAHABAD TH& ALLAHABA' LAW JOURNAL Plll!.SS 192S. • PRINTED BY It, p, DAR AT 'fHE ALLAHABAD LAW JOURNAL PRI!~S, AN.ll PUBLISHED BY ]AWAHARLAL NEHRU, GENERAL SECRETARY, ALL INDIA CONGRESS COMMITTEI£1 ALLAHABAD. 1ooo-1-s-zs. CONTENTS. PAGI All India Congress Committee meetings In 1924 :~ 110 At Cocanada on rst and zncl January At Ahmedabad on June 17th, a8th nnd 29th 3 At Bombay on 23rd November .. 6 At Belganm on z8th December .. 8 Workins Committee meetings in 1924 :- .. .. 9103 At Cocamula on 2nd ]110uary 9 At Bombay on January 30th and Jilt and Fehruary 1~1 10 · At Delhi on February a6th and 27th r6 At Bombay on April 23rd IIDd 14th •• rS At Sabannati and Ahmedabad on June 26tq, zgth, 3oth and July lSI .. •• 20 At Delhi on October 3rd .. At-Bombay on November zrst • .. ·At Belgaum on December 23rd .. •• Jl Belgaum Session 1924 •• .. l9 Delhi Unity Con£erence resolution! 46 All .Parties Conference rl!.!lolntions 51 Annual Report of Secretarlea of A. I. C. C. for 1924 52 Audited Statement of Accounts of the A. I. C. C. Office for 1924 • • 58 .o\11 Judia Tllak Memorial Swarajya Fund:- .. 6rtotl6 (i) Statement of Recelpta and Di,buraementa from 19th Decem· ber 1923 to roth December 1914 ,.. 6r (Ill Revenue Acconnt from 19th December 192~. to roth Decem· ber 1924 •• 6s ·(iii) Balance Sheet as on 10th December 1914 .. .. IndeJ .. .. .. - •• Some mispril~ts co1·rected. On page 3 line 8 for indispmsible read indispmsablt. On page 3 line 9 for have read kas. On page 3 line 32 and line 40 for advisib!e read adrJisable. On page 2 5 line' 26 for provi1~eial read provisional. On page 28 line 2? for 29 read XIX. On page 30 iine 25 delete of 1818. On page 31 line 11 for and !tad read lzad. On page 37 line 35 for assasinatiou read assassl1ititioll. On page 56 line 4 for 194o8 rtad /94¢. On page 59 note (iii) for Rs. 215-12·6 read RJ. 21]·12-6. On page 64 2nd column for Rs. 1]8]]·14·0 read Rs. 1]8]]·14'9. ,t\LL INDIA CONGRESS COMMITTEE 1924. The following resolutio11s were passed by the 'All India Congress Committee at Coca11ada 011 the 1st and 2nd Janttary, 1924:- 1. Resolved that the following do constitute the Working Com· Working Committee. mittee :- Ex·olficio : Maulana Mohamad Ali-President Syt, Rev.~hanker J~gjivan Javeri}rreasurers. Syt. Vel)t Lakhamst Napoo .... Syl. Gangadhar Rao Deshpande. } Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew. General Secretaries. Syt. Jawaharlal Nehru. Eltcled mtmbm: I, Deshbandhu Das, 2. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. 3· Syt. Konda Venkatappayya. 4· Maulana Shaukat Ali, 5· Seth Jamnalal Bajaj. ,. 6. Syt. Vallabhbhai Patel. 7, , C. Rajagopalachariar, 8. Sirdar Mangal Singh. 9· Syt. Sbankerlal Banker, 11. (I) The All India Congress Committee is of opinion that all 1 p b. • • f the resolutions of the Congress, the All India , u 1tea1 1on o 1eso1 n· 1.• f ons C C · d th W C 1 ongress omm1Uee an e outng om• ' mittee, excepting privileged resolutions, passed during the year, aud the accounts, should be printed together in con· venient form for sale· and distribution with the annual reporL The Working Committee is authorised to take necessary steps in this behalf. (2) The Working Committee is also directed to take necessary steps to get published in convenient form all the resolutions of the All India Congress Committee and the Working Committee together with a· report of receipts and expenditure, from the Calcutta special session to the Cocanada session of the Congress. Ill. Resolved that the Working Committee prepare a scheme lor Permanent stall and having a permanent staff and office in a office. central place and place it before the All India Congress Committee. IV. The Akali question be referred to the Working Committee Akalis. lor necessary action. A. I. C. C. 1924. I v. In 1\lpersession of the resolulions pWassedk.on thee lllbject !rtho'!l time to lime by the or tog ommtltee, ts lloundary disputes. Committee appoints an Arbitration ~ommittce consisting ol Syt. C. Rajagopalachariar, two repre~tabves ,fr~m Utkal and two !rom Andhra, elected by the respecbve Provmctal Congrea Committees, to invesligale the question of the Andbra-Utkal delimitation and arrive at a decision bel ore the 31st of March, 1924, the decision of the committee being linal. VI. The following are elected to the Eleclion Disputes Panei:- Eiectlon Disputell 1. Syt. Jaitamdas Daulatram. Panel. 2. Babu Bhagwandas. 3• Syt. C. V. Vaidya. 4· Syt. 'Manila! Kothari, s. Dr, M. A. Ansari. 6. Dr. Pattabhl Sitaramayya. 7• Syt. George Joseph. 8. Pandit K. Santanam (Lahore) g. Syt. B. F. Bharucha. 10. Syt. T. Prakasam. 11. Dr. Suhrahmanyam. 12. Dr. Murarilal. VII. Mr. Viswanath Mukerji's proposition suggesliog the crea· lion and promotion of a labour and peasant ;a~~tl!.d peasant or~anisalion. is referred to the Working Com· g mt\tee lor disposal. Vlll. In accordance with the programme adopted by the Con· • e gress at Cocanada, the All India Congress C t t programme.on!rUC:IV Commtltee . !eso Ives th at every p.rovmcta '\C on· gress Commtltee do at once take steps to carry out the consttuctive programme. Provincial Congress Committees are directed to prepare detailed and considered schemes showing the items of the Bardoli constructive programme to he now concentrated upon in each province and the ways and means decided upon for carrying them out. Reports shall reach the general secretary before February 15th, 1924. IX. Resolved that Oeshbhakta Venkatappayya be requested to Old lectl dis deal with and dispose of finally the election ~· e on pu 1es. disputes of last year. X. That the Working Committee be authorised be negotiate Congress pav&Uon. wi~ the Reception Committee of the Indian National Congress at Cocanada and Mr. Mu~eriee the owner, with a view to purchase the tent wherein the Congress was held, and to purchase it should they consider it desir· able. A. I. c. c. i1121. a 'Phe following resolutions were passed by the All India Cottgress Committee at Ahmedabad on lu11e 27th, 28th and 29th, 1924 :- 1. (I) In view of the fact lhat lite memben of Congrese , . organisations lhroughoutlhe country have ahem· Hand spmnmg. selves hilherto neglected hand·spinoing, in spite of lhe fact lhat lite spinning wheel and its product handspun khaddar have been regarded as indispensible for lite establishment of Swaraiya, and although lheir acceptance have been regarded by lite Congrese as a necessary preliminary to civil disobedience, the All India Congress Committee resolves that members of all elected Congrese organisations shall, except when disabled by sickness or prevented by continuous travelling or other similar cause, regularly spin for at least half an hour every day and shall each send to the secretary of the ,All India Khaddar Board, or to any penon appointed by him in _this behalf, at least 2,000 yards of even and well twisted yam of their own spinning, so as to reach him not later than the 15th of August 1924, and thereafter in regular monthly succeaion. Any • member failing to send the prescribed quantity by the prescribed date shall, unless unavoidably prevented, be deemed to have vacated his office and such vacancy shall be filled in the usual manner; provided that the member vacating in the manner aforesaid shall not be eligible for re-elecrion before the general election for the members of the several organisations. (2) In view of the fact that certain members, whilst lite procee­ dings ollhe committee were going on, deemed it necessary to with· . draw from the comminee, by reason of their resentment of the (lenalty clause in the obligatory spinning resolution, and in view of the fact that the penalty clause of the resolution was carried only by 67 against 37 votes, and further in view of the fact lhat the said penalty -nuse would have been defeated if the votes of the withdrawal• had i eo given against, lite committee conaiden it proper and advilible · t' remove the penalty clause from the resolution and to re-affirm the ' lid resolution wilhout lite said penalty clause. II. ln as much as it has been brought to the notice of lhe com· mittee that instructions issued from time to time /, Defaulters. by officers and organisations duly authorised , lhereto have sometimes not been carried out properly, it i1 resolved that such disciplinary action including dillllissal, as may be deemed advisible by lite respective executive committees of the Provincial Congress Committees of the provinces in which the failure haa occurred shall be taken against the persons about whom complaint may be made, and in lite cases of complainll by or on behaU of the 4 A. I. C. ¢, 1924. central orgainisations such disciplinary action as may be taken br ~e provincial executive committee shall be reported to the complammg organisations. In cases of default by whole organisations lhe discipli· nary action shall be taken by lhe superior organisations. Ill. The AU.India Congress Committee draws the attention of lhe Congress voters to lhe fact that the five Req_uest to Repre- boycotts viz,, ol all foreign dolh, government sentauves. law courts, educational institutions, titles and legislative bodies, except in so far as lhe boycott of the legislative bodies may be aflected by the Cocanada resolution, and the propaganda lor lhe exclusive use ol khadi, are ~rill part of lhe Congress programme, and lherefore considers it desirable lhat lhose Congress voters who believe in lhe Congress programme do not elect to lhe various organisations subordinate to lhe Congress those who do not believe in the principle of and carry out in lheir own persons the said live boycotts, except where alfected by lhe said Cocanada resolution, and do not exclusively use hand-spun khaddar: and the All-India Congress Committee there­ fore request! such persons who are DOW members of the Congress elective organisations to resign lheir places.
Recommended publications
  • Extrimist Movement in Kerala During the Struggle for Responsible Government

    Extrimist Movement in Kerala During the Struggle for Responsible Government

    Vol. 5 No. 4 April 2018 ISSN: 2321-788X UGC Approval No: 43960 Impact Factor: 3.025 EXTRIMIST MOVEMENT IN KERALA DURING THE STRUGGLE FOR RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT Article Particulars: Received: 13.03.2018 Accepted: 31.03.2018 Published: 28.04.2018 R.T. ANJANA Research Scholar of History, University of Kerala, India Abstract Modern Travancore witnessed strong protests for civic amenities and representation in legislatures through the Civic Rights movement and Abstention movement during 1920s and early part of 1930s. Government was forced to concede reforms of far reaching nature by which representations were given to many communities in the election of 1937 and for recruitment a public service commission was constituted. But the 1937 election and the constitution of the Public Service Commission did not solve the question of adequate representation. A new struggle was started for the attainment of responsible government in Travancore which was even though led in peaceful means in the beginning, assumed extremist nature with the involvement of youthful section of the society. The participants of the struggle from the beginning to end directed their energies against a single individual, the Travancore Dewan Sir. C. P. Ramaswamy Iyer who has been considered as an autocrat and a blood thirsty tyrant On the other side the policies of the Dewan intensified the issues rather than solving it. His policy was dividing and rule, using the internal social divisions existed in Travancore to his own advantage. Keywords: civic amenities, Civic Rights, Public Service Commission, Travancore, Civil Liberties Union, State Congress In Travancore the demand for responsible government was not a new development.
  • Tamilnadu SSLC History Lesson 9 – One Marks

    Tamilnadu SSLC History Lesson 9 – One Marks

    www.usefuldesk.com Tamilnadu SSLC History Lesson 9 – One Marks Choose the correct answer: 1. Who was the first President of the Madras Mahajana Sabha? A. T.M. Nair B. P. Rangaiah C. G. Subramaniam D. G.A. Natesan ANSWER: B 2. Where was the third session of the Indian, National Congress held? A. Marina B. Mylapore C. Fort St. George D. Thousand Lights ANSWER: D 3. Who said “Better bullock carts and freedom than a train de luxe with subjection”? A. Annie Besant B. M. Veeraraghavachari C. B.P. Wadia D. G.S. Arundale ANSWER: A 4. Which among the following was SILF’s official organ in English? A. Dravadian B. Andhra Prakasika C. Justice D. New India ANSWER: C 5. Who among of the following were swarajists? A. S. Satyamurti B. Kasturirangar C. P. Subbarayan D. Periyar EVR ANSWER: A 6. Who set up the satyagraha camp in Udyavanam near Madras? A. Kamaraj Website: www.usefuldesk.comFacebook: www.facebook.com/usefuldeskE-mail: [email protected] www.usefuldesk.com B. Rajaji C. K. Santhanam D. T. Prakasam ANSWER: D 7. Where was the anti-Hindi Conference Held? A. Erode B. Madras C. Salem D. Madurai ANSWER: C 8. Where did the congress volunteers clash with the military during Quit India Movement? A. Erode B. Madras C. Salem D. Madurai ANSWER: D Fill in the Blanks: 1. _____________ was appointed the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court A. T. Muthuswami B. G. Subramaniam ANSWER: A 2. The economic exploitation of India was exposed by _____________ through his writngs.
  • Ajit Dayanandan

    Ajit Dayanandan

    1 AJIT DAYANANDAN Accounting and Finance, email: [email protected] College of Business and Public Policy, web: //business.uaa.alaska.edu/directory/profile?id=9 University of Alaska Anchorage (UAA), Phone: (O) (907) 786-4142 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Mobile (907) 726-3061 Alaska, 99508-4614, U.S. Fax: (O) (907) 786-4115 Academic Employment 2017-present Professor of Finance, Accounting and Finance, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, United States 2014-2017 Associate Professor of Finance, Accounting and Finance, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, United States 2010-2018 Associate Professor of Finance/Economics, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada 2002-2010 Assistant Professor of Finance/Economics, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada 2001-2002 Assistant Professor, Economics and Business Program, Thomson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada 1984-2001 Director, Department of Economics and Policy Research, Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai, India. 1981-1984 Lecturer in Economics, Department of Collegiate Education, Government of Kerala, India. Other Work Experience 2014-15 Securities Exchange Board of India- Development Research Project II- Effectiveness of SEBI’s Complaint Redress System (SCORES) in India. 2013-14 Securities Exchange Board of India- Development Research Project I-Earnings Management in India (Securities and Exchange Board of India. 2013-14 Testing Content Delivery Concepts to Determine the Most Effective Models for increasing Online Users of the Anglers Atlas, MITAC Project. 2008-10 Microfinance and Social Capital: A Comparative Study of SHG Borrowers in Andhra Pradesh and Kerala (with C.B Rajeev, Funded by ICSSR, New Delhi). 2007-08 Microfinance and Microenterprises – A Study of Kudumbashree Project in Kerala (with Louis Oliver Gervais – Submitted to University of Northern British Columbia).
  • Enhancing Security: Lessons from History and Geography

    Enhancing Security: Lessons from History and Geography

    Monday, January 10, 2011/ Second Annual Saifuddin Kitchlew Lecture/ Jamia/ Edward Said Hall, 2.30 pm Enhancing Security: Lessons from History and Geography By Rajmohan Gandhi Cherishing as I do my old relationships with Jamia, with Professor Sanjoy Hazarika, and with Toufique Kitchlew, son of Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew, this occasion means a great deal to me. In the 1920s, my father, Devadas Gandhi, taught at Jamia – I believe on the Karol Bagh campus; and until his death in 1957 he maintained warm friendships with Jamia’s staff and faculty. I don’t want to speak of the precious relationship that his father the Mahatma had with Jamia. Precious things are not always easy to speak of. As for myself, I have had the privilege of knowing both Zakir Sahib and his remarkable biographer and Jamia colleague, Mujeeb Sahib, and of attending or taking part in some of Jamia’s events. And as for Sanjoy, having known him and his family in Assam ever since he entered his teens, I have felt great pride ever since in his numerous accomplishments, some of them pioneering ones. In the mid-1950s, soon after I had left my teens, Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew, after whom this lecture series is named, was famous as an international figure in a movement to bring peace between the USA and the Soviet Union. I did not have the privilege of meeting him then or later, and it was only after Dr Kitchlew’s demise in 1963 that I learnt, in the course of my studies of the freedom movement, of his extraordinary life as a boy of Kashmiri origin in Amritsar, as a student in Europe, as hero of Jallianwala in 1919, as a stalwart figure year after year in the Indian National Congress, and as one in a chain of INC presidents during months of severe British repression in 1932.
  • Indian National Movement (1917-1947) the Land Tax Due to Failure of Crops

    Indian National Movement (1917-1947) the Land Tax Due to Failure of Crops

    Hiuzn chscs hncos cn Chapter 15 Indian National Movement (1917-1947) the land tax due to failure of crops. Advent of Gandhi During this struggle, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel emerged as one The third and final phase of the of the trusted followers of Gandhi. Nationalist Movement [1917-1947] In 1918, Gandhi undertook a fast is known as the Gandhian era. unto death for the cause of During this period Mahatma Gandhi Ahmedabad Mill Workers and finally became the undisputed leader of the mill owners conceded the just the National Movement. His demands of the workers. principles of non- violence and Satyagraha were employed against the British Government. Gandhi On the whole, the local movements made the nationalist movement a at Champaran, Kheda and mass movement. Ahmedabad brought Mahatma Gandhi closer to the life of the people and their problems at the Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was grass roots level. Consequently, he born at Porbandar in Gujarat on 2 became the leader of the masses. October 1869. He studied law in England. He returned to India in 1891. In April 1893 he went to Rowlatt Act (1919) South Africa and involved himself in the struggle against apartheid In 1917, a committee was set up (Racial discrimination against the under the presidentship of Sir Blacks) for twenty years. Finally, he Sydney Rowlatt to look into the came to India in 1915. Thereafter, militant Nationalist activities. On he fully involved himself in the the basis of its report the Rowlatt Indian National Movement. Act was passed in March 1919 by the Central Legislative Council.
  • The Union Legislature

    The Union Legislature

    Chapter 16 The Union Legislature Gandhi made the nationalist movement a mass movement. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born at Porbandar in Gujarat on 2 October 1869. He studied law in England. He returned to India in 1891. In April 1893 he went to South Africa and involved himself in the struggle against apartheid (Racial discrimination against the Blacks) for twenty years. Finally, he came to India in 1915. Thereafter, he fully involved himself in the Indian National Movement. Mahatma Gandhi began his experiments with Satyagraha against the oppressive European indigo planters at Champaran in Bihar in 1917. In the next year he launched another Satyagraha at Kheda in Gujarat in support of the peasants who were not able to pay the land tax due to failure of crops. During this struggle, Sardar Vallabhai Patel emerged as one of the trusted followers of Gandhi. In 1918, Gandhi undertook a fast unto death for the cause of Ahmedabad Mill Workers and finally the mill owners conceded the just demands of the workers. On the whole, the local movements at Champaran, Kheda and Ahmedabad brought Mahatma Gandhi closer to the life of the people and their problems at the grass roots level. Consequently, he became the leader of the masses. The Rowlat Act, Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Khilafat Movement In 1917, a committee was set up under the presidentship of Sir Sydney Rowlatt to look into the militant Nationalist activities. On the basis of its report the Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919 by the Central Legislative Council. As per this Act, any person could be arrested on the basis of suspicion.
  • Dictionary of Martyrs: India's Freedom Struggle

    Dictionary of Martyrs: India's Freedom Struggle

    DICTIONARY OF MARTYRS INDIA’S FREEDOM STRUGGLE (1857-1947) Vol. 5 Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu & Kerala ii Dictionary of Martyrs: India’s Freedom Struggle (1857-1947) Vol. 5 DICTIONARY OF MARTYRSMARTYRS INDIA’S FREEDOM STRUGGLE (1857-1947) Vol. 5 Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu & Kerala General Editor Arvind P. Jamkhedkar Chairman, ICHR Executive Editor Rajaneesh Kumar Shukla Member Secretary, ICHR Research Consultant Amit Kumar Gupta Research and Editorial Team Ashfaque Ali Md. Naushad Ali Md. Shakeeb Athar Muhammad Niyas A. Published by MINISTRY OF CULTURE, GOVERNMENT OF IDNIA AND INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH iv Dictionary of Martyrs: India’s Freedom Struggle (1857-1947) Vol. 5 MINISTRY OF CULTURE, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA and INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH First Edition 2018 Published by MINISTRY OF CULTURE Government of India and INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH 35, Ferozeshah Road, New Delhi - 110 001 © ICHR & Ministry of Culture, GoI No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN 978-81-938176-1-2 Printed in India by MANAK PUBLICATIONS PVT. LTD B-7, Saraswati Complex, Subhash Chowk, Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi 110092 INDIA Phone: 22453894, 22042529 [email protected] State Co-ordinators and their Researchers Andhra Pradesh & Telangana Karnataka (Co-ordinator) (Co-ordinator) V. Ramakrishna B. Surendra Rao S.K. Aruni Research Assistants Research Assistants V. Ramakrishna Reddy A.B. Vaggar I. Sudarshan Rao Ravindranath B.Venkataiah Tamil Nadu Kerala (Co-ordinator) (Co-ordinator) N.
  • August 1.—The Chief Feature of the Week Has Been the Visit of Vallabhbhai J

    August 1.—The Chief Feature of the Week Has Been the Visit of Vallabhbhai J

    1931] BOYCOTT OF R. T. C. A NATIONAL BLUNDER 57 Page 1643, para. 4032 (1) — Kaira, August 1.—The chief feature of the week has been the visit of Vallabhbhai J. Patel and M. K. Gandhi to Borsad. The reason for their visit was ostensibly supposed to be the reconciliation of the Patidar. It will be remembered that many were fined by the Panch as they had paid land revenue before the truce, etc., and the result had been a split. It was at first given out that a compromise had been effected which meant that those who had been mulcted were talked over by Vallabhbhai Patel without getting their money back. This unsatisfactory result was brought to M. K. Gandhi's notice, and it is now understood that M. K. Gandhi is using his influence to get all fines refunded except for a nominal sum of one rupee. 58 D. M. VISITS GANDHI [1931 Conversations were however most secret and held behind closed doors, so that the full extent has not leaked out. Representatives of all affected villages came, and it is noteworthy that the recommencement of a fresh and forceful struggle in December is being talked about, unless complete Swaraj is obtained at the Round Table Conference. The Sub-Inspector, Kathana, reports talk is as follows : " Government are not observing truce terms. Attachments are being carried out. It is doubtful whether M. K. Gandhi will go to the Round Table Conference. If Government breaks the truce terms, the movement should be started dangerously, and all Government servants should be boycotted." Proposals for intensifying picketting of liquor and cloth shops were considered.
  • Khilafat Movement and the Province of Sindh

    Khilafat Movement and the Province of Sindh

    KHILAFAT MOVEMENT AND THE PROVINCE OF SINDH Dr. Nasreen Afzal* KHILAFAT MOVEMENT AND THE PROVINCE OF SINDH ABSTRACT The Khilafat Movement started by the Muslims of India is directly related to the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire of Turkey, the only Muslim power of the world during the twentieth century, at the hands of different European nations and particularly against the hostile attitude of Britain towards Turkey . Like other areas of India Muslim s of Sindh played significant role in this movement. This article deals with the different efforts of Muslims of Sindh along with the Muslims of other areas for saving khlifat. Key words: Non violence non co-operation movement, Congress, Fatwas, Hijrat * Assistant Professor, Department of History , University of Karachi, Pakistan 51 Jhss, Vol. 1, No.1 , January to June 2010 The institution of Khilafat began after the death of Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) in 632 AD when Hazrat Abu Bakr, who was the successor of the Holy Prophet, adopted the title of Khaltfatu-Rasool-i-illah , successor of Prophet of God. 1 The successor of Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar simplified the title to Khaltfah 2 and the Caliph (An English version of Khaltfah ) became temporal and spiritual head of the entire Muslims of the World. The first four caliphs were all selected democratically. However, after the death of Hazrat Ali, Amir Mu’awiyah laid down the foundation of Umayyad Dynasty, which changed the nature of Khilafat from democratic institution to monarchy. Umayyads and the rulers of the successive Muslim dynasties such as Abbasids, Fatimid (Egypt) and finally Ottomans (Turkey) continued to use the title of Caliph as used by four early Caliphs and further strengthening the institution of Khilafat, as a result Caliph became the symbolic head of the Muslim rule, even outside of Arabia.
  • Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

    Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

    Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh massacre April 9, 2019 Manifest Pedagogy As has been repeated many times in the pedagogy section of history, events which have a centenary have taken centre stage in both prelims and mains. The year 1919 is very prominent in the History of India for the Rowlatt Act, Jallian Wala Bagh massacre, Government of India act 1919, Non-co-operation movement, Khilafat movement. In news Hundred years of Rowlatt Act and Jalianwala Bagh massacre Placing it in the syllabus Modern Indian History Dimensions Rowlatt act provisions Rowlatt satyagraha – course Jallianwala Bagh massacre British response – Hunter commission report Indian response – Khilafath and Non-Cooperation Movement Content Rowlatt act provisions The ‘ Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, ‘ popularly referred to as the ‘ Rowlatt Act, ‘ was enacted by the British to discourage Indians from rising against them by suppressing revolutionary groups and depriving Indians of their right to personal expression and liberty. On basis of the report of the S.A.T. Rowlatt committee, it replaced the Defence of India Act (1915) instituted during the First World War with a permanent law that gave the British more power over Indians. Following are the main provisions of the act: The ‘Rowlatt Act’ envisaged the arrest and deportation of any person on mere suspicion of sedition and revolt. It allowed the declaration of possession of treasonable literature as a punishable offence. Allowed the British to imprison protestors without a trial of those arrested. It also provided for the press to be controlled even more strictly. Arrest without warrant: It gave sweeping powers to the police to search premises and arrest anyone merely on suspicion without needing a warrant.
  • Plates and Maps

    Plates and Maps

    PLATES AND MAPS Plates 1. A street in Amritsar. Courtesy of the Davinder Toor Collection. 2. The Golden Temple. Courtesy of the Davinder Toor Collection. 3. Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew. The Modern Review, January 1920. 4. Dr Satyapal. The Modern Review, January 1920. 5. Ratto. Pearay Mohan, An Imaginary Rebellion (Lahore, 1920). 6. Bugga. Pearay Mohan, An Imaginary Rebellion (Lahore, 1920). 7. Melicent Wathen. Courtesy of Roderick Wathen. 8. Gerard Wathen. Courtesy of Roderick Wathen. 9. Michael O’Dwyer. © National Portrait Gallery, London. 10. General Reginald Dyer. Major-General Nigel Woodyatt, Under Ten Viceroys: The Reminiscences of a Gurkha (London: Herbert Jenkins Limited, 1922). 11. Hall Bridge seen from the Civil Lines. © The British Library Board, Photo 39 (49). 12. An intersection in the Civil Lines. © The British Library Board, Photo 39 (46). 13. Hall Gate. © The British Library Board, Photo 39 (54). 14. Hall Bazaar. Courtesy of the Davinder Toor Collection. 15. Entrance to Jallianwala Bagh. © The British Library Board, Photo 39 (82). 16. A crowd at Jallianwala Bagh, late summer 1919. Courtesy of The Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. 17. The north-eastern side of Jallianwala Bagh. Courtesy of The Nehru Memorial Museum and Library. ix x PLATES AND MAPS 18. A panoramic view of Jallianwala Bagh. © The British Library Board, Photo 39 (84). 19. Locals inspecting bullet-holes at Jallianwala Bagh in late 1919. L’Illustration, 20–27 March 1920. 20. A speaker addressing a crowd at Jallianwala Bagh, late 1919. L’Illustration, 20–27 March 1920. 21. A cartoon of the massacre by Eduard Thöny. Simplicissimus, 21 January 1920, p.
  • Nationalist Politics in the British Punjab: an Alliance Between Muslim League Parliamentary Board and Majlis-I- Ahrar-I-Islam

    Nationalist Politics in the British Punjab: an Alliance Between Muslim League Parliamentary Board and Majlis-I- Ahrar-I-Islam

    Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only. Nationalist Politics in the British Punjab: An Alliance between Muslim League Parliamentary Board and Majlis-i- Ahrar-i-Islam Samina Awan Abstract Early twentieth century witnessed the emergence of new political leadership which influenced the masses in the Punjab. The resultant awareness of British oppression led to the formation of many political parties including the Majis-i-Ahrar-i-Islam (MAI). The MAI not only gave the Muslims in Punjab a platform to raise their voice against the British policies but also provided them with an alternative to the existing political parties such as the Indian National Congress and the Unionist Party, with which they were disenchanted. The MAI entered into an alliance with the All India Muslim League in 1936. Due to several factors this alliance did not last very long but the interaction of the MAI intelligentsia with the AIML had an impact on the course of events. The scholarly debate on MAI’s political domain as well as its interaction with AIML was never explored in the annals of Muslim Punjab objectively. This article analyzes the dynamics of the MAI- AIML coalition and the reasons behind the failure of this alliance. The article aims to study the MAI as a popular party of Muslim masses in Punjab and employs the model of ‘Subaltern Studies’ to analyze the socio-political contribution of the party. Chairperson, Department of History, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software http://www.foxitsoftware.com For evaluation only.