An Analysis of Defense Program Manager Decision Making in Complex and Chaotic Program Environments
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NPS-PM-19-019 ACQUISITION RESEARCH PROGRAM SPONSORED REPORT SERIES Why do Programs Fail? An Analysis of Defense Program Manager Decision Making in Complex and Chaotic Program Environments December 2018 LCDR James R. Donahue, USN Capt. Thien N. Duong, USAF CPT Friday E. Ameh, USA Thesis Advisors: Dr. Robert F. Mortlock, Lecturer Raymond D. Jones, Lecturer Graduate School of Business & Public Policy Naval Postgraduate School Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943. Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy Naval Postgraduate School The research presented in this report was supported by the Acquisition Research Program of the Graduate School of Business & Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School. To request defense acquisition research, to become a research sponsor, or to print additional copies of reports, please contact any of the staff listed on the Acquisition Research Program website (www.acquisitionresearch.net). Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy Naval Postgraduate School ABSTRACT Department of Defense (DoD) program managers’ ability to make effective decisions are critical to a program’s performance. This qualitative study of two DoD program managers shed light into their decision-making processes in complex and chaotic programmatic environments. Additionally, this study specifically focuses on four aggregate categories-—leadership, attitude, bureaucracy, and reputation. These categories have profound influences on the program manager’s ability to process information, make sense of a situation, and make decisions accordingly. By understanding how program managers perceive reality when facing challenges, we could potentially introduce necessary changes, adopt proven practices, and redirect resources toward efforts that would help program managers make more effective decisions. Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - i - Naval Postgraduate School THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - ii - Naval Postgraduate School ABOUT THE AUTHORS Lieutenant Commander James R. Donahue a native of Livonia Michigan, Lieutenant Commander Donahue received his Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and Political Science from the University of Michigan, in 2008. He is a graduate of the University of Virginia, Darden School of Business Navy Understanding Industry Course and currently enrolled in the Masters of Business Administration program for Acquisition at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey California. LCDR Donahue commissioned as a Navy Supply Corps Officer in December 2008 through Navy Officer Candidate School in Newport Rhode Island. After commissioning, he reported to the Navy Supply Corps School in Athens Georgia for the Supply Basic Qualification Course. In September 2009, he reported onboard the USS GREEN BAY (LPD 20) where he assumed the duties of Disbursing Officer, Sales Officer and later as Food Service Officer during her Maiden Deployment. In November 2011, LCDR Donahue reported to DLA Aviation in Richmond Virginia, and completed the Navy Acquisition and Contracting Officer (NACO) Internship. Following the internship, he served as Flag Aide to the DLA Aviation Commander from January 2013 to October 2014. In December 2014, LCDR Donahue reported onboard USS SPRUANCE (DDG 111) as Supply Officer where his Supply Team earned two consecutive “BLUE E” for Logistics Excellence awards. He is currently stationed at the Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA. LCDR Donahue qualified Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act Level I in Program Management and DAWIA Level II in Contracting, from the Defense Acquisition University. He completed Joint Professional Military Education (JPME) Phase I. His personal awards include the Joint Commendation Medal, Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal, Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal and various other commendations. He also received the Supply Corps Surface Warfare Officer breast insignia. Captain Thien N. Duong grew up in Vietnam and came to the United States in 1995. Upon graduating from High School, he enlisted in the United Air Force in 2003. Subsequently, he received an appointment to the United States Air Force Academy from Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - iii - Naval Postgraduate School where he received a Bachelor in Management and a minor in Chinese. He his currently enrolled in the Master of Business Administration program for Acquisition at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. Captain Duong’s first Contracting assignment was at Offutt AFB, Nebraska. He was the officer in charge of the Specialized Contracting Flight. In 2014, he was deployed to United Arab of Emirates to support the United States’ fight against ISIS. Following his return from deployment, Captain Duong served as Contracting Section Chief in charge developing, producing, and sustaining radar systems. Captain Duong achieved DAWIA Level III in Contracting from the Defense Acquisition University. He received numerous awards including the Air Force Commendation Medal and Army Commendation Medal. Captain Friday Ameh was born in Nigeria and moved to the US in 2002. He enlisted in the United States Army in November 2005 and completed entry and advance training at Fort Jackson, SC and Fort Lee, VA, respectively. He joined the BYU Army ROTC in 2007, while pursuing an undergraduate degree in Political Science with a minor in Military Science, and was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 2009. Upon commissioning, Friday attended Basic Officer Course Phase I and II (OBC I&II) at Fort Sill, OK and Fort Lee, VA. He was then assigned to the 96th Aviation Support Battalion, 101st Combat Aviation Brigade, and the 101st Airborne Division, as a Platoon Leader. He then deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Upon his return, he served as a Supply Support Activity Platoon Leader, Battalion Logistics Operation Officer, and later served as 101st Combat Aviation Brigade Assistant Operations Officer. In 2013, he moved to Fort Lee, VA where he attended the Combined Logistics Captain Career Course (CLC3) at the Army Logistics University. Upon completion of CLC3, he was assigned to HSC, 302 Brigade Support Battalion, 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division, South Korea, as the Deputy Support OS4 Operations Officer. He was also selected to serve as the Commander of Delta Forward Support Company, 4th Squadron, 7th U.S. Cavalry. Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - iv - Naval Postgraduate School He returned to the United States and was assigned to United States Army Recruiting Command (USAREC) and served as the Long Beach Army Recruiting Company Commander. He is currently attending Navy Postgraduate School (NPS) and will graduate 14 December, 2018. His military education includes a defense focused Master of Business Administration (MBA), CLC3, OBC I&II, Support Operation Phase I, Air Assault School, Pathfinder School, and USAREC Commander/1SGT Course. His awards and decorations include the Bronze Star, 2 Meritorious Service, Army Commendation, Army Achievement, National Defense Service, Afghanistan Campaign, Meritorious Global War on Terrorism Service, and NATO Unit Commendation medals. In addition, he achieved the Valorous Unit Award, Army Service Ribbon, 2 Army Overseas Ribbons, the Pathfinder and Air Assault Badge. Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - v - Naval Postgraduate School THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - vi - Naval Postgraduate School ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, we would like to thank our families for their constant support while studying here at the Naval Postgraduate School and throughout our careers. Second, we would like to thank the NPS Acquisition Research Program and the NPS Graduate Writing Center for all of their persistent support with our MBA project. Last, we would like to especially thank Dr. Robert Mortlock and Professor Raymond Jones, our MBA project advisors, for going above and beyond in continuously supporting us with this milestone. Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - vii - Naval Postgraduate School THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - viii - Naval Postgraduate School NPS-PM-19-019 ACQUISITION RESEARCH PROGRAM SPONSORED REPORT SERIES Why do Programs Fail? An Analysis of Defense Program Manager Decision Making in Complex and Chaotic Program Environments December 2018 LCDR James R. Donahue, USN Capt. Thien N. Duong, USAF CPT Friday E. Ameh, USA Thesis Advisors: Dr. Robert F. Mortlock, Lecturer Raymond D. Jones, Lecturer Graduate School of Business & Public Policy Naval Postgraduate School Disclaimer: The views represented in this report are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy position of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the federal government. Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - ix - Naval Postgraduate School THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Acquisition Research Program Graduate School of Business & Public Policy - x - Naval Postgraduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1