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DE HISTORIA UROLOGIAE EUROPAEAE Edited by Philip Van Kerrebroeck, Jonathan Goddard and Dirk Schultheiss De Historia Urologiae Europaeae

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DE HISTORIA UROLOGIAE EUROPAEAE Edited by Philip Van Kerrebroeck, Jonathan Goddard and Dirk Schultheiss De Historia Urologiae Europaeae VOLUME 28 Special PDF Edition DE HISTORIA UROLOGIAE EUROPAEAE EDITED BY PHILIP VAN KERREBROECK, JONATHAN GODDARD AND DIRK SCHULTHEISS De Historia Urologiae Europaeae Volume 28 Edited by: Philip Van Kerrebroeck Co-editors: Jonathan Goddard Dirk Schultheiss European Association of Urology 2021 PB The History Office of the EAU P.E.V. Van Kerrebroeck (Chairman) Antwerp (BE) C. Alamanis Athens (GR) J. Angulo Cuesta Madrid (ES) E. Cuenant Montpellier (FR) P. Dik Utrecht (NL) J.C. Goddard Leicester (GB) R. Jungano Naples (IT) F.H. Moll Cologne (DE) M.S. Rahnama’i Aachen (DE) I. Romics Budapest (HU) D. Schultheiss Giessen (DE) R. Sosnowski Warsaw (PL) P. Thompson London (GB) A. Verit Istanbul (TR) 3 PB Contents of Volume 28 de Historia Urologiae Europaeae (2021) Foreword 6 Chris Chapple Introduction 7 Philip Van Kerrebroeck Peter Paul Figdor (1926-2020) 10 Second addendum to De Historia Urologiae Europaeae Vol.26 13 The History of Urology Parsifal: The Story of Geoffrey Parker, British Urologist 14 and Surgeon to the French Resistance Jasmine Winyard and Jonathan Charles Goddard St. Cosmas and St. Damian’s Role in Urology 26 Marcos Cherem-Kibrit and Jorge Moreno-Palacios Special Extended Chapters A History of the Treatment of Urethral Stricture Disease 35 Anthony R. Mundy The ‘Consilium’ by Andreas Vesalius for Bernhardus 89 of Augsburg, a Nobleman with Recurrent Urinary Problems (Padua, October 12, 1538) Omer Steeno, Maurits Biesbrouck and Theodoor Goddeeris 4 PB Urological Pioneers Michele Troja: Enlightenment Scientist, and the 154 “Urology Chair” at the University of Naples in the 18th Century Renato Jungano and Gloria Castagnolo Friedrich August von Haken (1833-1888): 167 His Contribution to the Development of Endoscopy Thaddaeus Zajaczkowski 5 PB Foreword If you are reading this volume of De Historia Urologiae Europaeae in 2021, you are reading a digital copy that was made available to EAU members and delegates of our virtual 36th Annual EAU Congress, EAU21. I am pleased to announce that we will, however, be printing Vol. 28 so that it can be distributed with future copies of the series when we have our next regular Annual Congress. This volume features contributions from all around the world, with centre stage being given to two special extended chapters with new research and insights. Prof. Van Kerrebroeck explains the decision by the editorial team and the significance of these chapters in his introduction on page 7. We start this volume with an interesting article by Jonathan Goddard and his co-author Jasmine Winyard, in which they present Geoffrey Parker, a courageous British urologist and surgeon to the French Resistance. Marcos Cherem-Kibrit and Jorge Moreno-Palacios tell the story of Saints Damian and Cosmas, whose miracles and martyrdom made them early urological patron saints. De Historia always highlights pioneers in our field. In this edition we are introduced to Michele Troja. Co-authors Renato Jungano and Gloria Castagnolo make the case that he could be considered the first chairman of a urological department. This is part of a discussion that is being held in the EAU’s History Office, and largely depends on definitions of “urology” and “department”. Finally, Thaddaeus Zajaczkowski brings to our attention Friedrich August von Haken and his significant contributions to the development of endoscopy. This is yet another example on how important developments get lost in the folds of history, but nevertheless merit our renewed attention. Chris Chapple EAU Secretary General 6 PB Introduction As editor of the De Historia Urologiae Europaeae series, it is a great pleasure, also on behalf of the co-editors Jonathan Goddard and Dirk Schultheiss, to introduce this 28th volume. As the Covid-19 pandemic forced us to switch from live events to digital forms of communication, we also had to question the necessity of a printed version of this volume. Nowadays printed books may seem like fixed mirrors of an elusive virtual world, but a paper version of a book remains a carefully composed object, that offers documentation or archival work that can be inspiring, and that supports our memory. The obvious presence and intrinsic beau- ty of a printed version of a book resists the tsunami of information, and allows the reader to spend some moments in an oasis which facilitates reflection on our work, and in fact our life. Like listening to poetry, to read a printed book requests some effort and attention, but also endures time and silence. Moreover, a printed book is here to stay as a good friend that never let us down. Therefore we are happy and grateful that the Executive and the Board of the EAU continue to support a printed version of the De Historia, and make it possible to offer it to the EAU membership. However, in light of the pandemic, as this would already be the second volume that will not reach the EAU members as planned, it was agreed to already offer you a digital version of this 28th volume to coincide with the EAU21 Virtual Congress. Printed copies of Volume 28 will be available at the next regular congress. The decision to distribute this volume digitally in 2021 was also largely influenced by the fact that this volume contains two major and indeed unique publications. We felt we could not deny you the possibility to read these, even for the time being in a digital format! The first of these extra long chapters is “A History of the Treatment of Urethral Stricture Disease”, written by Prof. Tony Mundy from London. We feel very honoured that this world expert 7 PB in urethral surgery accepted our invitation to write on the historic aspects of the challenging problem that represents urethral stricture disease, even today. The author presents us with a brilliant overview of the many diagnostic and therapeutic developments of the past, but also proves that actual individual clinical expertise is built on so many achievements by our predecessors. With ups and also many downs, they developed the subtle art of urethral surgery. The lessons based on historic experience, as presented in this easy-to-read article, should not only prevent the repeating of earlier mistakes, but will also allow us the development of skills unseen before. The second highlight is yet another major and indeed sig- nificant contribution to the history of Urology in Europe. “The ‘Consilium’ by Andreas Vesalius for Bernhardus of Augsburg” will definitely promote this volume of the ‘de Historia’ series as an inter- national reference. Three non-urological colleagues, well-respected scholars on the life and works of the famous Flemish anatomist Andreas Vesalius, present us with a unique document by this giant of medicine. The authors discuss a recently discovered and hitherto unknown medical letter (consilium) by Vesalius, dealing with a patient that presented with a chronic urological problem. Many of us know Vesalius (the Flemish doctor Andries Van Wesel) because of his pioneering work in anatomy, fewer probably know that he was also a well respected clinician in his time, and consulted all over Europe. For the first time, the recently rediscovered original Latin text has been translated into English, and presents us an intriguing glimpse into 16th century medicine. It is an amazing experience to come so close to the specific aspects of renaissance medicine! We very much enjoyed reading this article and helping with its transla- tion. We hope that you share with us the admiration and respect for Vesalius and his clinical observations, but also for the patient that was ‘submitted’ for his urological problem to the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of that time! 8 PB Aside from these two milestone articles, we feature several other articles from regular contributors and from presenters at pre- vious EAU congresses. These deal with equally intriguing topics in an elegant fashion. I very much enjoyed reading them! We hope that this introduction has motivated you not only to scroll through this digital copy of the 28th volume of the De Historia, but to read the articles and enjoy the excellent illustrations. We hope to present you with a printed version as soon as possible! On behalf of the board of the EAU History Office we would like to thank the Executive Board of the EAU for the continuing support to our activities and more especially the continuing publica- tion of the De Historia Urologiae Europaeae series, even under chal- lenging conditions. Philip Van Kerrebroeck EAU History Office Chairman Editor 9 PB Peter Paul Figdor (1926-2020) “Whenever an old man dies, it is as though a library were burning down” This quote by Malian writer, historian and ethnologist Amadou Hampâté (1900-1991) was the deepest of our feelings when Univ. Doz. Dr. Peter Paul Figdor passed away in August 2020. He was a real library and an encyclopaedia on the History of Urology. Peter Paul Figdor was a very humble and kind man. After completing his medical studies at the University of Vienna he started his training in urology in 1950 under the famous Prof. Dr. Richard Übelhör at the Hospital in Lainz. At that time his main interest was in nephrology, especially the use of artificial kidney and peritoneal dialysis and later also in kidney transplanta- tion. Figdor was involved in the establishment of the first unit for haemodialysis at the Lainz Hospital in 1953, at that time one of the first in Central Europe. For further training in this field he was a long term guest resident with Prof. Alwall in Lund, Sweden, and Prof. Borst in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. During his further urological training he focused on oncologi- cal surgery, reconstructive surgery, paediatric urology and hospital 10 PB hygiene. In 1962 he followed his teacher and chief Prof.
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