DOCSLIB.ORG

Technology and Knowledge Transfer in Nigeria – the Possibilities, Challenges and Requirements

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Technology and Knowledge Transfer in Nigeria – the Possibilities, Challenges and Requirements Master’s Thesis in Industrial Economics spring 2016 Norwegian university of Life Sciences Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology Technology and knowledge transfer in Nigeria – the possibilities, challenges and requirements Teknologi og kunnskapsoverføring i Nigeria - mulighetene, utfordringene og kravene Ema David Industrial Economics Technology and knowledge transfer in Nigeria – the possibilities, challenges and requirements by Ema David Master’s Thesis in Industrial Economics spring 2016 Norwegian university of Life Sciences Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology Master Thesis Spring 2016 1 Ema David Foreword and Aknowledgements This is my master thesis in Industrial economics, and the final step in my study for the five-year university degree; Master in Technology at The Norwegian University. The project work has been carried out at the Department of mathematical sciences and technology, where I have chosen to specialize in mechanical engineering, product development and economy. As an individual that grew up in Nigeria and as a witness to the challenges facing Nigeria as an “independent nation”, I feel the great need to clarify the various areas and activities that hinders the advancement of progressive development in the country and thereby give some suggestions and recommendations on what to do to improve the situation. I attended primary and secondary school in Nigeria and I experienced the suppression and favoritism meted to selected regions in educational system through “quota system”. I also witnessed the corruptive activities in the Nigerian democracy, the inhibition of free and fair elections, the activities of the politicians forcing themselves in power through favorable manipulative elective processes, media restrictions through constitutional laws and the corruptive policies from the democratic rulers to divert all the revenues to themselves. I am motivated by how the Norwegian government maximizes the effectivity of human resource utilization. Norway, a very small country in contrast to Nigeria in terms of human population, utilizes its human resources very effectively and do not depend on the oil. If Norway can achieve so much with just a population of less than 6 million, imagine what Nigeria can achieve with a huge population of about 180 million people. My motivation is also based on my observation of the essence and benefit of job creation in Norway. I realized by living in Norway that one of the biggest investment one can make is investing in human resources through the provision of good educational system and job opportunities. This becomes a life cycle where the government invests on its people and then gets returns by taxation and developments. I am also motivated by the humility of Norwegians in general. I once took a tram with a former Norwegian Prime minister Kjell Magne Bondevik from National Theatre to Majorstua. I was highly overwhelmed to see a former Prime Minister sitting side by side with me in a tram. This never happens in Nigeria, rather Nigerian former presidents ride on private jets and expensive cars with entourages at the expense of the national revenues even after they are no longer in offices. I am further motivated by how easy life can be with good, reliable and well-functioning infrastructures. The Norwegian school system is good. Not only that it is free for everyone, but the quota system does not suppress or discriminate people, but it encourages all to be involved. I wish to extend my gratitude to the Associate Professor Jan Kåre Boe, who gave me the insight and the support that I needed in making this project a reality. Even when I was undecided on what to write, he stood patiently and solidly behind me and encouraged me to use my inspirations and experiences from my past Nigerian background to increase knowledge of the region of Africa and lay foundations for further studies and decisions in collaboration with the existing governments. Aas, May 15th 2016 Ema David Master Thesis Spring 2016 2 Ema David Abstract Technology transfer should be an act of transferring technology through knowledge, facilities and better managements that can enhance economic growth to the recipients. The role should be establishing strategies that will boost industrial and technological development to the recipient countries. Through the strategies, the recipients can utilize their natural and human resources effectively through technology implementations. The word technology transfer for the developed countries is an act of helping the recipient countries to gain better technological infrastructures to improve their standard of living. Though technology transfer is applicable to the LDCs and DCs, the developed countries have indulged in this within themselves for a very long time with remarkable results. With the establishment of effective technology transfer on the ground, it can pave ways for increase in skills and job creations which in turn can increase labor forces and then finally the economic growth of the recipients. Technology can be transferred directly by the contraction of the individual experts and consultant companies where those transferring the technology are engaged in engineering designs and plant construction enterprises, training nationals for specific production projects, technical information activities, and transferring of the technology that is embodied in capital goods by the importation of equipment that are purchased directly from machine manufactures. Therefore, by doing so, the advancement of the technological capabilities will be finally achieved through the adaptation, importation and utilization of the foreign technology. The background of this project is based on the imbalance between the LDCs, DCs and the developed countries. The result of this imbalance can be seen in Security issues which the world is trying to address in wrong ways. The strategies, the policies and the practices that are devised to continue the dominance over the other gives no anticipated result for the peace and tranquility the world desires, but on the contrary, it makes things worse and the world face the most security problems they have never had in many centuries. The current exodus of the masses from the LDCs and DCs is a great concern and needs to be addressed. The situation in these countries gives rise to the exploitation of these masses both by their own people and also some people from the developed countries. The masses become a target for human trafficking, hard labor and terrorist tools. The fact is that people who are used are the poor masses who do not have reasons to live. Those that brainwash them use their vulnerable circumstances to mount pressure on them and make them become a menace to the society. The influence of the developed and the rich countries towards the LDCs and DCs is also a major threat to the global unity and can also be abated through genuine and functional technology transfer. The issues to be addressed is the inability of Nigeria and the other African countries to address their underdevelopment and unprogressive issues due to corruption and dependency on the developed countries for monetary aids. Due to this dependency, African countries lack good functioning and reliable infrastructures; no good roads and railways, no reliable electricity and no reliable communication system African health system is nothing to write home about and the educational system is far below standard. The cultural diversities which supposed to be a blessing becomes a means of Master Thesis Spring 2016 3 Ema David discrimination which is a very big hindrance to the development of the continent. The others issues are the external issues from the developed countries like the immigration policies, the organizations that works to suppress the development of the continent. Until these issues are well addressed, the African continent will always be in the dark and as long as they remain in the dark, they will always create problems for the developed countries because Africans are already exposed to the good lives of the developed countries. Immigration problem is also an issue of concern. The Europeans migrated to the many countries in Africa including Nigeria when they had need for their natural resources. They called it colonial era. Some of them never went back. USA, Australia and South Africa are examples of places where Europeans migrated to and never returned back to their place of origin. While the Europeans killed some of the habitants of the places where they migrated to, Nigerians and other African countries migrate to Europe to work. If there is no genuine technology transfer to the needed areas, the masses from the affected areas will always have the need to emigrate to better places. The developed countries feel that they will lose their power, influence and dominance if the less developed countries become significant as the them. The main aim of this project is to point out those areas that needed changes and then give recommendations on what can be done to get an effective result. Those areas include channeling the monetary aids into knowledge and skills for an effective technology transfer, joining force in fighting corruption and drawing potential investors to Nigeria to invest in Agriculture. The project is presented by the use of historical events, analysis of the current and past events, researches, argumentative and statistical illustrations that supports the theoretical facts of the project. To analyze the events, tables, figures and pictures are used to clarify the importance of the necessary changes in Nigeria and other African countries at large with due considerations of the motives, the causes, and the driving forces of every activity that brought Nigeria and other African countries into the erratic situations they have faced and are still facing today. My recommendations include channeling the monetary aids into technology transfer through skills and knowledge, better policies that helps to abate corruption and not policies that promotes and suppresses economic growth and technological advancements to the recipients.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Characterization and Delineation of Aquifer in Part of Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria
    IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) e-ISSN: 2321–0990, p-ISSN: 2321–0982.Volume 2, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug. 2014), PP 30-37 www.iosrjournals.org Characterization and Delineation of Aquifer in Part of Omoku, Rivers State, Nigeria 1I. Tamunobereton-ari, 2V. B. Omubo-Pepple and 3A.R.C. Amakiri 1,2,3Department of Physics, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt 500001, Nigeria. Abstract: Hydrogeological work was carried out to providing an alternative source of portable water supply to Omoku and its environs as their major source of water which is surface water had been contaminated/polluted by oil and gas exploration, exploitation and other anthropogenic activities in the area. To obtaining reliable data and achieving the aim, geoelectric sounding method and Schlumberger array was employed with the use of a digital averaging instrument ABEM terrameter SAS 300 model that displays the resistance measurements directly with a maximum current electrode separation (AB) of 100m. WinResist software computer iterative procedure was used, which aided to obtaining interpreted depths and resistivities from field data. The results of the geoelectric survey were tied to various lithologies by calibrating the geoelectric values with borehole data which enabled us to establish the aquiferous zones. The aquifers were located at depth of about 22m to 30m based soil profile and high resistivity values ranging from 3415m to 4555m. The information from the findings can be successfully used to harnessing and supply safe, portable and sustainable water to the people of Omoku and its environs in Rivers State, Nigeria. Keywords: Groundwater, aquifer, geoelectric layer, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) I.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded for Personal Non-Commercial Research Or Study, Without Prior Permission Or Charge
    https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] THE POLITICS AMO ADMINISTRATION OF COhTUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE RIVERS STATE OF NIGERIA BY LAURENCE A.8. lYAGOA Submitbed for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Glasgow Duly 1976 ProQuest Number: 10647271 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uesL ProQuest 10647271 Published by ProQuest LLO (2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLO. ProQuest LLO.
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenges of Developing Buguma Town As a Secondary City in Rivers State Nigeria
    KIU Journal of Social Sciences KIU Journal of Social Sciences Copyright©2019 Kampala International University ISSN: 2413-9580; 5(2): 19–30 The Challenges of Developing Buguma Town as a Secondary City in Rivers State Nigeria VICTOR OWITUBO CHARLES, NALUBA GOODY NWIEKPIGI Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt Abstract. This study investigated the challenges Keywords: Challenges, Secondary, City, of developing Buguma as a secondary city in Developing. Rivers State. This study made use of public opinion survey research design with a sample 1. Introduction size of 200 respondents. Data was sourced from the research instrument known as developing 1.1 Background and Overview Buguma Secondary City Questionnaire (DBSCQ) designed along the Likert-type 4-point The philosophy underlying regional planning scale rating. Data was analyzed with both programmes is that the problems of urban and descriptive and inferential statistics. Simple rural areas are intricately connected and should percentage was used to analyze the descriptive be so solved within a regional framework and inferential statistics. Simple percentage was (Slatter 2012, World Bank, 2011). Similarly, used to analyze the socio-demographic global economic activities and population background of the respondents while mean and dynamics are increasingly concentrated in big standard deviation were used to analyze the cities and as a result, urban research has tended research questions. One way analysis of variance to focus on large metropolitan areas at the (ANOVA) was used to analyze the hypotheses. expense of secondary cities which have been a The results of the study revealed that majority of rediscovery of the city in academic discourse the respondents were male 108 (54%); were (Marais, Rooyen, Lenka and Cloete.
    [Show full text]
  • Nigerian Nationalism: a Case Study in Southern Nigeria, 1885-1939
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1972 Nigerian nationalism: a case study in southern Nigeria, 1885-1939 Bassey Edet Ekong Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the African Studies Commons, and the International Relations Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ekong, Bassey Edet, "Nigerian nationalism: a case study in southern Nigeria, 1885-1939" (1972). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 956. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.956 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF' THE 'I'HESIS OF Bassey Edet Skc1::lg for the Master of Arts in History prt:;~'entE!o. 'May l8~ 1972. Title: Nigerian Nationalism: A Case Study In Southern Nigeria 1885-1939. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITIIEE: ranklln G. West Modern Nigeria is a creation of the Britiahl who be­ cause of economio interest, ignored the existing political, racial, historical, religious and language differences. Tbe task of developing a concept of nationalism from among suoh diverse elements who inhabit Nigeria and speak about 280 tribal languages was immense if not impossible. The tra.ditionalists did their best in opposing the Brltlsh who took away their privileges and traditional rl;hts, but tbeir policy did not countenance nationalism. The rise and growth of nationalism wa3 only po~ sible tbrough educs,ted Africans.
    [Show full text]
  • 13 Assessment of Flooding on the Secondary School Students in Ogba / Egbema / Ndoni Local Government Area in Rivers State, Niger
    International Journal of Education Learning and Development Vol.1, No .2, pp.13-18, December 2013 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journals.org) ASSESSMENT OF FLOODING ON THE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OGBA / EGBEMA / NDONI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA Dr. Eric Chikweru Amadi Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Technical and Science Education, Rivers State University of Science & Technology, Port Harcourt ABSTRACT: This study assesses the effects of flooding on the Secondary School Students in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria, which occurred in October 2012. Data of this study were obtained from questionnaires, interview, personal observation, and newspaper report. A total of 90 respondents, drawn from residents in flood prone areas, were sampled for this study. Survey method was used in the analysis of data. The result of analysis showed that floods in Omoku occurred mostly at the event of rainfall intensity and amount and especially at rainy season but this particular flood occurred in October 2012 after the main rainy season (August/September). Factors other than rainfall identified to substantially influenced flooding in the study are: lack of good drainage network, dumping of wastes / refuse in drainage and water channels, topographic characteristics, overflowing of riverbanks, low infiltration due to high water table and degree of built up areas leading to increased runoffs, and climate changes. Despite the flood hazards, occupants in flood prone area have remained on the basis of no alternative, cultural ethnic affinity, schools, family home, place where students stayed used to flooding as the whole area suffered from flooding nature of occupation, and cheaper houses to rent, animals, and farm lands which will lead to hunger in the future in those affected areas, personal properties and public infrastructures also suffered all forms of flood damages.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Vehicular Traffic on Ambient Air Quality in Selected Junctions in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
    Science World Journal Vol 13(No 4) 2018 www.scienceworldjournal.org ISSN 1597-6343 Published by Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University IMPACT OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN SELECTED JUNCTIONS IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA 1 2 J. N. Ugbebor & I.P. LongJohn Full Length Research Article 1Environmental Engineering Department, University of Port Harcourt 2Centre for Logistics and Transportation, University of Port Harcourt *Corresponding Author Email Address: [email protected] Tel: +2348033415501 ABSTRACT internal combustion engines which burn gasoline or other fossil The increase in the vehicle population in Port Harcourt associated fuels during the process of combustion, and subsequently with increase in economic activities has left a scar in ambient air generate a number of gaseous materials and impurities. These quality. This study investigated the impact of vehicular traffic in combustion by-products (such as un-burnt petrol, carbon selected junction of Port Harcourt city. Air quality survey was monoxide, and hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen, lead compounds conducted using standard analytical protocols Anemometer, and and smoke) are emitted into the environment as exhaust gases. multi-purpose air quality analyzers. The generated results showed Previous studies have linked traffic-related air pollution to asthma that PM2.5 and PM 10 at Garrison, Isaac Boro park, Lagos Bus exacerbation, reduced lung function, respiratory complications stop and control were above NAAQS limit of 35.0µg/m3 and and public health (Barber, 1992; Prather, 1995; Gordian, 2006 & 150.0µg/m3 respectively. Total suspended particulate matter Janel, 2013). (TSPM) in Garrison, and Lagos Bus stop were 208.0µg/m3, and Experience also had shown that, some of the problems witness in 398.53µg/m3which were above NAAQS limit of 200.0µg/m3.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing Flood Risk in Lagos Island Local Government Area of Lagos State Babalola M
    Analyzing flood risk in Lagos island local government area of Lagos state Babalola M. ADEWARA, Hudson E. IRIVBOGBE, Wasiu YUSUF, Mutiu AKITOYE Key words: Flooding, Modelling, Risk Assessment, GIS SUMMARY Lagos Island is a low lying area in Lagos State, plagued by flood on a yearly basis. When intense rainfall occurs, this location is usually flooded, leading to loss and damage of property. In July 2012, extreme rainfall events occurred in this location and this led to severe flooding that caused serious damage to both public and private properties. More extreme flooding occurred in this same location in July 2017. Hence, in this study, the HEC (Hydrological Engineering Centre) modelling packages such as HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS software packages as well as ARCGIS software are used to simulate flood occurrence in Lagos Island. Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and GIS are used for the flood modelling and mapping. LIDAR data, rainfall data, land use maps and GPS points are input data layers in this study. The results indicate that the average flow depths within the study area is 3.2m and over 60% of the Residential and Commercial buildings are at risk. Flood hazard maps are also generated to identify the areas within the city with high risk of flooding. Three-dimensional model of the location with embedded flood inundation map is also generated for a better understanding of the severity of flooding in the location. Analysing Flood Risk in Lagos Island Local Government Area of Lagos State (9593) Hudson Irivbogbe, Monsur Adeware, Wasiu Yusuf and Mutiu Akitoye (Nigeria) FIG Congress 2018 Embracing our smart world where the continents connect: enhancing the geospatial maturity of societies Istanbul, Turkey, May 6–11, 2018 Analyzing flood risk in Lagos island local government area of Lagos state Babalola M.
    [Show full text]
  • IJREES Vol17 P2 June20 Antai
    June. 2020. Vol. 17, No.1 ISSN 2311-2484 International Journal of Research In Earth & Environmental Sciences © 2013-2020 IJREES & K.A.J. All rights reserved www.ijsk.org/ijrees POLLUTANT STANDARD INDEX AND AIR QUALITY INDEX OF THE DRY SEASON CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS OF PORT HARCOURT AND ITS ENVIRONS, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA Antai, Raphael E.1; Osuji, Leo C. 2; Obafemi, Andrew A.3 and Onojake, Mudiaga C.4 1 Institute of Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 1 Inter - Environments Limited, Rumudara, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 2,4 Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 3 Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Pollutant standards indices (PSI) were computed for each study area to indicate the concentration level of each pollutant in the study area, while air quality indices were computed to show the degree of air pollution effects on human health in Port Harcourt and its environs. The Air Quality index (AQI) revealed the health effects on people in the respective study area may be experienced. Results of AQI indicated that Eleme, Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt are most polluted areas compared to Oyigbo, Ikwerre Local Government Area (LGA) and Etche in the dry season. Keywords: Pollutant Standard Index, Air Quality Index, Dry Season, Criteria Air Pollutants. 1. INTRODUCTION Generally, the study revealed that Eleme, Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt areas are exposed to high pollutants concentrations, especially sulphur dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, which may adversely affect public health or aggravate the health conditions of the exposed population (Chelana, et al., 2002; Longhurst, 2005; Efe, 2006; and Antai et al., 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • Somalia's Judeao-Christian Heritage 3
    Aram Somalia's Judeao-Christian Heritage 3 SOMALIA'S JUDEAO-CHRISTIAN HERITAGE: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY Ben I. Aram* INTRODUCTION The history of Christianity in Somalia is considered to be very brief and as such receives only cursory mention in many of the books surveying this subject for Africa. Furthermore, the story is often assumed to have begun just over a century ago, with the advent of modem Western mission activity. However, evidence from three directions sheds light on the pre­ Islamic Judeao-Christian influence: written records, archaeological data and vestiges of Judeao-Christian symbolism still extant within both traditional 1 Somali culture and closely related ethnic groups • Together such data indicates that both Judaism and Christianity preceded Islam to the lowland Horn of Africa In the introduction to his article on Nubian Christianity, Bowers (1985:3-4) bemoans the frequently held misconception that Christianity only came recently to Africa, exported from the West. He notes that this mistake is even made by some Christian scholars. He concludes: "The subtle impact of such an assumption within African Christianity must not be underestimated. Indeed it is vital to African Christian self-understanding to recognize that the Christian presence in Africa is almost as old as Christianity itself, that Christianity has been an integral feature of the continent's life for nearly two thousand years." *Ben I. Aram is the author's pen name. The author has been in ministry among Somalis since 1982, in somalia itself, and in Kenya and Ethiopia. 1 These are part of both the Lowland and Highland Eastern Cushitic language clusters such as Oromo, Afar, Hadiya, Sidamo, Kambata, Konso and Rendille.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prevalence and Plasmid Profile of Non-Typhoidal Salmonellosis in Children in Lagos Metropolis, South-Western Nigeria
    Open Access Research The prevalence and plasmid profile of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in children in Lagos metropolis, South-western Nigeria Ajoke Olutola Adagbada1,&, Akitoye Olusegun Coker1, Stella Ifeanyi Smith2, Solayide Abosede Adesida3 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, 2Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria, 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria &Corresponding author: Ajoke Olutola Adagbada, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria Key words: Prevalence, plasmid, salmonellosis, children Received: 29/12/2012 - Accepted: 17/11/2014 - Published: 09/12/2014 Abstract Introduction: Non-typhoidal Salmonella is the causative agent of gastroenteritis, a food-borne and zoonotic infection which is a major cause of high morbidity and death among children under 5 years of age especially from resource poor settings like the developing countries. Methods: This study was carried out for 6 months to determine the prevalence and plasmid profile of non-typhoidal salmonellosis in children in Lagos metropolis. A total of 105 stool samples were collected from diarrheal children aged 3 months to 12 years and processed during this period. The isolates were identified using Selenite F Broth, Salmonella-Shigella Agar, Kligler Iron Agar, and Motility-indole-Urea medium, citrate and sugar utilization tests. Results: A total number of 127 isolates were identified, 2 of which are Salmonella enteritidis (1.6%). The non-typhoidal Salmonellae were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, cetotaxime, streptomycin, cotrimxazole and tetracycline. Only one of the 2 isolates (50%) was sensitive to amoxillin and sulphonamide while none of them (0%) was sensitive to cefuroxime.
    [Show full text]
  • Eritrea: Scenarios for Future Transition
    Eritrea: Scenarios for Future Transition Africa Report N°200 | 28 March 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Beginning of the End for President Isaias Afwerki? ................................................ 3 A. The Incident at Forto ................................................................................................. 4 B. 2012: The President’s Annus Horribilis? ................................................................... 6 III. The State of Eritrea ........................................................................................................... 10 A. The Foundation of a One-Man State ......................................................................... 11 1. The Dream Disintegrates ..................................................................................... 12 2. The Stifling of Dissent .......................................................................................... 13 3. The Removal of Checks and Balances .................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Trees and Sustainable Urban Air Quality in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
    FUO Quarterly Journal of Contemporary Research, Volume 6 No. 4, December 2018 TREES AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN AIR QUALITY IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA OJULE, EMMANUEL S.C., Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty of Social Sciences Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Rumuolumeni, P.M.B 5047 Port Harcourt [email protected] CLIFFORD ANARIOCHI B. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty of Social Sciences Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Rumuolumeni, P.M.B 5047 Port Harcourt [email protected] UKPERE, DENNIS T.R. PhD. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty of Social Sciences Ignatius Ajuru University of Education Rumuolumeni, P.M.B 5047 Port Harcourt [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper examined the relevance of trees for the promotion of Port Harcourt ecosystem. The paper argued that Port Harcourt as a major urban centre in Nigeria is growing in size and complexity. As a major industrial and commercial city, it is presently experiencing an increase in air and noise pollution. This pollution is a function of two primary factors: increase in the use of fossil fuel by the rapid growth in automobiles and industrial domestic power plants (generators) and growing affluence in the life style of city residents. Thus, there is correspondent increase in traffic, noise and emission of C02 (carbon dioxide) and Co (carbon monoxide). As a result of this, air pollution over Port Harcourt had reached a critical stage and efforts must be made to combat this environmental challenge. The cheapest and clearest way of addressing this problem is by massive planting of trees across the length and breadth of the city.
    [Show full text]