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Dual Process Models and Cognitive Failures A UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara To Detect or Not To Detect: Dual Process Models and Cognitive Failures A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychological and Brain Sciences by Alexander Benson Swan Committee in charge: Professor Russell Revlin, Chair Professor Mary Hegarty Professor Richard E. Mayer Professor Eric R. A. N. Smith June 2016 The dissertation of Alexander Benson Swan is approved. _____________________________________________ Mary Hegarty _____________________________________________ Richard E. Mayer _____________________________________________ Eric R. A. N. Smith _____________________________________________ Russell Revlin, Committee Chair May 2016 To Detect or Not To Detect: Dual Process Models and Cognitive Failures Copyright © 2016 by Alexander Benson Swan iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are several people I wish to acknowledge here, without whom the creation of this manuscript and the containment of my sanity would not be possible. First, this manuscript is dedicated to my wife, Astrid, and my son, Oliver, for their undying support for me in every aspect of my life. Second, I wish to acknowledge the support and guidance of my doctoral advisor, Dr. Russell Revlin. The research explored and discussed in this manuscript would not have been possible had he not allowed me to forge my own research path. His research insightfulness and pragmatism kept me from traversing too far down the rabbit hole. I am grateful for his patience with my writing and my desire to focus my graduate efforts on teaching. Perhaps I am most grateful that he decided to take one last graduate student, giving me the chance to earn this doctorate. Third, I must thank the three women who allowed me to actually write this manuscript: my sister, Caitlin Cowley, for jumping at the chance to spend time with her nephew so I could devote full days to writing; my mother-in-law, Libby Seipelt, for the same, especially while Astrid was away on a trip; and last, my mother, Barbie Gonzales, for taking two weeks out of her busy life to come spend time with her grandson so I could write and travel. I also thank her for an entire life of believing in me. There will be very little I will be able to do to repay these efforts so that I could complete this manuscript. Fourth, I acknowledge the Monday afternoon Cognition Labs seminar group, with whom I have had the pleasure to see every week for the last five years. I especially want to thank Celeste Pilegard and Logan Fiorella for being there right from the beginning—it’s been a really fun journey each Monday! The list also includes two of my committee members, iv Drs. Mary Hegarty and Richard Mayer. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to chat about my research in a friendly and informal environment. Fifth, I want to acknowledge the efforts of each of my dissertation committee members, Russell Revlin, Mary Hegarty, Richard Mayer, and Eric Smith, for reading this lengthy and complicated manuscript and offering thoughtful comments and suggestions. Sixth, I am grateful for all the help from my undergraduate research assistants over the last few years. I would not have been able to collect the data needed for this dissertation or analyze some of the data without these eager folks. It has been an immense joy to mentor undergraduates in research methods, in much the same way I’ve been mentored in my doctoral training. Last, I want to thank all the friends and family that were not mentioned above. I don’t think my sanity would have remained intact without the fun, the camaraderie, the hugs, the commiserating, and the laughter. It is without a doubt that these things are necessary to write a document such as a dissertation. No matter how small or big your contribution was to this experience, you are all wonderful people to whom I am forever grateful. v VITA OF ALEXANDER BENSON SWAN May 2016 EDUCATION Expected June 2016 Psychological and Brain Sciences (Cognition, Perception, and Cognitive Neuroscience) – Ph.D., University of California, Santa Barbara • Advisor: Dr. Russell Revlin • Interdisciplinary Emphasis: Quantitative Methods in Social Sciences (QMSS) May 2011 Psychology – M.A. (With Distinction), California State University, Northridge • Advisor: Dr. Abraham M. Rutchick • Emphasis: General Experimental Psychology • Thesis Title: Therefore, Socrates is a talking head: Belief bias and syllogistic reasoning errors in cable news May 2008 Psychology – B.A. (Summa Cum Laude), California State University, Northridge Certifications 2015 Certificate in College and Undergraduate Teaching (CCUT) University of California, Santa Barbara 2012 Summer Teaching Institute for Associates Certificate (STIA) University of California, Santa Barbara 2010 Human Participants Protection Education for Research Teams National Institutes of Health TEACHING EXPERIENCE Instructor of Record Teaching Associate Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, UC Santa Barbara Winter 2016 Social Cognition Summer 2015 Lab in Advanced Research Methods Summer 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Introduction to Experimental Psychology Summer 2013, 2014; Winter 2014 Health Psychology Teaching Assistantships Graduate Teaching Assistant Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, UC Santa Barbara Spring 2016 Motivation Fall 2015 Introduction to Experimental Psychology Fall 2014 Introduction to Statistics Spring 2014 Psychology of the Self vi Fall 2013, Winter 2015, Spring 2016 Human Memory Winter-Spring 2012, Spring 2013, 2015 Laboratory in Human Memory & Cognition Winter 2013 Cognitive Neuroscience Fall 2012 Advanced Research Methods Laboratory Summer-Fall 2012 Health Psychology Fall 2011 Introduction to Psychology Graduate Teaching Assistant Psychology Department, California State University, Northridge Fall 2010 Introduction to Social Psychology Fall 2009 Statistical Methods in Psychology Undergraduate Teaching Assistant Psychology Department, California State University, Northridge Spring 2008 Statistical Methods in Psychology HONORS AND AWARDS May 2016 Contribution to Excellence in Teaching Award (CETA), Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara 2013-2015 AAAS/Science Program for Excellence in Science September 2011 Psychology Graduate Research Fellowship, University of California, Santa Barbara April 2011 Honorable Mention, William Wilsoncroft Graduate Award, Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge December 2010 1st Place, 20th Annual Psi Chi Research Competition, Graduate Division, California State University, Northridge November 2010 Master’s Thesis Funding Award, Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge Fall 2004 – Spring 2008 Dean’s List, California State University, Northridge 2005 National Dean’s List Spring 2005 – Present Phi Theta Kappa Member RESEARCH & SCHOLARSHIP Peer-Reviewed Publications and Conference Proceedings Swan, A. B., & Revlin, R. (2015). Inhibition failure is mediated by a disposition toward flexible thinking. In D. C. Noelle, R. Dale, A. S. Warlaumont, J. Yoshimi, T. Matlock, C. D. Jennings, & P. P. Maglio (Eds.), Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2314-2319). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Barrett, M. E., Swan, A. B., Mamikonian, A., Ghajoyan, I., Kramarova, O., & Youmans, R. J. (2014). Technology in note taking and assessment: The effects of congruence on student performance. International Journal of Instruction, 7(1), 51-60. vii Swan, A. B., Cohen, A., Evans, S. R., & Drescher, B. A. (2013). Influence of taste quality on affective state. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 18(2), 61-66. Swan, A. B., Chambers, A. Y., & Revlin, R. (2013). Scope of real beliefs in belief revision. In M. Knauff, M. Pauen, N. Sebanz, & I. Wachsmuth (Eds.), Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1414-1419). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Invited Talks & Presentations Swan, A. B. (2016, January). ‘How’ and ‘why’ beliefs affect the reasoning process. Paper presented at the Brown Bag Series, Department of Psychology and Sociology, College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN. Swan, A. B. (2015, December). Conflict detection and resolution in dual process thinking: A case for errors as cognitive failures. Paper presented at the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC. Swan, A. B., Chambers, A. Y., & Revlin, R. (2013, August). Scope of real beliefs in belief revision. Paper presented at the 35th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Berlin, Germany. [also under Conference Presentations] Swan, A. B. (2013, April). Revising your beliefs: How the scope of the rule affects your decision- making. Brown Bag Talk Series, Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge, Spring 2013. Swan, A. B. (2011). God and moral foundations: Can liberals turn right? Brown Bag Talk Series, Department of Psychology, California State University, Northridge, Spring 2011. Conference Presentations (*undergraduate author) Swan, A. B., *Hill, A., & Revlin, R. (2015, November). Is a picture worth a thousand numbers? The effect of base-rate images in a base-rate neglect task. Poster presented at the 56th annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Chicago, IL. Swan, A. B., & Revlin, R. (2015, July). Inhibition failure is mediated by a disposition toward flexible thinking. Poster presented at the 37th Annual Conference
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