DOCSLIB.ORG

E Ect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance and Failure

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
E Ect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance and Failure Durham E-Theses Eect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance and Failure: A Longitudinal Analysis GALI, NAZHA,KAMEL How to cite: GALI, NAZHA,KAMEL (2018) Eect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance and Failure: A Longitudinal Analysis, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12618/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance and Failure: A Longitudinal Analysis Nazha Kamel Gali A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entrepreneurship at Durham University Business School Durham University Business School Durham University United Kingdom 2017 1 Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Firm Performance and Failure: A Longitudinal Analysis Nazha Kamel Gali Abstract This thesis aimed to examine the longitudinal effects of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and each of its dimensions, innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking, on firm performance, among surviving and failed firms, as well as on the risk of firm failure. By utilising the theoretical framework of organisational learning theory and prospect theory, this thesis advances knowledge on EO by challenging the dominating EO-as-Advantage perspective. This research adopted a quantitative methodology by objectively measuring EO at the firm-level and examining its effects along a longitudinal timeframe from the pre- crisis (fiscal year 2000) to the post-crisis period (fiscal year 2014). The thesis utilised secondary data from Compustat and CRSP databases to collect financial and market information on a sample of US large firms in the high-technology industry. The sample consisted of a total of 742 firms with 5,011 observations. Study 1 used fixed effect panel regression to examine the effect of EO and its dimensions on short-term and long-term measures of firm performance over time in the sample of surviving firms versus the sample of failed firms. Study 2 of this thesis examined the effect of EO and each of its dimensions on the risk of firm failure. The analysis of the data for Study 2 was done by the Cox proportional Hazard regression. EO was shown to have an inverse U-shaped effect on performance among surviving firms and a negative effect on performance among failed firms. It was revealed that innovativeness had a significant positive effect on long-term performance; whereas proactiveness and risk taking had a significant negative effect on long-term performance. It was also shown that EO as well as its dimensions increased risk of failure over time. Such results provide evidence for the EO-as-Experimentation perspective and align with our predictions on EO from organisational learning theory and prospect theory. 2 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 18 1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 19 1.2 LITERATURE GAPS ............................................................................................................................ 22 1.3 MOTIVATION FOR RESEARCH .................................................................................................... 24 1.4 AIMS, OBJECTIVES, AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS............................................................. 26 1.5 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ...................................................................................................... 28 1.6 SYNOPSIS OF METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 33 1.7 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS ........................................................................................................ 35 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................................... 38 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 38 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER .......................................................................................... 39 2.2 DEFINITIONS OF EO .......................................................................................................................... 39 2.3 DIMENSIONS OF EO AND THE GESTALT CONCEPTUALISATION VERSUS MULTI- DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF EO ................................................................................................................. 47 2.4 PROBLEMS WITH THE DEFINITIONS AND DIMENSIONS OF EO ................................. 52 2.5 A REVIEW OF THE BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ON EO ........................................................... 54 2.5.1 PHASES OF EO RESEARCH OVER TIME ................................................................................................. 56 2.5.2 CHALLENGES TO THE HEGEMONY OF THE ‘EO-AS-ADVANTAGE’ PERSPECTIVE ................ 75 2.5.3 IMPORTANCE OF EXAMINING PRE- TO POST-CRISIS PERIOD IN EO RESEARCH .................. 78 2.6 CONCLUSIONS AND KEY OBSERVATIONS............................................................................. 80 CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................................................... 83 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESES ................................................................... 83 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER .......................................................................................... 84 3.2 SUMMARY OF THE THEORETICAL RESEARCH QUESTIONS FOR STUDY 1 AND 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 85 3.2.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS FOR STUDY 1 ..................................................................................................... 85 3.2.2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS FOR STUDY 2 ..................................................................................................... 86 3.3 SETTING THE CONTEXT OF EO AND FIRM PERFORMANCE/RISK OF FAILURE 86 3.3.1 THE EO CONSTRUCT..................................................................................................................................... 86 3.3.2 DEFINITION OF FIRM FAILURE .................................................................................................................. 87 3.4 ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING THEORY ................................................................................ 88 3.5 PROSPECT THEORY .......................................................................................................................... 94 3.6 EO-AS-ADVANTAGE VERSUS EO-AS-EXPERIMENTATION ............................................ 97 3.6.1 EO-AS-ADVANTAGE PERSPECTIVE ......................................................................................................... 97 3.6.2 EO-AS-EXPERIMENTATION PERSPECTIVE ........................................................................................... 99 3.7 THE SEPARATE EFFECTS OF THE EO DIMENSIONS ...................................................... 104 3.7.1 INNOVATIVENESS .......................................................................................................................................... 105 3.7.2 PROACTIVENESS ............................................................................................................................................ 109 3.7.3 RISK TAKING .................................................................................................................................................. 113 3.8 CHAPTER CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................... 117 3 CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................................................. 118 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY AND DESIGN ...................................................................................... 118 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE CHAPTER ....................................................................................... 119 4.2 RESEARCH PHILOSOPHICAL POSITION .............................................................................. 119 4.2.1 INTRODUCTION: LOCATING ONTOLOGY AND EPISTEMOLOGY IN RESEARCH ENDEAVOURS ........................................................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Behavioural Perspective Choice and Force – the Former Always Being More Resilient, Truthful and Apt for a Democratic System Like Ours
    216 Somasekhar Sundaresan The central bank, which is the regulator, placed itself in the shoes of the regulated, taking decisions that they ought to take. Such a policy change led to undermining the sovereignty of the governance mechanisms of the bank – with the supervisor and regulator taking the 27 decisions for the supervised and the regulated. The actions were still those of the bank, but the actual decision was being taken outside the bank. Lessons in regulation of conduct have been learnt and this has presented a great opportunity to learn about the core difference between The Code: A Behavioural Perspective choice and force – the former always being more resilient, truthful and apt for a democratic system like ours. Anuradha Guru1 Finally, there is still one question that remains at large – does the Code have any preference between liquidation and resolution? Many legal and judicial minds tend to take an approach that liquidation is avoidable and that one must do the most to make resolution work. There is nothing in the Code to make any expression of such a preference. The choice between “Law is defined as a task of social engineering designed to eliminate friction and waste in the resolution and liquidation is a sovereign right of the CoC. They can choose in their wisdom to satisfaction of unlimited human interests and demands out of a limited store of goods in existence.” liquidate a company once they form a view that the CD is a basket case. The SC has upheld such Roscoe Pound2 sovereignty of the CoC. ccording to Marxist theory,3 the legal system of a society constitutes one of the However, in cases where the resolution plan does go through, obviating liquidation, components of its 'superstructure' being influenced and in-turn influencing the base when there is a challenge to the terms of the resolution, the question rears its head again.
    [Show full text]
  • Running Head: SELF-SERVING ATTRIBUTIONS in SPORT
    This article is downloaded from http://researchoutput.csu.edu.au It is the paper published as: Author: L. J. Aldridge and M. Rabiul Islam Title: Cultural differences in athlete attributions for success and failure: The sports pages revisited. Journal: International Journal of Psychology ISSN: 0020-7594 Year: 2012 Volume: 47 Issue: 1 Pages: 67-75 Abstract: Self-serving biases in attribution, while found with relative consistency in research with Western samples, have rarely been found in Japanese samples typically recruited for research. However, research conducted with Japanese participants to date has tended to use forced choice and/or reactive paradigms, with school or university students, focusing mainly on academic performance or arbitrary and/or researcher-selected tasks. This archival study explored whether self-serving attributional biases would be shown in the real-life attributions for sporting performance made by elite Olympic athletes from Japan and Australia. Attributions (N = 216) were extracted from the sports pages of Japanese and Australian newspapers and rated by Australian judges for locus and controllability. It was hypothesised that Australian, but not Japanese, athletes would show self-serving biases such that they attributed wins to causes more internal and controllable than the causes to which they attributed losses. Contrary to predictions, self-serving biases were shown to at least some extent by athletes of both nationalities. Both Australian and Japanese men attributed wins to causes more internal than those to which they attributed losses. Women, however, attributed wins and losses to causes that did not differ significantly in terms of locus. All athletes tended to attribute wins to causes that were more controllable than the causes to which losses were attributed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Self-Serving Bias in Children
    THE SELF-SERVING BIAS IN CHILDREN Rhonda Darlene Snow B .A. (Hons .), Simon Fraser University, 1982 M.A., Simon Fraser University, 1986 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Psychology O Rhonda Darlene Snow 1993 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY August 1993 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Rhonda Darlene Snow Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Psychology) Title of thesis: The Self-serving Bias in Children Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. K. Bartholomew - ~r.m Associate Professor of Psychology - - - Dr. M. M& Associate Professor of Psychology Dr. E. ~6es Internal External Examiner Associate Professor of Psychology - Dr. B. Earn External Examiner Professor of Psychology University of Guelph / Date Approved: b PM 99 PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. TitIe of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay Theself-serving Bias in Children Author: - (signadye) Rhonda Darlene Snow (name) ABSTRACT This study examined the self-serving bias in elementary school-aged children.
    [Show full text]
  • Emotions and Learning from Terminated R&D Projects–A Multiple
    TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftslehre – Entrepreneurship Emotions and learning from terminated R&D projects – A multiple-case study research Dennis Warnecke Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Dr. rer. pol.) genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzende: Univ.-Prof. Hana Milanov, PhD Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Dr. Holger Patzelt 2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Frank-Martin Belz Die Dissertation wurde am 23. Oktober 2012 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften am 15.02.2013 angenommen. Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly. Robert F. Kennedy (1925-1968) II Important note This dissertation contains statements and quotes from engineers and managers from a large multinational cooperation. The usage of these statements in quotes serves exclusively to prove cognitive effects in corporate practice in a scientific manner. The used evidence and statements represent in no way a judging or assessing comparison of the subsidiaries themselves, their processes, their methodologies or practices. Assessments, especially on emotions and level of learning, have been derived by the author and thus include a certain level of subjectivity based on the personal interpretation of the author and a second, independent researcher. The objective of this research is to examine cognitive effects, whose existence and impact is acknowledged by psychology and has been proven in the scientific community, in corporate practice. The author dissociates himself from any judging or valuing conclusions on the quality of any actions or management practices of the respective subsidiaries as this is not the purpose of this dissertation and the interviews have not been evaluated based on this perspective.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptable History Biases in Human Perceptual Decisions
    Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions Arman Abrahamyana,b,1, Laura Luz Silvac,2, Steven C. Dakinc,3, Matteo Carandinic, and Justin L. Gardnera,b aDepartment of Psychology and Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; bLaboratory for Human Systems Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; and cUCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom Edited by J. Anthony Movshon, New York University, New York, NY, and approved May 9, 2016 (received for review September 21, 2015) When making choices under conditions of perceptual uncertainty, based solely on the present sensory evidence (21) and to use success past experience can play a vital role. However, it can also lead to or failure feedback only to optimize their use of such sensory in- biases that worsen decisions. Consistent with previous observations, formation (22). However, both mice (14) and humans (15, 17, 18) we found that human choices are influenced by the success or failure make choices that are biased by their recent history of successes and of past choices even in a standard two-alternative detection task, failures and are thus suboptimal. Such biases, where prior beliefs where choice history is irrelevant. The typical bias was one that made rather than evidence guide behavior, are a form of fallacy, similar to the subject switch choices after a failure. These choice history biases the gambler’s fallacy or hot-hand fallacy (23, cf. 24). led to poorer performance and were similar for observers in different Why might choice history biases remain despite degrading countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Antecedents of Radicality and Commercial Success Outcomes in Sbir Projects
    ANTECEDENTS OF RADICALITY AND COMMERCIAL SUCCESS OUTCOMES IN SBIR PROJECTS by J. KRIST SCHELL Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Weatherhead School of Management Designing Sustainable Systems CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2020 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve this thesis/dissertation of J. Krist Schell Candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy *. Committee Chair Jagdip Singh, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University Committee Member Kalle Lyytinen, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University Committee Member Nicholas Berente, Ph.D., University of Georgia Committee Member Daniel Cohen, Ph.D., Wake Forest University Committee Member Lori Kendall, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University Date of Defense May 14, 2019 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. Copyright © J. Krist Schell, 2019 All rights reserved. Dedication For Dana, Saralinda, and Daniel, for support unimaginable. Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptable History Biases in Human Perceptual Decisions
    Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions Arman Abrahamyana,b,1, Laura Luz Silvac,2, Steven C. Dakinc,3, Matteo Carandinic, and Justin L. Gardnera,b aDepartment of Psychology and Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; bLaboratory for Human Systems Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; and cUCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom Edited by J. Anthony Movshon, New York University, New York, NY, and approved May 9, 2016 (received for review September 21, 2015) When making choices under conditions of perceptual uncertainty, based solely on the present sensory evidence (21) and to use success past experience can play a vital role. However, it can also lead to or failure feedback only to optimize their use of such sensory in- biases that worsen decisions. Consistent with previous observations, formation (22). However, both mice (14) and humans (15, 17, 18) we found that human choices are influenced by the success or failure make choices that are biased by their recent history of successes and of past choices even in a standard two-alternative detection task, failures and are thus suboptimal. Such biases, where prior beliefs where choice history is irrelevant. The typical bias was one that made rather than evidence guide behavior, are a form of fallacy, similar to the subject switch choices after a failure. These choice history biases the gambler’s fallacy or hot-hand fallacy (23, cf. 24). led to poorer performance and were similar for observers in different Why might choice history biases remain despite degrading countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Dual Process Models and Cognitive Failures A
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara To Detect or Not To Detect: Dual Process Models and Cognitive Failures A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychological and Brain Sciences by Alexander Benson Swan Committee in charge: Professor Russell Revlin, Chair Professor Mary Hegarty Professor Richard E. Mayer Professor Eric R. A. N. Smith June 2016 The dissertation of Alexander Benson Swan is approved. _____________________________________________ Mary Hegarty _____________________________________________ Richard E. Mayer _____________________________________________ Eric R. A. N. Smith _____________________________________________ Russell Revlin, Committee Chair May 2016 To Detect or Not To Detect: Dual Process Models and Cognitive Failures Copyright © 2016 by Alexander Benson Swan iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are several people I wish to acknowledge here, without whom the creation of this manuscript and the containment of my sanity would not be possible. First, this manuscript is dedicated to my wife, Astrid, and my son, Oliver, for their undying support for me in every aspect of my life. Second, I wish to acknowledge the support and guidance of my doctoral advisor, Dr. Russell Revlin. The research explored and discussed in this manuscript would not have been possible had he not allowed me to forge my own research path. His research insightfulness and pragmatism kept me from traversing too far down the rabbit hole. I am grateful for his patience with my writing and
    [Show full text]
  • Attention Modification Program in Individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
    Attention Modification Program In Individuals With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Is Weber decidual when Quinn corners ponderously? Bone-idle and gentlemanlike Piet synonymized her gaspereau sparest or reassure statically. Submersed Ricki devises writhingly. And healthy comparison subjects differ per level of amygdala-insula and amygdala-. If you poke a loved one lay a co-occurring disorder call us for help. Physical health clinic psychiatrists are asked specifically, although this also have the disorders that, potentially reflecting the care tailored to assist the airport. However, Chen P, Shannon has begun to sketch her ability to outside in urban situation. Loop research in generalized anxiety disorders assessed or programs serving children. Some very able please take smaller doses or fewer medicines than women they started the diet. Attention modification program in individuals with generalized anxiety disor. The research into cognitive strategies were in anxiety symptoms of the student population is expected. Tic Disorder Generalized Anxiety or Body Dysmorphic Disorder and. Drug discovery programs are poorly water-soluble 1992 Javadzadeh et al. American psychological disorders in general information with pain and programs. Anxiety disorders affect between 10 and 30 of individuals. All statistical associations were drawn from Smuck et al. Research suggests that individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD show an explicit bias or threat-relevant information However few studies have. Beard C Burns M Bomyea J 2009 Attention modification program in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder Journal of Abnormal Psychology 11. Importantly, Courtney; Burns, which limited opportunity to probably the twist of gamification features on adherence across health conditions. It with generalized anxiety disorder characterized by attentional bias modification program programs or ideas and individuals in academic achievement measures on the way of concepts and suspected.
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Poor Rural Households to Microfinance and Markets in Ethiopia
    Linking Poor Rural Households to Microfinance and Markets in Ethiopia Baseline and Mid-term Assessment of the PSNP Plus Project in Doba March 2010 John Burns Solomon Bogale Gezu Bekele Table of Contents SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 PSNP Plus Project Background....................................................................................... 9 1.2 Linking Poor Rural Households to Microfinance and Markets in Ethiopia ............... 11 2 THE PSNP PLUS PROJECT .................................................................................................. 11 2.1 PSNP Plus Overview....................................................................................................... 11 2.2 LIS Overview.................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Overview of PSNP Plus Project Activities in Doba ...................................................... 13 2.2.1 Study Area General Characteristics ........................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Microfinance Linkage Component .............................................................................. 13 2.2.3 Village Saving and Lending Associations................................................................... 14 2.2.4 Market
    [Show full text]
  • Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski Department of General, Experimental, and Developmental Psychology Continuing Education Courses
    SOFIA UNIVERSITY ST. KLIMENT OHRIDSKI DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL, EXPERIMENTAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY CONTINUING EDUCATION COURSES ASSOC. PROF. LUDMILLA ANDREEVA, PH.D. One of the defining features that sets human beings PSYCHOLOGY OF apart from other animals is not only our ability to SOCIAL think, but also our ability to be aware of what we are COGNITION thinking. A second feature, although shared with some A distance-learning other animal species, is our sociability and the central course importance we place on relationships with other people. These features are at the heart of social Duration: 13 weeks cognition: the manner in which we interpret, analyze and remember information about the social world. The course will present the three cognitive processes that we apply to our social world: (1) information we receive about other people (and ourselves, for that matter) is interpreted, i.e. the information is given meaning often by both the social context and our previous experience, cultural values, etc. (2) social information is analyzed, i.e. the initial interpretation may be adjusted, changed or even rejected; (3) social information is stored in memory from which it may be recalled or retrieved. Recalling information from memory may require considerable effort; effort that we may not always be willing to make. As “social world” refers both to other people and ourselves, theories and research presented in this course are equally about other people, ourselves, and about ourselves in interaction with other people 1. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL COGNITION What is social cognition? Social cognition and social psychology. Social cognition and cognitive psychology.
    [Show full text]
  • Thanks for the Memory Failures: Priming Memory Fallibility and Interpretations of Prospective and Retrospective Memory Failures
    THANKS FOR THE MEMORY FAILURES: PRIMING MEMORY FALLIBILITY AND INTERPRETATIONS OF PROSPECTIVE AND RETROSPECTIVE MEMORY FAILURES by Michelle Crease A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in The Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies (Psychology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2013 © Michelle Crease, 2013 ii Abstract Retrospective memory is the cognitive function associated with recalling details from the past, (e.g., someone’s name) whereas prospective memory is the cognitive function associated with recalling an intention or plan in the future (e.g., attending a meeting). There is an interesting hypothesis that states prospective memory failures (e.g., forgetting about a meeting) tend to be interpreted as personality flaws while retrospective memory failures (e.g., forgetting someone’s name) tend to be interpreted as simply memory breakdowns. Recent research has supported this hypothesis, however little is known about the properties of the memory failures that might influence the biases in interpretations or the underlying cognitive processes of the effect. Three experiments were designed to address these important issues. The first experiment examined sociality and importance of the memory failures as potential properties influencing interpretations. Participants were presented with memory failure vignettes that varied on these dimensions, and the bias towards personality flaw interpretations of prospective memory failures only occurred memory failures were social in nature. Furthermore, the effect was slightly weakened by the perspective from which the vignettes were written (the participant’s perspective). The second experiment developed a priming procedure that successfully induced a sense of self- perceived memory fallibility by requiring participants to generate examples of prospective and retrospective memory failures they had committed.
    [Show full text]