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Antecedents of Radicality and Commercial Success Outcomes in Sbir Projects

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Antecedents of Radicality and Commercial Success Outcomes in Sbir Projects ANTECEDENTS OF RADICALITY AND COMMERCIAL SUCCESS OUTCOMES IN SBIR PROJECTS by J. KRIST SCHELL Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Weatherhead School of Management Designing Sustainable Systems CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2020 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve this thesis/dissertation of J. Krist Schell Candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy *. Committee Chair Jagdip Singh, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University Committee Member Kalle Lyytinen, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University Committee Member Nicholas Berente, Ph.D., University of Georgia Committee Member Daniel Cohen, Ph.D., Wake Forest University Committee Member Lori Kendall, Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University Date of Defense May 14, 2019 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. Copyright © J. Krist Schell, 2019 All rights reserved. Dedication For Dana, Saralinda, and Daniel, for support unimaginable. Table of Contents List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 Study Context and Contribution ....................................................................................3 Research Question .........................................................................................................6 Theoretical Background .................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................... 11 Construct Definitions ...................................................................................................15 Conceptual Model ........................................................................................................22 Hypotheses ...................................................................................................................26 CHAPTER 3: METHODS ................................................................................................ 37 SBIR Database .............................................................................................................37 Demographic Comparison ...........................................................................................38 Preliminary Data Analysis ...........................................................................................39 Data Analyses Strategies..............................................................................................41 Measures ......................................................................................................................41 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS .................................................................................................. 43 Hypotheses Results and Analyses ................................................................................45 Mediation Relationships ..............................................................................................50 Interaction Effects ........................................................................................................56 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION ............................................................................................ 59 Contributions................................................................................................................61 Implications for Strategy Policy ..................................................................................66 Implications for Innovation Development ...................................................................69 Implications for Public Policy Investment ...................................................................70 Study Limitations .........................................................................................................70 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................73 Appendix A: Literature Review and Analyses ................................................................ 75 Appendix B: Measurement Definition Table ................................................................... 84 Appendix C: Literature Review Article Subject Aggregation ......................................... 91 Appendix D: Demographic Comparisons ........................................................................ 94 v Appendix E: IV Cohort EFA Analyses ............................................................................ 96 Appendix F: IV Cohort Validity Analyses ...................................................................... 97 Appendix G: IV CFA Analyses ....................................................................................... 98 Appendix H: IV Cohort CFA Model Fit Analyses .......................................................... 99 Appendix I: IV Cohort Common Method Bias Analyses .............................................. 100 Appendix J: DV Cohort EFA Analyses ......................................................................... 101 Appendix K: DV Validity Measurement ....................................................................... 102 Appendix L: DV Cohort CFA Analyses ........................................................................ 103 Appendix M: DV Cohort CFA Model Fit Analyses ...................................................... 104 Appendix N: DV Cohort Common Method Bias Analysis ........................................... 105 Appendix O: Skewness and Kurtosis: All DV and IV Cohort Data .............................. 106 Appendix P: Skewness and Kurtosis: All Matched Pair Cohort Data ........................... 107 Appendix Q: Conceptual Model .................................................................................... 108 Appendix R: Bayesian Analyses Methodology ............................................................. 109 Appendix S: Proposed Mediation Analyses .................................................................. 114 References ....................................................................................................................... 118 vi List of Tables Table 1. Independence Test Results for Demographic Effects upon Matched/ Unmatched Respondent Cohort Inclusion .......................................................... 39 Table 2. Hypotheses Results ............................................................................................. 44 Table 3. Mediation Test Results ....................................................................................... 45 Table 4. Comparison of Variable Directional Effects ...................................................... 60 Table D1. Respondent Proximity to Major Client for Project vs. Respondent Presence in Matching/Nonmatching Response Cohort ...................................... 94 Table D2. No. of Personnel in Firm When Grant Awarded vs. Respondent Presence in Matching/Nonmatching Response Cohort* .................................... 94 Table D3. SBIR Grant Issuing US Gov. Dept. vs. Respondent Presence in Matching/Nonmatching Response Cohort* ....................................................... 94 Table D4. Respondent Region vs. Respondent Presence in Matching/Nonmatching ...... 95 Table D5. SBIR Award Size vs. Respondent Presence in Matching/Nonmatching ......... 95 Table R1. Bayesian EFA Analysis.................................................................................. 110 Table R2. Hypotheses Testing and Goodness of Fit Measures ...................................... 111 Table R3. Moderation and Mediation Analyses ............................................................. 112 Table R4. Mediating Effect Hypotheses Summary ........................................................ 113 vii List of Figures Figure 1. Conceptual Model and Path Results .................................................................. 22 Figure 2. Interaction Effect of Planning on the Relationship between Experimentation and Radicality ......................................................................... 58 Figure 3. Interaction Effect of Planning on the Relationship between Experimentation and Commercial Success ........................................................ 58 viii Acknowledgments This dissertation journey has succeeded because of unrelenting, patient support from many special people. I am indebted to the entire Doctor of Management group— Kalle Lyytinen, Sue Nartker, Alexis Antes, and especially Marilyn Chorman—for fielding the unique challenges this project presented. James Gaskin and Nick Berente continually offered insight and guidance that could never have been found elsewhere. Jagdip Singh understood from the beginning the balance between thinking creatively and acting practically. At all times, he created a space where I was able to apply his lessons but also precipitated further understanding—a rare talent in any instructor. Lori Kendall and Dan Cohen were continual sources of inspiration at the most
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