DOCSLIB.ORG

LANGUAGE in INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 10 : 1 January 2010 ISSN 1930-2940

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LANGUAGE in INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 10 : 1 January 2010 ISSN 1930-2940 LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Volume 10 : 1 January 2010 ISSN 1930-2940 Managing Editor: M. S. Thirumalai, Ph.D. Editors: B. Mallikarjun, Ph.D. Sam Mohanlal, Ph.D. B. A. Sharada, Ph.D. A. R. Fatihi, Ph.D. Lakhan Gusain, Ph.D. K. Karunakaran, Ph.D. Jennifer Marie Bayer, Ph.D. Linguistic Purism and Language Planning in a Multilingual Context Tamil in Pondicherry L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Language in India www.languageinindia.com 1 10 : 1 January 2010 L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Linguistic Purism and Language Planning in a Multilingual Context: Tamil in Pondicherry Contents Preface Chapter 1 A Study of Language Use in Pondicherry Chapter 2 Linguistic Landscape Tokens in Pondicherry Chapter 3 European Impact and Paradigm Shift in Tamil Development Chapter 4 Multilingualism and Second Language Acquisition/Learning in Pondicherry Chapter 5 Puristic Idiom: The Case of Tamil Chapter 6 The Ideology Behind Tamil Purism Chapter 7 Attitudes towards Tamil Purism: An Evaluation Chapter 8 The Notion of Tamil Development in Pondicherry - Theory and Practice Chapter 9 Futuristic Planning & Values of Tamil Language in Cyber Space References Language in India www.languageinindia.com 2 10 : 1 January 2010 L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Linguistic Purism and Language Planning in a Multilingual Context: Tamil in Pondicherry Preface Tamil is a dynamic living language with ancient heritage and moorings. Continuously spoken and written for over 2000 years, Tamil offers many interesting dimensions for us to investigate. Arguments in favor of some form of linguistic purism to maintain the distinctive characteristic of Tamil have their roots in an ancient grammar, possibly written two-thousand years ago. That the same tendency comes up with great vigor in modern times is amazing, and deserves a deep study in conjunction with sociological, political, cultural and even economic factors. In this monograph I undertake this study of linguistic purism in a multilingual context, drawing materials from the Union Territory of Pondicherry, where the majority of the people speak Tamil as their first language. Pondicherry was a colony of the French, and had been ceded to the Indian Union by the French in 1962. This Union Territory has three enclaves: the Tamil enclave surrounded by Tamilnadu, a Malayalam enclave surrounded by Kerala, where Malayalam is the dominant language, and a Telugu enclave surrounded by Andhra Pradesh, where Telugu is the dominant language. In addition, because of Aurobindo cultus, a good number of Bengalis find their residence in Pondicherry. In addition, since joining the Indian Union, a good number of the speakers of the Indo-Aryan family of languages have arrived to pursue their business and other interests. Again, modern New Age Movement followers from Europe and America make Pondicherry their destination for spiritual and corporate living in Auroville. Language planning becomes, then, very complex. Added to this mix is the demand and insistence on pursuing linguistic purism in so far as Tamil is concerned. When Hindi and other Indian languages seek their renewal and enrichment deleting commonly used Urdu-Persian- Arabic words and constructions, and drawing heavily from Sanskrit sources, Tamil, another classical language of India, with continuity as its important distinguishing mark, seeks to strengthen and enlarge its domains of use drawing from its own ancient sources, etc. This book is part of my continuing research interests relating to sociological, political and linguistic processes in Indian languages. I do hope that the readers will find this book interesting and useful to understand the linguistic undercurrents in India. My grateful thanks are due to the editors of Language in India www.languageinindia.com, who have kindly provided me with this opportunity to publish my thoughts and concerns. L. Ramamoorthy Language in India www.languageinindia.com 3 10 : 1 January 2010 L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Linguistic Purism and Language Planning in a Multilingual Context: Tamil in Pondicherry L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Department of Asian Languages and Culture University of Michigan 202 South Thayer Street, Suite #5026 Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1608 USA [email protected] Language in India www.languageinindia.com 4 10 : 1 January 2010 L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Linguistic Purism and Language Planning in a Multilingual Context: Tamil in Pondicherry Chapter 1 A Study of Language Use in Pondicherry Introduction Multilingualism in India is seen as a normal and natural phenomenon. The existence and use of multilingualism is recorded in ancient Sanskrit and Tamil texts, and throughout the recorded history. In modern times, multilingualism has been closely associated with political activities as well. Multilingualism in modern Indian society has received pointed attention in many research studies, for example, by Pandit (1972) Southworth and Apte (1974), Kachru (1978), Srivastava (1980), Shapiro and Sachiffiman (1981), Pattanayak (1981), Khjubchandani (1983) and Annamalai (1986). Even as India is a multilingual nation, the Indian States or provinces that constitute India are also equally multilingual. Each State within India has a dominant regional language, but within every State there are around 20% of the total population of that State speak one or more minority languages (Khubchandani 1972). People in India perceive multilingualism differently from people in Western countries. The Indian perception of multilingualism is well characterised by Pattanayak 1984 in the following words: The dominant monolingual orientation is cultivated in the developed world and consequently two languages are considered a nuisance, three languages uneconomic and many languages absurd. In multilingual countries, many languages are facts of life; and restriction in the choice of language use is a nuisance, and one language is not only uneconomic, it is absurd (Pattanayak 1984:82). According to Southworth (1980:79), multilingualism is an integral part of every social segment of life, which many Indians adjust at a very early stage. He argues that different languages, dialects and “sharply distinct styles of speech are complementarily distributed in the speech of individuals and groups … [This] minimizes their competition with each other.” The presence of diversity with tolerance as well as respect for the same leads to regular inter-lineages between different groups which produce a change in the pattern of communication and also aids the informal learning of languages from the environment (Srivastava, 1980: 92). Pondicherry – Geographical Spread Language in India www.languageinindia.com 5 10 : 1 January 2010 L. Ramamoorthy, Ph.D. Linguistic Purism and Language Planning in a Multilingual Context: Tamil in Pondicherry The Union territory of Pondicherry comprises of four erstwhile French colony, namely, Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam. Pondicherry and Karaikal regions are embedded in South Arcot and Thanjavur Districts of Tamilnadu respectively. Yanam is a small area encircled by the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. Mahe is enclaved within the the Kannur and Kozhikode districts in Kerala. Of these segments, the total area of Pondicherry alone is 293 sq.km. with a total population of 608388 (Census of Indian 1991). (The 2001 Census is not available for Pondicherry. It appears that for some natural disaster reason, this data may never be made available. In any case, a better and clearer picture will soon be worked out through the ensuing 2011 Census.) The Pondicherry district is not a contiguous area. It is inter spread within the South Arcot District of Tamilnadu. It is divided into one municipality and 6 communes, having 69 revenue villages. Language Composition of Pondicherry The territory has a very interesting language composition. An important feature of the 1961 Census was that as many as 55 Indian and foreign languages were returned as the mother tongues of the people in this small territory. Apart from all the 18 official languages recognised by the Indian constitution, languages or dialects such as Bhojpuri, Coorgi (Kodava), Gorkhali, Konkaru, Mawari, Parsi and European languages such as French, Portuguese, Irish, Polish and German also were recorded as the mother tongues of the population. Among other reasons such diversity may have been due to three distinct linguistic areas. For example, Yanam is surrounded by Andhra Pradesh where Telugu is the dominant language, Mahe is surrounded by Kerala where Malayalam is the dominant language, and Pondicherry and Karaikal are surrounded by Tamilnadu where the dominant language is Tamil. The fact that several languages are spoken in the area, which comprises the Union Territory, has another historical explanation. South India witnessed waves of immigrants of various races and castes for several centuries. Because of Pondicherry‟s long and close relation with Chandernagore in Bengal (a French Territory under colonial rule), and the existence of Sri Aurobindo Ashram, a good number of communities from the north and eastern states of India at different periods, such as Bengalis, have settled down in Pondicherry. The close association of Pondicherry with the Maratha and Muslim rulers since 17th century introduced Urdu and Marathi into the territory. The Auroville and International City established by the devotees of “Mother” attracted many foreigners. Official Language of Pondicherry Pondicherry Official Language Act is also peculiar in its provisions: five languages, namely, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, English
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Lost in Translation”: a Study of the History of Sri Lankan Literature
    Karunakaran / Lost in Translation “Lost in Translation”: A Study of the History of Sri Lankan Literature Shamila Karunakaran Abstract This paper provides an overview of the history of Sri Lankan literature from the ancient texts of the precolonial era to the English translations of postcolonial literature in the modern era. Sri Lanka’s book history is a cultural record of texts that contains “cultural heritage and incorporates everything that has survived” (Chodorow, 2006); however, Tamil language works are written with specifc words, ideas, and concepts that are unique to Sri Lankan culture and are “lost in translation” when conveyed in English. Keywords book history, translation iJournal - Journal Vol. 4 No. 1, Fall 2018 22 Karunakaran / Lost in Translation INTRODUCTION The phrase “lost in translation” refers to when the translation of a word or phrase does not convey its true or complete meaning due to various factors. This is a common problem when translating non-Western texts for North American and British readership, especially those written in non-Roman scripts. Literature and texts are tangible symbols, containing signifed cultural meaning, and they represent varying aspects of an existing international ethnic, social, or linguistic culture or group. Chodorow (2006) likens it to a cultural record of sorts, which he defnes as an object that “contains cultural heritage and incorporates everything that has survived” (pg. 373). In particular, those written in South Asian indigenous languages such as Tamil, Sanskrit, Urdu, Sinhalese are written with specifc words, ideas, and concepts that are unique to specifc culture[s] and cannot be properly conveyed in English translations.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition
    Tacit Tirukku#a#: Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Smith, Jason William. 2020. Tacit Tirukku#a#: Religion, Ethics, and Poetics in a Tamil Literary Tradition. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard Divinity School. Citable link https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37364524 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use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
    [Show full text]
  • Trichirapalli.Pdf
    Contents TITLE Page No. Message by Member Secretary, State Planning Commission i Preface by the District Collector iii Acknowledgement v List of Boxes vii List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Chapters 1. DistrictProfile 1 2. Status of Human Development 11 3. Employment, Income and Poverty 29 4. Demography, Health and Nutrition 45 5. Literacy and Education 75 6. Gender 105 7. Social Security 113 8. Infrastructure 123 9. Summary and Way Forward 133 Annexures Technical Notes A20 Abbreviations A27 References A29 TIRUCHIRAPPALI DISTRICT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 District Administration, Tiruchirappali and State Planning Commission, Tamil Nadu in association with Bharathidasan University Contents TITLE Page No. Message by Member Secretary, State Planning Commission i Preface by the District Collector iii Acknowledgement v List of Boxes vii List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Chapters 1. DistrictProfile 1 2. Status of Human Development 11 3. Employment, Income and Poverty 29 4. Demography, Health and Nutrition 45 5. Literacy and Education 75 6. Gender 105 7. Social Security 113 8. Infrastructure 123 9. Summary and Way Forward 133 Annexures Technical Notes A20 Abbreviations A27 References A29 Dr. K.S.Palanisamy,I.A.S., Office : 0431-2415358 District Collector, Fax : 0431-2411929 Tiruchirappalli. Res : 0431-2420681 0431-2420181 Preface India has the potential to achieve and the means to secure a reasonable standard of living for all the sections of its population. Though the economy touched the nine per cent growth rate during the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12), there are socio-economically disadvantaged people who are yet to benefit from this growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical and Modern Standard Arabic Marijn Van Putten University of Leiden
    Chapter 3 Classical and Modern Standard Arabic Marijn van Putten University of Leiden The highly archaic Classical Arabic language and its modern iteration Modern Standard Arabic must to a large extent be seen as highly artificial archaizing reg- isters that are the High variety of a diglossic situation. The contact phenomena found in Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic are therefore often the re- sult of imposition. Cases of borrowing are significantly rarer, and mainly found in the lexical sphere of the language. 1 Current state and historical development Classical Arabic (CA) is the highly archaic variety of Arabic that, after its cod- ification by the Arab Grammarians around the beginning of the ninth century, becomes the most dominant written register of Arabic. While forms of Middle Arabic, a style somewhat intermediate between CA and spoken dialects, gain some traction in the Middle Ages, CA remains the most important written regis- ter for official, religious and scientific purposes. From the moment of CA’s rise to dominance as a written language, the whole of the Arabic-speaking world can be thought of as having transitioned into a state of diglossia (Ferguson 1959; 1996), where CA takes up the High register and the spoken dialects the Low register.1 Representation in writing of these spoken dia- lects is (almost) completely absent in the written record for much of the Middle Ages. Eventually, CA came to be largely replaced for administrative purposes by Ottoman Turkish, and at the beginning of the nineteenth century, it was function- ally limited to religious domains (Glaß 2011: 836).
    [Show full text]
  • GRAMMAR of OLD TAMIL for STUDENTS 1 St Edition Eva Wilden
    GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1 st Edition Eva Wilden To cite this version: Eva Wilden. GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1 st Edition. Eva Wilden. Institut français de Pondichéry; École française d’Extrême-Orient, 137, 2018, Collection Indologie. halshs- 01892342v2 HAL Id: halshs-01892342 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01892342v2 Submitted on 24 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1st Edition L’Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), UMIFRE 21 CNRS-MAE, est un établissement à autonomie financière sous la double tutelle du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (MAE) et du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Il est partie intégrante du réseau des 27 centres de recherche de ce Ministère. Avec le Centre de Sciences Humaines (CSH) à New Delhi, il forme l’USR 3330 du CNRS « Savoirs et Mondes Indiens ». Il remplit des missions de recherche, d’expertise et de formation en Sciences Humaines et Sociales et en Écologie dans le Sud et le Sud- est asiatiques. Il s’intéresse particulièrement aux savoirs et patrimoines culturels indiens (langue et littérature sanskrites, histoire des religions, études tamoules…), aux dynamiques sociales contemporaines, et aux ecosystèmes naturels de l’Inde du Sud.
    [Show full text]
  • Language, Ideology and Politics in Croatia
    Language, Ideology and Politics in Croatia M at e k a p o v i ć University of Zagreb, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ivana Lučića 3, HR – 10 000 Zagreb, [email protected] SCN IV/2 [2011], 45–56 Izhajajoč deloma iz osnovnih tez svoje pred kratkim izšle knjige Čiji je jezik (Čigav je jezik?) avtor podaja pregled zapletenega odnosa med jezikom, ideologijo in politiko na Hrvaškem v preteklih dveh desetletjih, vključno z novimi primeri in razčlembami. Razprava se osredotoča na vprašanja, povezana s Hrvaško, ki so lahko zanimiva za tuje slaviste in jezikoslovce, medtem ko se knjiga (v hrvaščini) ukvarja s problemi jezika, politike, ideologije in družbenega jeziko- slovja na splošno. Based in part on his recent book Čiji je jezik? (Who does Language Belong to?), the author reviews the intricate relation of language, ideology, and politics in Croatia in the last 20 years, including new examples and analyses. The article emphasizes problems related to Croatia specifically, which might be of interest to foreign Slavists and linguists, while the monograph (in Croatian) deals with the prob- lems of language, society, politics, ideology, and sociolinguistics in general. Ključne besede: jezikovna politika, jezikovno načrtovanje, purizem, hrvaški jezik, jezik v nekdanji Jugoslaviji Key words: language politics, language planning, purism, Croatian language, language in former Yugoslavia Introduction1 The aim of this article is to provide a general and brief overview of some problems concerning the intricate relation of language, ideology, and politics in Croatia in the last 20 years. The bulk of the article consists of some of the 1 I would like to thank Marko Kapović for reading the first draft of the article carefully.
    [Show full text]
  • Usage of Urdu As the Language of Elitism Among the Muslims of the Northern and the Deccan Parts of India: a Socio-Cultural Review
    Middle Eastern Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences (MEJRESS) Website: http://bcsdjournals.com/index.php/mejrhss ISSN 2709-0140 (Print) and ISSN 2709-152X (Online) Vol.1, Issue 2, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47631/mejress.v1i2.28 Usage of Urdu as the Language of Elitism among the Muslims of the Northern and the Deccan parts of India: A Socio-Cultural Review Arshi Siddiqui, 1 Ismail Siddiqui 2 1 PhD, Barkatullah University, Bhopal (M.P), India. 2 Integrated Masters, Development Studies, IIT Madras, Chennai, (T.N), India Abstract Article Info Purpose: The paper examines how Urdu evolved from the language of the Article history: rulers to the lingua franca of Muslims in the modern times. The paper Received: 02 September 2020 attempts to highlight how Urdu is still being used as an identity marker for Revised: 08 October 2020 Muslims with respect to the other communities and is a source of Accepted: 18 October 2020 ascendancy, an achieved elitist status within the Muslims of the North and Deccan. Keywords: Approach/Methodology/Design: Socio-cultural analysis. Findings: The usage of Urdu as a political instrument by the Muslim Sociolinguistics, League and the cultural influence the language has exerted on the Muslim Urdu, community led to its usage as a source of elitism within the community in the South Asia, modern times. The analysis indicates that there is harking back to the highly Indian Muslims, Persianised, nastaliq form of Urdu, which was manifested in its literature in Elitism the twentieth century as the pure, hegemonic and the aspired language, true to the identity of the community.
    [Show full text]
  • Values in Leadership in the Tamil Tradition of Tirukkural Vs. Present-Day Leadership Theories
    International Management Review Vol. 3 No. 1 2007 Values in Leadership in the Tamil Tradition of Tirukkural Vs. Present-day Leadership Theories Anand Amaladass Satya Nilayam Research Institute, Chennai, South India [Abstract] It is useful to keep in mind the present-day discussion on leadership theories from the Western traditions before looking at an ancient Indian text from a leadership perspective. The purpose is not to seek parallels, but to juxtapose them. In this way the reader will evocatively perceives the underlying value system found in the Indian text discussed here. Obviously, historical contexts and present day worldviews are different. But wisdom embedded in ancient Indian tradition has perennial values that transcends time and space; is applicable to every period of history and has cross-cultural appeal. The research shall briefly sum up what “leadership” means in today’s management sectors. The theme of the paper is ‘Values in Leadership.’ This presentation will be based on this ancient Tamil text Tirukkural, which discusses administration and management by a ruler in his country. [Keywords] Leadership; Tamil tradition; Tirukkural; administration; management; Indian ruler Introduction Western traditions concept of Leadership has a history of development (Bernard M. Bass). In the early days, prophets, priests, chiefs, and kings were models of leadership. The Greek concepts of leadership were illustrated by the heroes in Homer’s epic Iliad. The qualities admired by the Greeks are justice and judgment (Agamemnon), wisdom and council (Hector), shrewdness and cunning (Odysseus), valor and activism (Achilles). Philosophers like Plato looked for an ideal leader to rule the State with order and reason.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistic Purism and Language Criticism in German
    3 3.1 Horst Schwinn Linguistic purism and language criticism in German Translation: Yohanna Mebrahtu/Ruth Möhlig-Falke Abstract. Linguistic purism is a form of language criticism. Its primary Keywords objective is to ‘keep the language pure’. Keeping the language pure first linguistic purism, of all refers to the rejection of foreign-language influences, especially in pure language, lexis, but attempts to develop a norm as well as the advancement of a standard language, standard or national language are also part of linguistic purism. Linguis- national language, tic purism can be promoted by individuals as well as by institutions. First foreign-language attempts at trying to keep the German language pure date back to lan- criticism guage societies in the 17th century. From a diachronic perspective, pur- ism has focused on different aspects of language and its usage. What all puristic efforts have in common is that they are usually linked to a rise in national sentiment. Despite institutional efforts – and contrary to other languages – purism is not part of the German language policy and thus not government-controlled. General Linguistic purism is an essential form of language criticism and is some- times referred to as linguistic purification. It opposes everything foreign in the German language, be it foreign words, loan words or violations of standard-compliant uses that stand in the way of the ‘purity’ of the lan- guage. One may distinguish critique of language use when language users are criticised, and critique of language structure when the alleged inade- quacies of linguistic forms and structures are criticised. Language-purist- ic actions are usually triggered by the emergence of a national sentiment or national consciousness.
    [Show full text]
  • English 710-882
    AN ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON KANIYAN KOOTHU Aaron J. Paige This paper will analyze some of the strategies by which Kaniyans, a minority com- munity from the Southern districts of Tamil Nadu, use music as a vehicle to negoti- ate, reconcile, and understand social, cultural, and economic change. Kaniyan Koothu performances are generally commissioned for kodai festivals, during which Kaniyans sing lengthy ballads. These stories vary locally from village to village and recount the adventures, exploits, and virtues of gods and goddesses specific to the area and community in which they are worshipped. While these narratives are en- tertaining in their own right, they also serve as springboards for subjective compari- son and interpretation. Kaniyans thus, transform mythological legends into modern social commentary. In a world perceived to be growing increasingly complicated by globalization and modernization, these folk musicians openly voice in performance both their concern for the loss of traditional values and their trepidation that Tamil culture, tamizh panpaadu – particularly village culture, gramiya panpaadu – are gradually being displaced by foreign principles, products, and technologies. In con- tradistinction to this conservative rhetoric, the Kaniyans, in recent years, have made major reformations to their own musical practice. Using specific textual examples, the first part of this paper will look at the ways in which musicians’ semi-improvised narratives foster solidarity under the rubric of a shared Tamil language and cultural identity. The second part of this paper, by way of musical examples, will attempt to illuminate how these same musicians are engaged in redefining and reformulating their musical tradition through the appropriation and integration of rhythmic models characteristic of Carnatic drumming.
    [Show full text]
  • Inner Meaning of Human History.Pmd
    THE INNER MEANING OF HUMAN HISTORY Collected works of Dr. Justice S. Maharajan Compiled and Published by: M.Chidambaram First Edition, 2012 © M.Chidambaram All Rights Reserved Price: Rs. 450 The cost of publishing this book is borne by the grand children of Justice. S.Maharajan. The proceeds from the sale of this book will go to charitable organizations. Cover Design: Ramkumar M Typeset by : Fairy Lass M Printed at : Books available at: Kalaignan Pathippagam 10, Kannadasan Salai, T.Nagar, Chennai 600 017 044-24345641 Published by : M.Chidambaram 31- Vijayaragava Road, T. Nagar, Chennai 600 017 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENT Foreword . 5 1. The Inner Meaning of Human History as Disclosing the One Increasing Purpose that runs through the Ages . 15 2. The Culture of Tamils . 51 3. Tiruvalluvar . 73 4. Kamban . 201 5. Tirumoolar and the Eighteen Siddhas . 327 6. Saint Arunagiri Nathar, The Mystic . 347 7. T.K.C. The Man of letters . 355 8. Rajaji’s Contribution to Tamil Prose . 361 9. Prof. A. Srinivasa Raghavan - as a Critic . 371 10. Thondaman – A Great Literary Force . 377 11. Some Problems of Shakespeare Translation into Tamil. 383 3 12. Some Problems of Law Translation into the Indian languages . 403 13. Administration of Franco- Indian Laws - Some Glimpses. 415 14. The English and the French Systems of Jurisprudence . 447 15. Address At The Conference Of District Judges and District Magistrates . 457 16. Reflections of a Retired Judge . 471 17. The High-Brow . 481 18. My experience in inter-faith dialogue . 489 19. The Gandhian Epic in Contemporary Society .
    [Show full text]
  • The Battlefield of Language: the Interplay of Power and Ideology in Language Policy. Briefing Document. INSTITUTION Southampton Univ.(England)
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 477 232 FL 027 717 AUTHOR Ioannidou, Elena, Comp. TITLE The Battlefield of Language: The Interplay of Power and Ideology in Language Policy. Briefing Document. INSTITUTION Southampton Univ.(England). Centre for Language Education. REPORT NO No-10 PUB DATE 1999-06-00 NOTE 11p. AVAILABLE FROM Centre for Language in Education, Research & Graduate School of Education, University of Southhampton, Southampton 5017 1BJ, England, United Kingdom. Tel: 00-44-0-1703-592433; Fax: 00-44-0-1703-593556; e-mail: [email protected]; Web site: http://www.education.soton.ac.uk/ research_and_centres/centres_and_divisions/ . PUB TYPE Reference Materials Bibliographies (131) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies ; Cultural Differences; Cultural Influences; Diglossia; Foreign Countries; Language Minorities; *Language Planning; Multilingualism; Political Influences; *Power Structure; *Public Policy; Social Influences; Sociolinguistics IDENTIFIERS Greece; Japan; Pakistan; Standardization ABSTRACT This annotated bibliography presents studies that address the interplay of power and ideology in language policy. The studies assert that all the conflicts and oppositions between groups, disguised as either language, ethnic, or social movements, have the same basic aim: the quest for power and inclusiveness in the mechanisms of the state. The first part presents books that address the concept of language in relation to politics and power from a wider perspective. The second part focuses on more specific examples of language planning and language policy. The third part deals with the concept of prescriptivism in language from two different perspectives: language standardization and language purism. The last part presents some case studies from Pakistan, Greece, and Japan to show how the issues of linguistic policy, power, and ideology are conceptualized and implemented in specific contexts internationally.
    [Show full text]