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In Preventing and Resolving Conflicts

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In Preventing and Resolving Conflicts Bulletin of the United Nations Department of Political Affairs WINTER 2007-2008 Strengthening the Department of Political Affairs INSIDE THIS ISSUE Strengthening DPA ... 1 A “critical investment” in Mediation Support Unit in Motion ... 4 preventing and resolving conflicts Supporting Middle East reventive Peacemaking ... 5 diplomacy. It is one of the Rebuilding Trust in principal means Uganda’s Peace Pavailable to the United Process ... 6 Nations to keep conflicts from escalating into Being a Catalyst costlier tragedies, in Against Genocide ... 8 lives lost and hopes for development dashed. Yet Renewed Negotiations successful prevention on Western Sahara ... 10 has a basic requirement: that the United Nations Iraq: a “New” Mandate be afforded the tools it Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon introduces the UN needs to carry out this for the UN ... 12 budget to the General Assembly, including his plans to most vital function. strengthen DPA. UN Photo / Eskinder Debebe UN Diplomacy in A major new reform Myanmar ... 14 proposal aims to ensure just that, the management of peacekeeping by strengthening and reorganizing operations. The $21 million plan aims Tunis: Global Discussion the Department of Political Affairs to transform DPA into an entity that on Terrorism ... 16 so that it can be, in the words of is “more field-oriented and less bound Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, to the desk”, better equipped to DPA and Elections: “a more proactive and effective mount timely and effective diplomatic 15 Years Later ... 18 platform for preventive diplomacy, initiatives. It constitutes the first including mediation, at the service of major overhaul of the Department Staff News ... 21 Member States.” since its establishment in 1992. The Secretary-General’s proposals, “The reforms to our peacekeeping Activities and Events ... 22 first presented in October as part apparatus were an essential first of an addendum to the 2008-2009 step,” the Secretary-General said in budget for the Organization, follow outlining the restructuring plan in a directly upon his earlier reforms to continued on page 2 REBUILDING TRUST IN UGANDA’s peace process An interview with UN envoy Joaquim Chissano UN Photo UN Page 6 report (A/62/621) to the General the Secretary-General in his day- Services but also dating back Assembly. “Now focus must be to-day diplomacy while managing to the “Brahimi Report” on put on the Organization’s capacity and overseeing complex political Peace Operations(2000) and the to prevent and resolve conflict missions for Iraq, Lebanon and report of the Secretary-General’s — a better investment than the Middle East Peace Process, High-Level Panel on Threats, dealing with the costly aftermath Nepal, Somalia, West Africa, Challenges and Change (2004). of war and a critical investment Guinea-Bissau and the Central Yet while the Department’s to ensure the billions of dollars African Republic. The Department spent on development by Member is also looked upon to provide States, the international financial strategic leadership to the UN The United Nations needs to be stronger not only at institutions and the United system as a whole on conflict stabilizing situations by Nations itself are not wasted when prevention. deploying forces, but also at armed conflict or war erupts.” preventing and resolving them CAPACITY STRETCHED THIN through political means. SUPPORT STRUCTURE As these and other responsibilities FOR DIPLOMACY have grown, resources have remained largely stagnant over constraints have been identified For DPA, the proposals are both the years, thus stretching DPA’s before, actions were not taken to welcome and overdue. capabilities too thinly and, as remedy the situation. The Department, primarily the Secretary-General said in his Under the Secretary-General’s through its regional divisions, is report, “hampering the ability of proposal, DPA would change in a the main support structure for the Department to do the kind of number of important ways. First, DPA’s regional divisions would be bolstered substantially so B. Lynn Pascoe, they can engage more directly and Under- systematically with the issues and Secretary- actors in the field, including our General for partners in regional organizations, Political Affairs, who have a leading role in many addresses a press instances in preventive diplomatic conference on the Secretary- initiatives. The largest share of the General’s plans 101 additional staff provided for to strengthen the under the plan would be located Department of on these regional desks, which Political Affairs. would also undergo restructuring, and receive an important increase UN Photo / Ryan Brown Ryan / Photo UN in funding for travel by officials to the areas of potential conflict UN preventive diplomacy, carried analysis, diplomatic engagement around the world. out in many cases through the and coordination that is required “good offices” of the Secretary- for successful and proactive REGIONAL OFFICES General. DPA currently provides preventive diplomacy.” advice and support to numerous Another change envisioned The new proposals draw on envoys with assignments around under the plan would bring DPA numerous previous reports the world, including those active closer to where its assistance and evaluations noting DPA’s on Myanmar, Northern Uganda, might be of help through the chronic resource shortages Darfur and Western Sahara. At gradual establishment, in strict — most recently by the UN’s the same time, DPA closely assists consultation with Member States, Office of Internal Oversight Politically Speaking / Winter 2007-2008 of a limited network of offices in and the recently-established UN requested by the Member States. the field with a focus on regional Regional Center for Preventive Along with needed dynamics as opposed to individual Diplomacy in Central Asia enhancements in Departmental country situations. The offices (see box) — would serve as management and oversight — patterned on the current UN forward platforms for preventive capacity, DPA would also be Office for West Africa (UNOWA) diplomacy, when and where strengthened in the areas of electoral assistance, mediation support and policy planning — the latter to permit a stronger focus The regional approach: preventive diplomacy on cross-cutting issues that are in Central Asia increasingly intertwined with The UN Regional Centre for Pre- preventing and peacefully manag- conflict, such as transnational ventive Diplomacy for Central Asia ing potential conflict associated organized crime, corruption and (UNRCCA), inaugurated in Decem- with the kinds of new threats and terrorism. Mediation support is ber 2007 in Ashgabat, Turkmeni- challenges they face collectively already an expanding area for DPA, stan, is a prime example of how the today, including extremism, ter- as indicated by the activities (see United Nations intends — by virtue rorism, drug trafficking, the man- page 4) of its recently-established of a more field-based Department agement of natural resources, and Mediation Support Unit. of Political Affairs — to better assist environmental pressures. Member States in preventing and DISCUSSIONS CONTINUE resolving conflict. The launch of As a small political office to be the Centre culminates more than led by a Representative of the At this writing, the proposals to five years of close consultations Secretary-General, UNRCCA will strengthen DPA remained under between DPA, the Governments offer assistance to the Governments discussion by Member States as of the five Central Asian countries, in building national capacities for part of their consideration of the members of the Security Council, prevention, in facilitating dialogue, UN budget. and UN programs and agencies in and in catalyzing international sup- In a November briefing to the region. port behind projects and initiatives. The Centre will cooperate closely members of the budget committee The establishment of UNRCCA with regional organizations includ- of the General Assembly known as comes at a time of continued transi- ing the Organization for Security the ACABQ, the Under-Secretary- tion and consolidation in Central and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), General for Political Affairs, Asia. Since their emergence as the Commonwealth of Indepen- B. Lynn Pascoe, emphasized that independent states following the dent States (CIS), and the Shanghai the United Nations needs to be breakup of the Soviet Union, the Cooperation Organization (SCO). stronger not only at “stabilizing five nations of the region have situations by deploying forces, but sought to establish national identi- also at preventing and resolving ties while building foundations for them through political means.” peaceful growth and democratic Pascoe noted growing UN development. Following difficult periods, including the civil war in political responsibilities in Iraq, Tajikistan in the 1990s, the region Somalia, Lebanon and Darfur, as has taken some strides forward in well as a number of recent cases recent years. UNRCCA will be posi- that showed the value of proactive tioned to assist the Governments of preventive diplomacy, from Nepal Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, to Myanmar to Northern Uganda, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan in and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. “The Secretary- The presidents of Turkmenistan General’s vision is for a UN and Tajikistan seen during ribbon cutting continued on page 20 ceremonies to inaugurate UNRCCA. Photo: Brian Vitunic Bulletin of the United Nations Department of Political Affairs MEDIATION SUPPORT efforts
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