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142 Archaeologia Baltica 27, 2020, 142–145 Figure 1. The cover of Ahrensburgien und Swiderien im mittleren Oderraum. Technologische und typologische Untersuchungen an Silexartefakten der Jünge- ren Dryaszeit by Katja Winkler (source: https://www.wachholtz-verlag.de). TOMAS RIMKUS MONOGraPH REVIEW: KATJA WINKLER, Ahrensburgien und Swiderien im mittleren Oderraum. Technologische und typologische Untersuchungen an Silexartefakten der Jüngeren Dryaszeit. Untersuchungen und Materialien zur Steinzeit in Schleswig-Holstein und im Ostseeraum, Band 11. Kiel-Hamburg: Wachholtz, 2019. – 496 pp. The Late Palaeolithic in northern Europe is identified and work tools. The combination of absolute dating and only in its last stage, when the last Scandinavian glacier technological complex frequently allows us to talk about freed the region. This event enabled the first people in relationships in societies that manifest themselves precise- northwest Europe associated with the technology of late ly through technological changes, and similarities in lith- Magdalenian culture groups (Weber 2012) to settle here. ic, bone and antler products. Unfortunately, however, the The gradual warming of the climate made it possible for technological connections between the Late Palaeolithic prehistoric societies to rapidly explore and inhabit areas communities of northern Europe are sometimes difficult liberated from the glacier, with a result in the technologi- to examine, due to the scarcity of data, especially the lack cal changes of hunting inventories, through which prehis- of homogenous complexes and radiocarbon data. There- toric researchers are best acquainted with cultural units. fore, at present, only data systematisation and technologi- The mobility and cultural interactions of communities are cal studies of siliceous and osseous artefacts would enable also best known from the technological aspects of hunting us to make an in-depth study of Late Glacial societies and 143 Monograph Review ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 27 their interaction. This goal and systematic research on that the two tanged point complexes belong mainly to the Late Glacial tanged point complexes were explored in the Younger Dryas and the Early Preboreal oscillations. This is recent monograph by Katja Winkler Ahrensburgien und evident from the Late Glacial sites in Germany and Poland Swiderien im mittleren Oderraum. Technologische und ty- that contain datable materials from find layers. It has ena- pologische Untersuchungen an Silexartefakten der Jüngeren bled the author to examine the environmental conditions Dryaszeit (Winkler 2019), which is published in volume that two tanged point techno-complexes experienced. 11 of the series ‘Untersuchungen und Materialien zur Younger Dryas marks the period of a colder environment, Steinzeit in Schleswig-Holstein und im Ostseeraum’ from whereas in the Early Preboreal, the conditions became the Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology. much more favourable, and most likely this had an im- pact on the hunter-gatherer’s technological shifts in the The book comprises seven main research and summary hunting kit. The Late Glacial period is often considered as chapters, whereas chapter 8 is devoted to abbreviations the time when societies relied entirely on the hunting and and a list of references. The end of the book contains sepa- migration of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) (e.g. Price et al. rately a catalogue of the main types of lithic and osseous 2008); however, as Katja Winkler indicates in the materi- finds from Ahrensburgian and Swiderian sites, and maps als gathered, in German sites, bones of other ungulates, with key sites. such as elk (Alces alces), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) The first chapters of the book give an overview of the his- and red deer (Cervus elaphus) also occur. Also, species tory of the research into Late Glacial Ahrensburgian and of fish and fowl are evident from bone assemblages. This Swiderian sites, known as tanged point technocomplexes, supports the assumption that Younger Dryas societies in in the middle reaches of the River Oder. This includes the northwest Europe relied not only on reindeer but also on eastern part of Germany and the western part of Poland. other, even much smaller, animal species. But this still has The vast amount of material gathered from sites has ena- to be proven considering the Late Glacial sites in north- bled the author to note that the majority of Ahrensburgian east Europe where only reindeer and several elk remains sites are concentrated in eastern and northeast parts of are known from the Late Palaeolithic. Germany; however, typical Ahrensburgian tanged points The methods Katja Winkler used in her monograph deal can also be found further to the east, i.e. the region of the mostly with the research of lithic artefacts. This firstly in- Vistula and Nemunas river basins. The question of the cludes chaîne opératoire that studies lithic artefacts in dif- further spread of Ahrensburgian tanged point technology ferent production sequences, including the selection of the in an easterly direction was also considered in previous raw materials. This method is further supported by lithic works (Zaliznyak 1999; Šatavičius 2016); however, more refitting, allowing the reconstruction of the knapping se- systematic studies on lithic materials and its complexes quences. The lithic material is further studied by describ- are needed in order to make appropriate comparisons. ing its technological and typological features. Statistical On the other hand, typical Swiderian tanged point finds methods are used to characterise the sizes of Ahrensbur- are more common in the Vistula and Nemunas basins, gian and Swiderian tanged points and blades. This gave an whereas their occurrence in the Oder basin is less com- opportunity to separate the technologies between the two mon. Katja Winkler also includes sites that contain both different tanged point complexes, and see the similarities types of tanged points, specific to Ahrensburgian and between them. The methods used in the monograph es- Swiderian techno-complexes. This initially points to a pecially require homogenous lithic materials that could possible technological relation between the two cultures, show the technological differences and similarities. Kat- which is further exploited in the following chapters of the ja Winkler selected material from sites that also contain book. As the author notes, similarities in the material cul- homogenous lithic kshemenitsas; therefore, the research ture between Ahrensburgian and Swiderian have been ob- gives good results on lithic studies. served much earlier, at the beginning of the 20th century, as some Swiderian sites were known in northern Germany The results of the research are given in chapters 4 to 7, as well. However, an in-depth technological comparison where, according to the methods used, the author gives of the two taxonomic units has not been made. As more the results of a technological comparison between the two materials emerge, it is now possible to make an in-depth tanged point technocomplexes. The results indicate that technological comparison of Ahrensburgian and Swide- the formation of cores and knapping techniques were rian cultures. very similar between Ahrensburgian and Swiderian cul- tures. Swiderian cores are very well known for prismatic The first part of the book is also devoted to an overview of opposite platform shapes, which have one flaking surface environmental conditions, including the flora and fauna, exploited from two opposed platforms. However, as the and also to the subsistence strategies of the Ahrensbur- author notes, one-platform cores also occur in Swiderian gian and Swiderian techno-complexes. The dating shows 144 ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 27 Tomas Rimkus inventories. The author also indicates that opposite plat- in the Vistula, Nemunas and Daugava basins, most of the form cores are also common in Ahrensburgian inventories, same tool types fall in the period of Swiderian culture which is evident at some sites in Brandenburg. However, (Meadows et al. 2014; Zagorska et al. 2019). The harpoons the Ahrensburgian core reduction method used one-plat- and antler axes are technologically very similar between form cores more frequently than Swiderian technology. the two regions, and, as the lithic finds show, the Ahrens- Both taxonomic units used direct soft hammer percussion burgian and Swiderian osseous industry could also reflect techniques as well as the direct hard percussion technique technological relations. However, a more direct compari- to remove the cortex from the flint nodule and prepare son is needed before firm conclusions can be made. the knapping surfaces. The blades produced were long and This short review focuses on lithic and osseous industry regular, and so tanged points were made from them. Dif- aspects of the research that Katja Winkler covered in her ferences between Ahrensburgian and Swiderian hunting monograph. Her research, firstly by the vast amount of gear technology can be observed on the tanged points. material gathered, has made it possible to conclude that Ahrensburgian are made with a clearly marked tang, and around the middle of the River Oder, both taxonomic also in a willow leaf shape, but always without a ventral units, Ahrensburgian and Swiderian, existed, and no clear retouch. On the contrary, Swiderian contain mainly two technological differences in the preparation and exploita- types of points. The first type has a clearly marked tang tion of

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