Supplementary Table 1. Sub-Score Classification. Variables Used To

Home , Bucket toilet, Pit latrine

Supplementary Table 1. Sub-score classification. Variables used to create JMP-CS and National-CS water, sanitation and hygiene sub-scores which values were classified as “improved” or “not improved”.

Water Sub-Score Improved Not Improved JMP-CS Baseline Follow-Ups Baseline Follow-Ups Piped into dwelling Piped into yard/plot Piped into dwelling Public tap/standpipe Unprotected dug well Piped into yard/plot Dug well Tube well or borehole River/dam/stream/lake/pond/ Tube well or borehole River/dam/stream/lake/pond/ Protected dug well canal/irrigation channel Main source of water Pumping well canal/irrigation channel Rainwater Unprotected spring Rainwater Don’t know Protected spring Don’t know Tanker truck or water vendor Bottled water Bottled water Tanker truck or water vendor

Shared with neighbour In own dwelling In own dwelling Elsewhere Location of water source Public place In own yard/plot In own yard/plot Don’t know Don’t know National-CS Piped into dwelling Unprotected dug well Piped into dwelling Dug well Piped into yard/plot River/dam/stream/lake/pond/ Piped into yard/plot River/dam/stream/lake/pond/ Public tap/standpipe canal/irrigation channel Tube well or borehole canal/irrigation channel Main source of water Tube well or borehole Unprotected spring Pumping well Tanker truck or water vendor Protected dug well Bottled water Rainwater Bottled water Rainwater Tanker truck or water vendor Don’t know Protected spring Don’t know Shared with neighbour In own dwelling In own dwelling Public place Elsewhere Location of water source In own yard/plot In own yard/plot Don’t know Don’t know

No No Sometimes Frequency of water treatment Yes Yes always Yes sometimes Don’t know Don’t know

Boil Boil Bleach Bleach chlorine With Alum Stain Stand and settle Method used to treat the water Strain through a cloth Stand and settle Water filter Don’t know Ceramic filter Don’t know Solar Solar

No No Frequency of child’s water Yes Yes always Sometimes Yes sometimes treatment Don’t know Don’t know Sanitation Sub-Score Improved Not improved JMP-CS Baseline Follow-ups Baseline Follow-ups Flush/pour flush toilet flush to piped sewer system Flush/pour flush toilet flush to septic tank Pit latrine without slab/open Flush/pour flush toilet flush to Share pit pit latrine Public Bucket toilet In-house Flush/pour flush toilet flush to Dry Hanging toilet Type of toilet Outhouse somewhere else Field/forest Field/forest Flush/pour flush toilet flush Refuse to respond Refuse to respond don’t know where Don’t know Don’t know Ventilated improved pit latrine Pit latrine with slab Composting toilet

Flush/pour flush toilet flush to Refuse to respond Field/forest pit latrine Don’t know Refuse to respond Flush/pour flush toilet flush to Don’t know somewhere else Flush/pour flush toilet flush don’t know where Ventilated improved pit latrine Pit latrine with slab Composting toilet

Thrown into drain or ditch Thrown into drain or ditch Child used toilet/latrine Child used toilet/latrine Thrown into garbage Thrown into garbage Strategy used to dispose child Thrown by caretaker in Thrown by caretaker in Buried Buried excreta toilet/latrine toilet/latrine Left in open Left in open Refuse to respond Refuse to respond Don’t know Don’t know Hygiene Sub-Score Improved Not improved JMP-CS Baseline Follow-ups Baseline Follow-ups Washes hands after cleaning the Yes, after cleaning the child, Yes, after cleaning the child child’s bottom and/or after moving No No Yes, after moving the faeces Yes, after moving the faeces faeces National-CS Washes hands after cleaning the Yes, after cleaning the child, Yes, after cleaning the child child’s bottom and/or after moving No No Yes, after moving the faeces Yes, after moving the faeces faeces