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Subscription Edition SUBSCRIPTION EDITION . (It'be· @lto~ of tbe Jaations. CARTHAGE THE STORY OF THE NATION S. • I. ROME. By ARTHUR GILMAN, 30. THE BYZANTINE EMPmE. M.A. Hy c. W. c. OllAN. o. THE JEWS, By Prof. J. K. 3'. SICILY: PhmDiclan, Greek HOSMER. and Roman. Hy (d. late 3. GERMANY. By Rev. S. BARING­ Prof. E. A. FREEMAN. GOULD M.A. 32. THE TUSCAN REPUBLICS, 4. CARTHAGE. By Prof. ALFRED By. ~~LLA DUFFY. J. CHURCH. 33. POLAND. By W. R. MORFILL, S. ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. By M.A. Prof. J. P. MAHAFFV. 340 PARTBIA. By Prof. GEORGB 6. THE MOORS IN SPAIN. By RAWLINSON. C STANLEY LANE-POOLE. 35. AUSTRALIAN COMMON· 7. ANCIENT EGYl'T. By Prof. WEALTH. By GREVILLE GEOR~E RAWLINSON. TREGARTHEN. 8. HUNGARY. By Prof. ARMI"IU9 36. SPAIN. By H. E. WATTS. VAMBERY. 37. JAPAN. By DAVID MURRAV, 9. THE SARACENS. By ARtHUR Ph.D. GILMAN, M.A. 38. SOUTH AFRICA. By GEORGB 10. IRELAND. By the HOdl EMILV M. THRAL LAWLESS., 39. VENICE. By ALETHEA WIEL II. CHALDEA. By ZtNAiDE A. 40. THE CRUSADES. By T. A. RAGOZIN. AReHg" BOd C. L. KINGS· 12. THE GOTBS. By HENBV BRAD· FORD. LEY. 4'. VEDIC INDIA. By Z. A. RA· '3. ASSYRIA. By ZtNAiDE A. RA· GOZIN. COZIN. 42. WEST INDIES Jum THE '4. TURKEY. By STAHLEV LANE- SPANISH MAIN. By JAMES POOLE. ( RODWAY.. IS. HOLLAND. By Prof. J. E. 43. BOHEMIA. By C. EDMUND T..-OROLD ROGERS. (0 c MAURICE. 16. MEDLEVAL FRANCE. By 44. THB BALKANS. By W. GUSTAVE MASSON. MILLER, M.A. '7. PEP.8IA. By S. G. W. BEN- 45- CANADA. By Sir J. G. BOURI­ NOT, LL.D. 18. pa~CIA. By Prof. GEO. 46. BRITISH INDIA. By R. W. RAWLINSON. '9- MEDIA. By ZtNl.iDE A. RA­ 47. M~DERii i~CB. By ANDR4 GOZIH. LEj30H. 20. THE BANSA TOWNS, By 48. THE YRANKS. By LEWIS SER· HELEN ZIMMERN. GEANT. • 2'. EARLY BRrrAIN. By Prof. 49. AUSTRIA. By SIDNEY WHIT­ ALFRED J. lHURCH. MAN. 22. THB BAltBARY CORSAIRS, so. MODERN ENGLAND. Before By STANLEY LANE~POOLE. the Reform Hill. Hy J VSTIN '3. RUSSIA. By W. R. MORFlLL, Mr.CARTHV. M.A. 5'. CHINA. By Prof. R. K. 24. THE JEWS UNDER THE DOUGLAS. ROMANS, By W. D. MORRI­ So. MODERN ENGLAND. From SON. the Reform Btll to the Pre.. 25. SCOTLAND. By JOHN MACKIN· sent Time. By J USTIH TOSH, LL.D. MCCARTHY. 26. SWITZERLAND. By Mrs LIHA 53. MODERN SPAIN. By MARTIN HUG and R. STEAD. A. S. HUME. 27. MEXICO. By SUSAN HALE. 54. MODERN ITALY. By PIETRO 28. PORTUGAL. By H. M-"sJ! ORS'_ STEPHENS. 55. NORWAY. By H. H. BoVl!­ 29- THE NORMANS, By SARAH !OEM. OWNE JEWETT. 56. WALES. By 0. M. EDWARDS. LoNDON: T. FISHER UNWIN, PATERNOSTER SQUARE, E.C. VOTIVE BAS-RELIEF TO PERSEPHONE. OR THE EMPIRE OF AFRICA BY ALFRED ]. CHURCH, M.A: PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. LONDON, AU1'~OR Oil ;'STOR FROM HOMER," ETC., ETC. j • . .- WITH TH1& COLLABORATION OF . ARTHUR GItMAN,, M.A.. EIGHTH EDITION. '. 1011/)011 T. FISHER UNWIN PATERNOSTER SQUARE Vb7CC.- C Cy: - ~.opyrig1tt by T. FIS]IER UNWIN, 1888. • PREFACE. IT is difficult to tell the story of Carthage, because one has to tell it without sympathy, and from the standp~int of fler enemies. It is a great advantage, 'On the ~ther hand, that the materials are of amanage­ able amount, and that a fairly complete narrative may be given within a moderate.compass: • I have made it a rule to go to the original authori­ ties. At the same time I have to express my obliga­ tions to several modern works, to. the geographical treatises of Heer~n, the histories of Grote, Arnold and Mommsen, Mr. Bosworth Smith's admirable "Car­ thage .and the Carthaginians," and the learned and exhaustive .. History of Art in Phcenicia and its Depenaenciefl,"'br Messieurs Georges Perrot and . Charles Chipiez, ~s translated and edited by Mr. Walter Armstrong. To this last I am indebted for most of the illustrations of this book. I have had much help also from Mr. W. W. Capes' edition of" Livy": xxi., xxii. I* x PREFACE. I have not thought it necessary to discuss the critical questions which have been raised about the Duilian column (p. 135). The ins~ription, a~ it at present exists, may be supposed to bear a general, though not a faithful, resemblance to the original. a.C CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. Leo Carthage founded by Dido • 850 The Campaigns of MaIchus 550 The Battle of Alalia • • 536 Yust Treaty with Rome • 509 First Battle of Himera 480 Second TJalaty with Rome 440 Hannibal invades Sicily 410 Third Treaty with Rome •• 405 Capture of Agrigentum •• • 406 Treaty between Carthage and Dionysius 405 Renewal of the War • • 397 Siege of Syracuse by Himilco. 396 Return of Himilco to Africa • 396 Mago invades Sicily 393 Treaty of Peace with Bionysius 392 Renewal of the War 383 Dionysius attacks Carthage • • • 368 Death of Dionysius 367 The Conspiracy of Hanno • 340 The Battle of Crimessns • 339 Death of'llimoleon • • 337 Agathoc1es defeated at Himera 310 He transfers the War to Mrica 1 • 3 0 He returns to Sicily 307 Pyrrbus invades Sicily • 278 He leaves Sicily 276 Beginning of First Punic War • • 264 Defeat of the Carthaginian Fleet by Dullius at Mylz 260 Victory of Regnlus at Ecnomus • • 256 xii CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. a.Co Landing of Regulus in Mrica 256 Defeat of Regulus by Xantippus 255 The Siege of Lilybreum begun 249 Defeat of the Roman Fleet under Claudius at Drepanum 249 Hamilcar Barca comes into Sicily"" 247 Death of Hannibal. 'ir' • • • 247 Defeat of Carthaginian Fleet by Catulus at JEgusa 241 Conclusion of First Punic War 241 War ofthe Mercenaries cJ241-236 Hamilcar Barca invades Spain 236 Death of Hamilcar • 229 Assassination of Hasdrubal 221 Capture of Saguntum by Hannibal and Commencement of Second Punic War 218 Battles of Ticinus and Trebia 218 Battle of Trasumennus • 217 Battle of Cannae . 216 Hannibal winters in Capua 2 15 . Roman Conquest of Syracuse ,.. 212 Hannibal takes Tarentum • • • 212 Defeat and Death of the 'Scipios in Spain 211 Hannibal marches on Rome-.,.Fall of Capua 211 Publius Scipio goes to Spain' 210 He captures New Carthage 209 Death of Marcellus • 208 Hasdrubal enters Italy • 207 His defeat at Metauru; 207 Scipio sails to Africa 204 Hannibal returns to Carthage 203 Defeat at Zama (,. • 202 End of Second Punic War 201 Death of Hannibal 183 Roman Embassy at Carthage 174 .The Third Punic War begins 149 Fall of Carthage 146 LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN. PATERNl;)STERSQUARE. E.C. CONTENTS. PART}. L~GEND AND EARLY HISTORY. I, THE LEGEND OF DIDO The ~uilding of Carthage, S':-Dido.' and Mneas, 7. II. THE GROWTH OF C#-RTHAGE The Tyrian traders, It-Malchus and Mago, 13-Treaties with Rome, IS-Carthaginian possessions, 17; - ;: . • PART II. CARTHAGE AND GREECK L HAMILCAR AND HANNIBAL 21-34 Hamilcar's army, 2s-The fate of Hamilcar, 27-Hannibal before Selinus, 29-Attack on Himera, 3I-HannibaI's venge­ ance, .3, xiv CONTENTS. II. 'AG' CARTHAGE AND DIONYSIUS (406-4°5) 35-45 Siege of Agrigentum, 37-Execution of tbe genemls, 39- Agrigentum evacuated, 41-Gela abandoned, 43-The plague at Carthage, 45. III. CARTHAGB AND DIONYSIUS (397) Siege oC Motya, 47-Motya assaulted, 49-Himilco'. ad. vance, 51-Baule of Catana, 53-Siege oC Syracuse, 55- Plague in Himilco'l camp, 57 -lIimilco'l acape, 59- Carthage laved, 63- IV. THE LAST STRUGGLB WITH DIONYSIUS Mago defeated, 65-DeCeat of Dionysiul, 67-The enJ of the war, 69- 'V. CARTHAGE AND TIMOLEON Timoleon declarea war against Cartbage, 'I-llaule of the CrimellUS, 73- c Vi. CARTHAGE ANI? AGATHOCLES Agathoclea in extremitiea, 77-Agathoclea Invadea Africa, 81 - Rnalt of Bomi1car, 85 - Pyrrhlll, 89-Pyrrhus leavea Sicily, 91. PAR1 Ill. THE INTERNAL HISTORY OF CARTHAGE. I. CARTHAGINIAN DISCOYERERS • 95-101 Along tbe African Cout, 97-C'lorillu, 99-A It range lale, 101. CONTENTS. xv • IL THE CONSTJTUT(ON AND RELIGION or CARTHAGE 102-114 Magistrates of Carthage, I03-Estates of the realm in Carthage, lOS:'" Justice and religion, 109 - Carthaginian Deities. 11]0 III. THE RxvEtroB AND .TRADE or CARTHAGE • 115-125 Carthaginian Mines. 117-Trade, I19-Ivory and precious stones, 121-Art and literature, 123-Wealth and IlIIUry, 125- PARTlY. CARTHAGE AND ROME. I. THE WAR IN SICILY AND ON THE SEA. • 129-14° The Romans gain Messana, 131-Capture of Agrigentum, 133 -Battle of MyJae, 137-Baltle of Ecnomus, c39- II. THE INVASION or AnuCA 141-151 De£eat of Hamilcar, 143 - Xantippus, 145 - DGfeat of Regulus, 147 - Horace on Regulus, 149 - Reyenge for Regulus, 151. ilL IN SICILY AGAIN Roman Losses at sea, 153 - Roman disasters, 157 - The Romans gainErp:, 159-Hasdrubal's succ:esses, 161-Battleof JEgates Island, 163-Conclusion of War, 165- xvi CONTENTS. t, fAGB IV. CARTHAGE AND HER MERCENARIES 166-1 77 Revolt of the mercenaries, 167 - Siege of Utica, 171- Massacre of prisoners, 17s-End of war with mercenaril'S, 177. V. CARTHAGE AND SPAIN Hamilcar in Spain, I 79-Hannibal, 181-Siege of Sagun. tum, 183. ,. VI. FROM THE EBRO TO ITALY • ,185-194 P~e of the Rhone, 187-Route over the AIps. 18!)-Rocka split with vinegar, 193. " VII. THE FIRST CAMPAIGN IN ITALY Scipio retires to ,the Trebia, 199 - Sempronius eager to light, 201-The Cartbaginians victorious, ~s. VIII. TRASUMENNUS 206-211 Lake Trasumennus, 207-Slaughter of the Romans, 209- Hannibal's policy, 211. IX. FABIUS AND HIS TACTICS 212-217 Hannibal a master of stratagem, 213-Fabius and Minu· cius. 2ls-Varro and Paull us in command, 217.
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