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Traian I. Vuia See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261252165 Les principales réalisations des pionniers roumains dans le monde aéronautique Data · April 2014 CITATIONS READS 0 52 1 author: Ruxandra Mihaela Botez École de Technologie Supérieure 515 PUBLICATIONS 4,366 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: NEW METHODOLOGIES FOR CALCULATION OF FLIGHT PARAMETERS ON REDUCED SCALE WINGS MODELS IN WIND TUNNEL View project CRIAQ MDO505 View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ruxandra Mihaela Botez on 02 April 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Les principales réalisations des pionniers roumains dans le monde aéronautique - Aurel Vlaicu - Traian Vuia - Henri Coanda - Elie Carafoli AUREL VLAICU • Ingénieur mécanique • Constructeur d’avions • Pilote • Pionnier de l’aviation mondiale • Gagnant des prix internationales AUREL VLAICU AUREL VLAICU AUREL VLAICU • Né en novembre 19, 1882 -> Bintinti, comté de Hunedoara • Diplôme d'ingénieur en 1907 -> L’Université de Munchen • Ing. chez Opel dans Russelheim -> Chez Orastie -> Vlaicu I. AUREL VLAICU • Avion VLAICU I -> Poids = 200 kg ; HP 50 -> Moteur de Gnome. • L'avion -> Bonne stabilité ; Très maneuverable et très bien établi. • Plusieurs prix dans le concours international à l'étranger, et avec Rolland Garos. AUREL VLAICU • 1912 -> 2 prix chez Aspern, Autriche. VLAICU II, 1911 (Maquette) AUREL VLAICU • 13 sept. 1913 -> Vlaicu - II -> Ploiesti 1er vol - montagnes Carpathiennes. L’AVION VLAICU III, 1913 TRAIAN I. VUIA • Août 17, 1872 -> Surducul Mic, comté de Timis ( entre la Roumanie et la Hongrie ) • Aujourd'hui -> Traian Vuia. • Vuia -> Ville de Lugoj, le comté de Timis. TRAIAN I. VUIA TRAIAN I. VUIA • En 1892 -> Diplômé du lycée à Lugoj -> Mathématiques, Physique et Technique. • En 1892 -> L’Université de Budapest, École de mécanique. • En 1901 -> PhD par la Faculté de la loi à Budapest. TRAIAN I. VUIA -> Lugoj • Sujet de vol humain -> " L'avion-voiture " • 1902 -> Paris -> Ballons • Vuia -> Prof. Tatin -> • En 1879 Prof. Tatin -> Aérien-modèle TRAIAN I. VUIA • Tatin contre le projet de Vuia -> Machine de vol n'a pas eu un moteur approprié • L'argument principal de Tatin contre le projet de moteur de Vuia -> 1 propulseur -> • Tous les aérien-modèles -> 2 propulseurs parallèles tournent dans des directions opposées TRAIAN I. VUIA • Vuia -> Son projet -> L'Académie de la Science de Paris -> 1903. • Demo du vol mécanique -> • Procédure pour le décollage. • Autorisé 'projet d'une avion-voiture' TRAIAN I. VUIA • Le projet de Vuia -> Utopie -> • Rejet du projet -> • Avec les commentaires: ' Le problème du vol avec une machine qui pèse plus que l'air ne peut pas être résolu et il est un seul un rêve. ' TRAIAN I. VUIA • Août 17, 1903 -> Obtenir le permis de la part du Bureau de la propriété industrielle, France. • Permis édité en octobre 16, 1903. • 1902-1903 -> Vuia -> Construction de la machine TRAIAN I. VUIA • Pendant l'automne de 1904 -> Construire le moteur approprié. • Obtention d’un permis pour son invention de Grande-Bretagne -> LICENSE EN 1904 TRAIAN VUIA I Traian Vuia et le peintre Aurel Ciupe L’AVION VUIA I L’AVION VUIA I L’AVION VUIA I • Simple - avion avec à haute voilure. • Le 2ième problème -> Construire un moteur -> Développer Fpropulsion -> -> Décollage autonome • 1er moteur d’avion -> 1903 -> Wright L’AVION VUIA I • Le 2ième moteur -> Charles Manly -> par prof. Langley pour son avion. 2 fois en 1903 mais il est tombé en panne (à Washington, 'au musée national d'air et de l'espace'). • Le 3ième moteur par Vuia (propulseur par Tatin) Le 2ième moteur -> une machine en vol Le Moteur Vuia -> Paris, au ‘Musée d‘Air ' Copie à Bucarest, 'au Musée Militaire Central ' L’AVION VUIA I Caractéristiques principales : • Envergure: 8,70 m • Longueur: 5,65 m • Hauteur : 2,90 m • Surface portante : 20 m2 • Moteur : 20 HP à 450 rotations/min • Poids total : 195 kg (+ Vuia 56 kg = 251 kg) L’AVION VUIA I Visiteurs connus : George Besançon, Santos-Dumont etc. • Solution de monoplan pour son avion ? Dans le passé -> Double-avion de Lilienthal-Chanute Réponse de Vuia : Inspiré par la nature Il n'a jamais vu un oiseau avec plus de deux ailes L’AVION VUIA I Visiteurs connus : George Besançon, Santos-Dumont etc. • 1 propulseur Stabilité de l'avion difficile de mettre à jour. L’AVION VUIA I • Construit en déc. 1905. Tester sa machine -> Montesson, près de Paris. • Ses 1ières tests -> déc. 1905. Machine -> Voiture -> Ailes n'ont pas été montées. • Pilote très bon pour sa ' voiture ' Vuia -> ' Avion - Voiture ' en ajoutant les ailes. L’AVION VUIA I • Dans cette config. la machine -> Voiture -> Atteindre sans risque V = 40 km/heure sans utiliser le moteur à sa capacité. • En février -> Papiers en France -> La machine de Vuia. L’AVION VUIA I • 1ière tentative de vol mars 18, 1906. • A 3 heures de P.M. il a visé le moteur. • Après 5 minutes -> Déplacement de sa machine. • Après qu'un mouvement accéléré (L = 50 m.) -> Vuia 1 a volé à H = 1 m. -> -> Après L = 12 m en vol -> -> Problèmes au moteur -> Le propulseur s'est arrêté L’AVION VUIA I • 1er vol conduit à bord par ses installations pendant le vol. • Papiers en France, aux EU’s, en Grande-Bretagne -> Vol autonome chez Montesson avait eu lieu 18 mars, 24 juin, 1 juillet, 5 juillet, 14 juillet, 12 août, 19 août. • 6 mois plus tard -> Santos-Dumont cité en tant que 1er qui a volé en utilisant à bord des installations, parce que son vol a été officiellement contrôlé. L’AVION VUIA I • En 1907 Vuia a piloté beaucoup de fois. • Mars 27 quand Vuia, Santos-Dumont et Bleriot -> réunion d'aviation au Bagatelle -> Vuia a réussi décoller. • Santos Dumont -> 3 vols : 1) Septembre 13, 1906 2) Octobre 23, 1906 3) Novembre 12, 1906 Le 1er vol a été officiellement commandé. L’AVION VUIA I • Santos-Dumont -> A établi un avion neuf. • 1907 -> Le nr. de machines de vol a augmenté : • Charles Voisin -> 16 et 30 mars 16 et 30 • Louis Bleriot -> 11 et 25 juillet • Henri Farman 30 septembre, • Esnault-Pelterie en octobre etc... L’AVION VUIA I • Le 1er voyage aérien fait par Henri Farman oct. 30, 1908, à partir de Bouy -> Reims. • La 1ière incursion aérienne (Toury-Artenay-Toury) par Bleriot le 31 oct. 31, 1908. • Pendant le 1908 Wilbur Wright -> en France et a établi beaucoup d'enregistrements avec sa machine. Tous ces pionniers ont piloté des doubles - avions. L’AVION VUIA I bis et II • Bleriot, après quelques tentatives non réussies -> L'idée de Vuia ( simple - avion) en 1907. • Après 'Vuia 1', Traian Vuia a construit ‘Vuia 1 bis’ ( équipé du même moteur amélioré par Vuia) • 'Vuia 2' a été équipé d'un nouveau moteur construit par l'ing. français Leon Levavasseur. • Vuia a construit 2 hélicoptères en 1918 et 1922. TRAIAN VUIA vs CLEMENT ADER • Quelques historiens d'aviation -> Vuia a été inspiré par Clement Ader – qui a essayé de voler en 1897. Grandes différences entre les deux machines : ( Ailes ) • Clément -> a volé en 1897, • Les historiens de l'aviation -> Il ne pourrait pas voler en raison de ces ailes. TRAIAN VUIA • En 1907 -> Vuia -> • Le problème du vol mécanique a été résolu. • Il a déclaré : ‘La création de l'avion a été complètement finie en 1906’. • Ensuite que les constructeurs ont industrialisé l'aviation, naturellement une mission très importante mais lui ne peut pas être confondu avec la création de la nouvelle machine. HENRI COANDA • 2ième fils de Constantin M. Coanda (5 fils et 2 filles) • Né à Bucarest le 7 juin, 1886. • Attiré par ' le miracle vent ' HENRI COANDA ETUDES • Lycée à Bucarest et Iasi. • L'école militaire de Bucarest -> Diplôme en tant qu'officier d'artillerie • En 1905 -> Un 'missile-avion' à Bucarest pour l'armée HENRI COANDA HENRI COANDA - ETUDES • Technische Hochschule à Charlottenburg, • L'université de la Science à Liège, Partie de l‘Institut Electrique dans Montefiore. • L'école aéronautique supérieure à Paris -> Diplôme en 1909. HENRI COANDA - Inventions • Plate-forme mobile pour des expériences aérodynamiques Il a monté ce dispositif sur un train expérimental V = 90 km/hr sur l'itinéraire de Paris-Saint Quentin HENRI COANDA - Inventions ->Déterminer phénomènes quantitativement aérodynamiques avec un tunnel de vent avec de la fumée ->Il a mesuré des principes aérodynamiques en utilisant un appareil - photo (concu par lui). • Expériences -> Établir le profil des ailes qui plus tard ont été utilisées pour la conception d'avions. HENRI COANDA - Inventions • En 1911 à Reims, H. Coanda a présenté un avion de deux-moteurs avec un propulseur. • Entre 1911-1914 -> Position du directeur technique des avions de Bristol en Angleterre, où il a conçu plusieurs avions ' classiques ' (avec des propulseurs) - sous le nom d'avions de Bristol - Coanda. HENRI COANDA - Inventions • 1912 – Un avion -> A gagné le 1ier prix au Concours Militaire Int. d’Aviation en Angleterre. • 1914 - 1916 -> Coanda travaillé aux avions de Dalauney - Belleville en Saint Denis. -> 3 types d'avions, parmi eux : HENRI COANDA - Inventions 3 types d'avions, parmi eux : Coanda - 1916, avec 2 propulseurs montés près de la queue (comme l'avion connu de Caravelle) en tant que conseiller technique. HENRI COANDA - Inventions • L'invention d'un nouveau matériau de construction ‘béton - bois’ -> Décorations architecturales (Le palais de la culture dans Iasi, en 1925, décoré en utilisant le matériel de Coanda); • 1925 -> Un dispositif pour détecter les liquides dans le sol. -> L'extraction gazo-pétrolifère en Roumanie. • Dans le golfe Persique -> Équipement pour le storage océanique pour l'huile extrait par des matériels fonctionnant très loin du bord de la mer. HENRI COANDA - Inventions • La découverte la plus connue est l'effet de Coanda • Tester sur son avion réactif, Coanda -1910.
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