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Dismantlement of Nuclear Facilities Decommissioned from the Russian Navy: Enhancing Regulatory Supervision of Nuclear and Radiation Safety

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Dismantlement of Nuclear Facilities Decommissioned from the Russian Navy: Enhancing Regulatory Supervision of Nuclear and Radiation Safety StrålevernRapport • 2013:3 Dismantlement of nuclear facilities decommissioned from the Russian navy: Enhancing regulatory supervision of nuclear and radiation safety Reference: M.K. Sneve Dismantlement of nuclear facilities decommissioned from the Russian navy: Enhancing regulatory supervision of nuclear and radiation safety StrålevernRapport 2013:3. Østerås: Statens strålevern, 2013 Key words: Regulatory supervision of nuclear and radiation safety during dismantlement of facilities from Russian Navy. Enhancing regulatory control, nuclear safety and radiation protection, environmental protection Abstract: The availability of up to date regulatory norms and standards for nuclear and radiation safety, relevant to the management of nuclear legacy situations, combined with effective and efficient regulatory procedures for licensing and monitoring compliance, are considered to be extremely important. Accordingly the NRPA has set up regulatory cooperation programs with corresponding authorities in the Russian Federation. Cooperation began with the civilian regulatory authorities and was more recently extended to include the military authority and this joint cooperation supposed to develop the regulatory documents to improve supervision over nuclear and radiation safety while managing the nuclear military legacy facilities in Northwest Russia and other regions of the country. Referanse: Sneve M. K., Roudak, S, et. StrålevernRapport 2013:3. Østerås: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, 2013. Language: English. Emneord: Regulatory supervision of nuclear and radiation safety during dismantlement of facilities from Russian Navy. Enhancing regulatory control, nuclear safety and radiation protection, environmental protection Resymé: Tilgjengeligheten på oppdaterte regulerende normer og standarder for kjernesikkerhet og strålevern som er relevante for forvaltningen av atomarven etter den kalde krigen, kombinert med effektive lisensieringsprosedyrer og overvåking er svært viktig. Statens strålevern har hatt samarbeid med ulike tilsynsmyndigheter i Russland. Samarbeidet begynte med de sivile myndighetene og ble senere utvidet til å inkludere også den militære myndighet. I samarbeid utvikles det regulerende dokumenter for å forbedre tilsyn av kjernesikkerhet og strålevern for å avvikle de nukleære militære anlegg i Nordvest-Russland og andre regioner av landet. Head of project: Malgorzata K. Sneve Approved: Per Strand, director, Department of Nuclear Safety and Environmental Radioactivity 120 pages. Published 2013-02-20 Cover design: 07 Media Printed by 07 Media Coverphoto: NIKIET Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, P.O. Box 55, N-1332 Østerås, Norway Telephone +47 67 16 25 00, fax + 47 67 14 74 07 www.nrpa.no ISSN 1891-5191 (online) LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS: For NRPA, Norway For Russian Organizations M Sneve O.R. Bulatov (DSS NRS, RF Ministry of S Roudak Defense) V.G. Barchukov (FMBC) V.N. Vavilkin (OKBM) A.P. Vasiliev (ICES) N.I. Gontsaryuk (NIKIET) A.A. Lepeshkin (SEC NRS) A.G. Lyashenko ("Onega" Process Engineering and Research Bureau) O.A. Kochetkov (FMBC) K.N. Kulikov ("Onega" Process Engineering and Research Bureau) V.M. Malinkin (ICES) A.O. Pimenov (NIKIET) N.G. Sandler (OKBM) M.P. Tankov (Directorate #12, RF Ministry of Defense) A.Ya. Shulgin (SEC NRS) 4 Abbreviations NPS Nuclear-Powered Submarine NS Nuclear Service STB Shore Technical Base VMF The Navy SRC State Research Centre GRW Gaseous Radioactive Waste LRW Liquid Radioactive Waste SZ Supervised Zone RAZ Restricted Access Zone IRS Ionizing Radiation Source ITRA Integrated Technical and Radiological Assessment RF MoD Russian Federation Ministry of Defense ICES International Centre for Environmental Safety, Minatom (Ministry of Nuclear Energy), Russia PG Procedural Guidelines LLW Low-Level Radioactive Waste IMMI Institute of Industrial and Marine Medicine NIKIET Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering SS Surface Ships NRPA Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority SEC NRS Scientific and Engineering Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Safety NPF Nuclear Power Facility VLLW Very Low-Level Waste SFA Spent Fuel Assembly SNF Spent Nuclear Fuel TSA Temporary Storage Site at Andreyev Bay TSG Temporary Storage Site at Gremikha LSF Long-Term Storage Facility QAP Quality Assurance Program PHW Potentially Hazardous Works SG Steam Generator DS Depot Ship RW Radioactive Waste RS Radiation Safety RAS Radioactive Substances SR Source of Radiation 5 RM Radiation Monitoring RC Reactor Compartment RR Reactor Room ILW Intermediate-Level Waste SRZ Shipyard SSZ Sanitary Shelter Zone PPE Personal Protective Equipment RMS Radiation Monitoring System SRPB Shipcutting Radiation Process Building E&T Equipment and Tooling CPS Control and Protection System NF Northern Fleet SSCR Self-Sustained Chain Reaction TC Transportation Container PF Pacific Fleet SRW Solid Radioactive Waste DSS NRS Directorate of State Supervision over Nuclear and Radiation Safety FMBC Burnazyan Federal Medical and Biological Centre, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Russia SevRAO "Northern Federal Radioactive Waste Management Enterprise" (SevRAO) FZ Federal Law FMBA Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Russia FNR Federal Norms and Rules FDMB EP Federal Directorate for Medicobiologic and Extreme Problems BST Bioshield Tank TsKB Central Design Bureau CCLS Centre for Radioactive Waste Conditioning and Long-Term Storage OO Operator Organization NM Nuclear Material NRS Nuclear and Radiation Safety NI Nuclear Installation NPI Nuclear Power Installation 6 7 8 A large-scale effort is currently underway to dismantle nuclear-powered submarines and surface ships as well as related nuclear service vessels, which have been decommissioned from active service in the Russian navy. This requires implementing the following practical activities: - unloading of spent nuclear fuel; - dismantlement of the nuclear submarines, nuclear service ships and nuclear-powered surface ships; - decommissioning and dismantlement of other radiation hazardous facilities used in servicing; - ecological rehabilitation of the contaminated land and offshore areas at sites of temporary storage, including those at Andreyeva Bay and Gremikha village in the Kola Peninsula; - management of existing and newly generated radioactive waste, and - monitoring and inspection of the facilities being dismantled, the rehabilitated and adjacent areas using a set of indicators characterizing nuclear, radiation and ecological safety, as well as monitoring the personnel and public radiation doses and the environmental impact from radioactive releases. Essential to these activities are: - ensuring nuclear, radiation, fire and industrial safety; - preventing industrial emergencies; - developing and checking the availability of industry standards, national regulations, norms and rules; - monitoring the environment as regards radiological and radio-ecological conditions; - ensuring emergency preparedness response; - providing advance warning to local bodies of executive power and population as regards radiation- hazardous activities; and - effective communication with the public and other stakeholders. The availability of up to date regulatory norms and standards for nuclear and radiation safety, relevant to the management of nuclear legacy situations, combined with effective and efficient regulatory procedures for licensing and monitoring compliance, are considered to be extremely important. Accordingly the NRPA has set up regulatory cooperation programs with corresponding authorities in the Russian Federation, as part of the Norwegian government action plan for nuclear activities and the environment in northern areas. Cooperation began with the civilian regulatory authorities and was more recently extended to include the role of the military authority. Initial work in that area has already been reported in the NRPA report series. This described the joint development by the Department of State Supervision over Nuclear and Radiation Safety of the Ministry of Defence of Russia (DSS NRS, RF MOD) and the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (FMBA) of new regulatory guidance on “Safety Provision while Managing Radioactive Waste Containing Nuclear Materials at the Enterprises of the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom” in the Northwest of Russia”. In accordance with Russian law, the RF MOD has developed and put into force procedures for supervision of nuclear and radiation safety at the federal level. These procedures set out a framework for determining compliance with regulatory requirements, as determined in accordance with the methodology established and approved by the RF MOD and agreed with relevant federal executive bodies and Rosatom. However, arising out of the initial regulatory cooperation work, it was recognised that the complexity of submarine and related dismantling work has required the development of enhanced regulatory guidance specific to the activities mentioned above. There were regulatory gaps in the decision making procedures used for evaluating the dismantlement processes regarding safety of workers, the public and the environment. Previously, only the top regulatory layer was in place. 9 Accordingly, a further project, described here, was set up in order to draft more detailed regulatory Guidelines in this context. The steps taken in the project, described in this report, included: - analysis of the requirements of international conventions, Russian national laws and other regulatory documents; - analysis of the main stages of the radiation
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