PRELIMINARY RE3RARCH STUDIES

FOR TH8

DRAMATIZATION OF THE

"BATTLS OP TANNENBSRG*.

CALTER L. 7SIBT-B, f Captain, C» A> C. PRELIMINARY RESEARCH STUDIES FOR THE DRAMATIZATION OP THE "BATTLE OF UNMENBEHO."

WALTER L. WEIBLE, Captain, C.A.C.

NOTE: This individual research was made for the assistance of the remainder of the group of officers engaged in this Group Research. STRENGTH, ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL OF THE OPPOSING FORCES IN EAST PRUSSIA DURING THE PERIOD AUGUST 20th - 31st, 1914.

(With special reference to those forces employed in the "Battle of Tannenberg.")

- Page 1. ­ PART I - OERMAN.

1. General Organisation.

a. Infantry Division. 4 regiments of Infantry (5 battalions eaoh)..12 bns. (13,000 man) 24 machine guns. Artillery: 64 light field guns IB light field howltiers 72 pieces. In addition the Corps usually attached 8 of their heavy howitzer* to eaoh of Its two Infantry divlclone.

b. Reserve Infantry Division. the oonposltlon snd organisation of this unit was lden­ tloal with that given above except that there were only 36 light field guns Instout of 54. This type unit had no Corps Artillery which could be attached to It except that heavy artillery which might be attached from the fortresses.

o. Landwehr Brigade. 2 Infantry regiments of 5 battalions each....6 bns. (6,000 men). Maohlne guns none. Artillery: 12 light field guns .12 pieoes.

d< Cavalry Division. 6 cavalry regiments of 4 squadrons each 24 squadrons (4,000 men) Machine guns ...... 6 Artillery: 12 light field guns 12 pieces.

e. The Oernan Reserve units were expanded from secrot cadres upon the declaration of war. Die German General Staff

- Pago 2. ­ had made earuful preparation* for this expansion, hence Gernany'a enemies in computing her strength did not give them proper consideration* The Landwehr or 2nd Line of Reserve unita had been used in the majority of oases for garrisoning the fortresses prior to the declaration of war. They had received field training and in East Prussia, they marched and fought as well as first line units. The Landsturn did not represent an active force at the beginning of the war but it was better trained than the Russian Militia whioh had no fighting value whatsoever.

2. Spooiflc Organizations and Personnel.

a* Supreme Headquarters (The High Command or G.H.Q.) Commander: The Emperor of Germany, KAISER WILHELM II. Chief of Staff: Full General von MOLTKE. Quartermaster-General (Deputy C of 8)1 Lieut* General von STEIN. Chief of Operations Seotion (Asa't C of S, 0-3) t Colonel TAPPEN.

b. Commanding Officer of wireless stations in East Prussia} 1st Lieut, von RICHTHOPEN.

c. Eighth Army. Commander» Full General MAX von PRITTWITZ und GAFFROH. General of the Infantry PAUL von BENECKEN­ DORF und HINDENBURG (after August 22nd). Chief of Staff: Major General Count von WALDERSEE. Major Oeneral Erich von LUDEHDORFF (after Aug. 22). Quarter-Master General (Deputy C of S)t Major Oeneral ORUNSRT. Oeneral Staff} Col. FORNAN.

- Pfcge 3. ­ i.leut. Colonel HOFFMAN (0-3). Mujor DRESCHRL (Intelligence - alao Liaison Officer with I Reserve Corps). Major THOMSKN (went to staff of von der OOLTZ'8 division on Aug. 29). Captain von WALDOW. Captain FRANTZ. Captain von BOCKKLBURO. Captain 2IPPEH (Intelligence - also Liaison Offioar with XVII Corps). Orderly Officers (Aides)» Captain lilBRZINSKI. Captain CAKUMERER ( No. 2). Lieut. PRKYKR. Inspector of the Lines of Communicationt Lieut. Oeneral von HEUDUCK Chief of Engineers: Brig. General KERSTEN. Chief of tho Field Railroader OST. Oeneral Deputy of the Kaiser (Liaison Offioer from O.H.Q.): Oeneral of the Cavalry Count BUROGRAF und ORAF au DOHNA - SCHLOBITTEN. Liaison Offioer from Austrian Ann,: Capt. FLEISCHMANN. In charge of unloading trains of I Corps: 1st Lieut, von STEPHANI. (This officer also seemed to have general charge of all transportation at Army Headquarters.)

Air Corps: 16th Field Observation Flight. Lieut. G3.ERKB " PAVER " STRAUCH 4th Fortress Observation Flight (at Posen) Dirigibles: Z - 5. (a Zeppelin). It wan shot down near Mlawa In the

- Page 4. ­ latter part of August. Commander: Captain 0RUN5R. d. Organization of the Eighth Army.

I Army Corps. Commander: Oenercl of the Infantry HERMANN von PRANC0I3. Chief of Staff: Colonel Baron SCHMIDT von SCHWIDTSECK. General Staff: Lieut. Colonel KARMANH (0-2). Major von MASSOW (0-3). Captain MERTENS. Captain SCHUBERT Orderly Officers (Aides) t Major HARWICH (acting). Lieut, von PRAHCOIS. Lieut, von KUNHKIM (No. 2). Lieut. Count KAN 117,.

1st Infantry Division. Comnander: Lieut. Oeneral von CONTA. Chief of Staff: Major ORABERO.

1st Infantry Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral von TROTH A ( killed August 30th). Colonel SCH0H7ELD. Adjutant: Captain SAXBR. 1st Orenadiers - Colonel EOOERSS. 4l8t Infantry - Colonel 3CH0NFBLD.

2nd Infantry Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral PASCHEN. 3rd Orenadiers - Colonel von WEDEL. 43rd Infantry - Colonel von BI3ENHART-R0THE.

8th Uhlans - Lieut. Colonel Freiherr SCRAPPER von BERNSTEIN.

1st Field Artillery Brigade.

- Page 6. ­ Commanderi Major Ooneral MOBWES. 16th Field Artillery - Colonel BROMSIS. 62nd Field Artillery - Colonel HELLWIO.

2nd Infantry Division. Commander: Lieut. Oeneral von FALK. General Staff: Major OOBDEL.

3rd Infantry Brigade. Commander! Major General MENOKLBIER. Adjutant: Captain JACOBI. 4th Orenadlers * Colonel STERN. 44th Infantry - Colonel von LOEPEH. 4th Infantry Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral BOESS. Adjutantt Captain WOLLEKMANK. 33rd Fusiliers - Colonel von FUMETTI (killed August 26th). Lieut. Colonel WEICKB. 45th Infantry - Colonel MAASS ( wounded August 28th).

10th Mounted Jaegers - Lieut. Colonel BERRINO.

2nd Field Artillery Brigade. Cootaander: Major Oeneral FOUQUET. 1st Field Artillery - Lieut. Colonel von SYDOW. 37th Field Artillery - Colonel von der LIP#3. *

Heavy Artillery: 1st Bn., 1st Heavy Art'y; 2nd Bn., 16th Reserve Heavy Art'y (on August 25th from Thorn). Engineers: 1st, 2nd and 3rd companies, 1st Engrs. (distributed among the divisions*)

At* Corps: 14th Field Observation Flight: 1st Lieut, von HBYDEN. Lieut. BURCKHAHDT. MERTEN3.

- Page 6. ­ Lieut. HESSE, pilot ) Aeroplane A - 29, " KORNKR, observer) " CANTER.

XVII Army Corps. Commanders Oeneral of the Cavalry AUGUST von MACKENSEN, Chief of Stafft Lieut. Colonel von DUNKER. Oeneral Staff: Major Oraf von SCHWEHIN (0-3). Captain BARTENWERFSR. Captain ZIPPER (Liaison Offioer from Army Hq.). 55th Infantry Division. Couuanden Lieut. Oeneral HBNNIO. General Staff: Major BNOELIEN. Adjutant: Major von KSI8ER.

70th Infantry Brigade. Commander* Major Oeneral SCHU1DT von KN0BEL8D0RF. 21st Infantry - Lieut. Colonel HEYN (killed August 26th). 61st Infantry ­

67th Infantry Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral von HAHK. Adjutant: Captain TIEBEMAHH. 141st Infantry - Lieut. Colonel von STEINKELLEP. 176th Infantry ­ 2nd Jaeger Battalion (up to August 28th). 4th Mounted Jaegers.

35th Field Artillery Brigade. Commanderj Major Oeneral UHDEN. 71st Field Artillery ­ 81st Field Artillery ­

96th Infantry Division. Commandert Lieut. Oeneral von HBINKCCIU8. Oeneral Stafft Major von WINNING. - page 7. ­ 69th Infantry Brigade, Commandert Major Oeneral von ENOfcLBRECHTON. Aidei let Lieut, of the Reserve TOBPFFER. 129th Infantry - Colonel BRES3LER. 175th Infantry ­

71at Infantry Brigade. Commander: Colonel von PBWITZ. Aide: Lieut, of the Reserve ORACK. Adjutant; Captain BACHKR. 6th OrenadlerB - Colonel Prelherr von EICHBNDORFF. 128th Infantry - Colonel von TRECKOW.

6th Russara - Colonel Prelherr von BARNEXOW.

36th Field Artillery Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral HAHNDORFF. 36th Field Artillery - Major WALDEYER. 72nd Field Artillery ­

Heavy Artillery: let Bn., 17th Heavy Art«y; let Bn., let Reserve Heavy Art'y from Konlgeberg (August 19th-21st).

Engineerst let, 2nd and 3rd companies, 17th Eng'rs (distributed among the divisions).

Air Corps; 17th Field Observation Flight.

XX Army Corps. Commandert Oeneral of the Artillery von SCHOLTZ. Chief of Staff: Colonel HELL. Oeneral Staff: Major von EOOELIHO. Adjutant: Major von NOTZ. Aide: Captain of the mounted arms of tho Reserve von AMSBERO.

37th Infantry Division. Commandert Llout. Oeneral von STAABS.

- Page 8. ­ General 8taffj Major von OAZEN (generally called GAZA). Aide? 1st Lieut, von KAUFMAHN.

73rd Infantry Brigade. Coomanderi Major General WILHELMI. Adjutant! Captain APFUHW. 147th Infantry - Colonel MITZSCH. 161st Infantry - Colonel DORSCH. 1st Jaeger Battalion.

76th Infantry Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral von BOCKHANN. 146th Infantry - Colonel von HEYDEBR£CK. 160th Infantry - Colonel KUSTH*.

11th Dragoons - Lieut. Colonel HAASS.

57th Field Artillery Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral B'JCHHOLZ, Colonel GIEBKLER. 73rd Field Artillory - Colonel FORST­ 82nd Field Artillery - Colonel PLANTIER.

41st Infantry Division. Conxnander: Major Oeneral SON TAG. Oeneral Staffs Major WEHIQER.

72nd Infantry Brigade. Commandert Major Oeneral 8CHAEK. Adjutant: Captain SCHMIDT. 18th Infantry - Colonel MECKK. 69th Infantry - Colonel SONNTAO.

74th Infantry Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral RilSfcR. Adjutant: Captain TROMMKR. 148th Infantry - Colonel von der OSTKN. 162nd Infantry - Colonel 0EI8LER. 9. ­ 10th Dragoon* - Lieut. Colonel LEWINSKI.

41st Field Artillery Brigade. Commandert Major Oeneral NSUOEBAUER. 35th Pield Artillery - Lieut. Colonel WILCKE. 79th Field Artillery - Lieut. Colonel MARCUS.

Heavy Artillery: 2nd Bn., 6th Heavy Art'y, - Major BISSIHOEN.

Engineersi 1st, 2nd and 3rd oompanies, 26th Fng'ra (distributed among the dlvlaiona).

Air Corps: 16th Field Observation Flight, 7th Fortress Observation Flight from Lotten.

I Reserve Corps. Commander: Lieut. Oeneral OTTO von BELOW. Chief of Staff: Colonel Oraf von POSADOWSKY-WKHHBR. Oeneral Staffi Major KELLER (0-3). Major DRESCHLER (Liaison Officer.* from Army Hq.).

1st Reserve Infantry Division. Commander: Lieut. Oeneral von FORSTER.

1st Reserve Infantry Brigade. Commander! Major Oeneral BARRK. lat Reserve Infantry - Lieut. Colonel von SUMMERVELD und FALXENHAYN. 3rd Reserve Infantry - Lieut. Colonel von GTEUBER.

72nd Reserve Infantry Brigade. Commander; Major Oeneral LICHT. 18th Reserve Infantry ­ 69th Reserve Infantry - Lieut. Colonel MODROW. lat Reserve Jaeger Battalion.

1st Reserve Uhlans - Major BKRNER.

- Page 10. ­ 1st Reserve Field Artillery - Lieut. Colonel 8CHULTZ.

36th Reserve Division. Commanders *ajor Oeueral KRUOS. Oeneral Stafft Captain BOBLCKB. Adjutants} Major von NORMAN and let Lieut. ENOLKR.

69th Reserve Infantry Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral KOMKYKK. Colonel IMWANUKL ( after August 26th ). 81st Reserve Infantry ­ 61st Reserve Infantry - Colonel IMUANUSL ( up to August 26th ). 2nd Reserve Jaeger Battalion,

70th Reserve Infantry Brigade. Commander: Major Oeneral VJSTT. 64th Infantry ­ 5th Reserve Infantry - Lieut, Colonel Graf su

RKVEKTLOW.

1st Reserve Hussars - Major von BORCKB.

36th Reserve Field Artillery. Heavy Artillery: 1st Bn., ith Reserve Heavy Art'y from Konigaberg.

Engineers: 4th and 1st Reserve companies, 2n/* Bn., 2nd Eug'rs (one to each division).

Air Corps; Field Air Battalion Mo. 8. Captive Balloon - let Lieut, von LAFFKRT.

3rd Reserve Division. Commander: Lieut. General von MORTEN. Oeneral Staff: Major FRANTZ. Supervised rail transportation; Captain SPBRR (It Is not clear whether this officer belonged to the staff of the Eighth Aray or to that of the 3rd Reserve Division, - Page 11. ­ 6th Roservo Infantry Brigade. Commander) Major General HKESB. 2nd Reserve Infantry3 Lieut. Colonel RODIQ. 9th Reserve Infantry: Lieut. Colonel WOBRINO.

6th Reserve Infantry Brigade. Commander 1 Major General KRAUSE. 34th Reserve Infantry - Lieut. Colonel HEIN. 49th Heserve Infantry - Lieut. Colonel Freiherr von

EBKRSTEIN.

5th Reserve Dragoons - Major von OOTZ.

3rd Reserve Field Artillery ­

Engineers 1 2nd Reserve company, 2nd Bn., 2nd Eng'rs.

6th Landwehr Brigade. Connnauder: Major Oeneral KRAHHEK. General Staff: Captain GIKKRL. 34th Landwehr Iiu.>.ntry - Lieut. Colonel Freihorr von DALWIQK «um LICHTENPELS. 4Pth Landwehr Infantry - Lieut. Colonel KIPPING. 3 Landwehr Squadrons of cavalry (II Corps).

70th Landwehr Brigade«. Commander: **ajor Oeneral HREITHAUPT. 6th Landwehr Infantry - Lieut. Colcnel ZJKMEK, 18th Landwehr Infantry - Lieut. Colonel von VfKDEL. Machine Guns: attached one fortress detachment, one Ersatz company from Graudenz. Cavalry: 5 Landwehr and 1 Lands tuna squadrons (XVII and XX Corps). Ai* tiller j: 2 Lands turn batteries (XVII Corps).

35th Reserve Division (Main Reserve, Field Unit9 of Portress Thorn).

Commander: Lieut. Oeneral von SCHKE'JCTAU. Aide: «aptein «f aou^^'>d anna von PDTTKAMER. - Page 12. ­ 5th Landwehr Brigade, Commander a Lieut. General von MUHLMANN. 2nd Lanuwehr Infantry - Colonel von REUTER. 9th Landwehr Infantry - Lieut. Colonel SCHMIDT.

20th Landwehr Brigade. Commander: Lieut. General von U3RTZBER0. 19th Landwehr Infantry - Lieut. Colonel Frelherr von

107th Landwehr Infantry ­

4th Reserve Machine Gun Detachment (4 fortress companies)

3rd Reserve Cavalry.

35th and 81at Srsatz Battalions of Field Artillery (4 batteries inoluding 1 horse battery).

Heavy Artillery: 3/4 of 1st Bn., 11th Reserve Art'y; 4th Battery, 16th Reserve Heavy Art»y (10 cm. guns) - Major RICHTKR.

Engineers: 1st Reserve Company, 2nd Bn., 17th Eng'rs.

1st Landwohr Division Commander: Lieut. General von der OOLTZ. General Staff: Major THOMSKN (from Eighth Army Hq.). Captain OOLDNKR.

33rd Landwehr Brigade. Commuidert Major General von OERTZEN. 75th Landwehr Infantry - Lieut. Colonel von STWOLINSKJ. (killed August 28th). 76th Landwehr Infantry - Llout. Colonel BILLIO.

34th Landwohr Brigade. Cownandor: Lieut. General von fRESSKNTIll. Adjutanti Captain 8CH0R. 31st Landwehr Infantry ­ 84th Landwehr Infantry - Colonel BECKER.

- Page 13. ­ Cavalry: 5 squadrons from the 2nd Bn. of the Guards (IX Corps) - Captain von SYDOW.

Artillery: 2 Landwehr batteries from IX Army Corps.

Heavy Artillery: 1st Bn., 2nd Reg't. and 2nd Bn., 17th Reserve Reg't.

Field Units of the Fortresses Kulra, Oraudenz, Merienburg (Main Hesorve Oraudenz). Commander: Major General FRITZ von UHORR.

69th Infantry Replacement Brigade. Commander: Brig. Oeneral von SEMMKRN. 6 Ersatz Battalions (from 5th, 34th, 59th, 129th and 175th Inf.). Divided into 2 regiments ooramanded by Lieut. Colonel von ERMANNSDORFF and Lieut. Colonel FBLDTKELLER.

3rd and 4th Fortress Machine Oun Detachments.

72nd and 73rd Ersatz Battalions of Field Art'y (3 bat­ teries) .

Heavy Artillery! 1st Battery, 17th Reserve Heavy Art'y,

Engineers: 1st Reserve company, 26th Eng'rs.

Air Corps: 6th Fortress Observation Flight.

1st Cavalry Division. Commander: Lieut. Oeneral BRKCHT.

1st Cavalry Brigade. Commander: Colonel von OLA3ENAPP 3rd cuirassiers ­ 1st Dragoons - Lieut. Colonel Oraf von KANITZ.

2nd Cavalry Brigade. Commander: Brig. Qoneral Baron von KAPP-HfHK. 12th Uhlans ­ - Page 14. ­ 9th Mounted Jaeger* ­

41at Cavalry Brigade* Commander: Brig. General von HOFFMAN. 6th Cuirassiers. ­ 4th Uhlans. ­

Attached on August Slat - 2nd Jaeger 5n. XVII Army Corps.

6th Machine Oun Detachment,

3 Batteries (12 guns) from the l.nt Reserve Field Artillery.

Portress Boyen, Lotsen. Commander: Colonel BUS8E.

Deputy Corps Headquarters* I Army Corps - Konlgbberg. XVII Army Corps - gtenilg. XX Army Corps - Allenstoln.

3. Strength.

Organisation Bns. Squadrons Batteries I Army Corps. 24 8 32 (176 guns) XVII Army Corps. 24 8 28 (160 gunB) XX Army Corps. 26 8 26 (160 guns) I Reserve Corps. 26 t 16 (88 guns) 3rd Reserve Dlv. 12 3 6 (36 guns) 1st Landwehr Dlv.(no m.g. )1B 4 2 (12 guns) Field Units (Portresses). 6 1 4 (82 guns) 6th Landwehr Brigade. 6 3 2 (12 guns) 70th Landwehr Brigade. 6 U 2 (12 guns) Unit from Portress Shorn. 12 3 8 (38 guns) 1st Cavalry Division. .1 24 3 (12 guns) Portress Boyen. 4* 1 8 The above figures are compiled wholly from German records or authors.

- Page 15. ­ Army War College Analytical Studies give the following totals which oheok very olosely with those figures given above; 154 Battalions of Infantry Notes These 74 Squadrons of Cavalry figures do not 632 Light Guns (Artillery) Include those 104 Medium and Heavy Guns forces which were (Artillery) defending at 276 Maohlne Guns. Ronigfcberg during 30 Aeroplanes. August 20th ­ 31st. 2 Zeppelins,

On dohafer's map of the battle of Tannenberg the strength of the Oeraan forces defending East Prussia are given as: 160 Battalions of Infantry (183,850 men). 79 Squadrons of Cavalry (13,430 men). 658 (June (Artillery). 304 Maohine Guns.

Oerman Official Re oo I'd a vtute that the following German Forces took part in the battle of Tannenbergt 153 Battalions of Infantry (144,000 men). 58 Squadrons of Cavalry (9,000 men). 296 Maohlne Guns. 716 Ouns. The normal German Infantry Division had a strength of about 12,000 rifles, 24 maohine guns, 500 sabres and 72 field pieces (except the Landwehr Division which had only 36).

Ihe Oerman CtviOpy Division had a strength of about 1000 rifles, c Liuohlne gunr, 3,600 aabreo and 12 field pleoes.

• Page 16, ­ 4. Brief written sketches of the history and cheraoterletlee of the ranking German officers*

a. von 1866 - Entered military servloe and fought against Austria. 1870 - '71 - Fought In Franco-Prussian War* 1873 - '76 - Attended Krlegsakademle. 1892 - Promoted to Colonel of Infantry. 1895 - Promoted to Major General. In 1914 he was an Army Inapeotor with the rank of Colonel- Oenoral stationed at Danzig. At the outbreak of the war he was plaoed in oommand of the Eighth Army. Aooording to Klze, von Uoltke considered von Prittwltz unqualified for this assignment and had attempted to obtain von Frlttwits's relief, first from the Military Cabinet and then from von Falkenhayn but, the Cabinet re­ tused to change an Imperial decision and von Falkenhayn refused to support von Uoltke. Size states, "von Prlttwitz had been favored in his peace-time service, was impressive in appearance, oon­ soious to the highest degree of his self-importance, and at the same time was ruthless, coarse and self Indulgent.1* Colonel Hoffman cays, "von Prittwitz was known to me as a olever though somewhat harsh superior." His nlokname "der dioke aoldat" (the fat soldier) was not impressive.

b. von HINDKNBURO - born Ootober 2, 1847, a cousin of von Prittwltt. 1864 - Beoftue a cadet. 18C6 - Appointed Lieutenant and fought against Austria. 1870 - '71 - Fought against Franc©. 1873 - »76 - Attended the Krlegsnkademle. 1879 - look part In the first Fortress General staff Ride at Konlgsberg. - Page 17. ­ 1681 - '84 - Assigned to 1st Infantry Division at Konlgaberg. 1894 - Promoted to Colonel of Infantry. 1897 - Promoted to Major Oeneral. 1903 - Promoted to Lieutenant Oeneral. 1904 on - Commanded IV Corps. 1911 - Retired on his own request. 1914 - Called back into active service at hie own re­ quest and assigned to oomntand Eighth Army on August 22nd. von Klndenburg had the reputation of being a resolute leader of men. He was in good health and in excellent physical oondltion. He possessed a rugged strength of character that oame from simplicity, singleness of aim and an unquestioning religious faith. Churohill says, "After all he (von Hlndenburg) knew East Prussia. Mile by mile he knew it. ------Surely against the Russian hordes thero was something for Hln­ denburg to do." His solldness was the best setting for a man of Luden­ dorff1* type. The combination of personality and mind formed by the Hlndenburg-Ludendorff team was a formidable one. o. von LUDENDORFF. 1904 - 1913 - aervftd on the Oeneral Staff* From 1908 he was chief of the seotlon whioh planned the transportation, movement and concentration of troops* 1913 - Commanded the 39th Fusiliers. 1914 - Assigned to oomroand a brigade. On August 2tfnd he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Eighth Army. Ludendorff was a very painstaking officer possessing an active mind* He was n hard worker devoting himself en­ tirely to his profession* Ludendorff represented the

- Page 18. ­ Oerwan General Staff wifch all its merits and fallings. He believed In himself and the invinoibillty of the Ger­ man Army. He had a contempt for anything olvlllan and desired a military autooraoy. Oeneral Ironsides states that there is little doubt but that it was Ludendorff1s aotive brain which produced the various operations of the Oerman Eighth Army. Concerning the battle of Tannenberg, Colonel Hoffman was always anxious to give the honors to Ludendorff especially for planning the thrust at and through Usdau. Hoffman personally knew Ludendorff very well as they had been Oeneral Staff Officers together at Posen and from 1909 to 1913 they lived in the same house in Berlin, Although they had not known each other before, vor Hin­ denburg states that he and hla "new Chief of Staff were as one in our view of the situation" frora their* first meeting at Hanover on August 23rd. He further says, ttX myself have often oharaoterlzed ray relations with Oeneral Ludendorff as those of a happy marriage." Churchill says, "a Staff Officer - long Immersed in the inmost secrets of the Oeneral Staff and of the Impending war, a man whose opinions had been so strongly expressed that it had been thought expedient a year before to re­ move him from Berlin ------, Here surely was a man versed In every aspect of staff work, acquainted alike with Its lnrgest and smallest propositions----—. d. HOFFMAN. Born January 25, 1B69. 1898 - 8ent to Russia for six months to study. 1899 - 1903 - Served on the "Russian Seotion" of the Oerman Oeneral Staff. 1904 - »06 - Military Observer with the First Japanese Army during the Russo-Japanese War. 1912 - Assigned, upon mobilization, as 1st Oeneral Staff Officer (0-3) of the Kighth Army. Hoffman states

- Page 19. ­ that this employment was familiar to him as he had served as a Lieutenant and Company Commander (in addition to various appointments on the Gen­ eral Staff) in Kast Prussian and Posen for seven years. Hoffman was always a simple and consistent figure in his daily life, possessing presence of mind and a truly force­ ful spirit. In the field he spoke his mind fearlessly and unmistakable. He learned by listening, his quick insight enabling him to grasp the main point whioh his obedient memory retained for future use. His lightning power of judgement was one of his most outstanding char­ acteristics. In making a decision or a plan he always oonaidered the enemy from the standpoint of his psycholo­ gy, connections, origin and previous history. Ludendorff says, "My ohlef assistant in the East was Lieut. Colonel now Major General, Hoffman, an intellectual and progressive officer. My opinion of him as a soldier is best shown by the faot that I suggested him as my successor -—--—. In that position he Justified his seleotlon as brilliantly as he had when acting ac my senior staff officer.11

Hoffman states himself that he knew the Russian Army both theoretically and praotloally. "I had seen the Russians fight." Churohill says, "(Hoffman) was a remarkable man with a trained intelligence of the first order—----. His know­ ledge of hie profession was profound, and to it was added an outlook as wide as the war itself* No dearer brain or more disoorning eye could be found in the elite of the General Staff. His was the mind behind most of the German plans on the Eastern Front."

- page 20. ­ PART II - RUS8IAN.

1* Panera1 Organisation.

a. Corps. 2 Infantry Divisions. 2 6-gun batteries of Light Howitzers (4.8"). 3 Engineer Companies. 2 Telegraph Companies. Other Corps troops with some cavalry.

b. Infantry Division. / 4 regiments of 4 battalions eaoh.. 16 Bns. 32 machine guns. Artillery: 6 G-gun batteries (light field).. 48 pieces,

o. Cavalry Division. /_ tvd 4 regiments of 6 squadrons each 24 squadrons. 8 machine guns, Artillery: 2 6-gun batteries (light field).. 12 pieces, d, Rlf?e Brigade. 4 rifle regiments of 2 battalions eaoh.. 8 Bns. Artillery: 3 8-gun batteries 24 pieces.

2t Speoiflo Organisations and Personnel.

a. Northwest Group of Armies. Commandert Oeneral JILIKSKI. Chief of Staffi Oeneral OhANOVSKI.

b. Tlrst Array, (commonly called the Nieman Army). Commandort Oeneral PAUL RKNNBNKAMPF, Chief of Staff: Oeneral MILIANT. Seoond In Command: Qenoral .SMIRNOV,

III Corps. Commander: Oeneral EPANCHI.V.

- Page 21. ­ XV Corps. Commander: General ALIKV. XX Corps. Commander: General SHIRNOV. 5th Rifle Brigade. Commander: General 8CHRADBR. 1st Independent Cavalry Brigade. Commander: Oene*»al ORANOVSKI. 1st Guard Cavalry Division. Commandert Oeneral RASNAKOP. 2nd Guard Cavalry Division* Commander: General RAUKH. 1st Cavalry Division. Consnandert Oeneral OURKO. 2nd Cavalry Division. Commander: Oeneral NACHITSCHEWANSKI. 3rd Cavalry Division, Commander: General BELOARD. o. Seoond Army. Commander: General ALEXANDER VA3ILEVICH SAMSONOV. Chief of staff: General POSTOVSjn. General Staff: Colonel KRYMOV. Colonel VYALOV (0-3). Quarter-master General: Genoral PHILIMONOV.

I Corps. Commander: General ARTAMONOV superseded by General DUSHKBVICH on August 27th.

22nd Infantry Division. Commander: General DUSHKEVICH.

24th Infantry Division, Commander: General RESHIKOV.

VI Corps. ComuAnder: Oeneral BLAQOVKSHCHKKSKI. - Page 2kJ. ­ Chief of Staff: Colonel ZALKSKI (after August 87th).

4th Infantry Division* Commander: General XOMAROV. Chief of Staff: Colonel SERBINOVITCH.

16th Infantry Division (less 61st Vladimir Regiment). Commander: Oeneral RICHTEH. Staff: Colonel ENOKL. Captain PATRONOV.

XIII Corps. Commander: Oeneral KLVUEV. Chief of Staff! Oeneral PESTICF. General Staff: von FUCHS.

1st Infantry Division. Commander: Oeneral YORUMOV. 1st Nevski Infantry Regiment - Colonel PERVUSHIN. 2nd Sofia " " 3rd Narvskl " n 4th Koporskl " "

96th Infantry Division• Commander: Oeneral PRKJKNTBOV. 141st MojKiski Infantry Regiment. 142nd ZVBKIOORODSja " " 143rd Dorogohujekl w " 144th Kaahirski " n Colonel KAK* HOVSKI.

XV Corps. Commander: Oeneral VARTOS. Chief of Staff: Major General MACHUOOVSKI. Oeneral Staff: Colonel PANA3K. Captain FEDORUCHOV.

6th Infantry Division. Commander: Oeneral TORKLUS.

- Page S3. ­ 1st Brigade. Commander: Colonel N0VIT3KI, 21st Vuroraski Infantry Regiment. 31at Alexis " " Lieut. Col­ onel SUCHACHEFSKI.

8th Infantry Division. Commander: Oeneral Baron von FITTINOHOF. (Became XV Corps Commander after August 29th). 1st Brigade. 20th Chernigov Infantry Regiment - Colonel ALEXVKV. 50th Poltava Infantry Regiment.

Orenburg Cossack Regiment.

6th Artillery Brigade. Commander: Colonel JKLONDOVSKI.

XXIII Corps. Commander: Oeneral XONDRATOVICH.

2nd Guard Infantry Division. Commander: Oeneral MINOIN. 7th Reval Regiment (annihilated August 26th). Kstlyandskl n (suffered serious losses on same day).

3rd Ouard Infantry Division. Commander: Oeneral 3IRKLIUS. Litovski Ouard Regiment. Kexholmskl Regiment, 1st Rifle Brigade.

4th Cavalry Division (less 4th Novotroitskl-Kitaterinot* lavskl Dragoons until August 27th). Compandor: Oenernl TOLPIOO.

6th Cavalry Division. Compandor: Oeneral von KOPP. - Page 24. ­ 1st Brigade. Commander: General STKMPEL. Kegsholmskl Lifeguard Regiment,

15th Cavalry Division. Commander: Ooneral LJUOMIROV.

d. II Corps. (This Corps was assigned to the Second Army until August 22rid when it was transferred to the First Army.) Commander: General SCHKIDEUANN. Th^.s officer wns asoigned to command the Second Army after August 30th. 26th Infantry Division. Commander: Oeneral PAKETSXI.

43rd Infantry Division. Commander: Oeneral SLUSARKNKO.

3. Strength.

a. Pirst Army. Army War College Analytical Studies:,. 137 bns of Infantry. 152 squadrons of Cavalry• 412 Light Artillery gur*s. 70 Medium & Heavy Art'y guns, 314 Machine Chins,

Sohafer's maps 160 bns of Infantry. 154 squadrons of Cavalry. 048 Ouns (Artillery). 390 Machine Quns.

Lieut. Oen. Qolovlne gives;94 bns of Infantry. Motet This includes) 49 field batterlen. only those units )0 light howltzora batteries, which took part In ) 124 Squadrons. tho early operations).

- Page 25. ­ b. Second Aray. krm? War College* Analytloal 3tudle« .•.,. .162 bna. of Infantry. ?03 squadrons of Cavalry. 552 light guns (Artillery). 92 medium & heavy guns (Art'y). 302 machine guns. Negligible aviation. 819,200 men of which 68< were combatant troops*

Schafer's map: 176 bns. of Infantry. 100 squadrons of Cavalry. 612 guns (Artillery). 392 machine guns. 156,640 Infantrymen. 14,500 Cavalrymen.

Oolovlne gives the following figures: Organization. Bns. Btries. Lt.How. Btries. Sqs. I Corps. 32 12(96 gun*) 2 (12 guns) 7 VI Corps. 24| 12 (96 guns) 2 (12 guns) 2 XIII Corp3. 31 12 (06 guns) 2 (12 guns) 4 XV Corps. 28 12 (96 guns) 2 (12 guns) 6 XXIII Corps 15& 6 (4B guns) 2 (12 guns) 2 (2nd Div.). 4th Cavalry Dlv. 2 (12 guns) 18 6th Cavalry Div. 2 (12 guns) 24 16th Cavalry Dlv. 2 (12 guns) 24 Joined before end of fighting - 1st Hi fie Brig* and 3rd Ouard Inf. Division. 24 9 (72 guns) 2nd Heavy Field Artillery Orowp 3 (12 heavy guns) It is not known definitely whether or not this last unit took part in the fighting and if so where. . page 86. ­ General Ironsides gives the following distribution of Corps Cavalry squadrons: I Corps. 2 squadrons. VI Corps 8 " XIII Corps.... 6 " XV Corps 6 " XXIII Corps... 1 "

4. Brief written sketches of the history and characteristics of the ranking Russian officers.

a. JILIKSKI. Bor n1864. Served on staff of Vloeroy Alexieff in Russo-Japanese War. 1904 - Commanded a cavalry division in Poland. 1910 - '13 - Chief of the Russian General Staff. Took part in all negotiations with the French General Staff. 191«5 - Assigned to command Warsaw Military District. 1914 - Assigned to command Group of Armies on North- West Front. Jilinskl was an "official of the cut-and-dried type being more of an office soldier than a leader in the field." Be was generally unpopular and did not possess the con­ fidence of the army as a whole. It is apparent that he had no practical conception of the concentration and movement of large bodies of troops.

b. RENNENKAMPF. Born 1854. 1873 - Graduated from General Staff Academy and served on the Russian Oeneral Staff. 1900 - Promoted to Major General and commanded a column against China. 1904 - Command a Cossack Cavalry Division and finally a force of all arms in the Russo-Japanese War where he made a name for audaolty and speed.

- Page 27. :­ He was one of the few Russians who enhanced their reputations In the Manchurlan campaign. 1906 - 1913 - Commanded a corps. 1915 - Assigned to command Vilna Military District. 1014 - Assigned to oommand First Army. Both men and officers had confidence in Rennenkarapf•a powers of leadership. Opinion in Russia was divided as to whether he or Samsonov was the liner commander. Judging from his handling of the First Army, he appears to have deteriorated since the Russo-Japanese War, seeming to be unable to grasp the situation as a whole. u. SAMSONOV. Born 1859. 1877 - '78 - Served in war with Turney. 1884 - Oraduated from Oeneral Staff Academy and served on the Russian Oeneral Staff. 1896 - 1904 - Commanded the Cavalry School. 1902 - Promoted to Major General. 1904 - Commanded a cavalry brigade and a Siberian Cossack Division during the iiue8o-Japanese War. 1909 - 1914 - Governor General of Turkestan. 1914 - Assigned to command Second Army. At this time he was on sick leave and did not take over his command until August 12th. Samsonov was much liked and respected by all ranks and there was a general confidence in his military ability although he had never been regarded as brilliant. His assets weife his simple kindliness of character and the devotion of his men. Both physically and mentally he appears to have degenerated from the days of the Man- churl an War. d. Salrnov says, "Wie Russian generals were a whole generation behind the timea, so far as military know­ ledge was concerned, and were unable to grasp the con­ ditions necessary for moving successfully large bodies

28. ­ of troops In the field." Knox and Glehrl state that the "spirit of the offensive was opposed by th<* lethargy of the mass of the Russian officers who, although! not exactly lazy, were Inclined to neglect their duties and needed constant oversight. They hated dally drilling and training and In 1914 there were few really efflolent officers on the active list."

- Page 89. ­ SUOQESTED SCENES TO BK WRITTEN FOR

THE DRAMATIZATION OF

THB BATTLE OF TANNKNBERO,

- Page 30. ­ She following scenes are suggested to Indicate possible ones which may be written. !Jhere is no requirement that any or all of them be used, Others may be found which are just a a good if not better* Generally speaking any incident containing dramatic Interest which occurred during the battle may be expanded into a scene. If the inoident is Important historically in addition to con­ taining human interest, so much the better. Of course it must be suoh that it can be told in dialogue and by sound ef­ fects and slides.

The whole story of the battle must be told either in scenes or in the connecting narrative between the scenes. The scenes undoubtedly hold the interest of the listener to a greater degree so many scenes are desired if the story can be told smoothly in that way. Every effort must be made to make the scene historically correct in every detail. '*Vie characters must be made to speak consistent with their personal arid national characteristics, their training, their stations ii. life and their ages. Humor is much to be desired if it is in keeping with the scene and the characters. Within any one act, phraseology and verbiage should be consistent. 'Ihis will require some collaboration. If the total number of scenes to be written by any one group is about equally divided between the German and the Russian Armies, it is suggested that one member of the group write all the "usslcn scenes while another member writeu all the German scenes. Scenes may be combined by having one or two of the char­ acters narrate or report or discuss an inoident which occurred earlier in point of time than the one now being expanded into a scene. The scene should be built up to a dramatic climax whloh should occur near the end of it. It must be remembered that only one hour is allowed for the presentation of an act. This means careful pruning of the material and the selection of only the best scenes to tell the

- page 31. ­ story with the help of the connecting narrative. 2he laat scene of the "Operations of the Oeroan I Corps In Kast Prussia through the battle of Qumbinnen, August, 1914" is that taking place at the command post of the Oeraan Eighth Army In Nordenburg at 6i3O ^U, 20tb August, 1914 in which von Prlttwlts announces his decision to retire behind the Vistula. Our dramatisation must go on from that place and time.

- Page 32. ­ ACT I.

August 20th. •on Prlttwlts'a quarters in Nordenburg about 7:30 PM. von Prittwlts holds telephone convoraatlona with von M^ltke and later with XVII Corps and I Army Corps relative to the re­ tirement of the Eighth Army,

O.H.ii. In Coblens about 7i3O PM. von Moltke talks with von Prittwlts over the telephone about the retirement of the Eighth Army. He then discusses the situation with von Stein and Tappen and later tentatively decides to recommend the relief of von Prittwits to the Kaiser.

Command Post, Eighth Army, Mordenburg about 8tO0 PM, She formulation and Issue of the Army retirement order which was completed and Issued at 9s30 PM. The argumenta of von Waldersee, Hoffman atd Qrunert should be presented with von Prlttwlts finally agreeing to the order as Issued*

Command Post, Second Russian Army, Oatrolenka about 10:00 PM. Samsonov dictates his nightly report to Jlllnskl. With his staff lie then formulates and Issues his Directive Mo. 2.

August 21st. O.H.Q., Coblenz, about 9:00 AM. The Kaiser and von Moltke discuss the situation In East Prursla, At 9t30 AM von Prlttwlts Is called on the telephone and asked for details of his Intentions. Later he refuses von Stein's suggestions for resuming the offensive, von Moltke then makes his first suggestions to the Kaiser that von Prlttwlts and von Waldersee be relieved.

Command Post, Eighth Army, Bartensteln about 7*00 PM. Army orders for August 22nd are being written. Before von Pritt­ trits approves them he Is called to the telephone by von Stein and then talks to von Moltke about holding the line

- Page 33. ­ of the Vistula end about reinforcements. Later word cones In from the let Cavalry Division, von Prlttwits makes out his special report explaining his dooision to retire.

Command Post, Second Russian Army, Oetrolenka about IOIOO PM. Samsonov discusses his Directive No. 3 with his Chief of Staff.

August 22nd. O.H.q., Coblens about 9:50 AM. vou Moltke talks over the telephone with the commanders of the XX Corps, I Keserve Corps, XVII Corps and I Corps relative to the situation of each corps. He then sends for Ludendorff.

Command Post, Eighth Army, Huhlhausen, about 9*00 AM. Hell calls up Hoffman relative to the detraining point of the 34th Reserve Division*

Kq., Northwest Oroup of Armies, Volkovisk, about 0:30 AM. Jilinski orders transfer of the Russian II Corps to the First Army and then sends a telegram to Samsonov relative to Samsonov1s Directive No. 3.

Hindenburg's home, Hanover, at 3:00 PM. Hlndenburg receives the telegrams from the Kaiser.

Command Poit, Eighth Army, Nuhlhausen, about 4«0O PM. Hoffman calls up von Schmidta©ck and receives a mysterious reply. Xersten comes in with a telegram announcing the arrival of a special train*

O.H.Q., Coblene, 6:00 PU* Ludendorff reports to von Uoltke. Plans are discussed, Ludendorff telephones to von Francois, to Fortresses Thorn and Oraudenz and to other corps. He then goes In to see the Kaiser.

• Page 34. ­ August 23rd. Railroad Station, Hanover, at 3:00 AM. Ludendorff reports to Hlndenburg. They entrain and discuss the situation.

Command Post, Second Array, Ostrolenka, 9:00 AM. Samsonov sends out orders In the clear. He sends telegram to Jlllnekl requesting a change of front.

Hq., Northwest Oroup of Armies, Volkovlsk, about 1:00 PM. Jilln8kl sends a telegram to Samsonov and discusses the slowness of the Second Army with Oranovski.

Command Post, Eighth Army, Rifle Hall, Marlenburg, 2:00 PM. Hlndenburg and Ludendorff arrive. 'Hoffman and Ludendorff dleouss the situation. Hlndonburg Issues his first orders*

End of Act I.

It Is believed that, although the above does not complete the events of August 23rd, this act should end with the scene of the arrival of Hlndenburg and Ludendorff. The regime of von Prittwlt* and von Waldersee la definitely ended and the new commander takes over the Eighth Army.

- Page 36. ­ ACT II.

August 23rd. Command Post, Second Army, Oatrolenka, 7:50 PM. SamBOnov and his staff discuss and issue his Directive jfo. 4.

Command Post, Eighth Army, Rifle House, Marlenburg about 9:00 PU. von Hindenburg sends In hie evening report to G.H.Q.

August 24th. Command Post, XX Corps, Tannenberg at noon. Russian wire­ less message received and discussed together with one that had been received earlier, von Scholtz plans to withdraw to a new defensive position. Hindenburg arrives and agrees with the plan. Orders are issued.

Command Post, Second Army, Ostrolenka, about noon. Samsonov again telegraphs to Jilinski relative to change in line of operations. Jlllnskl's reply is received.

Command Post, Kighth Army, Rieaenburg about 8:00 PM. Re­ ports are received about Russian Cavalry on the south flank and the delay in the movement of the I (toman Corps. Hin­ denburg deoldee XX Corps must hold its present position. Ludendorff phones this decision to XX Corps. Information about Russian VI Corps is received. Decision is made to attack and orders are Issued. Ludendorff proposes the Usdau thrust. Hindenburg decides to see von Francois In the morning (August 26th).

August 25th. Command Post, Eighth Army, Riesenburg, 6:30 AM. Russian wireless message relative to movements of First Russian Army is received., Message from O.H.Q. relative to arrival of von der Ooltz'a division is received. Hindenburg leaves to see von Francois.

- Page 36. ­ August 26th (continued). Command Post, X Corps, hill southwest of *ontowo, 8:00 AM. Hlndenburgi Ludendorff and Hoffman arrive. Hindenburg issues oral attack orders x'or August 26th. von Francois objects. Uidendorff cuts hia off. Army personnel leave in motors. Hoffman stops at Railway Station, Montowo. Receives Russian wireless message sent in clear (Samsonov's pursuit order). Hoffman leaves in his motor and overtakes Hindenburg and gives him the message while both oars are moving.

Command Post, Second Army, Ostrolenka, about 9tOO AM. Fostovskl sends a long telegram to OranovaUl rt.latl.ve to delay and halt of the Second Army. Information of a Oer­ man concentration west of Usdau is received. Samoonov Issues orders to VI, XIII Corps and 4th Cav. Dlv. Jillnaki't reply to telegram about halt is received.

Command Post, northwest Group of Armies, Volkovisk, about 11x00 AM. Philimonov presents to Jillnskl a word picture of the danger to Sausonov's left and rear- Jilinski replies,

Command Post, Seoond Army, Ostrolenka, about 3:00 PM. Sam­ •onov sends telegram to VI Cvrps to move on Alienstein.

Command Pott, Eighth Army, Rlesenburg, about 8:00 PJI. Hindenburg and his itaTf issue orders for Aug. 26th.

Command Post, XVII Corps, Sohlppenbell, about 9:00 PM.- Mackensen and chief of staff of I Reserve Corps discuss plans for attack the following day.

Command Post, I Corps, Montowo, Midnight, von Francois talks over telephone with XX Corps. Learns that hasty at­ tack la not necessary. Receives written Army Order for attack the next d—. (He had issued no orders or warning orders as yet.) Issues his orders for Aug. 26th.

- Page 37. ­ August 26th. Command Poat, Second Army, Ostrolenka, before dawn. Forau­ lation of plan and Issue of operations orders for to-day. Staff influence Samsonov concerning direction of march of XV and XIII Corps.

Hallroad Station, Montowo, about 8:00 AM. Arrival of I Corps troops. Horsos and transport are unloaded. Officers and raen go forward in train to Tautschken amid Kusslan shell fire. (1st Bn., 3rd Orenadlers).

Command Post, XVII Corp*!, Lautern, about 8:40. Mackensen issues his orders for attack on Russian VI Corps. He receives information of enemy by telephone from I Reserve Corps.

Command Post, I Corpa, Uontowo, about 9jOO AM* Telephone conversation between von Francois and Eighth Army Staff relative to the time of the attack.

Command Post, Second Army, OstrolenkA, about 9:00 AM. Sam­ sonov is worried about his * Corps. He relnforoes it and sends a telegram to Artamonov. He again argues with his staff about the direction of maroh of the XV and XIII Corps,

Command Post, Eighth Amy, Lobau, 1:00 PM. Hindenburg learns of gap in Russian front and Issues orders to XX Corps to attack.

Officers Meas. Second Army, Neldenberg, 5:30 PM. Samsonov and staff at dinner. Left wheel of Second Army is desorlbed to Knox as la also the coming German attack on the I Corps.

von Hindenburg1a quarters, Lobau, about 8:30 PM. Hindenburg and Lude'dorff discuss tholr plans. Ludendorff has a case of "nerves" and is despondent. Hindenburg is firm.

Command Post, Eighth Army, Lobau, 9:30 PW. Tappen oalls Ludendorff concerning reinforcements for the Eighth Army. Hoffman listens in.

End of Act II.

- Page 38. ­ ACT III.

August 26th. Command Post, Eighth Amy, Lobau, 8:00 to 9:00 PM. Array Orders for August 27th are written and Issued.

August 27th. Command Post, Eighth Army, Lobau, 6:30 AM. Report is re­ ceived that Usdau has been captured. Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hoffman leave to go to Observation Post near Oilgenburg.

Observation Poat, southern end of Lake Damerau near Oilgenburg. 7:00 All. Hindenburg, Ludendorff and Hoffman arrive. It is seen that Usdau has not been captured. 11:16 AM. von Francois reports the danger to his right. 11:35 AM* Another report is received from von Francois about wheeling his corps to face south* Hindenburg agrees and Issues orders to the I Corps, During this time Army Hq. is worried and sends Captain Frantz to the 41st Division on two occasions to ask why they do not attack to assist the I Corps.

Command Post, Second Army, Ueidenburg, 8:00 AM. Colonel Panash calls Postovski on the telephone relative to assis­ tance from the XIII Corps. Postovski. replies.

Command Post, XIII Russian Corps, enroute to Alienstein, about 9:30 AM. A telegram is received from the XV Corps. Klyuev makes a deoision and starts to issue orders. Another telegram arrives from XV Corps. Klyuev Issues his orders.

Comaand Post, Second Army, Heidenburg, about 9:30 AM. Poiret, the Prenoh airman lands and reports information.

Command Poat, XX Corps, Tannenburg, 12:00 noon. Army order is received. False report about Russian capture of Ituhlen is received, von ScholtE issues orders.

- Page 69, ­ August 27th (continued). Command Post, I Reserve Corps, Wartenburg, 12:00 noon. Major Dresohel brings Army Orders, von Below requests XVII Corps to send detachment to Passenhelm. He Issues orders to I Reserve Corps.

Command Post, XVII Corps, Biachofsburg, 12:30 PU. Army orders Issued at 7:30 All are received. Maokensen orders pursuit.

Command Post, Elguth Army, Lobau, 1:00 PU. Hindonburg, Ludendorff and Hoffman arrive from the observation post. Report of rotreat to Hontowo coaos to Hoffman. He Issues orders. Captain Caeramerer is sent In car to verify report.

Coranand Post, XIII Russian Corps, Allensteln, 5:00 PU. Aviators with general staff officer land and render a report. Aviator is sent with message to the supposedly VI Corps. He does net return. Report is received from 36th Division about one of their scouts being fired on. llessage Is re­ ceived from nearest division of XV Corps. Klyuev sends a message back. He sends message to Samsonov about 'che non- arrival of the VI Corps.

Command Post, XV Corps, about 6:00 PU. Postovskl calls Martos on the phone and issues orders. Martos objects. Postovskl Insists. Vartos indicates a desire to be relieved,

Command Post, Eighth Army, Lobau, 6:45 PM. Army Orders for Aug. 28th are just completed and signed when a radio report and recommendations are received from I Reserve Corps. Orders are changed but one Important thing is omitted.

Command Post, Second Army, Neidenburg, 11:30 PM. Samsonov aetxl8 telegram to Jllinskl.

Command Post, Second Army, Neldenburg, 12:00 midnight. Samsonov Issues his orders for August 28th.

- Page 40. ­ August 27th (continued). Command Post, XVII Corps, Biaohofsburg, 11:00 PM. Chief of Staff of I Reserve Corps with Army Orders to attack enemy at Alienstein to-morrow. Mackensen objects. Major Dreschler arrives with an order. An agreement is reached and orders are issued.

August 28th. Crminand *ost, First Array, lnsterburg, about 4:00 AM. Rennenkampf receives message from Jilinski to assist Sec­ ond Army.

Command Post, Eighth Army, street in Progenau, 7:00 AM. Hindenturg and staff arrive. Comnnjcate with XX Corpo about attack of 41st Division. 8:00 AM* Wireless message is received about Russian XIII Corps* At the same time a Meport is received from von Francois. 0:30 AM. von Morgen reports the launching of his attack. Army headquarters is pleased. 9:00 AM. News of defeat of 41st Dl\lslon is received. P:10 AM, and 12:00 noon. Army orders I Corpo to support 41?t Division. 12:30 PM. Further news of 41st Divioion retreat Is received. 1:20 VV. Army ordors pursuit.

Command I'ost, Second Army, ^eidenburg, 7:16 AM. Ramsonov ropor»tB defeat of hia I Corps to ^lllnski. He sovers com­ munication with Jllin8ky and motors toward XV Corps with his staff. Knrouto they leave ours to look over the maps. Knr>x co:nos up and In told obout the situation.

Command Post, Second Army, Allendorf, 0:00 AM. Samsonov ropovts defeat of VJC Corps to Jilinski after receiving a from the VI Corps and replying to It. August 28th (continued). Command Post, I Reserve Corps, Wartenburg, 10:15 AM. Army ordera are received to change direction of march.

Command Post XVII Corpe, Wartenburg, 12j00 noon, von Below notifies Mackenson about change in direction of march and makes a proposal. Mackensen objects and ordors the I Re­ serve Corps off the road. He then orders his corps to halt end sends a staff officer by plane to the Army Hq. for instructions.

Command Post, I Corps, about 1:00 PM. von Francois receivos Array order to change direction toward Lahna and takes ac­ tion a la von Francois.

Command Post, Kighth Army, Progenau, 2i25 P?4. Captain Bartenwerfor arrives by plane from XVII Corps. Situation is explained and orders are given. Telephone cor.-wunloation is reestablished with XVII Corps and Hoffman gives orders over the phone,

Command Post, XVII Corpa, Wartenburg, 2tO5 PM. Maokensen receives Array ordors by telephone and issues his pursuit orders.

Command Post, XV Corps, hill east of Muhlen, 3j00 pw. SaTi8onov and his staff nrr.lve. Martos reconnonds retreat. Postovski persuades Samscnov to await arrival of XIII Oorpa. Brigade of XIII-Corps retreats. Saisonov sends orders to XIII Corps to advanoo. At dusk. Artlllory fire of XIII Corns is heard but XIII Corps cannot advance. A counoil of war Is held. Samsonov issues his retreat orders.

Marching column of I Reserve Corps at Klaukondorf enrouto to Stubbigotten, 4t00 PM. Dropped message from Army Hq. in received but la not transmitted at once to Corps Commander. August 28th (continued). Command Post, Eighth Army, Frogenau, 6:15 PM. von Ludendorff dictates the Army pursuit order.

Command Post, Eighth Array, Osterode, 9i30 PM. von Ludendorff sends in an optimistic report to O.H.14.

Corwwnd Post, Kighth Army, Osterode, 10:00 PM. Information from I Reserve Corpn is received. Orders arc Issued to it. Intercepted radio message is received relative to Rennen­ kumpf's movements. Tappen calls von Ludendorff on phone from O.H.Q. about reinforcements and Hoffman again listens in.

Command Post, Eighth Array, Osterode, 12:00 midnight, von Ludendorff sends another report to Q.H.Q. (not so opti­ mistic). Hlndenburg deoides to send part of 1st Cavalry Division to Ortelsburg. A Russian wireless message is intercepted confirming advance of First Russian Army.

Command Post, XIII Corps, 12tOO midnight. Retroat orders are roceived from a patrol. Klyuev Makes his decision.

End of Act III.

- Page 43. ­ ACT IV.

August 29th. Command Post, Eighth Array, Oaterode, 6:00 AM. Orders are sent to XVII Corps (believed to be in Wartenburg). A re­ port la received bade about the present location of the XVII Corps. Orders are issued to it. Ludendorff and Hoff* man make plans to get units available for use against Rennrnkampf and then leave for Hohonstein to untangle troops and issue orders.

Command Post, First Army, 7-00 AM. Rennenkampf receives orders from Jillnski to support Sarasonov and issue* orders to his cavalry.

Command Post, I Russian Corps, Mlava, 10«00 AM. Orders are received to advance on Neidenburg and plans are made.

Command Post, Pirat Army, 11:00 AM. Rennenkarapf rocelves word of Second Army's defeat and to cease to aid Samsonov.

Command Post, Second Army, Orlau, 11:00 AM. Samsonov issues his retirement orders. Chief of Staff of XIII Corps arrives at the Command Post. Tho orders are amended. Samsonov and his staff move out to go to Yanov.

Command Post, XIII Russian Corps, Kurken, 1:00 PH. Klyuev reoelves further retirement orders, makes his doelaion and issues his orders. At this moment his chief of staff ar­ rives back from Second Array Hq. with the Army Orders written at lljOO AM. Klyuev deoides to ignore them but changos his minri.

Command Poat, Eighth Army, Osterode, 7j00 PM. Reports are brought in about the Russian Cavnlry to the nortn. Ludendorff and Hoffman discuss tho dispositions that have beon •nade. Reports arp roooivod fcbout t)iv engage-rent at OrteIsburg.

44, ­ August 29th (continued). Command Pout, Eighth Army, Oster&de, 9:30 PM. Army Orders for to-morrow are drawn up and Issued at 10:00 ?U,

In woods near Willenburg, 11*00 PM* Sarasonov and 7 of his staff are wandering around In the dark, striking matches to look at their compass. Sarasonov makes a request of Postovskl.

August 30th. Edge of Forest at Karllnehof Farm (about 7 versts south­ west of Willenburg), 1:00 AM. Samsonov and his staff are resting, Samsonov wanders off. A shot Is heard. Finis. The staff continues on.

Command Post, I Qerman Corps, 6s30 AM. Aviators Canter and Mertens glvo von Franools information on Russian col­ umns approaohing from the south. It is apparently dis­ regarded (or, according to von Francois, he did not ao«» it until 9:30 AM.).

Market Place, Neldenburg, 9t30 AM. von Francois receives a dropped message from Hesse and Korner and issues oral orders.

Conmand Post, Kighth Army, Osterode, 10:00 AM. Army Hq. receives the some message from Hesse and Korner. Luden­ doi*ff makeB recom-nondations to Hindenburg. Orders are Issued.

Commnd Po&t, VI Kussian Corps, 11:00 AM. Orders ar*> re­ ceived from Jllinskl to attack Willenberg.

Command Post, I German Corps, near Qrogeredorf, isOO PV. von Conta sends in a report nbout numbor of prisoners he has captured. It is followed im^ftdiatoly by another simi­ lar report from Schmettau. Oonorul Martos is brought to von Francois nnd the lattor onrto«!vor8 to lnfluenco Vartos

- Page 46. ­ August 90th (continued). to send advise to the advancing Russian I Corps.

August 31st. Coanand Post, I German Corps, Oregersdorf, 8:00 AM. The Kaiser's deputy (Liaison Officer) arrives. Klyuev is brought in a prisonor. He is sent to Army Hq»

Command Post, Eighth Army, Osterode, 10:00 AM. Hindenburg sends in a special report to the Kaiser.

Command Post, Northwest Group of Armies, Volkovisk, 1:00 . PM. Ofillnski receives telegram from Postovski relative to death of S&msonov. He designates a new commander for the Second Army.

Russian Q.H.Q., 9:30 PM. Oeneral Laguiohe expresses his sympathy. The Orand Duke replies.

Knd of Act IV.

fend of the Dramatisation,

I repeat that the foregoing are only hints or suggestions from whloh certain ones may be selected and elaborated upon or they may be entirely disregarded and other Incidents chosen as a basis for your scenes. However, X think that the list au^osted above covers all the tnuin historical and dramatic scenes for which them is a-nple oource rnatorlul available. BIBLICORAPHY

1> BUCHAK, John A history of the Great War. (Boston, Houghton Mlff­ lln Co., 1928) 4 volumes. Volume 1.

2. CHUKCHILL, Winston S. The World Crisis - The Kastern Front. (London, Thorn­ ton Butterworth Ltd.)

3. EIOHTH Oerman Army War Diary and annexes thereto, August 6th - 31st, 1914.

4. Eine fllegonneldung aua rier schlacht bei Tannenberg. (An aerial report from the battle of Tannenberg.) Article from Milltar-Woehonblatt, Ootober 11, 1931. (RCML No. 43)

5. ELZE, Walter Tannenberg; das deutsohen hoer von 1914; seine grund­ zugw un deren auswirkung im sleg an der ostfront. (Tannenberg; The German Army of 1914. Its principles and their effeot in the victory on the Eastern Front.)

6. FRANCOIS, Hermann von Tannenberg, The Cannae of the World War. (Translation from the Oerman.)

7. OERMAN government archives. The World War, 1914 - 1918. Volume II, The liberation of East Prussia. Second Part, The operations In East Prussia under General von Prittwltr,. (Translated at tho Army War College, 1933.)

8. Oermeny Reichsardchlv. Schlnehten doe WeitKriegea. Bund 19: Tannonberg. (Translation from the Gorman, W.I.D., W.D.)

- Pnge 47, 9. OOLOVINE, Lieut. General Nichola sN, The Russian Campaign of 1914, The beginning of the War and operations in Kaet Prussia* (Translation by Captain A. Q. S. Munte, 0. 8. Indian Army.)

10. OIEHRL, Major Hermann Some light on Tannenberg from the Russian side. (Translated from the March, 1922 issue of Wissen und Wehr.)

11. HINDKNBURO, Paul von Out of my life. 2 volumes. Volume 1.

12. HOFFMAN, Max The war of lost opportunities.

13. HOFFMAN, Max Tannonbei'g wle es wirklloh war. (Tannenberg as it really was.) (Translation probably made at the Army War College.)

14. HOFFMAN, Major General Max War Diaries and other papers. Volume 1.

15. IRONSIDE, Sir Kdmond Tannenberg; the first thirty days in Kaat Prussia.

Id. IK0N3IDK3, Sir Edmond Operations of the Russian Second Army. (British Cavalry Journal April, 19iM> Volume 14.)

17. IKOliaiDKS, Sir Kdmond The lessons of the East Prussian Campaign. (Drltlsh Cavalry Journal, April, 1924, Volume 14.)

18. XNOX, Sir Alfred With the RusBian Army, 1914 - 1917j being chiefly extracts from the diary of a Military Attache. 2 volu'jos, Volume 1.

4H, • 19. LUDKtfDORFF, Oeneral Erich von Lufiendorffa own story, August 1914 - November 1918. 2 volumes. Volume 1.

20. MINO, Major Marcus A. A oritioal analysis of the battle of Tannenberg, August, 1914. (Individual Research Paper No. 39,1933.)

21. SCHAFKR Karte sur schlacht bei Tannonberg mit elnem Qeleitwort dea Generalfeldmarschalle v. Hindenburg. (Berlin: Reishamt fur Landesaufnahme, 19

SHIHNOH*1, Alexander A new light upon the invasion of East Prussia by the Russians in August, 1914. (Army quarterly, April, 1926. Volume 12.)

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