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Micropaleontología (Ostracodos Y Foraminíferos) Tesis de Posgrado Micropaleontología (Ostracodos y foraminíferos) y paleoecología del Cuaternario Tardío del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina Laprida, Cecilia 1997 Tesis presentada para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Laprida, Cecilia. (1997). Micropaleontología (Ostracodos y foraminíferos) y paleoecología del Cuaternario Tardío del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_2989_Laprida.pdf Cita tipo Chicago: Laprida, Cecilia. "Micropaleontología (Ostracodos y foraminíferos) y paleoecología del Cuaternario Tardío del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina". Tesis de Doctor. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 1997. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_2989_Laprida.pdf Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 Tesis 2989 eJ'.2 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y NATURALES DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS MICROPALEONTOLOGIA (OSTRACODOS Y FORAMINIFEROS) Y PALEOECOLOGIA DEL CUATERNARIO TARDIO DEL NORDESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES, REPUBLICA ARGENTINA TESIS PRESENTADA PARA OPTAR AL TITULO DE DOCTOR DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES VOLUMEN l AUTORA: CECILIA LAPRIDA DIRECTORA: DRA. ALVINE BERTELSM2 UR 9 ¿Hi 1997 ¿j (3/ A mi padre, Jorge Luis Laprida, por su ejemplo de honestidad y dedicación al trabajo A mi madre, Bilma Capovilla, por su ejemplo de tesón y fiierza en la búsqueda A mi hermana, Mariana Laprida, por su ternura incondicional A mis sobn'nas Daniela, Magali y Malena Salicrú, porque ellas representan el fiJturo A r ' i n Quisiera expresar mi agradecimiento a las siguientes personas: A la Prof. Dra. AlvineBertels, por su apoyo y consejo permanentes, y por haberme brindado la oportunidad de iniciarrne en la investigación micropaleontológica al compartir conmigo sus conocimientos y su inquebrantable voluntad de trabajo. Al Prof. Dr. Axel Bachman, Consejero de Estudios, por sus importantes sugerencias y reflexiones en lo concerniente a mi formación académica. A mis profesores y ayudantes -hoy compañeros- de la Cátedra de Paleontología del Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales: Prof. Dr. Horacio Camacho, Prof. Dra. Alvine Bertels, Prof. Dr. Carlos Azcuy, Prof. Dra. Ana Man'a Báez, Prof. Dra. María Beatriz Aguirre-Urreta, Prof. Dr. Norberto Malumián, Dr. Eduardo Ottone, Dra. Claudia Marsicano, Dra. Graciela García y Lic. Susana Adamonis, ya que fiieron los que impulsaron en mí el amor por la Paleontología; a Andrea Concheyro, Carolina Náñez, Graciela Parma, Mercedes di Pasquo, Gustavo Holfietz, Femanda Rodn'guez y Norma Susana Tramacera por su manifiesto compañerismo. A la Lic. Silvia Lanés, por sus valiosos comentarios y aportes profesionales, su calidez humana y amistad. A mis amigos Carolina Bentham, Hernán Aldana, Can'na Ferrari, Graciela Gopp, Carina Maguregui y Silvina Aliberti por su aliento permanente y su amistad irremplazable. A Dante Giménez (CITEFA), quien colaboró con el fotografiado del material; a Gabriel Adriano Rosa, porque siempre -siempre- puedo contar con él. A Leonardo Ruggero, Leandro Ruggero y Juan Manuel Echeverria, de Megaprint S.A., quienes colaboraron en la confección de las laminas. Finalmente, quisiera agradecer a la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en particular a los Departamentos de Ciencias Biológicas y Ciencias Geológicas, y al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas -CONICET- por brindarme la posibilidad de formarme profesional y académicamente, y a la Fundación FOSDIC quien, a través de su Programa de Becas Nacionales de Posgrado, contribuyó positivamente a la concresión de esta Tesis. Resumen. Micropaleontología (ostrácodos y foraminíl'eros)y paleoecología del Cuaternario del Nordeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina. Se estudian cualitativa y cuantitativamente las asociaciones micropaleontológicas recuperadas de afloramientos del Cuatemario de la cuenca del Salado y zonas aledañas. Los análisis cualitativos involucran la determinaciónsistemática de las asociaciones de ostrácodos y foraminíferos y, en algunos casos, su caracterizacióntafonómica. Los estudios cuantitativos comprenden diversos análisis de la riqueza y la diversidad de las asociaciones, la confección del Diagrama Triangular de Subórdenes para foraminíferos bentónicos y el Diagrama de Frecuencias Acumulativas, que refleja la estructura poblacional, en ostrácodos. En forma adicional, se realizó un Análisis de agrupamiento con el fin de confirmar los resultados obtenidos por métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los datos obtenidos, sumados a evidencias de campo, permiten caracterizar los paleoambientes marinos establecidos en el Nordeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante el Cuateman'o. Para la Formación Pascua (Pleistoceno medio) se propone un paleoambiente correspondiente a un sistema de islas de barrera/laguna costera asociado a un momento de mar alto. Para la Formación Destacamento Rio Salado (Pleistoceno superior?-Holoceno infen'or) se propone un paleoambiente correspondiente a un estuario parcialmente cerrado o bien una laguna costera, asociado al inicio de la transgresión representada por el Piso Platiano (= Querandinense de algunos autores). Para la Formación Las Escobas (Holoceno), se propone un paleoambiente complejo, relacionado con un sistema de islas de barrera/laguna costera, la edificación de cordones litorales y facies terminales pantanosas, correspondiendo a la fase regresiva del Piso Platiano. Palabras clave: Ostrácodos - Foraminíferos - Cuateman'o —Paleoecología - Paleoambientes marinos marginales y litorales - cuenca del Salado - provincia de Buenos Aires - Argentina. Abstract. Micropaleontology(ostracodes and foraminifers) and palaeoecology of Quatemary of northeastem Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Micropaleontologicalanalyses, both qualitative and quantitative combined with field data, provide the basis for a paleoecological study of Late Quatemary outcrops located at Salado basin, northeastem Buenos Aires province. Ostracoda and foraminiferal assemblages were taxonomically and some of them taphonomically characterized. Furtherrnore diversity, richness, Tn'angular Plot of Suborder of benthic foraminifers and age population structure in ostracodes were calculated. Additionally, clusters analyses were made so as to infer affinities and correlations. The Late Quatemary shallow marine sequences of Salado basin were palaeoenvironmentally characterized with microfossil contents and field data, such as litology and structures. Considering them we can suggest that Pascua Formation (Middle Pleistocene) is closely related with a barrier island/lagoon system associated with the pleistocene sea level rise. Destacamento Río Salado Formation (Upper Pleistocene?- Holocene) is associated with a partially-closed estuary or lagoonal estuary, which has a free connection with the open sea, and it represents the transgressive fase of the Platian Stage. Las Escobas Formation (Holocene) represents a high energy barn'er island/lagoon system, a mainland-attached bam'ers complex with mixohaline salinities on a wave-dominated coast and finallythe fillingphase of a lagoon, such as a marsh. It is related with the regresive fase of Platian Stage and active coastal progradation. Keywords: Ostracodes - Forarninifers- Late Quatemary - Palaeoecology - Shallow marine - marginal palaeoenvironments - Salado basin - Buenos Aires Province - Argentina IND] E VOLUMEN l: INTRODUCCION Y ANTECEDENTES INTRODUCCIÓN OBJETIVOS DE LA PRESENTE INVESTIGACIÓN I ÁREA DE ESTUDIO 5 Clima 5 Geografia 5 MATERIAL ESTUDIADO 6 CAPITULO PRIMERQ l. EL CUATERNARIO DE Q SJJENQA DEL SALADQ 1.1. LOS ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS: LA BUSQUEDA DE UN ESQUEMA ESTRATIGRAFICO 13 1.2.CUENCA DEL SALADO: ESQUEMA ESTRATIGRAFICO EN VIGENCIA .......... 23 1.2.1. FORMACION PASCUA (Fidalgo et aL, 1973) 24 1.2.2. FORMACION DESTACAMENTO RIO SALADO (Fidalgo et al., 1973)................... .. 27 1.2.3. FORMACION LAS ESCOBAS (Fidalgo et aL, 1973) 29 1.3. LOS ESQUEMAS CLIMATOESTRATIGRAFICOS PROPUESTOS PARA EL CUATERNARIO BONAERENSE 34 1.4.EL PALEOEUSTATISMO EN LA COSTA NORBONAERENSE .......................... .. 36 1.5. LOS ESTUDIOS PALEONTOLOGICOS: ANTECEDENTES Y PERSPECTIVAS 39 1.6.EL CUATERNARIO COMO SISTEMA MUNDIAL. ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS ...... 44 1.6.1.EL SISTEMA CUATERNARIO: ANTECEDENTES HISTÓRICOS ........................ .. 45 1.6.2. CRONOLOGÍA DEL CUATERNARIO 46 Límite Plioceno/ Pleistoceno. 49 Límite Pleistoceno/ Holoceno 56 1.6.3. LAS GLACIACIONES CUATERNARIAS: CONSIDERACIONES PALEOCLIMÁTICAS 57 Origen de las glaciacinnn 60 1.6.4. LAS VARIACIONES DE TEMPERATURA EN EL CUATERNARIO: SU ESTUDIO 61 Variaciones climáticas durante el
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