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Smaller Foraminifera from Guam

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Smaller Foraminifera from Guam Smaller Foraminifera From Guam GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 403-1 Smaller Foraminifera From Guam By RUTH TODD GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 403-1 Four hundred and fifty-three species, subspecies, and varieties (one species new) from upper Eocene, lower Oligocene, Miocene, and Recent deposits UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20420 - Price 75 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract _______ __ _____ ____________ 11 113 Introduction _________ _ _ ___ ___ __ ______ 1 23 Analyses of faunas ____ __ _ ___ ____________ 1 23 Eocene, Tertiary &___ __ ___ __ ___ ____ 1 33 --______-___ 3 34 ____________ 7 35 Recent __ _________ ____________ 12 Index 37 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 1-19 follow index] PLATE 1. Foraminifera from the Eocene of Guam. PLATE 13. Cassidulinidae and Rotaliidae from the Miocene 2. Planktonic Foraminifera from the Eocene of of Guam. Guam. 14. Planktonic Foraminifera from the Miocene of 3. Species of Globorotalia from the Eocene of Guam. Guam. 4. Benthonic Foraminifera from the Oligocene of 15. Cassidulinidae, Globigerinidae, and Globoro- Guam. taliidae from the Miocene of Guam. 5. Buliminidae from the Oligocene of Guam. 16. Species of Globorotalia from the Miocene of 6, 7. Benthonic Foraminifera from the Oligocene of Guam. Guam. 17. Hyperamminidae, Placopsilinidae, Valvulinidae, 8. Planktonic Foraminifera from the Oligocene of and Miliolidae from Recent sediments around Guam. Guam. 9, 10. Species of Globigerina from the Oligocene of Guam. 18. Lagenidae, Buliminidae, Elphidiidae, Discor- 11. Planktonic Foraminifera from the Oligocene of bidae, and Cassidulinidae from Recent sedi­ Guam. ments around Guam. 12. Benthonic Foraminifera from the Miocene of 19. Pegidiidae, Rotaliidae, and Anomalinidae from Guam. Recent sediments around Guam. Page FIGURE 1. Localities of Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene smaller Foraminifera studied from Guam-__________________ 18 2. Speculative correlations between planktonic Foraminifera zones, the European time scale, and the Indonesian letter classification.____________________________________________________________________________ 22 TABLES TABLES 1-3. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera Page 1. In the Eocene of Guam_ ___________________ 12 2. In the Oligocene of Guam__________________ 6 3. In the Miocene of Guam___________________ 11 4. Distribution of Recent Foraminifera around Guam. 14 III GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDS SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM GUAM By RUTH TODD ABSTRACT The several assemblages here discussed are compared Rich assemblages of smaller Foraminifera are tabulated from with those of comparable ages and ecology that have two samples representing the upper Eocene, four samples repre­ already been described from the nearby island of Sai­ senting the lower Oligocene, and seven samples representing the pan, about 120 miles north-northeast of Guam (Todd, Miocene; some of the species are illustrated. A late Eocene (Tertiary &) age for part of the Alutom Formation is supported 1957). Comparisons are also made with Recent and fos­ by the planktonic species of the f oraminif eral population. Abun­ sil assemblages described from several islands of the dant planktonic Foraminifera in the Mahlac Member of the Marshall Island group, particularly Eniwetok and Alutom Formation permit correlation of the Mahlac Member Bikini, respectively some 1,150 to 1,350 miles east of with the GloMgerina sellii zone of early Oligocene age, which Guam (Cushman and others, 1954; Todd and Post, was described from East Africa. The hiatus between Oligocene and Miocene is marked by a 1954; Todd and Low, 1960). major faunal change in which more than 40 percent of the I am grateful for helpful advice, discussions, and Oligocene assemblage became extinct. The Miocene assemblage suggestions received from many colleagues during the from the Janum Formation is similar in species and in paleo- course of my work. Doris Low worked with me and ecology to modern sediments around Guam. Although larger gave invaluable assistance in the preparation of the Foraminifera indicate a probable age of Tertiary g for part of the Janum Formation, the evidence of the planktonic Foraminifera material for study and the tabulation of results. The favors an age of Tertiary /. drawings are the work of Elinor Stromberg. Because the correlation of the planktonic Foraminifera zona- tion with the Oligocene-Miocene boundary and with the Euro­ ANALYSES OF FAUNAS pean time scale has been altered during the past decade, it is EOCENE, TERTIARY b necessary to correct two of the age assignments originally made. The Eocene is represented by only two samples: Ei 4-1 The Donni Sandstone Member of the Tagpochau Limestone of Saipan is now considered as approximately Tortonian (Ter­ and Jl 2-1. In both these samples from the Alutom tiary /) and the Globifferinatella insweta/Globigerinoicles M- Formation of late Eocene and Oligocene age, planktonic spherica zone on Saipan and Yap is considered as early Miocene specimens are noticeably predominant, and the ben- (Aquitanian and Tertiary e). Correlation of the Janum Forma­ thonic specimens, although comprising a larger number tion is based chiefly on GloMgerina nepenthes, and the age of of species, are few. Because of this predominance of the Janum is estimated to be slightly younger than that of the Donni, but still approximately Tortonian in part. the planktonic element, both samples are interpreted as Study of species from beaches, reefs, lagoons, channels, and relatively deep water deposits, such as are currently outer slopes around Guam provides a basis for paleoecologic being deposited on the outer slopes of Guam. interpretation of moderately deep outer-slope deposition in the The interpretation of the age of the foraminiferal three formations studied. assemblage is based upon several considerations. First, INTRODUCTION the two most abundant planktonic species, Globorotalia, This paper records the assemblages and illustrates centralis Cushman and Bermudez and Globigerapsis some of the species of smaller Foraminifera character­ index (Finlay), indicate middle or upper Eocene (Bolli, 195Tc, text fig. 26 [range chart]). istic of three different ages of sedimentary rocks on Second, both samples contain rare specimens of the Guam: late Eocene (Tertiary 6) in the Alutom Forma­ Eocene genus Hantkenina. Sample Ei 4-1 contains tion, early Oligocene (Tertiary c) in the Mahlac Mem­ Hantkenina alabamensis Cushman, and in sample Jl 2-1, ber of the Alutom Formation, and Miocene (Tertiary both H. alabamensis and H. inflata Howe are present. f or g) in the Janum Formation. The Foraminifera Both of these species are reported in the upper Eocene, found in the beach sands, on the reefs, in the lagoons and H, alabamensis is reported to range also into the and channels, and on the outer slopes around Guam, middle Eocene, at least sporadically (Thalmann, 1942, are also recorded. table 1). II 12 GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OF GUAM, MARIANA ISLANDS Third, several other planktonic forms from these Significant benthonic Foraminifera in the Eocene samples of two samples, all rare, also have restricted ranges, as the Alutom Formation Continued Species Reported occurrences elsewhere follows: GloborotaHa spinulosa Cushman and G. spinu- *Nwttallidcs frumpy i (Nut- Paleocene and Eocene of mid-Pacific loinflata (Bandy) are both reported (Bolli, 1957c, text tall). Mountains; Eocene, Guayabal Formation of Mexico; Eocene of fig. 26 [range chart]) to be confined to the middle Trinidad, Haiti, and Barbados; Eocene. Globorotalia wilcvxensis Cushman and Ponton Oligocene of Cuba; Oligocene of the Apennines; Eocene of Czecho­ is reported (Bolli, 1957a, text fig. 11 [range chart]) to slovakia ; Tertiary of the Cau­ be restricted to the lowermost Eocene. Still other plank- casus ; Paleocene and Danian of the Crimea; Eocene of New tonic species, also rare, are less narrowly restricted but Zealand. do include the Eocene within their ranges. They are Pleurostomella cubensis Eocene of Cuba; Eocene and Oligo­ Cushman and Bermudez. cene of Trinidad ; Eocene of Mis­ Globigerina pera Todd and G. yeguaensis Weinzierl and sissippi ; Eocene in submarine core off northeastern United Applin, which range from middle Eocene to but not into States; Eocene of central Seran the Chattian, Globigerina gortanii (Borsetti), which Indonesia. ranges from upper Eocene to but not into the Chattian The remaining benthonic species are either wider (Eames and others, 1962, text fig. 20 [range chart]), ranging or are too poorly preserved to be identified and Globigerina venezuelana Hedberg, which ranges with certainty. A few, such as Oridorsalis umbonatus from middle Eocene upward throughout the Oligocene (Reuss) and Osangularla cutter (Parker and Jones), and Miocene (Bolli, 1957b; 1957c, text figs. 18,26 [range appear to have ranges extending from Eocene to Eecent. charts]). Table 1 gives the species found in the two Eocene sam­ ples of the Alutom Formation. In spite of the apparent restriction of a few of the rarer Eocene planktonic species to middle and lower TABLE 1. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in the Eocene of Eocene, I believe the age of these two samples from Guam the Alutom Formation can be best interpreted as late Localities Species Eocene. Ei 4-1
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