6376 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma'rch 12, 1975 By Mr. MORGAN (for himself, Mr. PETITIONS, ETC. H.R. 25 CONABLE, Mr. JACOBS, and Mr. MoL­ By Mr. McKAY: LOHAN): Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Page 294, line 22, after the word "forest" H. Res. 301. Resolution expressing the sense and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk insert "where the present use or value of the of the House of Representatives with re­ and referred as follows: area to be surface mined is primarily re­ spect to the missing in action in Southeast 66. By the SPEAKER: Petition of a joint lated to timber or recreation at the effective Asia and the Paris Agreement; to the Com­ session of the Senate and House of Repre­ date of this Act, but nothing contained in mittee on Foreign Affairs. sentatives of the Khmer Republic, relative this paragraph shall be construed to other­ By Mrs. SULLIVAN (for herself, Mr. to U.S. aid to the Khmer Republic; to the wise limit the Secretary of Agriculture from FLOOD, Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT, Mr. Committee on Foreign Affairs. MooRE, and Mr. WoLFF): designating such lands as unsuitable in whole H. Res. 302. Resolution in support of con­ 57. Also, petition of the city council, Val­ or part under the provision of section 522 (b) , tinued undiluted U.S. sovereignty and ju­ lejo, Calif., relative to cable television sports and excepting further". risdiction over the U.S.-owned Canal Zone on programing; to the Committee on Interstate H.R. 25 and Foreign Commerce. the Isthmus of Panama; to the Committee on By Mr. MAZZOLI: Foreign Affairs. 58. Also, petition of Dollie M. Powell, New Page 180, strike out line 21 and all that By Mr. WAGGONNER (for himself, Orleans, La., relative to redress of grievances; follows down through "a program" in line Mr. MOORE, and Mr. STUCKEY): to the Committee on the Judiciary. 22 and insert in lieu thereof "this title a H. Res. 303. Resolution in support of con­ 59. Also, petition of the Chamber of Com­ program." tinued undiluted U.S. sovereignty and ju­ merce, Fort Stockton, Tex., relative to ad­ Page 180, strike out line 24 and all that risdiction over the U.S.-owned Canal Zone on journment of Congress for a minimum of 4 follows down through "department" on the Isthmus of Panama; to the Committee on months each year; to the Committee on page 181, line 1 and insert in lieu thereof Poreign Afi'airs. Rules. "program subsequent to the enactment of this title and which program." PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Page 181, beginning in line 4, strike out AMENDMENTS "school" and all that follows down through Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private "conducting a" in line 5. Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, :Pro­ bills and resolutions were introduced and posed amendments were submitted as Page 181, strike out line 7 and all that severally referred as follows: follows down through line 9, and insert in follows: lieu thereof "traction wherein curricula suf­ By Mr. ADAMS: H.R. 25 H.R. 4823. A blll for the relief of D. Eugene ficient to prepare a student for a career in Hokanson; to the Committee on the Judi­ By Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota: mining education, mining research, or min­ ciary. Page 194, line 14, after the word "or" strike ing industry are being carried out and By Mr. GIBBONS: out "10" and insert "5". wherein sufficient facu1ty and students par­ H.R. 4824. A b111 for the relief of T. Sgt. Page 194, line 15, after the word "less" ticipate to carry out research supported by Elmo M. Miller, U.S. Air Force; to the Com::. strike out the period, and insert a comma the funds authorized by this title." mittee on the Judiciary. and add the following words: "except that Page 181, beginning in line 21, strike out H.R. 4825. A bill for the relief of M. Sgt. this reclamation .fee shall not apply to lignite George C. Lee, U.S. Air Force; to the Com­ "school" and all that follows down through coal." "conducting a" in line 22. mittee on the Judiciary. Page 195, line 5, after the word "funds" H.R. 4826. A bill for the relief of Lt. Col. stril{e ·out "Fifty," and insert "One Hun­ H.R. 25 Frank A. Moorhead; to the Committee on dred". By Mr. RISENHOOVER: the Judiciary. Page 195, after line 14, add the follow:ing Page 52, line 12, after "Act." insert "Noth­ By Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT: new subsection to section 401: ing in this Act shall be applicable to the H.R. 4827. A bill for the relief of Bobby R. "(f) All operators of coal mining operations States of Kentucky, Indiana, Maryland, Prince; to the Committee on the Judiciary. North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, By Mr. KEMP: subject to the provisions of this Act may credit against the reclamation fee imposed by South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Vir­ H.R. 4828. A blll for the relief of Mrs. ginia, which have heretofore joined togeth­ Eleanor D. Morgan; to the Committee on the section 401 (d), the amount of a reclamation fee paid by him to any State or political sub­ er in the Interstate Mining Compact or any Judiciary. other state who joins the Interstate Mining By Mr. ROSE: division for the comparable reclamation or Compact as long as such States have in force H.R. 4829. A bill for the relief of Leah conservation activities provided for by this Maureen Anderson; to the Committee on title that are conducted by the State or po­ and effect a "Mining Lands Reclamation the Judiciary. litical subdivision." Act."

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

AID FOR OUR POLICE nothing to create the problems of drug We in the Congress should be the first addiction, gang thefts, or civil unrest to come to the aid of our policemen. We and dissension, yet our policeman is al­ know that the law enforcement profes­ HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO ways there to pursue the criminals, right sion needs more money and higher sal­ OF ILLINOIS the wrongs, and maintain order. aries as well as increased benefits, both IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These all-important . operations that to raise morale and encourage other Tuesday, March 11, 1975 our law enforcement officials perform are well-qualified men to continue to join not always fully appreciated. Actually, a this essential vocation. Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, the law enforcement officer is often the onlY I have sponsored three bills this session Federal Bureau of Investigation recently visible symbol of authority that the that I feel would go a long way to make published its preliminary crime statistics average citizen constantly sees. And the plight of our policemen a little easier for the first 9 month-; of 1974. Unfortu­ when a frustrated individual seeks to to bear. nately, the statistics confirmed our worst revenge himself upon society for real or H.R. 189, the Public Safety Officers fears; major crime increased 16 percent imagined wrongs, all too often it is the Benefits Act of 1975, would provide im­ over a similar period in 1973. portant benefits to the survivors of our To a victim of crime, statistics that policemen and other law enforcement officials who become the victims. Just valiant policemen and public safety offi­ show it is happening to the other guy as cers. well are of little consolation. Now, more last year alone, there were 132 deaths of This bill, in establishing a group life than ever, we have to depend upon our policemen killed in the line of duty, and and accident insurance policy for public law enforcement officials to fight the tens of thousands more victims of beat­ safety officers, would provide a $50,000 surging rate of crime. ings and assaults. gratuity to the survivors of law enforce­ The job of a law enforcement officer, As I said, a policeman represents the ment officers. It is designed to meet the from the policeman walking the beat in law. Because people so often resent au­ immediate financial needs of a police­ our parks to our patrolman insuring thority, more and more often a law en­ man's dependents, and could provide up thoroughfare safety, is one of the most forcement official is met with a cool atti­ to $3,000 in interim emergency benefit difficult in our society. He must con­ tude from the very people he seeks to payments if it is found necessary to as­ stantly be on guard to protect a society protect, when he so desperately needs sist a family through this difficult and from its own ills and conflicts. He did their support in the community. trying time. I would like to add that this March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6377 bill covers professional and volunteer LEST WE FORGET-TESTIMONY OF Because of this you must not fo1·get the firemen. Moreover, H.R. 189 also extends A SOVIET PRISONER OF CON­ scores of Jews who are in labor camps and the three million who are in a similar situa­ these important benefits to deaths re­ SCIENCE tion, though their camp is larger. And this sulting from injuries sustained on ol camp also has borders-the state borders of after October 11, 1972. the USSR. Since both the House and the Senate HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM In the "camps" each additional day is have overwhelmingly approved these OF NEW YORK grave. I ask that your struggle for the free­ same gratuity benefits for the last two IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dom of emigration must be continued and Congresses, it seems only fitting and intensified. equitable to provide coverage for sur­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 vivors of our unfortunate slain officers Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, for subsequent to the time the legislative some time now I have been deeply con­ HEALTH CARE intent was clear. cerned about the plight of Soviet Jews I am hoping to see early action on who have been harassed and imprisoned HON. TIM LEE CARTER this bill in the House as well as in the by Soviet authorities simply because they OF KENTUCKY Senate. After all, when it is felt that sought to exercise the basic human right the major causes of death confronting to live in the country of their choice. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES law enforcement officials often result Last year, I adopted a Soviet prisoner Wednesday, March 12, 1975 from their exposure to criminals, then of conscienee, Boris Azernikov, a 28- Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ our public safety officers need all the year-old dentist whom the Soviet Gov­ tion's unemployment is now estimated at protection and insurance we can afford ernment sentenced to 3¥2 years' impris­ 8.2 percent of our working force. them. onment in a strict-regime labor camp on As if that were not bad enough, we are I have also sponsored H.R. 188-legis­ charges of anti-Soviet propaganda and still in the grip of inflation and fighting lation that would provide reimburse­ anti-Soviet organization simply for seek­ to bolster a sagging economy. ment of court costs for legal actions in­ ing to emigrate to Israel with his father, Yet, none of the figures are very help­ volving law enforcement officers. Spe­ mother, and sister. During the ensuing ful to us when we seek to measure the cifically, H.R. 188 would authorize the months, I was in touch with Boris and impact of these events on the human Attorney General to make grants to cer­ his family, the commandant of the camp beings involved: The workers who are tain law enforcement officers in reim­ where Boris was imprisoned, and the out of work, and their families. bursement for court costs when the offi­ Procurator General of the Soviet Union. These are massive problems, complex cer is a defendent m a suit arising from I am pleased to report that Boris has problems. I do not claim to have solu­ performance of official duties. been freed, after serving 3 years and 3 tions for them. However, I do feel that Sometimes our police are charged with months of his 3lf2-year sentence. On the bill I am introducing today addresses gross negligence or harassment through March 5, Boris arrived in Israel, finally itself to one part of one problem: no fault of their own. If a policeman has to taste the freedom for which he has What to do about health insurance for to defend himself in court for actions so dearly paid. I am sure my colleagues the 7% million Americans who are now he had to take while performing his join me in wishing him a happy and out of work. duty, it is often at a great financial risk. peaceful life with his family. While the economists ponder, a proc­ Our police cannot afford_ many of the Shortly after his release from prison, ess not notable for its production of quick basic necessities of life let alone a costly Boris issued a statement describing the proposals or rapid solutions, these peo­ lawsuit. As our policemen protect us, harsh conditions which Soviet Jewry ple need help. They need it as rapidly as we need to protect them too. must endure and calling upon all of us this Congress can bring it to them. Finally, the third bill I have sponsored to continue the struggle on behalf of It is bad enough to be unemployed. It to aid our law enforcement officers con­ those who are still "prisoners of con­ is terrifying to be unemployed and sit, cerns itself directly with our protection science." I insert his statement in the with fingers crossed, hoping against of these brave men. H.R. 1654, a bill to RECORD at this point, as an eloquent re­ hope that an illness will not strike one's create a law enforcement officer's Bill minder to all of us that emigration re­ self, or a member of one's family, be­ of Rights, would provide our policemen mains a hard-to-win right in the Soviet cause the health insurance has lapsed. many of the basic rights that our other Union: There is another aspect to the matter: citizens now take for granted. H.R. 1654 COMPLETE TEXT OF STATEMENT BY FORMER Some of our health care institutions are would insure the right of a police officer PRISONER OF CONSCIENCE BORIS AZERNIKOV very close to financial jeopardy; and pri­ to engage in political activity during his WRIT~EN IN THE SOVIET UNION ON SUNDAY, vate health insurance plans, faced with off-duty time, as well as guaranteeing FEBRUARY 16, 1975 substantial losses in membership, are police officers the same civil rights en­ Today, I am in my sixth day of freedom slowly reaching the point where they are joyed by all other citizens. Moreover, it [i.e. out of prison]. But to my great surprise less able to spread the risk and find their would set up a panel to hear the griev­ I have realized that the life of a common premium structures inadequate to the ances of police officers who claim their citizen differs not so much from life of a responsibilities they have assumed. civil rights have been violated, and fi­ prisoner. I have changed one strict regime The need, Mr. Speaker, is to figure out nally, it would deny Law Enforcement for another strict regime. I have no feeling of real freedom. Here is the list of "recom­ some method for continuing health cov­ Assistance Administration funds to any mendations" given me by the KGB, not to erage for the unemployed worker and his community that did not conform to the go to any other ci:ty but Moscow. In Moscow, family; and to do it without disrupting provisions of this bill in its locality. I must go only to the official org.ani~rutions the health delivery system. I believe all would agree that these and after fulfilling the formalities, I must For the most part, the majority of are not unfair requests for a policeman return to Leningrad. In Leningrad I have no American families-under more normal to ask from society, and yet these very right to visit my friends and refuseniks. circumstances-are covered by em­ rights are often cruelly denied our po­ That all means that I cannot visit the city of ployer-employee health insurance licemen throughout this country. Kalinin where my grandfather's grave is; I cannot visit Riga where the mother of my policies. If things were as they should be, we best friend Boris Penson, who is still in camp, My bill proposes that we institute a would not have to pass legislation like lives and it means I am completely alone, temporary program which would, dur­ these b1lls at· all. We in the Congress as it was in camp. During these three and ing the period of unemployment, con­ should be the first to support the out­ a half years I have lost 20 kilograms-forty­ tinue the worker's insurance coverage standing job our policemen do across four pounds. We were sent to the camps for himself and his family. The method the Nation. The passage of H.R. 188, because of our struggle for free Jewish emi­ I advocate is to build upon our existing H.R. 189, and H.R. 1654 would draw at­ gration. But when I left the camp and came to Leningrad I suddenly realized that noth­ unemployment compensation system. tention to these fundamental rights for ing has changed in principle. Thousands of There is, within that system, a work­ our policemen, and can serve as a fur­ Jews must still struggle for their natural ing mechanism for identifying eligible ther bridge of understanding between right-the right to emigrate. These goals for claimants and for determining the pe­ our law enforcement officers and the Which we have struggled and for which we riod of their eligibility for compensation countrymen they try to protect. were imprisoned have not been achieved. benefits. The State agencies which ad- 6378 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 minister unemployment compensation section of this Act befQre January 1, 1976, or TOWARD ECONOMIC RECOVERY can logically and easily administer the after the close of December 31, 1976. AND ENERGY CONSERVATION program. The cost would be funded from general revenues of the Federal Government, HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL with the premiums paid on the basis of UNITED CHURCH BOARD OF WORLD MINISTRIES STOCKHOLDER PRO­ OF NEW YORK certification of entitlement by the State IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unemployment compensation agencies. POSAL ON SOUTH AFRICA The measure I suggest would not only l?'ednesday, March 12, 1975 cc,ver the costs of hospital -care but of Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the medical care as well. HON. ANDREW YOUNG 94th Congress has convened in the midst As many of my colleagues know, Mr. OF GEORGIA of the most serious economic crisis since Speaker, I am myself a physician. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Great Depression. The cost of living I am proud that this measure, which I Wednesday, March 12, 1975 is increasing in excess of 12 percent a have the honor of introducing, reflects year, resulting in a decline in real pur­ Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, chasing power and our standard of liv­ the thinking of the medical profession I wish to bring to the attention of my and of organized medicine itself. ing. Unemployment is over 8 percent na­ colleagues a shareholder resolution re­ tionally-and higher in major labor mar­ I urge my colleagues to consider this cently filed with the Southern Co. by the proposal carefully and to remember that kets-and some are predicting it will go United Church Board of World Minis­ to 10 percent. Economic indicators re­ the need for such legislation is tries. immediate. veal unusual softness in the economy and Concerning the apartheid practices of portend continuing difficulties. South Africa, this stockholder action Despite President Ford's feeble charges demonstrates a commitment on the part of a "do-nothing Congress," I believe that SHRINE OF DEMOCRACY ON CUR­ of religious institutions to demand cor­ RENCY AS BICENTENNIAL TRIBUTE the 94th Congress has an unusual sense porate responsibility. If investors are of urgency and is responding to the pub­ alert to their company's practices, then lic demand for action. The Congress is HON. JAMES ABDNOR American business involvement in South an unwieldy institution, composed of 535 OF SOUTH DAKOTA Africa will reflect a perspective of con­ Members representing a vast diversity of IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES cern for progressive change. interests and opinions. Yet, we are on Wednesday, March 12, 1975 The United Church Board has over our way to developing a coherent and 6,000 shares of the Southern Co. in its timely program to deal with recession, Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, today I stock portfolio worth in excess of $60,000 unemployment, and our energy problems. am introducing legislation providing for and is in a position to challenge practices Already, the House has passed a $21.1 the issuance of $2 bills bearing the like­ which benefit shareholders at the ex­ billion tax rebate and reduction program ness of Mount Rushmore National pense of workers in South Africa and the which will· provide immediate relief for Memorial during 1976. I cannot think of United States. middle- and lower-income taxpayers and a more appropriate time than our Bicen­ The resolution follows: stimulate the economy. This legislation tennial year to include the Shrine of STOCKHOLDER PROPOSAL also provides for an immediate end to Democracy on our Nation's currency. Resolved, that the stockholders of The the costliest special interest tax loop­ Our magnificent mountain memorial Southern Company request that the BoaJ:d hole-the oil depletion allowance. The carved by Gutzon Borglum in the Black of Directors establish a Southern System President's efforts to emasculate the food Hills of my home State of South Dakota, Companies policy which would prohibit the stamp program have been thwarted. Both inspires millions of visitors each year. purchase of coal from the Republic of South Houses approved legislation to suspend Africa as long as the government of that Mr. Ford's oil tariff increases which This shrine, bearing the likenesses of country maintains racially discriminatory George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, employment policies and practices through would have added $50 to $60 billion an­ Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lin­ apartheid laws and regulations. nually to our inflationary spiral without coln, has been designated by the Ameri­ offering much promise for meaningful re­ SUPPORTING STATEMENT ductions in energy consumption. Demo­ can Revolution Bicentennial Commission We commend m:..nagement 's stat em ent to as one of the Nation's focal points for t he 1974 Stockholder's Meeting that The cratic Task Forces in both bodies have the 200th anniversary celebration of our Southern Company is "committed to com­ proposed alternatives to the administra­ country. pliance with the provisions of the equal em­ tion's economic anC. energy plans and Similar legislation to the bill I am in­ ployment opportunity laws" and maintains have set target dates for completing leg­ troducing today has been introduced in Affirmative Action Programs • .. designed islative action. to ensure non-discrimination, not only in The congressional alternative to the previous sessions of the Congress. While hiring and promotion, but in all oth er areas some support was generated for the con­ President's program is designed to of the business as well. achieve economic recovery and energy cept- there was never enough enthusiasm In an action morally incompatible wit h to secure passage. these principles, the Company has now en­ conservation without increasing inflation Including this reminder of our Na­ tered into a $47,000,000 contract importing or creating inequities. Top priority is tion's heritage of freedom on our Nation's 2¥2 million tons of coal from South African given to economic recovery rather than currency is a concept more valid than companies. Under ultra-segregationist prac­ drastic and arbitrary short run energy tices, this coal is produced through the "con­ reduction t argets. The Ford energy pro­ ever before. It is truly an idea whose time tract labor" of Black miners who average $30 has come. gram, which relies on inflationary price monthly, less than ~ of the wages of the increases for both imported and domes­ The text of the bill follows : White miners placed over them. While the latter have subsidized family housin g, most tic fuel oil, would cost already hard­ H.R. 4733 pressed consumers approximatley $50 A bill to provide for the issuance during 1976 Black miners are compelled to leave their of two-dollar bills bearing the likeness of familles behind on reservat ions during their billion in higher prices and increase un­ Mount Rushmore National Memorial year-long contracts. Regardless of ability, empl:oyment. The congressional program they are relegated to bottom-bracket jobs. By Be it enacted by the Senate and House oj substitutes quotas and a gradual gas tax South African law, no Black miner can su­ Representatives of the United States oj to decrease energy consumption and pre­ Amer ica in Congress assembled, That the pervise a White or belong to a recognized vent across-the-board consumer cost Secretary of the Treasury shall issue, in such trade union. Forbidden citizenship and the increases, high industry profits, and form and design as he deems appropriate, vote in South Africa, Blacks have few nor­ damage to the environment. mal means to improve their lot. United States currency in the denomination In my view, stimulating the economy of two dollars and bearing the likeness of The Southern Company should stop forc­ Mount Rushmore National Memorial. ing free American miners to compete with and getting people back to work is of SEc. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury shall coal produced by South Africa's oppressed prime importance. Toward this end, the not Issue currency authorized by the first and drastically u n derpaid laborers. House leadership has announced plans

'I>' ' ·M·arch 1.2, 1915 ·EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6379 to·speed up appropriations for job-creat­ eonnecting equipment wherever possible. -munication is essential to the existence of a ing projects and programs throughout Senator, the law to reduce · the speed limit democratic society. (For those of a political to 55 mph did more for safety and to con­ persuasion other than mine, I would em­ the Government. . serve energy than all of the hundreds of phasize that I use "democratic" in this con­ Along with my colleagues, I will be costly laws Congress passed. Perhaps this is text spelled with a small "d".) Because of working for a tax rebate ·and permanent too simple, but did you ever consider how this belief, I worked for years as Chairman tax. reduction aimed at relief for middle­ many lives could be saved and how much of the Foreign Operations and Government and lower-income taxpayers; an end to energy could be conserved t! the maximum Infonnation Subcommittee of the House special interest tax loopholes; increased speedometer on any car was 65 mph? By Government Operations Committee to funding for public service jobs; reduced using less fuel, isn't it logical that the air achieve enactment of the Freedom of In­ interest rates and the selective allocation would be less polluted? -rormation Act. This legislation has begun Senator, you stated that large cars are to open up many previously secret processes of credit to stimulate industrial produc­ too expensive for the nation to bear. Per­ of the Federal Government. tion and the housing market; extension haps it is the Congress that is too expensive I also understand the promise of the cable of unemployment benefits and cost-of­ for this country to bear. I fail to under­ television industry to the future of our living increases for current and retired stand how this country can afford 535 Con­ nation. In less than 50 years radio broadcast­ Federal employees as well as social gressmen that are interested only in thelJ.r ing added a new dimension to our lives. To­ security recipients. own welfare. Yes, I know you make $42,500 day, television is a part of our lives and While I support most aspects of the i:l. salary. But I also know that your salary our society and is shaping them both. task force energy proposals, I believe represents about 5 percent of the total cost Under the pattern established by the Ra­ we can and should go further, and move to keep a Congressman. Why not pass a law dio Act of 1927, radio and television broad­ to reduce some of your fringe benefits which casters are given a licensed monopoly over to place energy decisions where they this country cannot afford? You promote frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum. belong-with the people's representatives waste not only by the laws you pass but by As a concommitant of that licensed monop­ · and not with private corporations whose your way of living. Tell me that 800 limou­ oly, we have imposed government regula­ only motive is their own profit. His­ sines in Washington, D.C. are not wasteful. tions of program content in the form of the torically, this Nation has turned its na­ Does being a Congressman give you the right "equal time" provisions and the Fairness tural resources over to private industry. to be wasteful? Doctrine. The equal time provisions, of This has been a costly mistake and must Senator, I am very concerned for our coun­ course, require equal treatment by broad­ be corrected. try. I thtnk you should be concerned, too. cas.ters of opposing candidates for elective But your legislation shows little evidence of political offices. The Fairness Doctrine re­ interest in solving our problems. This coun­ quires broadcasters to present contrasting UNNECESSARY REGULATIONS try was built on free enterprise but you are positions on controversial issues of public bringing it to destruction. You cannot con­ importance when they present one such posi­ tinue to regulate everything by law. And tion. I regard these Government intrusions you cannot continue to give everything to into the free exchange of ideas as necessary HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK those who wlll not help themselves. OF OHIO evils which are made necessary by the The people of this country including the scarcity of frequencies in the electromagnetic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress must start working and not just receiving handouts. Let the country operate. spectrum and our practice of granting broad­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 casters monopolles over those frequencies. Don't strangle it! Please reconsider your Among the great promises I see in cable Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Ire­ proposed laws! Sincerely, television with its abundance of channels cently received a copy of a letter that EDWARD P. KENNEY, providing the opportunity for access of con­ one of my constituents wrote to Senator President. trasting viewpoints is the avoidance of Gov­ BROOKE. It is in response to legislation ernment regulation of program content such proposed by the Senator that would place !1-S the equal time requirements and the Fair­ a progressively stiff tax on new auto­ ness Doctrine. MOSS PROMISES WINDS OF CHANGE But as With every other great technological mobiles based upon their weight. IN REGULATING THE REGULA­ development since the Industrial Revolution, The arguments raised in this letter TORS the economic, social, and legal frameworks make g-ood sense. More and more people within which your industry must develop are fed up with too much Government, have been resistant and slow to change. For too much regulation, and too much red­ HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT example, in 1968 260 new CATV systems be­ tape. OF CALIFORNIA gan operation. In each succeeding year there Overzealous regulation by the Congress IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have been fewer systems beginning operation. has added excessive nonproductive costs Wednesday, March 12, 1975 In all of 1974, I understand there were only to our economy. More free enterprise and 43. Twenty-five years after the first cable less Government regulation is desper­ Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, my dis­ system began operation less than 15 percent tinguished colleague from Sacramento, of this Nation's 67 million TV homes have the ately needed. benefit of cable television. Although our Following is the text of the letter to JOHN E. Moss, addressed this week the National Cable TV Association Confer­ depressed economy is in part responsible for Senator BROOKE: the present plight of your industry, there is KENNEY CHEVROLET, INC., ence in Washington, D.C. every reason to believe that the main cause Johnston, Ohio, February 27, 1975. My constituent, Gene Iacopi of Wood­ is the hostile regulatory environment in DEAR SENATOR BROOKE: I have heard of land, Calif., has been active over the which that industry must operate. It would your proposed Senate Bllls 4234 and 4235 years in developing legislative awareness appear that any remedy for the problem which affect the auto industry. Senator, I of the cable TV industry and vice versa. must be supplied by Congress. can't believe that you are serious. Moss, in his address, points up the need Yet during the time I have been in Con­ Don't you remember that the heavier cars for a separate set of regulations for the gress there have been four unsuccessful ef­ were efficient operating cars before you and cable TV industry different from the forts made to legislate With regard to cable your colleagues started passing laws for so­ television. In 1959, the Senate by one vote regulat~ons of those broadcasters who called emission and safety standards? Don't defeated legislation spelling out the FCC's you realize that government standards have use the public airways. charter to regulate cable TV. Seven years added 615 dollars to the price of an average From Moss' new position as chief of later in 1966 similar legislation reported out 1975 car plus reducing gasoline mileage by Interstate and Foreign Commerce Com­ of the House Interstate and Foreign Com­ one-third or more? And Senator, have you mittee's Subcommittee on Investigations, merce Committee, of which I am a member, considered the fact that the government there is hope for change. failed to obtain fioor clearance from the standards required in 1978 will add 610 dol­ Moss' message follows: House Rules Committee. lars to the price of a car over the 1975 price? The following year ( 1967) the House of Isn't it possible that Congress is responsible THE CHANGING CONGRESSIONAL ENVIRON!I!lENT FOR CABLE LEGISLATION Representatives passed a rewrite of the Copy­ for a major part of our economic problems right Act which failed to be enacted by the and energy shortages? Now to top it all off, (Remarks of Congressman JOHN E. Moss) Senate. Revision of the Copyright Act, as you are going to outlaw the cars that Con­ I am pleased to again have the opportu­ you know, has tremendous significance for gress brought to near destruction. Senator, nity to break bread with members of the the cable television industry. In each of the where is your common sense? cable industry. As one who has been actively years since 1967, the Senate has attempted Haven't you realized that the public engaged In publlc life for some 27 years, I to pass a Copyright bill. Last year it finally doesn't want the additional emission and have a commitment to communication. It succeeded only to have the legislation re­ safety standards. They are removing or dis- is my belief that free and unfettered com- ferred to the House Judiciary Committee CXXI--403-Part 5 6380 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 which was unable to consider the legisla• tions can draw when it begins to consider assertion that he is merely eliminating tion because of its immersion in proceedings cable legislation later in this Congress. supplemental funding or overfunding is to impeach the President and on confirma­ It is my hope that I will again have an tion of the nomination of the Vice President. opportunity to address you at the beginning misleading; in fact,. these rescissions are Today neither the Communications Act of the 95th Congress at which time I will be eliminating vital funding to services gen­ which was passed in 1934 nor the Copyright able to review with you the cable and copy­ erally rendered to women and children Act which was enacted in 1909 contains one right legislation enacted by the 94th Con­ in the low-income bracket whose only paragraph relating to cable television. Yet gress under which your industry is growing access to preventive medicine is supplied under the authority of the Communications and prospering. through Federal funding. Act, the FCC has adopted some of the most Thank you. I am totally opposed to the rescission cQmplex regulations regarding cable televi­ sion ever devised by the mind of man. And of these funds for such vital health pro­ grams. Rather than promoting the best the Supreme Court of the United States in STATEMENT ON THE PROPOSED the Fortnightly and CBS v. Teleprompter efforts of medical research, the Presi­ cases decided issues essential to the very ex­ RESCISSION OF FUNDS FOR dent has chosen a false economic meas­ istence of ·the cable television industry on HEALTH AND EDUCATION PRO­ ure to cut back Government spending by t he basis of the Copyright Act. GRAMS hurting the innocent victims of disease To a large extent the inability of the Con­ and jeopardizing health care through gress in the past to act on vital matters such as cable television has been due to lack of HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL substandard financing. This callousness adequate staff resources and unthinking ob­ OF CALIFORNIA in regard to the humane needs of our servance of archaic traditions and proce­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES society must not be allowed when a mas­ dures such as the dominant seniority sive budget is being proposed for spend­ system. Wedn_esday, March 12, 1975 ing on military and defense programs. But as you are aware the winds of change Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, I am dis­ Again, in the area of education, ele­ are blowing through the corridors of Con­ tressed that the administration's pro­ mentary, secondary, occupational, voca­ gress. As one of those minor changes, I have posed rescissions for health programs tional, adult education and higher edu­ left the chairmanship of the Commerce and Finance Subcommittee, Which I had held and education would totally dismantle cation, and programs for library re­ for eight years, and have been elected by many beneficial programs and services sources-in short, the full spectrum of my colleagues to the chair of the Subcom­ in this area and render others ineffec­ the educational process and its institu­ mittee on Oversight and Investigations. This tive. tions, are adversely affected by the Pres­ Subcommittee has no legislative jurisdic­ One of the primary functions of good ident's proposed rescissions. Ironically, tion but is responsible for oversight of all government is to alleviate suffering and the cutback of funds in the area of edu­ departments, agencies, and programs within to promote a high standard of health cation is also detrimental to the unem­ the jurisdiction of our parent Interstate and care. The proposed rescission would af­ ployment rate, since education is consid­ Foreign Commerce Committee. Among the agencies included are the Federal Trade fect a wide range of health care programs ered a labor-intensive field. It has also Commission, the Federal Energy Administra­ affecting the physical well-being of all been suggested that these educational tion, the Federal Power Commission, the Americans. These measures, for instance, cutbacks will merely transfer the burden Food and Drug Administration, the En• include a rescission of $55 million in of funding from the Federal to the State vironmental Protection Agency, the Con­ funds for the National Institute on Al­ and local levels, which are largely in­ sumer· Product Safety Commission, the se .. cohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This rescis­ capable of meeting the financial needs of curities and Exchange Commission, the De­ sion ignores the fact that alcohol abuse is these programs. partment of Commerce, the Federal Railroad America's worst drug problem and third Educational programs such as Follow Administration, and, of course, the Federal Communications Commission. The Subcom­ worst health problem. Considering this Through, Bilingual Education, Ethnic mittee is also empowered to conduct such proposed rescission, then, solely from the Heritage Studies, and Drug Abuse Edu­ investigations within its area jurisdiction as standpoint of economic practicality, it is cation, dealing mainly with poor and dis­ it determines to be needed. obvious that a lack of funds in this area advantaged children, frequently from In the short time I have been chairman now will prove costly in the future. minority groups, would all be subject to of the Oversight and Investigations, I have Similarly, $38 million has been cut serious cutbacks under the proposed re­ made a survey of the matters demanding from the proposed fiscal year 1975 appro­ scission plan. In California, the state the Subcommittee's attention. Their num­ priation for the National Heart and Lung department of education has informed ber and diversity are startling. Among others, Institute, which deals with the crucial the Ust includes the adequacy of competition me that the rescissions would "adversely in the energy industries, the reliability of problems of diseases of the heart, lungs, affect a variety of programs plus in­ information on energy reserves and produc­ blood vessels, and blood. The National In­ crease the confusion and anxiety which tion, the role and operation of the Federal stitutes of Health, the Health Resources long have been associated with lateness Energy Administration, the sharp inflation Administration, and the Mental Health for the funding of Federal programs." in health care costs and the disparity of Administration have also received major These reductions in the Federal budget those -costs in different areas of the Nation, setbacks in the President's proposed plan. are again misdirected. They are injurious the need for accepted standards in the health In my own State of California, the to our most precious resource-the young professions, competition in the food indus­ try, the Administration's proposed mora­ President's proposed cutbacks of 314(d) people of this Nation-without alleviat­ torium on environmental and safety regula­ will hinder efforts to support a sickle cell ing the budgetary problems raised by tions, and the effectiveness of passive re .. anemia testing program, the mainte­ inflation. It is time for the Ford admin­ straint systems in automobiles. nance of clinical facilities_ for tubercu­ istration to reassess its priorities for One of the first studies the Subcommittee losis victims, the treatment of venereal budget cutbacks in terms of human will undertake is the role and operation of disease in local public health depart­ social needs. We must recognize that all the independent regulatory agencies. I ments, and the evaluation of health care Federal moneys now being used to build see too much evidence that the regulators services delivery. war machines or grant unending mili­ have tended to hand over to the regulated I am especially alarmed that the Presi­ tary assistance to Indochina could better the true power of regulation. The result of dent's rescissions in the field of health be allotted to the vital programs of that is the destruction of competition. This country was built not just with free enter­ care include maternal and child health health, education, and social well-being prise, and I think it is important to include services. The proposed funding cuts which are essential to the true prosperity the competition aspect. In this study par­ would close 10 pediatric pulmonary cen­ of our Nation. ticular attention will be given to the need ters which assist some 30,000 children. of these agencies for procedural reform and Also seriously affected would be our re­ their effect on competition in the industries search and training programs for men­ VETS IS NOT GOOD TO VETERANS which they regulate. The FCC wlll, of course, tally retarded and physically handi­ be included in this study. Although the study of the FCC will not be focused on the Com­ capped children, as well as support for HON. J. HERBERT BURKE mission's regulation of the cable television emergency medical services. OP FLORIDA industry, that subject certainly cannot be The majority of the programs affected IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ignored. In addition to the benefits which by the proposed funding cutback in these I expect to flow directly from such study, I areas are programs which have been op­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 hope it will also provide an information base erating on funding inadequate even in Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, on which the Subcommittee on Communlca- preinflationary times. The President's a recent investigation by the Veterans' Ma'tch 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6381 Administration of a private employment able programs without the aid and assistance cates that V.E.T.S., Inc., was engaged in activ­ agency, Veterans Employment and of someone within the State Approving ities in the Ft. Lauderdale-Miami area which Agency. The investigation revealed that the were contrary to the best interests of the Training Services, Inc.-VETS-of Fort local employee of the State Approving Agency veterans. Clearly, most of their programs Lauderdale, Fla., which is in my con­ was visiting the approved firms in the com· were formulated primarily for the purpose of gressional district, revealed that there pany of the owners and employees of V.E.T.S., obtaining funds for themselves and for vet­ were many violations of the law and of Inc. The State Approving Agency also entered erans without regard to the validity of the VA regulations involved in on-the-job into our investigation and as a result of our training situation. The evidence also strongly training programs originating with cooperative findings, the State employee was indicates that V.E.T.S., Inc., had the assist­ VETS. removed from his position and subsequently ance of an employee of the State Approving was removed from State employment. Agency in their activities which made it Since the operation of this firm was To illustrate some of the discrepancies in possible for them to carry on these activi­ not confined to my congressional dis­ the training programs approved by the State ties. The State Approving Agency has now trict, I would like to share with my col­ Approving Agency which had their origin assigned three highly competent employees leagues who may have veterans in their with V.E.T.S., Inc., we cite the case of Man­ to the Ft. Lauderdale-M.iami area for the districts who enrolled with this firm the guarian's Incorporated of Ft. Lauderdale. We purpose of approving On-the-Job training finding of the Veterans' Administration. received a call from the Personnel Director programs. We at the Veterans Administra­ VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, of Mangurian's of Ft. Lauderdale who stated tion exercise no control over who formulates Washington, D.C., January 21, 1975. that he had entered into arrangement with training programs. However, we have com­ HoNORABLE J. HERBERT BURKE, V.E.T.S., Inc., whereby he had 32 veterans plete confidence in the State Approving House of Representatives, working for Mangurian's who were in train­ Agency that all OJT programs, regardless of W.ashington, D.C. ing programs and their applications had been origin, will now meet the requirements o:t DEAR MR. BURKE: This refers to your in~ submitted to the VA. He further stated that the law and we anticipate no further prob­ quiry in behalf of Mr. William P. HolUday, these 32 veterans were looking for their pay· lems in this area. President of Veterans' Employment and ments and demanded to know why the pro­ Sincerely yours, Training Services, Incorporated. grams had not been approved. We explained \VILLIAM R. BLACKWELL, V.E.T.S. is an employment agency that has to him t hat there was some serious question Director. been assisting Florida employers in develop­ about the validity of programs submitted by ing on-the-job training programs for ap­ V.E.T.S., Inc., and that he would be contacted proval for veterans' benefits. The employer is soon by the State Approving Agency for veri­ FATHER CORNELIAN DENDE, DI­ charged a fee and veterans that are enrolled fication of the validity of the training pro­ RECTOR OF THE "ROSARY HOUR," in the programs developed are also charged grams at Mangurian's. The Personnel Direc­ DELIVERS A MOVING TRmUTE TO a fee. Our Regional Office in St. Petersburg tor seemed most upset with our answer. The MRS. ALFREDA W. SLOMINSKI, received, from the State Approving Agency, State Approving Agency later contacted Man­ ERIE <;OUNTY COMPTROLLER several job training programs developed by gurian's and they found that the Personnel the V.E.T.S., containing such questionable Director who had called this Regional Office material that we felt it necessary to investi­ had been replaced and the new Personnel HON. JACK F. KEMP Director informed the State Approving gate their practices and procedures involving OF NEW YORK Veterans Administration matters. Agency that, in fact, there never had been The preliminary results of our investiga~ any approvable training programs at Man­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion indicated that the scope o·f the inves­ gurian's and it had been discovered that the Wednesday, March 12, 1975 tigation should be expanded to include an previous Personnel Director had, apparently audit of each on-the-job training program in conjunction with V.E.T.S., Inc., employees, Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, a few days initiated by the company. The Florida State formulated fraudulent pay and training rec­ ago it was my honor and pleasure to Approving Agency is reinspecting each such ords for the purpose of securing VA approval give an address at a testimonial dinner approval. of training programs. The new Personnel Di­ honoring one of the truly fine public Mr. Holliday is aware of the joint invest!~ rector further stated that the fees which servants of western New York, Mrs. gation by the Veterans Administration and their veterans had paid to V.E.T.S., Inc., for the State Approving Agency. He has been in­ the service had been reimbursed by Man­ Alfreda Slominski, Erie County comp­ formed that our St. Petersburg Regional Of­ gurian's. troller. fice has been instructed not to process fur­ The Mangurian's case is merely an example Mrs. Slominski is one of those rare ther enrollments in V.E.T.S. cases until such of the numerous programs which were set people who has consistently put prin­ time as results of the investigation are up by V.E.T.S., Inc., and were not and were ciple above politics, her community and known. never intended to be valid training situa­ her country above consensus, and the As the results of the investigation become tions. next generation ahead of just the "next known in an individual case, benefits will When the State Approvh1g Agency learned be authorized if there is a finding that all that there was apparent collusion between election." Our new comptroller of Erie provisions of the law are met. their employee and V.E.T.S., Inc., they took County, "Alfreda," as she is affection­ We are pleased to hear again of your in­ prompt action to rectify the situation. To ately called by thousands of Buffalonians, terest in veterans' affairs. date, they have re-inspected 88 facilities represents America's hard-working tax­ Sincerely, which had training programs formulated by payer-that forgotten citizen whose RICHARD L. ROUDEBUSH, V.E.T.S., Inc. Of the 88, 47 approvals were main concern it is to raise a family in Administrator. completely withdrawn, 40 firms were reap­ concert with a love for God and for this proved after substantive revisions resulting VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, from the new inspections, and one program country. St. Petesrburg, Fla., February 24, 1975. was found to be valid as previously approved. By her actions, her leadership and her Han. J. HERBERT BURKE, We now understand that V.E.T.S., Inc., has unfailing courage, Mrs. Slominski has House of Representatives, closed their office and that their telephone is done much to enhance not only the image Washington, D.C. disconnected. We do not know whether of women but the image of politicians as DEAR MR. BuRKE: This will supplement our V.E.T.S., Inc., plans to remain in the ap­ well. In his introduction of "Our Comp­ letter of October 4, 1974, concerning Veterans proval business. We have received complaints troller," Father Cornelian Dende said: Employment and Training Services, Inc., of that employees of V.E.T.S., Inc., are contact­ She is convinced that by the very fact Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. ing veterans and requesting that veterans that she is a woman, she has much to con­ As we began receiving an increasing num­ pay to V.E.T.S., Inc., the fee previously agreed tribute to the political life of her community. ber of complaints and inquiries concerning upon before V.E.T.S., Inc., will release the Her argument might run something like this: VA check to the veteran. As you know, on the operation of V.E.T.S., Inc., we felt it ap­ "If politics is the art of government (and it propriate to ask the Veterans Administration all veterans approved by V.E.T.S., Inc., it was is), and if government is public-housekeep­ Investigation and Security Service to con­ the consistept policy of that company to ing (and it is), then a woman's place is quite duct a full scale investigation. An investiga­ have the veteran ask the VA to mail checks logically in politics." tor was dispatched to the Ft. Lauderdale­ to 2145 Davie Boulevard, Ft. Lauderdale, Miami area and his investigation was accom­ which is the address of the V.E.T.S., Inc., of­ As a longtime member of the busi­ plished during the months of November and fice. When we are informed by veterans that ness and professional women's clubs of December, 1974. V.E.T.S., Inc., is trying to withhold the New York State and Buffalo, Alfreda was During his investigation it became appar­ checks, we are advising the veterans to de­ ent that there were many violations of the mand that the check be turned over to them also honored by the attendance of her law and VA Regulations involved in the without any conditional release, and that many friends in those fine clubs. programs which had their origin with the payment of fees to V.E.T.S., Inc., is a Father Dende also mentioned Mrs. Slo­ V.E.T.S., Inc. It also became increasingly ap~ civil matter and bears no relationship with minski's concern for the taxpayer: parent that V.E.T.S., Inc., would not have receipt of the VA check. Now, judging by her past record, I can't been successful in approving these question- In summary, our evidence strongly indi~ imagine Alfreda to be a person who would 6382 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 run away from a battle. On the contrary, politician. She always does her home­ Adam N. Domanski, Salvatore R. Aronica, she has been an outspoken champion for work .•• and well. She is convinced that Florence C. Bundschuh. fiscal solvency and accountability. by the very ,fact that she is a woman, she has Members: Hon. Albert N. Abgott, Carol much to contribute to the political life of Bannister, John A. Boccio, Hon. Joseph Bala, Mr. Speaker, I join Alfreda in the great her community. Her argument might run Al Carr, Florence Dziuk, Alfred Fabiniak, task of helping restore fiscal responsi­ something like this: "If politics is the art Estelle J. Glegota, Joseph Golen, John Carle­ bility and accountability to government of government (and it is), and if govern­ ton Goodell, James Green, Daniel J. Kij. · at all levels. ment is public-housekeeping (and it is), Dr. Walter F. King, Arthur Kilichowski, Mr. Speaker, Alfreda Slominski and then a woman's place is quite logically in Michael J. Kogutek, Matthew Korpanty, her husband Richard truly believe that politics." Homer Livingston, Joseph Mason, Patricia Both on the Board of Education as well as McDonough, Alfred W. Nowak, Henry Orlow­ the only safe repository for human in the Common Council, I always pictured ski, Thomas Owczarczak, Chester Ostrowski. freedom rests in men and women con­ her as a "David" confronting the "Goliath" Adam Pila.rz, Victor Przybyl, Eileen Roth, cerned enough to take part in the po­ majority. She always was able to stand her Paul Redlinski, Jr., Elaine E. Salvo, Donald litical process and exercise responsibility ground. Siwek, John E. Spara, Peter J. Stella, Lor­ for their own economic well being. We might ask: what makes her a person raine Wiernik, Millie Marks, Margaret Mrs. Slominski is a native of Buffalo, "apart" ... so trusted by the electorate and Wrobel, Edward Wrobel. N.Y. After obtaining her bachelor's de­ respected by her opposition? I think it's be­ gree and her Juris Doctor from the Uni­ cause she is (and always has been) a person versity of Buffalo she entered politics in of character and has the qualifications of a true leader. MAINTAINING THE INTEGRITY OF A 1952 via an appointment to the Buffalo Now, we know that a person of character Board of Education. From there she was is one who has certain principles and main­ PENSION PROGRAM elected and then re-elected councilman­ tains these principles regardless of the diffi­ at-large for the city of Buffalo's com­ culties and opposition he or she might en­ H01-J. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. counter. Because Alfreda is a person of mon council. In 1969 she became the OF WISCONSIN first woman to be nominated by a major character and has the courage to stand by political party for the office of mayor in her convictions, she is emerging as a leader IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in our community who is able to restore Wednesday, March 12, 1975 any U.S. city with a population of more credibility and reliability in government. than 500,000. From her position as mi­ Our democratic process sometimes makes Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, I would nority leader of the common council Mrs. for weakness rather than for strength. A like to register my support for a bill Slominski was elected Erie County comp­ candidate for office usually keeps his finger which I am cosponsoring with Mr. troller on November 5, 1974, and she on the pulse of the electorate. He. finds out STEIGER of Wisconsin. This bill would assumed her duties on January 1 of this by survey what they want and then he prom­ ises to give it to them . . . generally at the permit people who are involuntarily sep­ year. expense of the public treasury. His campaign arated from their jobs and receive the Alfreda has always had the whole­ is directed to the desires of the people, but money in their pension program in a hearted support and special dedication never to their needs. The result is, the elec­ lump sum to reinvest that money in an­ of the Polish community of western New torate is rarely offered a chance to vote for a other pension plan without its being York. In his remarks, Father Dende, him­ real leader. taxed in that year. A provision toward self of Polish descent, paid a. tribute of We need leaders who would fight ,for ideals. that end was included in the private Goodness, patriotism, honesty and loyalty pension reform low that we passed last his own to his dear friend: are losing their battles today . . . not by I've watched Alfreda in action these past conflict, but by default. Those who are year. Unfortunately, the provision which twelve years of her public life, from the time called to be defenders of what is right are we included did not go far enough to­ when as a Citizen-Volunteer she joined the not wounded in battle, they often flee. They ward reaching our intended goal. Buffalo Board of Education, during her two skirt the issue. Mr. Speaker, as you will recall, to fa­ terms as member of the Buffalo Common Now, judging by her past record, I can't Council, and now as Comptroller of Erie cilitate the poi'tability of pensions-or imagine Alfreda to be a persu:1. who would their transfer with the employee as he County . . . and I must say she is certainly run away from a battle. On the contrary, she an "exciting politician" (to say the has been an outspoken critic of governmen­ changes jobs-the pension law provides least) ... who is always where the action tal excesses and waste, and a champion for that money may be distributed from a is.... She is considered one of the area's fiscal solvency and accountability. tax-qualified plan or from an individual hardest working and outspoken political I might mention here in passing, that the retirement account to the plan partici­ figures .... She always does her home- Folish Community of Buffalo and Erie pant, on a tax-free basis, if the same work ... and well.... The Polish Commu- County is extremely proud of our Comp­ money or property is reinvested by the nity of Buffalo and Erie County is extremely troller. When the history of the Polish proud of our Comptroller. participant within 60 days in a qualify­ Community will be written, I'm sure that the ing individual retirement account. How­ Mr. Speaker, I rise in tribute today to name of Alfreda Slominski will be in promi­ ever, in the case of distributions from a this outspoken and dedicated lady, a nence. Whether she knows it or not, she is making history at this very moment. tax-qualified pension plan, the distribu­ woman who has championed right for On behalf of those whom I might repre­ tion must be a lump-sum distribution to right's sake and restored credibility and sent in our community, I offer sincere con­ qualify as a so-called tax-free rollover. dignity to our government. I would like gratulations on your recent sweeping vic­ The pension reform measure also per­ to include here the full text of Father tory in your bid for the office of County mitted amounts received from a quali­ Dende's remarks, followed by a list of Comptroller. I congratulate your Family: fied plan to be transferred to another those who spent many long hours prepar­ your Husband and two lovely daughters who qualified plan with the consent of the ing such a memorable and enjoyable are justly proud ... and we congratulate individual's new employer through the ourselves on having obtained a leader 1n tribute to such a deserving woman, Mrs. whom so much faith and confidence can be medium of an individual retirement, or Alfreda W. Slominski: placed. an "ffiA" account as they are now popu­ AnDRESS BY FATHER CORNEtLIAN DENDE IN I think it was St. Thomas who said: "The larly known. The only restriction was HONOR OF MRS. ALFREDA W. SLOMINSKI best reward for a job well-done, is the ability that in this case, the conduit retirement I feel honoree\ to be a part of this evening's to do still better work in the future." Each account must consist of nothing but as­ tribute to a wonderful person and an out­ job, each responsibility has prepared you for sets transferred from a qualified plan standing public servant, our Comptroller; the next. I'm sure you have a long future and the earnings on this amount to pre­ Mrs. Alfreda Slominski. ahead of you. May it be one that will bring vent a situation where retirement sav­ I've watched Alfreda in action these past much satisfaction to you personally, and twelve years of her public life, from the may it be especially of great benefit to the ings might indirectly obtain tax advan­ time when as a Citizen-Volunteer she joined Community you serve! Thank you! tages not intended. the Buffalo Board of Education, during her Thus, the goal of the rollover feature two terms as member of the Buffalo Com­ which we incorporated was to facilitate mon Council, and now as Comptroller of DINNER COMMITTEE the transfer of pension benefits from one Erie County ... and I must say she is cer­ Honorary Chairmen: B. John Tutuska, plan to the other so that they could con­ tainly an "exciting politician" (to say the Horace A. Gioia. tinue to grow. Unfortunately, the Inter­ least) ... who is always there where the Chairman: John J. Glegota, Jr. nal Revenue Service has a somewhat action is. Co-Chairmen: David F. Wolski, Ed :ward She is considered one of the area's hardest Wytrwal, Eugene F. Kurzawa. narrow interpretation of this provision. working and outspoken political figures. Comptroller's Staff: Raymond· J. Zimmer­ Mr. Speaker, it has come to my atten­ Some even say, a bit "over-dedicated" for a man, Alice M. Law, John J. Glegota, Jr., tion back in my home State that the In- March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6383 ternal Revenue Service has ruled against tw·e of a portability program-that ar­ unprecedented crisis, or rather three crises­ an attempt by some of my constituents to rangements could be developed whereby economic, cultural, and international-which are confronting us simultaneously. transfer moneys they are to receive under an individual could accumulate pension The character and dimensions of the eco­ their terminated retirement plan and credits from job to job and eventuallY nomic crisis are familiar enough. Its essen­ their savings and investment plan into combine them into qualification for a tial elements-inflation, recession, and mQn­ an IRA account. It so happens that they single pension. However, the complexi­ etary instability-need no great elaboration. did not meet the specific provision of the ties of such a scheme were so great that The economic crisis, however, intersects with law in the opinion of the Internal Reve­ we had to defer on this type of arrange­ a deep cultural malaise in the Western world, nue Service, although it is my opinion ment. But in an attempt to arrive at a malaise that is pregnant with dangerous that the intent of the law should apply some portability, the tax-free rollover political consequences. It involves a sharp break with two basic ideas that, since the in their case. I will explain this later. provisions were included in the measure eighteenth century, have provided the West, But first, Mr. Speaker, I would like to that we passed. I would hate to see our and particularly the United States, with a briefly outline the circumstances sur­ efforts frustrated by prohibiting the use philosophical framework: the ideas of prog­ rounding this case. of this feature when individuals are ress and the preeminence of liberty. On December 31, 1974, Lakeside Lab­ forced to take their pension moneys prior The idea of progress increasingly perme­ oratories in Milwaukee was purchased to retirement because their pension plan ated social affai\s with the notion that intact by Richardson-Merrell, Inc. Up is terminated. change is good, that change means improve­ until that time it was a subsidiary of ment. Both liberalism and Marxism have been committed to the idea of progress as Colgate-Palmolive. On January 1-both the basic organizing premise of the indus­ the retirement income plan into which trialized world. Today the idea is severely they contributed approximately one­ UNMANIFEST DESTINY: WHERE DO challenged (in some places it is in actual third of the cost, and a savings and in­ WE GO FROM HERE? disrepute). It is yielding to a notion that vestment plan-were terminated. While progress means decay, that change is bad. those over 55 years of age were given As a result, one finds more and more people, several options to choose from, individ­ HON. DONALD M. FRASER especially intellectuals, recommending limit­ ed growth or zero growth as a way of arrest­ uals under age 55 were to receive the en­ OF MINNESOTA ing change. tire account in either cash, or in cash IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The preeminence of liberty, which put a and stock. Wednesday, March 12, 1975 high premium on individual development, This all came as a rude shock to my spiritual worth, and the legal autonomy of constituents since the benefits they had Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, Zbigniew the individual, is now yielding increasingly planned on obtaining from the retire­ Brzezinski wears many hats-professor to the concept of equality, not just equality ment plan were greatly reduced and sec­ of government and director of the Re­ of opportunity but equality of condition. ond, they were faced with an immediate search Institute on International Change Material equality, to be achieved through a decision as to what to do with relatively at Columbia University, director of the redistribution of wealth, is becoming a dom­ Trilateral Commission-and he wears inant concern. But with declining rates of large sums of money-or stock-that growth, the pie to be shared will continue they were to receive from their savings them all well. His thoughtful articles on to get smaller. and investment plan, funds which the world affairs are thought-provoking and All of this adds up to a profound cultural majority of them were banking on to incisive. His "Unmanifest Destiny: discontinuity, and this has led to the phe­ supplement their retirement income. Where Do We Go From Here?" appeared nomena of ( 1) extremism-the search for a Mr. Speaker, when my constituents ex­ in the March 3, 1975, issue of New York radical solution; (2) religiosity-the search Magazine, and I want to place it in the for an intimate personal relationship with plored the ffiA provisions of the law they God; and (3) terrorism-the search for an were initially assured by various lending RECORD for the benefit of those who may have missed it. instant remedy. More fundamentally, discon­ institutions as well as the local IRS dis­ tinuity has produced a dominant outlook of trict office that they were eligible to While I will not attempt to summarize pessimism in large sectors of Western socie­ transfer these amounts tax free into an in a few words the thrust of Professor ties, including the United States. IRA account under the rollover provi­ Brzezinski's essay, I would like to em­ The effect of this pessimism is to challenge sions of the pension legislation. However, phasize one aspect of it. He writes: confidence, civility, and compromise-the they were later informed that they did Finally, it seems to me that we have to underpinnings of modern democracy-none recognize that the world that is emerging of which can exist without optimism. The not qualify for this tax treatment be­ today is made up of independent nations erosion of these core beliefs is destructive cause they were not "separated from seeking more equity, and this is, in fact, the because a democracy rests ultimately not on service." This is drawing the line pretty world that we have long desired. Its appear­ institutions or economic arrangements but fine. You see, although they were all ance is bound to produce frictions with the on the beliefs of people. working for a new employer, most of richer and more established nations. That is The undermining of optimism has been them still had their same jobs. I think a reality which we cannot avoid. Therefore, the democratic system: an overload of par­ something should be done about this type rather than turning our backs on ;t, we ticipants and demands, and an overflow of should become more involved in getting that information that is difficult for both the of situation. new world engaged in shaping a global com­ public and its legislators to assimilate. As The legislation that I am cosponsoring munity. This means our speaking at the sooial cleavages become sharper and demands would permit individuals whose pension United Nations with greater moral author­ become more difficult to resolve, democracy plans are terminated to utilize the tax ity. This means upgrading the level of our faces a breakdown in consensus. The condi­ rollover provisions when they are re­ representation at the United Nations, not tion is made worse by the weakness of our quired to take their pension benefits pri­ lowering it. We should participate actively leadership-a weak Congress confronting a in the discussion of reforms, especially in weak president. or to retirement just as an individual the new economic world order. We should The international consequences of this may use the rollover feature if his job take the lead in reapportioning voting rights crisis are not to be underestimated. Today, is terminated. Mr. Speaker I think this for the new influential members of the global democracy appears not only less vital but bill is consistent with the original intent community in the International Monetary less appealing. It is hard to think of a period behind this featw·e of the pension law. Fund and the World Bank. We should even since the American Revolution when the We try to give tax incentives to encour­ consider creating machinery for global plan­ democratic system has had less appeal for age volun~ary retirement savings. Yet, ning and arrangements for long-term trans­ the intellectual elite of the world. on the other hand this adverse ruling by fer of resources, for we have a great deal of The cultural malaise interacts with the the Internal Revenue Service does just expertise in these fields. third crisis, the dissolution of the interna­ tion~l system which, since World War II, the opposite. It would tax the distribu­ Mr. Speaker, this is the direction we dominated world politics. Before World War tions from the terminated plan presently ought to be headed in. Zbigniew Brzezin­ II, Europe was the vortex of the international when the individuals are in a higher tax ski makes a good pathfinder. system and Britain played the key role in bracket-thus having a deleterious ef­ The article follows: making certain that no one country con­ fect on their retirement income. UN MANIFEST DESTINY: WHERE Do WE Go trolled Europe. The international system was Mr. Speaker, wheh we were consider­ FROM HERE? London-financed, in the sense that London ing pension reform legislation we were (By Zbigniew Brzezinski) banks played the crucial role in maintain­ looking for ways to facilitate the porta­ ing the monetary and economic structure. The year 1975 will severely test America's After World War II the international sys­ bility and preservation of pension bene­ relevance to the changing world. It will test tem-political and economic-shifted west­ fits. We all recognized the desirable fea- our ability to respond constructively to an ward; it became United States-protected and ~384 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 New York-financed. But today even that sys­ awareness. But we now haye to plan our advised to remain silent about military in­ tem is in jeopardy. The year 1973 was tne future much more deliberately than we have tervention. turning point. In some ways 1973 was as im­ done in the past. Our plans must include There is a related issue which I believe to portant as 1905, the year of the Russo-Jap­ efforts to maintain economic growth. We be important: the relationship between eco­ anese War, when, for the first time in history, may also have to consider ways of adapting nomic cooperation and the political conflict an Asian power defeated an essentially Eu-· what the Europeans call "industrial democ­ in the Middle East. The need to solve that ropean power in a political-military contest. racy" to our own social conditions, creating conflict is now more acute than ever, not So too, in 1973, the year in which the Ar~bs mechanisms for greater social participation only because of its threat to world peace, but deployed their oil weapon, the developmg in economic decision-making. That will surely because of its polarizing effect on Ameri­ world for the first time inflicted a major strengthen, rather than weaken, our democ­ can relations with the rest of the world. economic setback on the advanced world. racy. I also believe that a call on the nation Without an Arab-Israeli settleme11t, we will As a consequence we now find four worlds to sacrifice would contribute a great deal to not create the kind of confidence on which existing on the international scene. The ad­ the restoration of optimism, for sacrifice gen­ the resolution of some of the monetary prob­ vanced, essentially democratic, world is still erates optimism. Indulgent, miasmic, and lems with the oil producers depends. there. The Communist world is still there. passive behavior stimulates pessimism. I am doubtful that the administration's But the Third World has split; there is now With respect to international economic current strategy-trying to keep the Soviet a world of the nouveaux riches of the oil­ issues, the essence of our policy should be Union out of a solution-can succeed. It producing nations and another world of the an unambiguous commitment to a coopera­ only increases the Soviet stake in subverting basket cases of the international community. tive solution with all willing parties. This a settlement. And while the Soviet Union The international game among these four means more collaboration with Western Eu­ lacks the capacity to achieve a settlement by worlds today is thus quite different from rope and Japan-not peevish chastisements itself, it can prevent a settlement. I am also what it has been for much of the last 25 such as the secretary of state recently artic­ doubtful that a long-term approach of slowly years. Today the overt competition and the ulated in an interview in Business Week. getting the Arabs and Israelis together will overt animosity are increasingly between the Such collaboration is needed in order to cope succeed, for this slow approach does not First World and the Third and the Fourth with inflation and recession. I would favor, take into account the disunity and impa­ Worlds, with the Second World, particularly for example, a heads-of-government meeting tience of the Arabs, both of which undermine the Soviet Union, an indifferent but neutral to dramatize the issue of interdependence, their willingness to accept any gradual com­ beneficiary of the competition between the as well as the establishment of a system of promise solution. rich and the poor. The Fourth World, sustained consultation to avoid misunder­ Thus, it would be advisable and timely for though it has suffered from recent economic standings and conflicts. the United States to spell out openly what dislocations, supports the Third World be­ A cooperative approach must be similarly it considers to be the general outlines of a cause of their common demand for global pursued in order to solve the question of oil desirable settlement and to indicate that 1t equity. They want more participation in the and the recycling of oil dollars. There are would be prepared to guarantee it. There running of the international system, and still strong indications of a confrontationist is worldwide consensus today on what the they are not prepared to accept the system approach in the Ford administration, judg­ essential elements of that settlement ought which is largely Atlantic-centered, United ing from the particularly drastic formula­ to be.* Spelling out the general terms of a States-protected, and New York-financed. tions expressed in recent weeks. Such an settlement would generate pressure on its be­ It is the interaction of these three crises approach is counterproductive. We would be half. And this is what moderate Arabs and which challenges America's relevance to the much better advised to follow the imagina­ Israelis actually want, for they argue that world. In the economic area, the lack of an tive ideas expressed in Foreign Affairs, which unless there is external, particularly Ameri­ adequate American response has worsened recommended a long-term partnership be­ can, pressure on behalf of an openly articu­ the world's economic crisis. The deflationary tween oil consumers and oil producers in the lated settlement, it is difficult for them, be­ policies of the United States in 1974 intensi­ recycling of petrodollars and in building a cause of their internal problems, to take the fied the global recession and threatened to new world monetary system. lead in promoting it. plunge some parts of the world into a gen­ The question of military intervention Finally, it seems to me that we have to uine depression. This economic posture, or must be faced. If open speculations on that recognize that the world that is emerging passivity, has produced worldwide anxiety subject by our leading policy makers are today is made up of independent natiops about, even animosity toward, the United designed to be a deterrent, I would argue seeking more equity, and this is, in fact, the States. that they in fact inflame the situation and world that we have long desired. Its appear­ The cultural crisis creates the impression strengthen the radicals against the con­ ance is bound to produce frictions with the that our democracy is inadequate. It sug­ servatives. If, however, the threats are meant richer and more established nations. That gests that our system of government is not seriously and not as a bluff, there are some is a reality which we cannot avoid. There­ the wave of the future, that it has lost its major questions which advocates of military fore, rather than turning our backs on it, we inner confidence and cannot satisfy the es­ intervention in the Middle East must should become more involved in getting that sential social demands. ponder: new world engaged in shaping a global com­ The international crisis creates pressures Who does it? I assume it means the United munity'. This means our speaking at the within the United States to interpret the States alone. If so, from where? There is no United Nations with greater moral authority. change in world affairs as anti-American. obvious place from which the United States This means upgrading the level of our repre­ This in turn encourages our policy makers could undertake such an intervention with­ sentation at the United Nations, not lowering to downgrade the United Nations and dimin­ out precipitating grave consequences. it. We should participate actively in the dis­ ish American representation in international Where should it be undertaken? And what cussion of reforms, especially in the new institutions. As a result, next year when we shape would seized assets be left in? The economic world order. We should take the celebrate the two-hundredth anniversary of process of extinguishing fires that would be lead in I'eapportioning voting rights for the the birth of our nation-the first country set in motion is likely to be time-consuming new influential members of the global com­ explicitly dedicated to the principles of na­ and detrimental to the world economy. munity in the International Monetary Fund tional independence and self-determination­ What would be the impact of military and the World Bank. We should even con­ and when we enter what is likely to be the intervention on other oil producers? I sus­ sider creating machinery for global planning first year of national independence for all pect that we would see immediate embargoes, and arrangements for long-term transfer of the major regions of the world, we may find but more importantly and enduringly, rapid resources, for we have a great deal of ex­ America less relevant to that world than at domestic radicalization of even the oil-pro­ pertise in these fields. any point in her entire history. ducing countries not directly affected. Is I have deliberately avoided commenting Though the · ideological relevance of this what we want? directly on the American-Soviet relationship. America is severely threatened, it can be What would be the impact on the rest of because in some ways it is today less central restored. We can do something about it. Our the Third and Fourth Worlds? At the very than it was in the days of the overt cold need is for a comprehensive response on all minimum there would be a violent anti­ war. Moreover, the role and appeal of the three fronts, and our primary objective must American reaction, perhaps sporadic boy­ Soviet Union are changing dramatically. In­ be to help shape a true global community, to cotts, compounding the isolation of the stead of being a symbol of revolution, it is forge new patterns of relations among the United States. increasingly the symbol of stability and so­ nation-states. What would be the behavior of the pre­ cial conservatism in a very turbulent world. sumed beneficiaries of this action, Western It is essential to tackle head-on the per­ This makes the Soviet Union more appealing vasive mood of pessimism which dominates Europe and Japan? Present indications sug­ our centers of thought and learning. I my­ gest that they do not favor this action, and self am convinced that the human condi­ in all probability they would rush to make *Briefly, its principal components are: tion has been improving and continues to their own deals with the other oil producers. recognition of Israel's sovereignty by all par­ improve. In 1900, for example, only about 1 What would be the behavior of the Soviet ties, and peace treaties establishing normal per cent of humanity lived in tolerable con­ Union? There surely would be political ex­ relations; creation of a demilitarized Pales­ ditions. By 1970, with a vastly larger popula­ ploitation of this action, and perhaps even a tinian state; reinforcement of frontiers, tion, approximately 30 per cent had achieved confrontation. based largely on those existing in 1967, by those standards. Certainly our own society Once in, how do we get out? security zones: retention of a united Jeru­ has experienced marked progress in terms of Until these que5tions are dealt with satis­ salem but with two capitals in it; and a education, social sophistication, and political factorily, our policy makers would be well U.S. guarantee for the above. March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6385 to some. Apart from being an ideologically OIL POLICY: THE VENEZUELAN ings which, if not explicitly agreed, certainly motivated power, it is a power which puts a VIEWPOINT exist.' Venezuela's agreements with tradition­ high stress on military might. Abroad, Com­ al clients could not be just 'pushed aside'­ munist parties, particularly in France and but, the president emphasised, 'they are Italy, increasingly appeal to the electorate linked with those which developing countries HON. DANTE B. FASCELL have with us'. as the parties of the work ethic and of law OF FLORIDA and order. It is this changed posture that This amounted to a clear recognition that inclines the Soviet leadership to adopt an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the United States, in particular, could not essentially passive and selfish approach to Wednesday, March 12, 1975 be pushed too far, and is in line with Henry global problems. In addition, there are Kissinger's recent warnings to oil producers. grounds for suspecting that there is a strong Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, because of Venezuela's main client for oil would con­ debate in the Soviet leadership as to the the great interest in Congress in ener­ tinue to be the United States, President extent to which the Soviet Union should gy matters and the policies of the OPEC Perez said, and 'any reduction in oil output exploit the difficulties in the international countries I want to bring to the atten­ would have to take established agreements system. This means that we cannot count tion of the House an article from the into account'. on American-Soviet cooperation to deal with At the same time the President appeared the problems of which I have spolcen. Thus February 28, 1975, edition of the Brit­ confident that a sufficiently firm degree of the United States will have to take the lead ish weekly newsletter La tin America. The unity had been attained within OPEC for in shaping a more optimistic global com­ article describes an exclusive interview oil producers to wring considerable conces­ munity. But it can do so only if it undertakes which that journalist had with the Pres­ sions from the industrialised countries-or certain domestic charges and rearrangements ident of Venezuela, Carlos Andres Perez, at least to negotiate on a basis of equality as well. in which he described his country's long­ at the conference which Perez has in mind. First, we must develop an effective execu­ 'Despite the hard words and certain term objectives: threats which were made in haste,' he said, tive instrument for world planning. We des­ VENEZUELA: PRUDENT AUDACITY perately need a supradepartmental integra­ the climate was improving for an exchange tion of our global policy. It is impossible (President Perez is determined to use oil of views. In this regard the President had to conduct such a policy from the vantage to change the rules of the game with the in­ warm words for French policy under Presi­ point of the Treasury or the State Depart­ dustrialized nations, but he remains acutely dent Giscard D'Estaing, nor did he see any ment. We need not only a virtuoso in charge aware that its too drastic use could provoke prospect of OPEC unity being broken by of our foreign policy; we need a conductor a dangerous reaction from the United the United States, or other attempts to estab­ who can orchestrate the symphonic effort. States.) lish bilateral agreements with producers. The The logical place to locate such an instru­ Venezuelan oil will not be used 'as an ag­ President described as 'not impossible' the ment for integrating our global policy would gressive weapon', President Carlos Andres prospect of a reduction in oil prices, but said be the vice-presidency. Perez told LATIN AMERICA this week in an ex­ this could only happen within a general re­ Second, we have to return to true bi­ clusive interview, 'but as a political weap­ adjustment of prices for raw materials, as partisanship in the shaping of our foreign on to convince the developed countries of the well as manufactured and capital goods'. policy, which has lately been too partisan need for a global understanding'. On the eve Asked how Venezuela's policy on gradually and too personal. It has also been deceptive of his departure for the heads of state meet­ reducing its oil output, and of satisfying its and unpredictable at a time when American ing in Algiers of the Organisation of Petro­ traditional customers, could be equated with moral authority and clarity have been very leum Exporting Countries (oPEC)-following supplying new markets in Latin America, much needed. It is important that we go "Jack this week's ministerial meeting in Vienna­ Europe and Japan, President Perez said this to the post-World War II days of a truly bi­ the Venezuelan President said one of his was possible because the United States was partisan foreign-policy process. If we do that, main aims at Algiers would be to establish · reducing its consumption. Venezuela was I think we can generate the national unity a common OPEC position to be maintained therefore diversifying its ma.rkets and 'using that is needed. at a future global conference in which de­ its oil a.s an instrument of solidarity with We confront a profound and wide-ranging veloping and industrialised countries would Latin America'. But he denied reports that historical challenge, but it is a challenge we participate. The global understanding, he Venezuela had agreed to sell 100,000 barrels can manage, provided we understand its his­ said, should provide for an equilibrium be­ a day to Cuba. Nego-tiations for the sale of tween energy, raw materials and basic prod­ torical thrust. If we take the actions I have oil to Cuba had not even begun, he said. outlined, we may reasonably entertain a more ucts, on the one hand, and the manufac­ On Venezuela's policy within the western tured and capital goods required by develop­ hemisphere, President Perez said good rela­ hopeful outlook on the nature of change in ing countries, on the other. our time and on America's global role. tions with the United States are a 'matter While firm in his determination that of prime importance'. Venezuela wanted 'a global economic relationships should - be full understanding with our northern neigh­ changed permanently, President Perez went bour, but we insist that the rules of the game out of his way to be conciliatory and un­ should not be fixed unilaterally'. Further­ MEMORIALIZING THE HOLOCAUST derstanding towards the industrialised world more, he added, 'my government believes and the problelllS it faced in coping with the the hemisphere's problems must not be dealt sudden rise in oil prices. 'I truly believe the with bilaterally between the United States HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN time has come for a serious dialogue, aimed and each of the other countries, but multi­ at building a new institutional order' in the laterally'. That was why Venezuela's s•trat­ OF NEW YORK WOrld, he told LATIN AMERICA. As part of this egy within the hemisphere was to work out IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES new order, Venezuela would like to see the a unified policy with the rest of Latin Amer­ exploitation and use of oil planned on a Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ica and the Caribbean, particularly through global scale, so that it could be shared fair­ the establishment of a new Latin American Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, today I am ly between all countries. body 'which would permit the countries of introducing a resolution authorizing and As far as Venezuela was concerned, Perez om· community to identify our purposes and requesting the President to proclaim said, the production of oil must take into aims in the dialogue with the United States account the nee~ of industrialised coun­ in the Organisation of American States April 6, 1975, as a day commemorating tries, as much as those of any other coun­ (OAS)'. the 30th anniversary of the liberation of tries, but it must be ruled by conservationist The President appeared unabashed by the the survivors of the Buchenwald con­ considerations, since oil was likely to be opposition from Brazil to the sistema eco­ centration camp. even more important in the future as a n6mico latinoamericano (SELA) which Ven­ This date is also a grim reminder to petrochemical feedstock than as a source of ezuela, Mexico and Colombia are promoting all peoples of the free world that some 6 . energy. The President said he was fully aware (see last week's issue). He showed great sat­ million people of the Jewish faith were of the 'grave maladjustments caused by the isfaction at the 'demonstration of vigorous slaughtered by Hitler and the forces of accumulation of non-recycled monetary re­ solidarity in the Latin American commu­ sources' in industrialised countries, and the nity', dm·ing the recent OAS meeting in the Third Reich. The wanton cruelty of consequent dangers for world economic sta­ Washington which condemned the new that holocaust must not be forgotten. bility. This merely underlined the need for United States trade act, and dismissed the It is befitting, as an expression of the proposed global economic conference. sharp divisions of opinion with the OAS American humanitarian concern and as a Asked whether he agreed with the call for displayed at last year's Quito meeting on the reaffirmation of our Nation's firm belief a 'drastic reduction' in Venezuelan oil pro­ subject of Cuba-a problem which, he said, in the tenets of liberty, justice, and equal­ duction made recently by Juan Pablo Perez 'had more to do with the political definitions ity, that April 6 be commemorated as a Alfonzo, the grand old man of Venezuelan oil of Latin American governments than with politics and virtual founder of OPEC, the the solidarity and identity over economic national day of observance with appro­ President fiatly rejected such an 'oil em­ questions which is being forged in Latin priate ceremonies and activities. bargo'. It would be impossible, he said, 'with­ America'. Accordingly, I urge my colleagues to out affecting the country's international re­ The President was, however, quite cate­ support and adopt this resolution. lations. This would mean breaking undertak- gorical in saying that 'the OAS is an indis- 6386 EXTENSIONS OF REM.ARJ(S March 12, 1975 pensable and irreplaceable instrument for I think the threat 1s sufficiently great to sumes to be the interests of any citizen in relations between the United Ste.tes and merit careful study by the Joint Commit­ maintaining the processes of self-govern­ Latin America-as well, of course, a.s the tee on Atomic Energy to determine whether ment) do not necessarily coincide with the English-speaking countries of the Carib­ the necessary precautions are being taken interests of the legislator (who acquires a bean'. But, he added, it needed a fundamen­ to safeguard the publlc. vested interest in maintaining himself in tal restructuring on the basis of equality Sincerely, office.) The critic will perceive that if the between Latin America and the United RoNALD M. MoTTL, Member of Congress. group against which the sedition statute is States, and of more concern for economic directed is sinall, ineffective, and widely de­ than political issues. tested, then the .legislator who defends First It would appear, therefore, that President Amendment principle risks placing himself Perez sees that Venezuela cannot go too far COMMENTS ON THE SEDITION in opposition to the greater part of his con­ in challenging United States power, and that stitutents. If the group against which the the OAS is the best instrument Latin Amer­ STATUTE IN THE MCCLELLAN­ sedition statute is directed is popular and ica has got for continuing a dialogue which HRUSKA BILL, S. 1 effective, on the other hand, the legislator cannot be avoided. SELA seems to be the who defends First Amendment principle risks vehicle chosen to establish a common Latin losing a part of his electoral base to the American economic front-though even with HON. DON EDWARDS opposition. Certainly it is easier to govern, Venezuela's oil wealth, and Mexican and co­ OF CALIFORNIA and easier to Inaintain oneself in office, when lombian support, it will be badly weakened the First Amendment is perceived an ob­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a.s unless Brazil joins too. stacle to be gotten around rather than as the Wednesday, March 12, 1975 very security of the nation. The critic will therefore appreciate that Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. the very features of the sedition statute that CALLS FOR CONGRESSIONAL IN­ Speaker, David Randall Luce is an as­ he singles out as especially dangerous and VESTIGATION OF POTENTIAL sociate professor of philosophy at the objectionable may be perceived as positive University of Wisconsin. He is the con­ attractions by the legislator. So is it with the PERIL OF PLUTONIUM IN HANDS sedition statute at hand: Section 1103 of the OF MAD TERRORISTS gressional liaison for the Wisconsin Civil Liberties Union and vice chairperson for McClellan-Hruska criminal code bill,a bearing the title "Instigating Overthrow or Destruc­ the National Committee Against Repres­ tion of the Government." HON. RONALD M. MOTTL sive Legislation. I am inserting in the The extremely broad reach of the statute OF OHIO RECORD today Professor Luce's thought­ is its most conspicuous feature. Paragraph IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ful comments on the sedition statute of (a )defines the offense, paragraph (b) sets S. 1, the Criminal Justice Codification, the penalty. Paragraph (a) stipulates that a Wednesday, March 12, 1975 Revision and Reform Act of 1974. I ask person is guilty of an offense if, with a cer­ Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, I would like that the membership consider these ideas tain intent-the element of intent is im­ portant, and I shall comment on it in due to call the attention of this House to the when we vote on the revisions to the course-he engages in either of two activi­ very real danger that nuclear explosives Criminal Justice Code: ties: if ( 1) he incites others to engage in may be devised by madmen and terror­ COMMENTS ON THE SEDITION STATUTE IN THE certain conduct, or (2) he is active in an ists. McCLELLAN-HRUSKA BILL, s. 1, "CRIMINAL organization which has such incitement It does not take much imagination to JUSTICE CODIFICATION, REVISION AND REFORM among its purposes. perceive what a threat this would pose ACT OF 1974" The use of the verb "to incite" by the to our entire civilization. (By David Randall Luce) Justice Department lawyers who initially A recent public broadcasting system The words of Oliver Wenden Holmes, Jr., framed the statute was presumably intended are instructive, "The object of our study," he to avoid the difficulty upon which the prose­ telecast clearly demonstrated that such cution of Communists under the Smith Act' an eventuality is a possibility against told a body of law students in 1897, "is pre­ diction, the prediction of the incidence of the ultimately foundered: the distinction be­ which precautionary measures should public force through the instrumentality of tween the advocacy of ideas in the abstract, betaken. the courts." On this view of the law, "a which the Court held could not be pro­ It seems to me that the Joint Commit­ legal duty so called is nothing but a predic­ hibited,5 and actual incitement to action, tee on Atomic Energy should evaluate tion that if a man does or omits certain which is subject to regulation. this subject, and advise Congress what things he will be Inade to suffer in this way But what sort of conduct is it, incitement legislation may be required to safeguard or that by judgment of the court; and so of to which renders one liable under the terms a. legal right." Seeking to dispel "the confu­ of Section 1103? It is "conduct that then or the public from this threat. sion between law and morality," as he termed at some future time would facilitate the I have written the following letter to it, he declared that "if you want to know the forcible overthrow or destruction of" the gov­ Senator JoHN 0. PASTORE, chairman law and nothing else, you must look at it ernment of the United States or of any of the Joint Committee on Atomic as a bad man, who cares only for the material state. Energy. consequences which such knowledge enables · It is worth observing that conduct fitting "HOME MADE" NUCLEAR BOMBS PossmLE him to predict, not as a good man, who finds that description InaY be perfectly legal, may indeed be conduct receiving the express pro­ DEAR SENATOR PASTORE: "Home made" nu­ his reasons for conduct, whether inside the law or outside of it, in the vaguer sanctions tection of the First Amendment. There is no clear bombs are a real and present menace section in any of the proposed federal crim­ to our civiliza.tion. of conscience .... Manifestly, therefore, noth­ ing but confusion of thought can result from inal code reform bills e that defines it an This fact was driven home by ''The Pluto­ offense to engage in conduct which "then or nium Connection," a Public Broadcasting assuming that the rights of man in a moral sense are equally rights in the sense of the at some future time" "would facilitate" the System program televised nationally on 1 forcible overthrow of government. Nor is it March 9. Constitution and the law." There is something positive and refresh­ an offense under existing law. The producers demonstrated that a college Consider the broad range of conduct that student, utilizing readily available informa­ ing in the amorality of Holmes' philosophy of law. The critic of a proposed sedition appears to fit the description. It can plausi­ tion from public libraries, could devise a bly be argued, for example, that to lobby nuclear explosive capable of causing awe­ statute will be moved by it to eschew "meta­ physical" talk of human rights and social against effective gun-control legislation is to some destruction. engage in conduct which "at some future The television program also clearly demon­ justice; he will shun metaphor, he will not call the First Amendment the rock upon thne'-' "would facilitate" forcible overthrow. strated that it is well within the realm of The work of revolutionaries would be made possibility for a determined madman or which the sovereignty of the people rests, even though he could quote Justice Black, easier if they could buy guns and ammu­ group of anti-social terrorists to obtain suf­ nition across the counter without any checks ficient plutonium to create a nuclear bomb concurring in Yates v. United States, to good effect: "The First Amendment provides the on the use or disposition of the weapons. that could be used to blackmail and menace only kind of security system that can pre· Effective gun-control legislation would make civilization. serve a free government-one that leaves the their work at least a little bit more diffi­ The potential peril of plutonium is illu­ way open for people to favor, discuss, advo­ cult. minated by the substance being so toxic that cate, or incite causes and doctrines however On the other hand, it can be argued that one ten millionth of an ounce can cause obnoxious and antagonistic such views may to lobby against sedition laws is to engage death if inhaled. A small quantity of pluto· be to the rest of us." 2 in conduct which "at some future time" nium is all that is required to build a. nu­ For the critic of the sedition statute will "would facilitate" forcible overthrow. The clear bomb. recognize that his l.nterests (which he pre- work of revolutionaries would be made eas­ Are we taking proper measures to safeguard ier if they could organize their political plutonium from falling into the hands ot movement and speak on street corners with­ possible saboteurs? Footnotes at end of article. out government interference. Sedit ion laws March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6387 which would allow us to clap them in jail government of the United States or of p.ny Neglecting merely editorial change:;, I sec at the first revolutionary ph1·ase would cer­ state a.s speedily as circumstances permit." four changes of substance: (i) The phrase tainly make their work more d111lcult. Will this requirement of intent allow active "overthrow or destruction of the govern­ Of course, this second example brings out members of the NRA or the AC'LU to breathe ment" in the definition of the required a paradox. The verb "to facilitate" must be more easily? Does it render them secure intent, paragraph (a), is qualified by adding contrasted not only to verbs like "to cause" against any possible misuse or abuse of sec­ the adjective "forcible." (11) The phrase "or and "to bring about," but also to expres­ tion 1103? local government" 1n the definition of the r:ions like "to enhance the likelihood of," I am afraid it does not render much se­ required intent, paragraph (a) of Nixon's "t:J make more probable." It very well may be curity to anyone. I observe first that the b1ll, is dropped · in the McClellan-Hruska that a circumstance that makes forcible over­ phrase "as speedily as circumstances per­ version. (111) Paragraph (a) (2) of Nixon's throw more dlffi.cult (e.g. strictly enforced mit" adds little to the definition of the re­ bill says "organizes, leads, recruits members sedition laws) at the same time makes forci­ quired intent. Normally, whenever one re­ for, joins, or remains an active member of"; ble overthrow more likely. One can easily solves to do anything at all, one resolves to the McClellan-Hruska version omits the .::mppose that if a victim of injustice or in­ do it "as speedily as circumstances permit." "joins." (iv) Where the Nixon bill says equity feels it unsafe to publicly cry out his This remains true even if circumstances do "organization," in paragraph (a) (2), the grievance or to seek a remedy in the political not permit the action for years and years, or McClellan-Hruska version says "organization process (because of the strictly enforced se­ never permit it within the person's lifetime. or group." · dition laws), he will be the more apt to It may be a part of a revolutionary's credo, All but the last of these changes serve to resort to violence. for example, that a. revolution stands no restrict the scope of the statute and are One should note that quite opposite modes chance of success, and should not be em­ therefore-from the point of view of the of conduct can equally fit the description of barked upon, until 51 percent of the people ordinary citizen-improvements. The first conduct which "at some future time" "would share the revolutionary goal; and it may be change, which requires that the intent be facilitate" forcible overthrow. To develop another part of his credo that no more than that of forcible overthrow, is perhaps the more rapid and efficient means of communi­ 5 percent of the people will ever sha.re that most significant. The original Nixon version cation, for instance, would enable revolu­ revolutionary goal in his lifetime. It follows would allow that the element of intent is tionaries scattered over a wide area to coor­ that he will never commit a revolutionary present if a person seeks to overthrow or dinate their activities more effectively. To act and will disapprove of the revolutionary destroy the United States government by disrupt existing means of communicaticn, on acts of others-but he is committed to purely peaceful means-e.g. by calling a con­ the other hand, would facilitate the work of revolution "as speedily as circumstances stitutional convention! revolutionaries by making it more difficult permit." The changes do not notably undermine the for police agencies to coordinate their activi­ I observe, secondly, that the definition of power of the statute as an instrument of ties. Even doing nothing at all "at some fu­ the required intent does not include the intimidation and social control, however. I ture time" "would facilitate," because it intent to perform some specific illegal act. have tried to indicate in detail how the word­ neither assists the police agencies nor hin­ The definition lends itself all too easily to an ing of the McClellan-Hruska sedition statute ders the revolutionaries. i:1terpretation which would make ideology would enable the government to "get" just The description has this extremely broad or political attitude the measure of intent. about any organization or politically active reach because it is not required (i) that the In practice, an angry speech or a revolu­ individual, provided only that a revolutionary persons engaging in the conduct be them­ tionary slogan or a clenched fist might suf­ intent can be shown somewhere along tl1e selves revolutionaries or have some intention fice to convince a jury that the element of line. Credit for that wording must go to of facilitating the forcible overthrow of gov­ intent was present. No member of the NRA Richard Nixon's lawyers. Credit or blame, ernment or know that their conduct has or the ACLU-no person at all politically that is, depending upon where one's interests that effect; nor is it required (ii) that the active-sh ould dare to feel secure under the lie! conduct be engaged in in circmnstances in terms of Section 1103, if he has ever gone FOOTNOTES which violent revolution is foreseeable or on record in favor of some radical cause. 1 likely or possible. It is a tribute to the in­ This result is desirable or undesirable, of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., "The Path genuity of the framers of the statute that course, depending on one's point of view-I of the Law" (1897), in Holmes, Collected Legal Papers (N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & Co., the element of intent is confined to those have remarked that the interests of the legis­ who incite the conduct, and that the element 1920), 167-202. lator may differ from those of the ordinary 2 of "clear and present danger" is omitted Yates v. United States, 354 u.s. 298, at 344. citizen. In general, I think, we have an 3 entirely. admirable instrument of intimidation and "Criminal Justice Codification, Revision, The reach of the statute is broadened even control in any statute which singles out con­ and Reform Act of 1974." Committee Print more by the provision that a person having duct which may be itself quite harmless, or prepared by the staff of the Subcommittee the required revolutionary intent is guilty even socially beneficial, and perfectly legal, on Criminal Laws and Procedures, Senate of an offense if he "organizes, leads, recruits even receiving the protection of the First Committee on the Judiciary, and released in members for, or participates as an active October, 1974. Not assigned a number at the Amendment, and makes it a criminal offense time of this writing. member in, an organization that has a pur­ when engaged in with an intent that can be & 18 § 2385. pose" the incitement just described-namely, shown by one's speech or other expressive u.s.c. inciting others to engage in conduct that 5 Yates v. United States, supra, at 324.-327. activity. Words can be used to show that 6 "then or at some future time" "would facili­ other words are criminal. In the 93rd Congress: McClellan, S. 1, tate" the forcible overthrow of government. "Criminal Justice Codification, Revision, and Again the ingenuity of the authors quite The "Smith Act" clause in the recom­ Reform Act of 1973"; McClellan, S. 1400, takes our breath away. It is not required that mendation of the National Commission on "Criminal Code Reform Act of 1973," the the organization have a revolutionary pur­ Reform of the Federal Crlm!nal Laws 7- Administration's b1ll; Hutchinson, H.R. 6046, pose, or that it have among its purposes that · Section 1103, Paragraph (3) "Advocating identical with S. 1400; Kastenmeier, H.R. of facil1tating forcible overthrow. It suf­ Armed Insurrection"-lacks this defect (or 10047, "Federal Criminal Code Reform Act fices that the organization has among its this virtue, depending on one's point of of 1973," identical with the recommendation purposes-and it need not be the sole pur­ view.) The intent must relate to criminal of the National Commission on Reform of the pose, or the chief purpose-that of engaging conduct of a specific kind (engaging in armed Federal Criminal Laws. in the proscribed incitement. insurrection); the advocacy must be done in 7 Reform of the Federal Criminal Laws: Taking the words at their face value, then, circumstances in which there is "substantial Hearings before the Subcommittee on it would seem that if the National Rifle As­ likelihood" the advocacy "will imminently Criminal Laws and Procedures of the Com­ sociation incites people to lobby against ef­ produce" the criminal conduct; and one can mittee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, Feb. 10, feotive gun-control legislation, then it is be prosecuted for "attempting to advocate" 1971, Part I: Report of the National Commis­ an organization liable under the statute. or "conspiring to advocate" only under very sion on Reform of the Federal Criminal Laws, And if the American Civil Liberties Union special conditions. The ordinary citizen can at 232-233. incites people to lobby against sedition laws, breathe easily under the terms o! that then it is also liable. It follows that one who statute. ·'organizes, leads, recruits members for, or Section 1103 of the McClellan-Hruska bill participates as an ac';;ive member in" either may well be termed "Nixon's Smith Act." It OIL IMPORT TARIFF the National Rifle Association or the Ameri­ is a slightly modified version of Section 1103, C9.ll Civil Liberties Union comes perilously "Inciting Overthrow or Destruction of the HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY close to committing the offense defined by Government," of S. 1400 (= H.R. 6046), de­ the statute. veloped by Justice Department lawyers under OF IOWA Perilously close--but we do not yet have the supervision of John Mitchell ansi pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the offense. In order to become liable to the sented to the public as the Administration's Wednesday, March 12, 1975 fifteen years' imprisonment and the $100,000 federal criminal code reform bill in March fine that Section 1103 provides, an element 1973. The changes introduced 1n the Mc­ Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, I voted of intent is required. One must be active 1n Clellan-Hruska b111, though slight, are to recommit the oil import bill to the the organization "with intent to bring about actually significant improvements that Ways and Means Committee because I the forcible overthrow or destruction of the' deserve comment. felt Congress should have an opportunity 6388 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 to draft an alternative energy conserva­ and totally dedicated public service he ing the benefits of a good health insur­ tion measure, one that would provide the gave to all of us, I know I can speak for ance program suffer a double jolt when best means of energy conservation at all of our mutual friends throughout laid off. I do not believe we can deny the least cost to the consumer. Congress the Ukiah, Mendocino County, and Red­ these workers good health care during has shown a willingness to take construc­ wood Empire areas, when I say we will this inflationary time. tive action to alleviate our present energy not forget Ralph's balanced perspective, shortfall. This country cannot continue his wise counsel, and his deep sense of to waste fuel. personal commitment to the citizens and I do not, however, favor gasoline ra­ the city of Ukiah. I am sure that all of THE GEORGIA POWER PROJECT: A tioning nor do I believe a 10-cent annual us who represent this area are going to STRATEGY FOR SOCIALISM­ increase in gas taxes for the next 5 years be depending on Ralph as an elder PART I is fair to the consumer. It is up to Con­ statesman who can keep us on the right gress to arrive at the most equitable way track, with continuing advice and coun­ HON. LARRY McDONALD for consumers to conserve energy with­ sel, as we serve the people's needs. I, for OF GEORGIA out paying an exorbitant price for fuel. one, will be calling on Ralph extensively I voted to recommit this bill to committee for his advice and assistance. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in order to give Congress a chance to As most of us who serve in elected Wednesday, Ma1·ch 12, 1975 draft a conservation measure that will positions of responsibility know, freedom Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. be the least expensive for the people of rests, and always will, on individual re­ Speaker, during the period of the en­ Iowa and the rest of the country and sponsibility, individual integrity, individ­ ergy crisis which has been in the news at the same time get this country on the ual effort, individual courage, and indi­ for the past 2 years, a number of orga­ road toward energy self -sufficiency. ·vidual religious faith. nizations and individuals have seized this Knowing Ralph Buxton as well as I opportunity to call for nationalization do, his character, philosophy, and ac­ of the entire energy industry as a cure­ tions, over the years, have reflected his all to this part of the inflationary spiral RALPH BUXTON-A DISTINGUISHED belief in the above-stated principles. caused by deficit spending and big gov­ PUBLIC SERVANT ernment. One of the most active groups which . HON. DON H. CLAUSEN has seized on the energy shortage as an INTRODUCTION OF TWO BILLS RE­ organizing tool to promote an end to the OF CALIFORNIA GARDING UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES free enterprise system and a move to Marxist socialism is the Georgia Power Wednesday, March 12, 1975 HON. ELWOOD HILLIS Project. Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker, OF INDIANA For the information of my colleagues, I rise today in recognition of an old and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am today bringing them the first part dear friend and a dedicated public serv­ of my report on this group of skilled ant from my northern California area, Wednesday, March 12, 1975 radical organizers masquerading as a Mr. Ralph I. Buxton of Ukiah, Calif., Mr. HILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I believe the consumer organization: who recently retired from the city coun­ continued high rate of unemployment THE GEORGIA POWER PROJECT: A STRATEGY cil after a long and distinguished career warrants co:·1gressional consideration of FOR SOCIALISM-PART I in local government. two ·oms which I haYe introduced today. The Georgia Power Project (GPP) was Ralph was first elected to the Ukiah If enacted, these measures will offer formed in July, 1972, by a small group of City Council in 1958, and was reelected in further assistance to those who have people associated with the Institute for Southern Studies (ISS). A self-admitted so­ 1962, and again in 1970. He served as been laid off due to the present state of cialist organization, this small band of Marx­ mayor of Ukiah in 1965 and again in our economy. The first piece of legisla­ ists has been able to manipulate local issues 1971, and continued serving on the city tion advocates the extension of the emer­ effectively through its command of the mass council until his recent retirement. gency unemployment compensation pro­ media and alliances with various Atlanta During these years, Ralph proved gram for an additional 13 weeks. We are labor and civil rights organizations. himself to be a real friend of the people aa aware of the high national rate of In a document entitled "The Fight Against by championing the rights of individ­ unemployment which, according to the the Georgia Power Company" which was uals and property owners and striving Department of Labor, is presently rang­ distributed at the Citizens Energy Confer­ ence in Washington, D.C., in February, 1974, for the highest standards of economy, ing around 8.2 percent. Many specific the GPP stated: efficiency, and integrity in government. areas in the country have been hit even "One of the major areas of political strug­ While examples of Ralph's achievements harder. In several of the counties in my gle in the coming years is undoubtedly going and accomplishments are too numerous district in · Indiana, unemployment is to be the production, distribution and use to list completely, he is and always will ranging between 10 to 15 percent. The · of energy in this country and the world. be remembered by his fellow Ukiahans Federal Government should do all it Socialists must begin to make themselves a for his efforts in improving and updat­ can to continue to assist the unemployed. part of the struggles going on around the question of power and energy. Sane, intem­ ing the city's transportation, public util­ One of the prime ways assistance can be gent policies and action around this issue ities, solid was,te disposal, and recreation offered, is to extend the emergency .un­ can help make socialism a viable alternative systems and facilities. I know from my employment compensation program. in American life in the next few years." years of personal experience in working I also advocate passage of my legisla­ This Power Project position paper states with Ralph that he took a responsive tion calling for the Federal Government that this group of Marxists chose the Georgia and reasonable approach in carrying out to pay the health insurance premiums of Power Company as its target :first because his responsibilities. unemployed individuals who are eligible the company had asked for a rate increase Ralph Buxton and I were both born for weekly benefits under a State or Fed­ and they recognized that no consumer ever enjoys paying his utility bills; second be­ in Humboldt County. I am proud to say eral unemployment compensation pro­ cause the utility, of course, is a monopoly, I have known him all my life. One of gram. It is my belief that those individ­ a word with certain negative connotations Ralph's greatest strengths was his desire ·uals who have been paying health insur­ they could exploit; and third because "the and dedication to do the "right thing" ance premiums under a company pro­ Company is one of the largest economic as opposed to that which was politically gram should not be required to give up forces in the state and is currently embark­ expedient. In taking this approach, he their right to adequate health coverage ing upon a massive program of expansion set an example for all those around him because they can no longer find em­ and growth." The expansion of services to its ployment. Many workers find that they customers, now greatly curtailed, had to be to follow, and I know that he enjoyed stopped so that consumer dissatisfaction the highest respect and admiration, not can no longer afford to continue their with the power company would increase. only from those people he served but health insurance payments after being The Power Project's plan was to create so those who served with him. laid off and are therefore forced to dis­ much hostility and dissatisfaction with the While no one would want to deny continue their coverage. At a time when utility that "anything else" would seem bet­ Ralph the retirement he so richly de­ adequate health care costs are high, ter. And that "anything else" would be serves for the many years of capable those individuals who have been enjoy- socialism. March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6389 The Marxists, who of necessity believe that balance in the work force of the area, i.e. October League, another Maoist communist ultimately a "class war" of workers against more women and blacks; 4) the Company to organization many of whose leaders were owners of businesses will arise in this coun­ use only unionized contractors; 6) an end active in the Southern Student Organizing try, established their propaganda line from to Company advertising, an end to Com­ Committee or SDS with Project activists. the start. They stated: pany appliance sales and promotion, and an A fourth stage of Georgia Power Project "* • • We felt that the Company was an end to special deals on all electrical build­ activity began in 1973 with the planning of ideal target for attack. We felt that a cam­ ings; 6) the rate base be strictly limited to the Atlanta Conference on the Energy Crisis, paign around the Georgia Power Company costs of production and distribution; 7) re­ in April. The conference served the dual pur­ would raise fundamental class-wide ques­ view and public control of Company financ­ pose of tightening the Project's local organiz­ tions about public need vs. private profit and ing; 8) review and control of all Company ing while selecting new targets for expanding private power, corporate abuses and monop­ operations; and 9) worker and consumer anti-utility and anti-energy industry activi­ oly capital vs. service and socialism.. We felt representatives on the Company's Board of ties onto a national level. The conference it was a popular, mass oriented issue which Directors." established the Marxists of the Georgia Power allows us to reach out and unite diverse con­ Thousands of copies of this program, de­ Project as among the national leaders and stituencies and interests." signed to bankrupt Georgia Power, install resource groups for this movement for na· The Georgia Power Project's first efforts quota systems, obtain union support and tionaliza tion. were to research the operations of the com­ give Project members control of company The purpose of the Atlanta conference, as pany and find various statistics C&pable of operations, were distributed. In the text stated in the brochure, was- misinterpretation in their campaign. The which accompanied this program, the fol­ "To bring representatives of these con­ Power Project position paper states that they lowing sales pitch for socialism stated: sumer, labor, environmental groups and in­ were able to do this researeh because of the "The Georgia Power Company represents terested individuals together to exchange in­ number of "legal workers" in the group and the brutal power over people's lives which is formation on the energy industry-who owns "because we had access to the resources of the hallmark of monopoly capital ... con­ it, what energy exploitation has meant to the Institute for Southern Studies in At­ trol over the affairs of many by a wealthy the people of this country, and how to effec­ lanta." and often irresponsible minority dedicated tively raise the issue of public control of Among the Institute for Southern Studies solely to the maximizing of corporate profit. energy resources." staffers who have been openly involved with The system which must be created to deal Among the radical political groups present the Power Project are Sue Thrasher, Bob Hall, with this contradiction in our society is so­ participating in the workshops and panels Jim. Trammel, Leah Wise, Chip Hughes (who cialism. and it is our hope that these pro­ were: the Socialist Workers Party (SWP), has returned to New England where he is posals are the first step toward the transfer New American Movement (NAM), October active with the radical People's Bicentennial of power to the real producers of wealth, the League (OL), Worlters World Party (WWP), Commission) and Stephanie Coffin. people who work." National Lawyers Guild (NLG), the High­ The Georgia Power Project has been able The Georgia Power Project's third stage of lander Center, Institute for Policy Studies to draw upon the free legal services of a activity commenced with its intervention in (IPS) (the parent organization of the In­ broad range of leftist lawyers, law students the Public Service Commission's hearings on stitute for Southern Studies), Institute for and legal workers affiliated prima.rily with the company's request for a rate increase. Southern Studies (ISS), Peoples Appalachian the National Lawyers Guild, a cited Commu­ The Power Project was able to generate a. Research Collective (PARC), United Farm­ nist Party opeqoation which has added large great deal of mass media publicity through workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC), numbers of "New Left" and Maoist commu­ this intervention. the Center for United Labor Action (CULA) nist members during the past eight years, The Atlanta area media, considering these (a front of the Workers World Pa1·ty), En­ and the American Civil Liberties Union. attacks newsworthy-but without making vironmental Action, the Media Access Proj­ Members of the National Lawyers Guild clear to readers and viewers that the Proj­ ect, American Civil Liberties Union, Liber­ who have worked with the Power Project in­ ect was a Marxist organizing effort with an ation News Service, Save Our Cumberland clude Roger Friedman, Barbara Aiken, Ginny ulterior purpose--provided the GPP with Mountains (SOCM) and the Committee to Boult, Al Horn, Mary Joyce Johnson (na­ more than adequate coverage. As a result, Support the Shell Strike. tional vice president of the NLG and a re­ the average viewer or reader was given the (Characterizations of many of the groups cent visitor to Hanoi), and Doyle Niemann impression that the Power Project was a with which the Georgia Power Project works who is also the leading figure of the under­ substantial organization with many mem­ follow this report). ground newspaper, the Great Speckled Bird. bers, not a shoestring operation of fewer At the February 1974, Citizens Energy Con­ Ginny Boult and Al Horn are also with the than two dozen members operating from. a ference, sponsored by the Center for Com­ ACLU, and the director of the Georgia ACLU, post office box and occasional desk space in munity Change, a left liberal organization Gene Guen·ero, has also been a Power Proj­ the Institute for Southern Studies. heavily subsidized by the Ford Foundation, ect member. With the help of the free publicity, the the Georgia Power Project acted as a major The other main connecting link among all Georgia Power Project formed alliances with "resource" group for the wide range of com­ the Georgia Power Project main connecting other groups. It worked closely with John munist, socialist and militant groups in at­ links among these groups is the so-called Wright of the Atlanta Labor Council which tendance. (Characterizations of the major underground newspaper, the Great Speckled, represents the AFL-CIO unions in the metro­ leftist groups involved with the Georgia Bird. This weekly tabloid serves as a prime politan Atlanta area; and it joined with Power Project at the conference follow this communications link for the radioals of At­ such radical groups as the National Tenants report). lanta. Almost without exception, the known Organization (NTO) and the National Wel­ Among the groups attending the Citizens members of the Power Project have ap­ fare Rights Organization (NWRO) in object­ Energy Conference were: the Communist peared as staffers on the Bird. ing to the Power Company's right to buy Party, U.S.A.; Council of the Southern In general, the leading members of the advertising to tell its side of the story. Mountains; Institute for Policy Studies, In­ Georgia Power Project are Marxists with In one area the GPP failed. Its organizers stitute for Southern Studies, Interfaith Com­ considerable public records of .agi'tation, had intended to set up and dominate a local mittee on Social Responsibility on Invest­ many of whom have known each other since coalition of radical, ecology and community ment; Movement for Economic Justice; New the early 1960's when they worked together groups to provide a broader base for at­ American Movement; National Citizens com­ in Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) tacks on the Power Company. This coalition mittee for Broadcasting; National Committee or in SDS's southern affiliate, the Southern was never set up as the most active of the for Public Ownership of Oil and Gas; Scien­ Student Organizing Committee (SSOC). local groups were involved with other issues tists and Engineers for Social and Political .Attached to this report are public record and were jealous of their independence, see­ Action; U.S. Committee for Justice to Latin documentation of the activities of some of ing little to be gained from. placing them­ American Political Prisoners and the Worlc­ these Power Project Marxists, as well as selves under Power Project leadership. ers World Party. characterizations of the groups with which Nevertheless, since the members of the they, and the GPP, have worked. Georgia Power Project are also active mem­ GPP PROGRAM bers in other groups, the GPP has partici­ After preliminary research, the GPP's sec­ pated de facto in coalitions and united front NOTICE OF HEARING: SUBCOMMIT­ ond stage was to develop a nine-part pro­ efforts. TEE ON CRIME TO CONTINUE GUN gram which its organizers described as The most recent of these has been the so­ CONTROL HEARINGS follows: called Stop the Coal group who are protesting "The program. in summary called for: 1) the Southern Company's contract to import a reversal of present rate structures of the low-sulfur coal from South Africa. The Stop HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. Company which have residential consumers the Coal Coalition includes the Mrlcan Lib­ OF MICHIGAN paying more than their share and a gradu­ eration Support Committee, a Negro Maoist ated scale whereby the more electricity used communist organization; the Southern Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the greater the cost; 2) no deposits or serv­ ference Educational Fund (SCEF), a former Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ice charges for installation of service and Communist Party U.S.A. operation taken an end to inyoluntary cut-offs of power; 3) over by Maoist communists in 1973; the Black Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I am the sexual and racial balance of the Com­ Labor Action Committee; and the Atlanta pleased to announce that the Subcom­ pany and its contractors must retlect the Labor Action Alliance, associate~ with the mittee on Crime of the House Committee 6390 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1915 on the Judiciary will continue hearings A law that forces widows such as Mrs. the many reasons, he said, "I did complllin, on more than 40 bills which would amend Hughes to return their full month's benefit but what could I do." The law's the law. chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, check even though her husband may have Mrs. Anna Jackson of 3135 Edgemont with respect to firearms. So far, the sub­ died the last day of the month. Street, Philadelphia, also says she com­ committee has held 6 days of hearings CAN DEATH BE RETROACTIVE? YES! plained. Her husband, Bernard, died near duxing which testimony was received The Social Security Act terminates bene­ the end of July and when the Social Security fits "ending with the month preceding the people called for their money back, she said from Members of Congress, law enforce­ month in which he dies." she told them, "I think it's mean." ment officials, and experts on the rela­ No one is covered for the last days or Mrs. Jackson further explained by saying, tionship between firearms and violence weeks of their lives. "I had to pay his bills just the same-his in American society today. Relatively few survivors complain that medicine and everything. I thought it was The next hearing will be held on since they had to support their spouse that unfair." Thursday, March 20, at 10 a.m. in 2237 month, and often with added heavy medical However, more often than not, people don't bills, they should be entitled to the pay­ seem to complain. Not because they don't Rayburn House Office Building. Sched­ feel the weight of the injustice which they uled to testify are Rex D. Davis, Director ments. When they do, they are often brushed away readily admit is there, but because it is a of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and by an officious "Sorry, that's the law." time when there is enough agitation and Firearms, Department of the Treasury, People remember. Esther Shankman is 90 upset without "going out and looking for and members of his staff, who will de­ years old and bedridden. Her husband died it," a& one person said. scribe their agency's organization, opera­ two years ago on the 26th of the month. She The daughter of Mrs. Jeanne Berger of tion, and responsibilities with respect to lives with her daughter, Phyllis Mirsky of 8812 Brous Avenue, Philadelphia, whose hus­ administration and enforcement of pro­ Valley Road and her daughter's invalid hus­ band, Albert, died the end of August, said her band who is also on Social Security. mother would very much like to see the law visions of the Gun Control Act of 1968. changed but, regardless, she didn't complain Those wishing to testify or to submit When Mrs. Shankman's husband died, the entire family could have used the Social to the authorities at the time. a statement for the record should address Security check for their daily existence. She didn't complain, according to her their requests to the Committee on the Mrs. Mirsky said the bills were high and daughter, because it had already happened Judiciary, 2137 Rayburn House Office added she complained at the time that her to some of her mother's friends. Her friends Building, VJ'ashington, D.C. 20515. had already experienced the futility of com­ mother should have been entitled to at least plaining. part of the benefits since her father lived till the 26th. EXPENSES CONTINUE-BENEFITS STOP Mrs. Mirsky was a nswered with the law. The impersonality of the whole ordeal with PHILADELPHIAN FIGHTS FOR "The law should be changed," she said, "I the Social Security officials tends to make SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM thought it was wrong. What can you say, it's many feel the. complaint is not worth the so impersonal." heartache. THEY TOOK HER CHECK BACK Lisl Woller's husband, Adolph, died May 29, 1965 and she 'still remembers how they HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX Mrs. Clara E. Kalbacher of 2943 Longshore OF PENNSYLVANIA took the check back. Avenue, Philadelphia, whose husband, Frank, She went to her local Social Security office IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES died on the 31st of a month said, "I couldn't to complain. She told them that in her opin­ understand how if he had died six hours Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ion it was not right. She said she told them later I would ·have been paid." it was in her husband's last few months Mr. NIX: Mr. Speaker, Joseph Ball, However, she understood the law- when that the most expenses were incurred. publisher of the Building & Realty Rec­ they took back her check. She said, "I had doctor bills, hospital bills, ord of Philadelphia, has begun a cam­ The daughter of Mary E. O'Donnell of 858 everything." Mrs. Woller also said she was paign to reform a provision of the social East Tioga St., Philadelphia, whose husband, told, "I'm sorry, these are our rules." Daniel, also died the end of a month, said, Answered with this, she said, "I found it security law that has caused hardship "Geez, that was two days. We were all really and anxiety to many older Americans in confuslng," ·and added, -the- Social Security hurt and that's when you need it (the official she talked to told her that even if their hour of need. money) too." her husband died one minute before the Under present law, social security She added, "It htu·ts when you're old like end of the month she would not be entitled beneficiaries are not given any monthly that and there are bills and everything." to the checlc benefit for the month of their death, Most, at least, shortly receive a lump sum Mrs. Woller said, "I had so many expenses even if death occurs on the last day of burial benefit which helps; but for others and just at the time when ·the person needs the month. As Mr. Ball has pointed out, the administration double backfires. so much money they take it back. I could Mrs. Lillian Gibbs, of 643 Mayfair Street, have paid the last bill from the doctor with this provision leaves many dependents Philadelphia, whose husband, Sidney, also the money. It's the law but it's wrong." without their regular income just at the died near the end of a month earlier this Being a problem widows seldom face more time when their financial burdens are year, said, "I waited abou:t four months for than once in their lives, so many tend to highest. my payments. We had to borrow money for just forget and say, "the law is the law, I have introduced a bill (H.R. 2834) months to pay bills. We didn't get one penny right or wrong." And anyway, apparently, to provide that an individual's entitle­ for four months." if they are complaining, their complaints ment to benefits shall continue through She attributed the mix-up to an appar­ are not getting to the right ears. ently inevitable common problem, saying, "I Spokespeople for various Catholic agencies the month of his or her death, except guess it was sitting on someone's desk and and the Federation of Jewish Charities knew where the consequent delay in survivor they forgot about it." nothing of any existing problem or complaint eligibility would reduce total family She may have a point. in this field. benefits. But, according to Albert R. Harmon, As­ The Federation Walk-In in Northeast Phil­ I congratulate Mr. Ball for his public­ sistant District Manager of the central Phil­ adelphia does not deal with such problems spirited campaign to eliminate this in­ adelphia Social Security offices at 600 Arch either but the volunteer worker with whom equity in the present law, and I offer for St., they llave "never had a problem with this I spoke, Ben Shapiro, was well aware of the happening." problem. It had happened to him when his the RECORD a related article from the Harmon said the laws may confuse some father died. Building & Realty Record: people but added emphatically, "no problem Shapiro says he didn't complain. "What's B &:RR B E GINS CAMPAIGN To RIGHT FINANCIAL exists." He firmly stated that if there were . the use of complaining," he added, "the WRONGS TO DEPENDENTS any complaints, any and all of them would law's the law." "I gave the check back three days after pass through his office and come to his he died. I'm crippled, I can't go outside. I attention. still haven't heard from them for the burial OFFICIALS TURN DEAF EAR benefits and my disability check hasn't in­ Either no one is complaining, or, more than AMENDMENT TO H.R. 25 creased. Nothing." likely, the con'lplaints are not filtering up to The "them" is the Social Security Ad­ where action could be taken. ministration. Hon. Thf1)dore M. (Ted) Risenhoover Or, perhaps, it is as the son of Mrs. Mary Speaking is Mrs. Elizabeth Hughes of 2905 OF OKLAHOMA Waterloo St., Philadelphia, about the prob­ Lombardi of 3019 Knorr St., Philadelphia, lems she has had with "them" since her whose h u sband, Thomas, died earlier this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES husband's death on May 31st of this year. year on the last day of a month says, "I did Wednesday, March 12, 1975 She is not alone. complain b·ut they turned a deaf ear and Bureaucratic red tape may stall payment said, 'that 's the 12.w'." Mr. RISENHOOVER. Mr. Speaker, the on checks, but what concerned her most is He said, "I think it's appalling. I conf'ider House is scheduled to consider the bill, also a major concern of the majority of it to b3 an injustice." Citing increased bills H.R. 25. During the debate on the Sur­ widows of moderate means-the law itself. at the time of a terminal illness as one of face Mining Control and Reclamation March 1.2, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6391 Act of 1975, I intend to offer the follow­ Jews must carry special identity cards on as appeared in the Washington Post on ing amendment: which the word "Musawi" (Arabic for March 10, 1975: Jewish) is written in large red letters across H.R. 25 both sides of the card. Jewish bank accounts "TUNA WAR" EsCALATES IN ECUADOR Page 52, line 12: After "Act." insert "Noth­ are similarly marked in red, as are Jewish (By Douglas Watson) ing in this Act shall be applicable to the homes in the town of Qarnishli. The Ecuadorean navy's arrest Thursday States of Kentucky, Indiana, Maryland, North Jews are barred from employment in gov­ of an American tuna boat's 18 crewmen fol­ Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South ernment offices, public bodies or banks. They lowing a shipboard melee in which sho~ Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia, have been arbitrarily dismissed from jobs were fired and blows exchanged was the lat­ which have h~retofore joined together in the without compensation and their licenses to est battle in the long-running U.S.-Ecuado­ Interstate Mining Compact or any other state conduct foreign trade revoked. rean '·tuna war." who joins the Interstate Mining Compact Jews are no longer able to obtain drivers It can't compare with the Cambodian or as long as such States have in force and effect licenses or to have telephones in their homes. Middle East crisis, but the escalating "tuna a "Mining Lands Reclamation Act." (The only exceptions are doctors and a hand­ war" is anything but a laughing matter to ful of merchants given preferential treat­ the A1nerican tuna industry, the Ecuadoreans Mr. Speaker, the Oklahoma legislature ment.) or the State Department. passed a joint resolution urging Congress In the past few years only a handful of The 23-year-old dispute is over fishing to provide this exemption. the many qualified Jewish students have rights in that part of the Pacific Ocean with­ Many States, including Oklahoma, been admitted to Syrian universities. As a in 200 miles of Ecuador's coast, an area over have viable reclamation laws which are result many young Jews are unemployed or which the Andean nation of 7 million people working quite well. The additional im­ eke out a living as peddlers. claims sovereignty. Jews are forbidden to sell their homes or The tuna, one of the world's most valuable position of laws and a new bureaucracy other real estate. The government takes over to enforce a new strip mining and rec­ seafoods, is a large, highly migratory fish. title to property of Jews who die if any Large schools of tuna can often be found lamation act at the Federal level is, heirs are no longer living in Syria. (In the in the disputed waters, which normally sup­ therefore, unnecessary. case of Moslem a nd Christian Syrians, the ply a substantial portion of U.S. tunafish There is no reason to relieve the legis­ shares of heirs outside the country are di­ consumption-1.4 billion seven-ounce cans latures of the various States of the re­ vided among the family members remaining annually. sponsibility of caring for their own land, in Syria. It is only in the case of Jews that Ecuadorean law says that no ships, includ­ wood and water. Certainly, those repre­ the government confiscates the property.) i~J g an American tuna fleet of at least 130 sentatives within the various States are As a result, many Jewish families are re­ ve"'Sels largely operating out of Southern .aware of ecological needs and sound duced to poverty. California, can fish there without buying li­ The Jewish schools have Moslem govern­ censes costing $20,000 to $31,000 per boat, conservation. Especially in Oklahoma, ment-appointed principals and Jewish reli­ and that the larger boats can't buy licenses at they are meeting the challenge. gious instruction is limited to fopr hours all. As a member of the Committee on In­ per week. The American tuna boat owners, with a terior and Insular Affairs, I voted against Military intelligence and secret police rep­ few exceptions, have refused to buy the li­ reporting H.R. 25 and wrote a dissent in resentatives frequently search Jewish homes. censes because they don't recognize Ecuador's the report. I invite my colleagues to re­ Jews are held for interrogations and tortured claim to a 200-mile territorial limit. They view my position in that report. at the whim of the police. l'!ave insisted that international and U.S. laws maintain the "freedom of the seas" in the disputed waters. The State Department agrees in principle AMEHICL\.N FISHERMEN CONTINUE with the tuna industry in not recognizing DISCRIMIN'ATORY RESTRICTIONS TO BE HELD HOSTAGE IN "TUNA the Ecuadorean claim, but it has done so , I.MPOSED ON SYRIAN JEWS much more softly and diplomatically leaving VlAR" the American tuna men bitterly angry that the U.S. government has not more :1.ggres­ U•.-ely supported its citizens. HON. JOE MOAKLEY HON. mARK W. HANUAFORD Despite a demand Friday from the Ameri­ OF MASSACHUSETTS OF CALIFORNIA can Tumiboat Association that President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI'ilES Ford dispatch U.S. destroyers to the disputed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES waters, State Department officials are de­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 Wednesday_, March 12, 1975 termined to avoid anything that Latin Amer­ Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, for many Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speaker, I am icans could call "gunboat diplomacy." years, the Jewish Community Council of At the same time, State Department dismayed that we as a nation continue sources said, the U.S. government wants to Metropolitan Boston has been keeping to tolerate the present international sit­ avoid any recognition of Ecuador's claimed me informed of the problems facing the uation which forces our taxpayers to pay sovereignty that would encourage more na­ Jewish people of the world. ransom for the release of some of our tions to make similar unilateral claims. Espe­ Recently, the Task Force on Jews in citizens ca.ptured while trying to make a cially, with the international "law of the sea" Arab Countries, a member organization, living in international waters. conference about to resume in Geneva. transmitted to me a fact sheet on dis­ However, this situation has existed· for The U.S.-Ecuadorean "tuna war" has yet criminatory restrictions imposed on Syr­ many years. Due to the differences in the to result in any fatalities. However, between ian Jews. They have informed me that 1955 and 1975 it cost the U.S. government recognition of territorial seas between $5.6 million in funds reimbursed to American "a major television and radio network the United States with a 3-mile limit and tuna boatmen for fines and other losses they and a leading newspaper" recently pre­ Ecuador which claims a 200-mile limit, have suffered when their boats have been sented serious misinformation about the many of our fishing vessels with cargo seized by the Ecuadoreans. condition of the Syrian Jewish commu­ and crew have been captured in what we By law the U.S. government will have to nity. For this reason, I submit this fact recognize as the open seas. pay several million dollars more in reim­ sheet to be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL This explosive situation has been in­ bursements as the result of the seizure RECORD for the benefit of my colleagues. tensified recently by the outbreak of vio­ this winter of seven American tuna boats Following is the fact sheet: lence and threat of life to these captured under a much tougher Ecuadorean law that DISCRIMINATORY RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED ON provides for confiscation of a ves~:el·s entire fishermen who remain hostage to ambig­ catch. SYRIAN JEWS uous international policies. The following is an updated listing, based The seven American tuna boats were seized upon eye witness and other reliably confirmed I believe that this deplorable situa­ between Jan. 25 and Feb. 1 while fishing reports, of the numerous discriminatory re­ tion is long overdue for correction. There­ from 75 to 150 miles off the Ecuadcrean strictions to which Syrian Jews are currently fore, I have introduced a bill today to coast. being subjected: help alleviate part of the present situa­ The seven boats had to pay fines totaling Jews are forbidden to leave the country. ion. This bill would, in effect, withhold $1.7 million-from $71,440 to $529,800 a ship. They are not even permitted to join relatives our foreign assistance to countries such Their tuna catches were confiscated and the in the United States, Canada or other coun­ as Ecuador who have captured our fish­ boats were held for at least 27 days. How­ tries far from the Middle East. ing vessels and required exorbitant fines ever, by last week, five of the seven American Jews still require special permission from boats and a Panamanian boat also seized the secret police to travel more tllan three for their release. had been allowed to leave. miles from their homes. Mr. Speaker, in order that this situa­ Two American bo~tts were still being held, A nightly curfew is still imposed on the tion be better known, I should like to tlle Jacqueline A at the Ecuadorean port of Jews and they are subject to periodic roll insert into the RECORD a copy of the Manta, and the Neptune at the port of calls. article "Tuna War Escalates in Ecuador" Salinas. Relations between the captive crew- I 6392 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 Dakota, Bill Archer, Republican, of Texas, converted minelayer-costing $3 million to dynamic woman who, through her lead­ Edward P. Boland, Democrat, of Massachu­ $5 million and with crews averaging 20 men ership of the Woman's Hospital Alumnae setts, John Buchanan, Republican, of Ala­ are used to catch the tuna. Association, has served countless men bama, Clair W. Burgener, Republican, of The crews are paid in shares of the total California, James C. Cleveland, Republican, catch's sale price. Robert C. Wilson, a Com­ and women for a quarter of a century. of New Hampshire, James M. Collins, Repub­ merce Department fisheries expert, said that She is Maude Cobham Oelschlager ot men and their Ecuadorean guards were be­ in a good year tuna boat captains make more Lindenhurst, N.Y. coming increasingly tense. than $50,000 and average crewmen earn Just last month, after 25 years as pres­ The arrest Thursday of 18 Nept une crew­ $25,000. But the work is hard, continuous and ident, Mrs. Oelschlager set aside her men, including seven American citizens, after lonely. gavel. She first assumed presidency of a wild fracas, occurred after Ecuadorean The American tuna fieet has vigorously the club when it was known as the Phalo guards were forced off the boat and then lobbied for what it sees as its fishing rights. Club, the second oldest incorporated re-boarded it in much larger numbers with The tuna industry has been an infiuential women's club in the United States. automatic weapons and bayonets. There are group. conflicting accounts of how the fight started, The American tuna industry succeeded in During her presidency, Mrs. Oel­ with each side blaming the other. No one 1967 in having a revised Fishermen's Protec­ schlager was active in British War Relief, was seriously injured. tive Act enacted by Congress, providing for was a member of the Red Cross Second The crewmen were released, but on Friday full U.S. compensation to owners of tuna Reserve Corps, worked in blood donor three were rearrested. August Felando, gen­ boats fined by Ecuador. This means that U.S. service, and served at local U.S.O. cen­ eral manager of the American Tunaboat As­ taxpayers will be picking up the full tab ters. She was active as a regent in Anne sociation, said yesterday that two were ac­ for the fines, which total more than 10 times Hathaway Chapter, Daughters of the quitted and one was convicted and sen­ what the license fees would have cost til British Empire. Under her direction, the tenced to five days in jail and a $400 fine. owners of the seven seized boats had paid The battle aboard the Neptune brought them. Actually, only five of the seven boats nurses alumnae raised $25,000 to endow quick demands for a stern U.S. response. The were eligible for licenses, the other two being a private hospital room to be used by crew gave the U.S. consul a statement urging too large. any alumnae nurse needing hospital "U.S. destroyers be dispatched off the coast The State Depart men t officially says it treatment. The alumnae association of Ecuador to protect our people." is up to the tuna boat owners to decide also adopted a resolution to establish a Former California Gov. Ronald Reagan whether or not to buy the licenses. Only a loan plan to help any member in dis­ wrot e in a newspaper column that in re­ few have. However, representatives of the tress. sponse to Ecuador's action, the United States American Tu naboat Association charged Mrs. Oelschlager will continue her should consider extending its sea claim to 200 that the State Department unofficially has miles or the "U.S. government next winter discouraged the tuna boat owners from pur­ service as treasurer of the association, should send along a destroyer with the tuna chasing the Ecuadorean licenses. A State truly living by her own motto: "We do boats to cruise, say, 13 miles off the short of Depart1nent source maintained that though not grow cld-we get older by not Ecuador in an updated version of Teddy there once was such unofficial pressure, growing." Roosevelt's dictum of 'talk softly, but carry there hasn't been any recently. a big stick'." The State Department wants to avoid If anything, Ecuadoreans feel even more both "gunboat diplomacy" that could strongly about their nations' claimed sov­ arouse all of Latin America against Uncle SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF ASIAN­ ereignty of the Pacific to 200 miles out from Sam and the appearance of caving in to AMERICANS the South American mainland and to within one nation's unilateral claim that could 200 miles of the Galapagos Islands, which encourage other countries to make similar means that at some points Ecuador claims claims. There also is a growing awareness in HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON nearly all of a 600-mile-wide section of the this country that something more than OF CALIFORNIA Pacific. this nation's present three-mile claim to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ecuador, Chile and Peru first claimed a sovereignty and 12-mile claim to sea 200-mile limit in 1952. According to the resources off U.S. coasts could be very Wednesday, March 12, 1975 American Tunaboat Association, in the past valuable at a time when there was an Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. 15 years Ecuador has seized 136 American increasing hunt for offshore oil and other Speaker, Americans of Asian descent, vessels for fishing in its claimed waters with­ sea resources. out a license. A State Depart ment official said of the like other ethnic minorities, are facing Over the years, several other Latin Ameri­ U.S.-Ecuadorean "tuna war" that "this prob­ problems of critical importance in every can nations, particularly Peru, have also lem has been viewed as part of a larger facet of life, resulting in job discrimina­ fined fishing boats they have considered problem. You can't divorce it from our 'law tion, inadequate public facilities, and transgressors, but by far the most boat sei­ of the seas' policy." government neglect of the special needs zures have been made by Ecuador. On March 16 the international "law of of the young and the elderly Asian­ The U.S.-Ecuadorean "tuna war" had eased the sea" conference will reconvene in Switz­ in the last couple of years, partly because the erland, with the United States hoping it can American. tuna weren't visiting the disputed area in make progress there on the Ecuadorean dis­ This situation is worsened by the fact large numbers. However, this year the tuna pute and other disagreements. that the public is under the impression are back and so are the tuna boats. Under U.S. law, military aid to Ecuador that Asian-Americans have fully realized In the meantime, last year Ecuador passed automatically was to be cut off when the the "American Dream" and that there is a much tougher law that not only provided America n tuna boats were seized. The United for confiscation of seized boats' catches, but States also sends about $2 million in eco­ no bigotry or prejudice directed toward also set much higher license fees and fines nomic aid to Ecuador annually, but the them. Nothing could be further from the and banned any foreign fishing within 40 State Department is not anxious to halt truth. miles of the Ecuadorean coast or by vessels that in retaliation for the seizures. Largely because of this erroneous im­ of more than 600 t ons, which include about All parties seem anxious to have the Nep­ pression, the Asian-American has seen 14 ships in t he American tuna fleet. tune on its way out of Salinas, but as of The two species of tuna found in the dis­ Friday the boat still had 150 tons of tuna programs instituted toward aiding other puted area are the skipjack, which averages aboard that the Ecuadoreans insist is theirs. ethnic minorities while the needs of his about 15 pounds, and the more coveted yel­ Felando said the Tunaboat Association has own ethnic group have been largely lowfin, which averages about 50 pounds. sent $65,000 to Eucador to pay for the cargo ignored. Those Americans of Japanese, The tuna travel in schools often a couple so the boat could leave. Chinese, Filipino, Samoan, and Korean of city blocks long, migrating in the eastern Meanwhile, the State Department has Pacific annually back and forth across the been holding discussions with the Ecuado­ descent suffer in this country, due to lan­ Equ at or so as to stay in warm water. rean government "to explore the possibili­ guage barriers, current and historic dis­ The American Tropical Tuna Commission, ties for a negotiated solution." crimination, lack of education and voca­ to which the United States and seven other tional training, and social neglect. nations-but not Ecuador-belong, regulates In order to better understand this the yellowfin season each year to be certain the species is not depleted. MAUDE COBHAM OELSCHLAGER situation, it is necessary to take a close The yellowfin season starts Jan. 1, and this look at each Asian minority as a separate year, boats must be back by March 12 to be unit, both in a historical perspective, and entitled under the commission's rules to HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY in the light of the present situation which make a second 30 to 60-day yellowfin fish­ OF NEW YORK these minorities face. ing trip. After that, they may take no more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JAPANESE-AMERICANS than 15 per cent yellowfin in their catch of Wednesday, March 12, 1975 skipjack, usually hauled aboard after being Historically, Americans of Japanese caught in 3,000-foot nets. Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, I would descent have suffered recurrent bouts of Large boats-the Neptune is a 180-foot like to take this opportunity to salute a prejudice and repression. March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6393

By 1941, the extent of anti-Japanese CHINESE-AMERICANS third of all housing units for Chinese­ sentiment in this country had been Few ethnic groups in our Nation have Americans are overcrowded. Addition­ marked by the enactment of some 500 been forced to suffer more indignity and ally, a fifth of all Chinese housing in Federal, State, and local laws and ordi­ prejudice than the Chinese-American. New York and San Francisco is without nances directed against Japanese aliens, Large-scale immigrations of Chinese to adequate plumbing. and, in many instances, their American­ this country began during the California FILIPINO-AMERICANS born citizen children. Gold Rush of 1848. By 1851, there were Filipinos were first brought to this The lowest point in the history of 25,000 Chinese living in California. country to supply a need for cheap man­ America's treatment of Japanese Amer­ To ease their fears of the strange new ual labor, especially farm labor. Like his icans came in 1942, when 110,000 Amer­ customs they encountered in our coun­ Asian brothers, the Japanese and the icans of Japanese descent were arbi­ try, they banded closely together-re­ Chinese, he was subjected to exploita­ trarily denied their constitutional rights, taining their Chinese food, customs, and tion. subjected to mass evacuation, and herded language. During the first 20 years of In the late 1920's, as the Depression into relocation camps to live for the Chinese immigration to America, they approached and as competition for jobs duration of World War II. led lives of hard work and respectability. increased, ·an anti-Filipino sentiment Those Japanese Americans who were Then, during the depression of 1876, developed which resulted in riots against permitted to enlist in the U.S. Army after the transcontinental railroad was the Filipino in Watsonville, Exeter, and carved one of the most distinguished finished, a scapegoat was needed on Tulare, Calif., and in Yakima, Wash. battle records of the war. The famed whom to blame the sudden occurrence of According to the Filipino-American 442d Regimental Combat Team won ac­ hard times. The Chinese became that Position Paper, in Los Angeles, around claim as the most decorated military scapegoat. the turn of the century, the chamber of unit for its size and length of service The Chinese-not Chinese-Americans, commerce described Filipinos as: in American history. In addition, the because they were denied citizenship­ The most worthless, unscrupulous, shift­ unit won fame as the "Purple Heart were stoned, robbed, beaten, and mas­ less, diseased semi-barbarians that ev'-"r Regiment", for its troops suffered more sacred. Special taxes were levied to be came to our shores. than 300 percent casualties in terms of paid almost entirely by the Chinese. In Again, according to the same paper; in its original complement of troops. 1882, Congress passed the first of the San Francisco, a judge during the same Despite their heroic efforts in defense infamous Chinese exclusion laws which of our country, they returned to their period called Filipinos: suspended Chinese immigration for 10 Savages who were taking the jobs and homes and farms to find that they had years. When Chinese immigration was women away from decent white boys. been confiscated. reinstituted, only a little more than 100 They returned, not to a well deserved Chinese a year were allowed into this Today, the Filipino-American commu­ hero's welcome, but rather, to find that country. nity still faces many problems. Some 40 Japanese American names had been When obvious prejudice against Chi­ percent of all employed Filipino Ameri­ stricken from community-sponsored nese-Amer icans let down after World can men in the United States are working plaques and monuments that had been War II, almost one out of every five Chi­ in low-skilled, low-paying jobs. This is placed to honor the American dead. nese began work as an engineer, doctor, twice the proportion for men in the total They returned to find that life in the scientist, or teacher. Yet exclusion laws population. Forty percent of all Filipino internment camps had broken down the were not even repealed until 1943, after Americans make less than $4,000 a year. heretofore greatest strength of the the United States and China had become Less than half-49 percent--of all Japanese American community-f8,mily allies. Filipino males have completed high unity. Even with the many contributions of school. Many elderly Filipino Americans They found that family discipline, the Chinese-Americans-ranging from art to of 65 and older have had little formal keystone of Japanese American social acupuncture-discrimination against the schooling; the median for that age group control, was lessened by the communal Chinese-American remains . . is 5.4 years in school. living imposed by incarceration. Of all Chinese men, 41 percent earn Nationally, the percentage of Filipino­ The culminating effect of incarcera­ an annual income of less than $4,000- American males who have completed col­ tion was the devastation of Japanese­ as compared to 31 percent of the Nation's lege, at 15 percent, is slightly higher than American family life and social control. male population as a whole. the national average of 13 percent. This We have done much to repudiate the Although the proportion of Chinese is due to the impact of recent immigra­ unjust laws and ordinances directed males in professional and managerial tions of large numbers of highly trained against Japanese-Americans. jobs is higher than for any other popu­ professionals from the Philippines, which We have done much to change the lation group, this is a misleading sta­ has had a similar impact on the female philosophy which brought about and al­ tistic. Many Chinese Americans who population. Despite this, the proportion lowed the imprisonment in those camps. work in "managerial" professions are of un.skilled laborers in the Filipino­ I was pleased to coauthor the measure actually employed at small, localized American population has remained the which repealed the order permitting the businesses, such as restaurants. Thus, same, due to the fact that college enroll­ tragic incarceration of loyal Japanese­ their income level is not commensurate ment among American-born Filipino Americans during World War II. The with their career classification. youths is very low. work of former Congressman Chet Hol­ There are 2.8 Chinese families living Out of all Filipino-American house­ lifield and of Congressman MATSUNAGA below the Federal poverty level-$5,040 holds, 28 percent are considered over­ in bringing this matter to the attention for a family of four, $5,950 for a family crowded-over 1.5 persons per room. In of the American people deserves high of five, etcetera-for every Chinese fam­ Honolulu, 40 percent of the Filipino ·praise, and I was pleased to join them in ily on welfare. The national average is households are overcrowded, as are 30 this effort. 2.1 families for every one family on percent of the Filipino-American house­ Today, however, the Japanese-Ameri­ welfare. holds in San Francisco. can, despite great strides in overcoming Nationally, 28 percent of all Chinese KOREAN-AMERICANS legal, economic, social, and educational elderly live below the poverty level­ Due to educational, cultural, and lan­ barriers, s.till faces many problems. $2,360 for a single person. In San Fran­ guage barriers, the ability and ingenuity Although recent generations of Japa­ cisco, 31 percent are poor and in New of many Korean immigrants has never nese-Americans have emphasized educa­ York City the rate is a very high 40 per­ been tapped. tion, elderly Japanese average only 8.5 cent. Well over half-58 percent-of the When the national origin quota was years of schooling. Chinese elderly poor live alone, most of enacted in 1924, the immigration of Ko­ In addition, those Americans of Japa­ whom are males who were consigned to reans to America was limited to less than nese descent who immigrated prior to an unmarried, childless status due to im­ 750 annually until1956. After 1962, a sig­ 1925 were faced with laws that prevented migration patterns. nificant number of Korean immigrants them from becoming American citizens. A fifth of all Chinese housing in the began to arrive in this country. As a result, 54 percent of those who im­ United States is regarded as over­ Because of the recent arrival of many migrated to this country before that date crowded, or as having over 1.5 persons Korean-Americans, the major problems still suffer the disadvantages that occur per room. The conditions for the Chinese faced by them are due to a lack of famil­ to those who are not American citizens. are worse in New York City, where a iarity with the English language, with a

' 6394 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 19t5 resultant difficulty in communications. unpredecented problems that are devastat­ The Asian-American community, like This problem has hampered the perform­ ing the lives of these aged people. others in the Nation, has been wracked ance of Korean children in school, and Because of the language barrier and by drugs, especially the younger section has denied many adult Korean-Ameri­ the lack of bilingual staff in social service of the population. Overdose deaths in the cans employment opportunities commen­ agencies, the elder Asian-American is not Asian-American community seem to be surate with their educational level, which acquainted with the available benefits caused primarily by amphetamine abuse, is often quite high with new Korean im­ such as old age assistance, social security, rather than by heroin. migrants arriving in this country. health care, housing and recreation. In In addition, gang violence in both San SAMOAN-AMERICANS addition to cultural differences, some Francisco's and Los Angeles' Asian con­ Despite their loyalty to their coun­ Asian-Americans face other circum­ centrations is becoming increasingly try, their penchant for work, their pro­ stances peculiar to their race. For in­ common, and has resulted in a number ficiency in learning and adopting, their stance, sickle cell anemia affects of deaths in the past few years. strong family oriented society, the Samoans and its detection is combined EDUCATION Samoan-Americans have found them­ with cultw·al problems for the Samoan. It is of vital importance that Asian­ selves victims of the same neglect leveled When we realize that the suicide rate American children receive a quality edu­ towards other Asian immigrants to this among elderly Asian-Americans in cer­ cation in order to meet the needs of ris­ country. tain areas is three times that of the na­ ing expectations, yet this has not been The small but growing Samoan-Amer­ tional average-when we realize that the case. ican population, located mainly in Ha­ studies show that 34 percent of the One of the major problems facing waii and California, represents one of Asian-American elderly have never had Asian-American school children is the the most recent influxes of Asian im­ a medical or dental examination-it language barrier; the New York China­ migration. As such, the cultural and should be obvious that the problems fac­ town Planning Council estimates that 90 language problems which usually con­ ing the Asian-American aged are, ac­ percent of all new arrivals to the United front recent arrivals to this country also cording to the White House Conference: States do not understand spoken Eng­ face the Samoans. Overwh elming to the point that it is im­ lish. And, in San Francisco's Chinatown, Because of their brief history in this pos.sible for the Asian-American aged to look over 70 percent of the new population country, as well as the relatively small only to t heir families for help. lack a knowledge of English. size of the population, few if any statis­ The problems of the aged are par­ In Pasadena, Calif., 15 percent of the tics are available on the Samoan-Ameri­ ticularly acute with the Filipino-Ameri­ Japanese-Americans in the school sys­ can. However, they suffer from the same can, who is generally older than the na­ tem list Japanese as their first language. type of underemployment that currently tional average. While the median age of Yet, the myth that Asian-Americans faces other Asian-American ethnic sub­ white Americans is 26.6 years, the median do not have problems still persists. Very groups; including finding themselves age among Filipino-Americans is 40.9 often we find that programs are not employed mainly in low income, low pay­ years. As a result, we can readily see that aimed at helping Asian-Americans. ing jobs. the American of Filipino ancestry is in Equally often, we find research has not OVERVmW greater need of programs designed to been conducted to determine the depths Other Asian-American ethnic groups meet the special needs that confront the of those problems. have met with discrimination in this aged. In fact, from 1969 to 1971, the Depart­ country, and continue to do so. Native But, what is the Federal Government ment of Health, Education, and Welfare Hawaians, Guamanians, and Fijians doing in the Asian-American commu­ authorized $30.7 million in research and have all met with many of the same nity to relieve these problems? grants to minority communities for child difficulties I have described with other Between 1969 and 1971, grants to com­ welfare, rehabilitation, and special Asian-American ethnic groups. munities to aid the aged totaled $32 health projects; but none of these grants As recently as 1972, evidence of con­ million. According to the White House were made available to Asian-American tinued discrimination against the Asian­ Conference-. communities. American was officially documented by Of this $32 million, not one dollar was The Asian-American community has a five member task force appointed by given to the Asian-American communities for been discouraged and frustrated by the the Los Angeles County Board of Super­ their aged problems. lack of Government empathy. They see visors. Their report accused county offi­ Federal programs helping other minori­ The reason for this lack of assistance ties, but they feel they are neglected. cials of racial and ethnic bias toward goes back to the myth that Asian-Ameri­ Asian-Americans. They see that special college prorrams, cans do not need Federal aid. Again, ac­ designed for minorities fr.om disadvant­ During a 2-year study in Los Angeles cording to the White House report, County, the task force discovered that aged areas, are not available to Asian­ The reasons for this lack of Federal help Americans. The Government continues Asian-Americans were not being actively according to Government officials was that, recruited and advanced as merited by Asian Americans do not have problems. to turn its back on the needs of the their skill and ability. The task force rec­ Asian-American student largely due to ommended the employment of an Asian­ Even when limited attempts are made the myth that "all Asian-Americans do to locate aged Asian-Americans in need well in school and thus do not need Gov­ American recruitment analyst: the re­ of assistance, the results are low due to ernment help." cruiting of minorities in all apprentice­ cultural and language difficulties. Asian-American youth are attempting ship programs: and increasing the num­ Many aged Asian-Americans include to help other youths by developing self­ ber of apprentices in all departments. only their native ethnic foods in their help efforts, but they certainly cannot I give my full support for increasing diets-foods that are not available under solve problems of this magnitude with­ the number of qualified Asian-Americans the food stamp program. Special dietary out assistance. employed by the county government in and cultural preferences of older Asian­ CONCLUSION necessary positions. Americans should be included in the Fed­ But involvement on the county level eral food stamp and commodity assist­ Federal action is vitally needed to in­ alone will not solve the problems of the ance programs. vestigate, isolate, and rectify the many Asian-American. Due to the magnitude Mr. Speaker, the facts are that elderly­ inequities and problems experienced by of those problems, the Federal Govern­ Asian-Americans have unique problems the Asian-American population. ment has an obligation to provide more unlil{e those encountered by other groups, In order to direct Federal action to the employment for the American of Asian and they are problems that must be special needs and problems of the descent than it is now providing. solved by Federal action. Asian-American community, Congress­ THE AGED YOUTH men MlNETA, MATSUNAGA, and I have re­ Perhaps t he most severe problems As in all countries, the hope of the introduced H.R. 182, a bill which would faced in the Asian-American community future rests with the younger genera­ create a meaningful and effective Cab­ are those that confront the aged. tion. Yet, in the Asian-American com­ inet Committee for Asian-American According to a recent White House munity, the young are not receiving the Affairs. Conference on Aging: special attention that should be accorded This measure would establish a high Elderly Asian-Americans are suffering from the leaders of the future. level committee with the specific task of March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6395 identifying the problems of the Asian­ for third party reimbursement by such bill should be considered an independent American, developing solutions to those agents as insurance companies, those Federal regulatory agency for the pur­ pr.oblems, and rectifying the injustices patients with the most ability to pay will poses of the Federal Reports Act. that presently confront Americans of receive preferential treatment. Asian ancestry. Despite economization measures, mi­ TAX CREDITS FOR HIGHER grant health care clinics simply cannot EDUCATION meet their needs without adequate Fed­ eral support. Because of inflation, it is PROPOSED MIGRANT HEALTH essential not only that no decrease in HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLiN BUDGET CUTBACK funding be approved, but that a $29 mil­ lion increase in funding be granted OF PENNSYLVANIA these programs. It is not realistic, as the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL Ford administration has implied, to Wednesday, March 12, 1975 OF CALIFORNIA count on funding from the States for Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, today I these programs, since traditionally the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES am introducing legislation to help offset State governments have not proved the enormous financial burden that low­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ready to offset the balance of health and middle-income .families are bear­ Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, the admin­ care costs for those who are not full­ ing in meeting the higher education ex­ istration's proposed 20-percent budget time residents. In my own State of Cali­ penses of their children. This measure cutback in the area of migrant health fornia, where the population of seasonal would establish tax credits for higher will adversely affect the ability of many and migrant workers is a significant one, education expenses, and it is cosponsored migrant farmworkers to receive any type only $100,000 a year has been allocated by 15 of my colleagues from 11 States of health care. As a result of the proposed by the State government for farmworker and territories. cutback, existing health care programs health services. I think that most Americans as I am will be drastically reduced by 27 percent. In this time of economic crisis, we are tired of excuses of monetary expedi~ at a time when the costs of delivering must continue the efforts we have made ency that penalize the workingman and health care services have spiraled up­ to provide a source of health care for his family. Soaring tuition rates con­ ward with the ever-increasb.1g rate of in­ that portion of our population living at, tinuing inflation, and the reduction of flation. While the costs of health care or below, the poverty level. We must financial aid opportunities are making it delivery have increased 36 percent in the work to strengthen funding to programs unbearable, and in some cases impos­ past 3 years, funding for the migrant which cannot survive without Federal sible, for parents to finance their chil­ health care programs has remained un­ financial support. Above all, we must dren's higher education. There is no changed. Now, the Ford administration seek the development and improvement more appropriate or critical time than of migrant health care services and the now for the Federal Government to dem­ proposes to reduce funds in this vital expansion of those which already exist. area. onstrate its commitment to the educa­ It is true that the migrant health care tion of our youth and to relieving the programs have confronted serious prob­ economic hardship of low- and middle­ lems. Migrants cannot receive treatment DINGELL AMENDMENTS TO SUR­ income taxpayers. FACE MINING BIT..L The bill I am introducing would au­ through medicaid or medicare because thorize a tax credit of 100 percent for the they cannot sign the required "intent to first $200 spent on higher education; 25 reside" statements of full-time residency HON. JOHN D. DINGELL percent of expenses from $200 to $500, in a given State. They cannot benefit and 5 percent of expenses from $500 but from those health programs designed for OF MICIDGAN not to exceed $1,500. A maximum tax those receiving welfare because they are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES credit of $325 would be provided to those an active part of our labor force. Recent Wednesday, March 12, 1975 taxpayers spending $1,500 or more on HEW provisions for "third party" reim­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, on March higher education expenses and whose ad­ bursement of fees have restricted the 6, 1975, the House Interior and Insular justed gross income is $22,500 per year migrant's access to health care, since he Affairs Committee reported H.R. 25-the or less. At higher income levels the credit generally cannot afford outside coverage Surface Mining Control and Reclamation would be gradually reduced by an for health services. Randomness in fee­ Act of 1975. amount equal to 1 percent of the ad­ charging among the various States and I am generally pleased with the bill, justed gross income. localities has further handicapped the but there are several areas where I be­ This legislation would afford much­ farmworkers ability to pay medical fees. lieve improvement is needed. needed short-term relief to the over­ Only a small segment of the 3 million First. I intend to offer amendments to burdened low- and middle-income fam­ place the regulatory functions of the bill ily, provide short-range benefits in terms migrant population has had access to of money and jobs to institutions of Government funded health care. in the Environmental Protection Agency. I am a long supporter of Interior as a higher learning being forced to cut back Yet, the existing migrant health care or close down, and improve the long­ programs have been proven effective in land-management and fish and wildlife agency, but in the area of regulation, term economic and tax situation fm the making available comprehensive health particularly in energy matters, I find it country since the college educated earn care services for seasonal and migrant to be largely ineffective and too closely significantly more money in their life­ farmworkers and their families. In 1974, tied to the coal and· oil and gas industry. times than those without such education. 355,000 persons were served by these pro­ Indeed, Interior has indicated that it In the past, bills similar to this one grams and a projected 20 to 30 percent does not want to regulate surface mining have twice been passed by the U.S. Sen­ yearly increase in use of these services is by its insistence that section 502 (f) of ate, but they were later killed in House­ expected. For the majority of the persons the bill be deleted or severely weakened. Senate conferences. I respectfully sub­ served by these programs, no other It does not want interim authority to reg­ mit that it is time that all of us in the source of health care is available within Congress carefully reexamine our think­ ulate surface mining. Interior wants to ing on bills such as these and recognize their means. wait months to see if the States will do the very real need to which they are Only the Federal Government can the job. I find this attitude totally unsat­ addressed. There is nothing less at stake adequately fund these existing programs isfactory. than our children's fulfillment and our or foster new ones. With the proposed Second. I continue to believe that sur­ Nation's future. cutback, it is estimated that most small face mining within the national grass­ Mr. Speaker, I want to thank my col­ rural health care centers would be lands should be prohibited. leagues who are joining me in sponsor­ forced to close. Larger centers will have Third. I believe that mining within 500 ing this vitally important legislation, and to cut back on the essential services of feet of any national park, refuge, or simi­ I insert a list of their names in the transportation and outreach facilities. lar area should be prohibited. RECORD: Because of the continuing requirements Fourth. The office established by the Mark Andrews, Republican, of North C~----404--Part5 6396 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975

lican, of Texas, Edward J. Derwinski, Repub­ "GENETIC COUNSELING The amendment follows: lican, of Illinois, William L. Dickinson, Re­ "SEC. 1702. The Secretary may make grants Page 210, line 6, strike out "515 (b) ( 19), publican, of Alabama, John J. Duncan, Re­ to public and non-profit private entities to and 515(d) of this Act." and insert in lieu publican, of Tennessee, Joshua Eilberg, assist in the cost of establishing and main­ thereof "and 515(b) (19) of this Act. No such Democrat, of Pennsylvania, Floyd V. Hicks, taining genetic counseling programs. permit shall be issued on or after such date Democrat, of Washington, Clarence E. Miller, "ASSISTANCE FOR AMNIOCENTESIS of enactment for surface coal mining opera­ Republican, of Ohio, George M. O'Brien, "SEc. 1703. To extend the availability of tions on a steep slope (as defined in section Republican, of Illinois, Gus Yatron, Demo­ 515(d) (4)) or on any mountain, ridge, hill, crat, of Pennsylvania. amniocentesis, the Secretary shall by regu­ lation establish a program under which or other geographical configuration which women may, upon application, have all or contains such a steep slope." part of the cost of having amniocentesis per­ Page 238, betwee1'i lines 8 and 9, insert the forme·d on them paid by the United States. following: AMNIOCENTESIS AND BIRTH Payments under the program for the cost (4) the proposed surface coal mining DEFECTS DETECTION of amniocentesis shall, as prescribed by the operation does not in.clude mining on any Secretary, be made (1) on the basis of the steep slope (as defined in section 515 (d) ( 4) ) financial resources available to the individ­ or on any mountain, ridge, hill or other Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke uals upon whom it is to be performed to pay geographical configuration which coutains all or part of such cost, and (2) in such such e.. steep slope. OF CALIFORNIA manner as the Secretary shall prescribe. And redesignate the following para.graplls IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ''VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION accordingly. -~-==-=,_, _ _ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 "SEc. 1704. The participation by any indi­ vidual in any program m· portion thereof Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. FATHER PHILEMON PAYIATIS TO BE Speaker, today I am introducing legisla­ under this title shall be wholly voluntary and shall not be a prerequisite to eligibility HONORED ON 25TH ANNIVERSARY tion which provides for research into for or receipt of any other service or assist­ methods of detecting birth defects and, ance from, or to participation in, any other particularly, for research and informa­ program. HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. tion projects and programs relating to "GENERAL PROVISIONS OF OHIO amniocentesis. "SEc. 1705. (a) No grant may be made or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Amniocentesis is a technique which a contract entered into under this title unless permits the early detection of potential an application therefor has been submitted Wednesday, Ma1·ch 12, 1975 birth defects by withdrawal of fluid from to and approved by the Secretary. Such an Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, this week­ the amniotic cavity of the mother. The application shall be submitted in such man­ end I will have the Pleasure of participat­ ner and shall contain such information as fluid is analyzed for indications of en­ the Secretary may prescribe. ing in the testimonial dinner which the zyme deficiencies, chromosome disor­ "(b) Contracts may be entered into under Greek Orthodox Church is holding in ders-such as Down's syndrome or section 1701 without regard to sections 3648 honor of the Very Reverend Father mongolism-et cetera. Aminocentesis, and 3709 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. Philemon Payiatis' 25th anniversary of which is done at 15 to 16 weeks gestation, 259; 41 u.s.c. 5). service to the Dayton community. has been established as a reasonably safe "(c) The amount of any grant under this A native of Greece, Father Payiatis and accurate technique; it has been title shall be determined by the Secretary. attended on scholarship the Theological found to be 98 percent accurate in the Payments under such grants may be made Seminary of the Holy Cross and the in advance or by way of reimbursement, and detection of birth defects. at such intervals and on such conditions, Brookline Theological School from which The purpose of my bill is to extend the as the Secretary finds necessary. he received a bachelor of theology degree availability of amniocentesis and other ''AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS in 1950. Following his ordination, Father techniques for detecting birth defects. "SEc. 1706. There are authorized to be ap­ Pa.yiatis was appointed to Dayton's Specifically, my bill would accomplish propriated for fiscal year 1976 and each suc­ Greek Orthodox Church "The Annuncia­ the following in the area of amniocen­ ceeding fiscal year such sums as may be nec­ tion." tesis: First, provides funding for re~ essary to carry out this title. In the two and a half decades that search centers on amniocentesis; second, "REPORTS Father has served at the church, he has establishes educational programs to in­ "SEC. 1707. (a) The Secretary shall prepare not limited his concerns to his parishion­ form women of the various uses of am­ and submit to the President for transmittal ers. Rather, he has included in them the niocentesis, its reliability, and availabil­ to the Congress on or before April 1, 1976, entire Dayton community, working for ity; and third, extends the availability of and on or before A.o.ril 1 of each succeeding the welfare of all citizens in civic, as well amniocentesis to all women, on a volun­ year a comprehensive report on the adminis­ as religious, endeavors. He has done tary basis, on a sliding scale formula tration of this title. so as a member of the human relations based upon ability to pay. "(b) The report required by subsection council and as a member of the board of (a) shall contain such recommendations for The text of my bill follows: additional legislation as the Secretary deems directors of the Red Cross and Travelers H.R. 4744 necessary." Aid. A bill to amend the Public Health Service Act His contributions to the religious life to provide for research and information of the community range from his par­ projec,ts and programs respecting amnio­ ticipation in radio and television pro­ centesis, to provide for research on other PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO H.R. 25, SURFACE MINING CONTROL AND grams to serving as chaplain at the Vet­ methods of detecting birth defects, to pro­ erans Administration Center. In addi­ vide assistance for programs of genetic RECLAMATION ACT OF 1975 counseling and to provide financial assist­ tion, as a result of his efforts, the Dayton ance for the performance of amniocentesis Board of Education established the policy on women unable to pay therefor. HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN of excusing children of the Greek Ortho­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of OF MARYLAND dox faith from school on specific religious Representatives of the United States of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES holidays. Father Payiatis also was one America in Congress assembled, That the of the innovators of "Keep Christ in Wednesday, March 12, 1975 Public Health Service Act is amended by Christmas" in Dayton. adding at the end thereof the following new Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, for the Father's activities within the Greek title: information of my colleagues, I include Orthodox Church have spread far be­ "TITLE XVII-BIRTH DEFECTS in the RECORD the amendment I plan to yond his parish and the Dayton area. He "PROGRAMS RESPECTING TECHNIQUES FOR propose to the bill H.R. 25, the Surface has served as a member of the highest DETECTING BmTH DEFECTS Mining Control and Reclamation Act of organization of the Greek Orthodox "Sec. 1701. The Secretary may make grants 1975. The amendment prohibits the open­ Church in the United States, the Arch­ to aald enter into contracts with public and ing of any new strip mine on a steep diocese Council, and on the junior youth nonprofit private entities to conduct (1) re~ search projects (A) respecting the use o:t slope above 20 degrees and requires that conunission of the Archdiocese. In rec­ am;n.iocentesis, and (B) other techniques for existing operations must meet section ognition of his work, Father Payiatis has the detection of birth defects, and (2) pro~ 515(d) requirements until the permanent received all of the titles the Greek Ortho­ grams to inform women of the various uses Federal or State program takes effect, dox Church can bestow on a married of amniocentesis, the reliability of diagnoses at which time no further steep slope min­ priest. He also was chosen to be a mem­ made with it, and its availability. ing will be permitted. ber of the delegation of the church to Ma1"ch 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6397 the funeral of His Holiness Patriarche minimum cash value since it is the desti­ ,my bill to ban private possession of Athenagoras. nation of exported weapons, rather than handguns and received considerable me­ It is most appropriate that the com­ their quantity, which is of greatest con­ dia coverage, mail' on the issue has been munity now joins in hon,oring Father cern to Congress from the standpoint of rolling in. The letter below speaks elo­ Payiatis. We in Dayton have indeed been foreign policy. quently for itself: fortunate to have been the b.enefactors I would hope that the Committee on NEW YORK, N.Y., February 20, 1975. of so much of his work, and we are grate­ Foreign Affairs, to which this legislation Representative JONATHAN BINGHAM, ful that he is amongst us. has been referred, will hold hearings on U.S. House of Representatives, H.R. 3213 in the near future. It might Washington, D.C. May God continue to bless him and his DEAR REPRESENTATIVE BINGHAM: I am in family. also be beneficial if the committee under­ total support of your humane legislation to took to examine the actual effectiveness control the use of handguns. I hope that you of the oversight procedure we established will be able to push the bill to-the most sane, CONGRESS SHOULD EXAMINE PRO­ with regard to the export of weapons by rational, and humane limits-that is, the POSED WEAPONS SALES BEFORE the Federal Govermnent last year to total outlaw of manufacture, importation, THEY OCCUR determine whether additional measures sale, transportation, and possession of hand­ are required. guns. I reproduce below an editorial which My father was murdered on September HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN appeared in the Brookline Chronicle­ 2, 1971 by two men using handguns. My dad OF MASSACHUSETTS was opposed to the possession ot handguns, Citizen, a newspaper in my district, yet his voice was a cry in the darkness. Be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which urges Congress to enact H.R. 3213: cause no one listened, he was killed. Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ARMS FLOW Is DISGRACEFUL Let's stop this vicious practice. Make the Accursed are the munitions makers for gun lobby and the American public hear Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, today, 34 they shall destroy the earth. our voices. of my colleagues are joining me in re­ And the revelation by Congressman Robert Sincerely, introducing H.R. 3213 which provides for F. Drinan that in the past ten years the KAREN SCHNEIDER. congressional oversight of arms sales by United States has exported more weapons nongovernmental agencies and corpora­ than the rest of the world is perhaps the tions. Until December 30, 1974, Congress most unconscionable blot on our record as was notified of weapons sales to foreign a nation. CLARENCE WOLF, DENVER'S SOLAR The mass exportation of weapons totally PIPEFITTER nations only after the fact. The Foreign corrupts the human ideals on which this na­ Assistance Act of 1974, which was en­ tion was founded, and its continuation in acted on that date, contained an amend­ utter disregard of all moral values is intoler­ ment to the Foreign Military Sales Act able. HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER directing the President to notify Con­ Under existing law, Congress must be noti­ OF COLORADO gress of proposed weapons sales valued fied in advance of major weapon sales ad­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at $25 million or more in advance and ministered by the Dept. of Defense and other Wednesday, March 12, 1975 empowering Congress to disapprove such Federal agencies. Congress has the power to sales by concurrent resolution. The adop­ disapprove the transaction by majority vote Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, as of both House and Senate. one who believes that one of our highest tion of this amendment ~JY Congress sig­ Exportation of munitions by private cor­ national priorities must be the research, nified our recognition of the importance porations, however, is controlled exclusively of arms sales in the conduct of American by the President and not subject to the same development, and utilization of alterna­ foreign policy and our determination to oversight procedures. The Congressman's tive energy sources, I am today happy play an active role in the decisionmaking legislation would require that Congress be to announce that I have cosponsored the process. notified prior to the issuance of a license for bill (H.R. 4507) introduced by my col­ The amendment adopted last Decem­ the import of arms by non-governmental league from Maryland hot air which is then circulated around the The article follows: labor and seven hours after the ambulance home. He said he has worked on the system ride began. since retirement from Local 208 about four PREGNANT WOMAN REJECTED years ago and now has a very satisfactory (By Eleanor Flagler and Milton Jordan) working model. Even if the 50 per cent sav­ LATTA, S.C.-A 23-year-old woman gave ings figure holds true for future installa­ birth to a baby girl in the back of an am­ OUR GIVEAWAY OIL LEASE POLICY tions (he thinks it may run higher) that bulance in a doctor's office parking lot here NEEDS TO BE CHANGED would mean the current supplies of natural after her doctor refused to deliver the baby gas could go twice as far! because she had not paid her $350 doctor We guess that Clarence is living proof that bill. HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT American know-how and inventiveness is still The local hospital, I\iiarion County Me­ OF CALIFORNIA alive and well in America and the old concept morial, ha-d refused to admit the woman be­ IN THE ROUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of building a better mousetrap still works. cause, a spokesman said, no doctor had or­ But beyond the success of Clarence's solar dered hilr admitted and obstetric cases are Wednesday, March 12, 1975 heating system and its future applications, is not considered emergency cases. The woman, Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, one sure the larger picture of what can be done after Mrs. Shirley Jean Abrams, had been in labor retirement. Today, too many make the mis­ about 67':! hours when she was taken to the sign of panic is to take an action pre­ take of sitting down on their fannies and hospital. cipitously on the assurance that it will quit producing and there lies the problem. The doctor, Dan F. Moorer, 55, Wednesday solve a problem. It is becoming painfully • The most successful people we know are explained his refusal by comparing medical clear that this panic· reaction syndrome those who really keep busy after retirement. care with groceries: is governing our offshore oil leasing There's enough to be done on this planet to "At the super market, you put your money policy. keep everyone going at full blast even after on the counter before you pick up your gro­ What we are doing is leasing our oil retirement from the active work scene. We ceries," he said, implying tha.t medical care think the great secret of life is to be a should be paid for the same way. lands to private developers without any producer and therein, always pull your own Asked about whether the woman's life but the faintest notion of how much oil weight. To be wanted and needed is the real might have been in danger, Moorer, who lies tmder the leased land. We are doing measure of success of any man, anywhere. has been a doctor since 1949, replied: "What this, apparently, both as a holdover of And ladies, before you start sending in those about my life? I could die too if I started a very bad habit from the days of plenti­ letters of protest on women's lib, we include taking labor cases for free. I'd have 500 . in ful energy and in response to dire warn­ you too, in the above statement. a month." ings from. our good friends in the oil For about seven hours last Saturday, am­ bulance attendants drove Mrs. Abrams to the industry who tell us that if we hurry and hospital and to other local doctors, all of lease these lands to them they can start whom refused to take her case. producing oil a few years after we start HUMANITY-AMERICAN STYLE Finally, they returned a second time to receiving the Alaskan oil. the emergency room of the hospital, where a With very little effort, tne Federal witness was told that while the hospital Government could explore the unleased HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY could not deliver the baby, it would tie off OF MISSOURI the umbilical cord and clean the baby for oil lands anJ determine just how much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $20 if it were born outside the hospital. Mrs. oil is there; we would then have a much Abrams, an unemployed domestic worker, did clearer picture of what is there and how Wednesday, March 12, 1975 not have the $20, according to a friend who much it is worth. This procedure would Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, an article helped deliver the baby. delay production not at all: The oil com­ which recently appeared in the Char­ "I think it's the worst thing that's ever panies do precisely this after they buy a lotte Observer points up how the health happened in Marion (County)," said Mrs. Federa.llease. Lou Pearl Windom, a social worker with the It is time we stopped selling "a pig in care system in this country neglects Marion-Dillon County Community Action those who are poor. The case in point Agency. a pDke" and started getting our money's here is a 23-year-old pregnant black Mrs. Abrams, a tiny woman with a shy worth. I wish to insert at this point in woman in Marion County, S.C. who was wide smile and large brown eyes, was at the RECORD an article by Kenneth Cory unable to find a doctor to deliver her home Wednesday and recalled the ordeal on this subject which recently appeared baby. that began early Saturday morning. in the Los Angeles Times : The woman, Mrs. Shirley Jean Abrams, "I felt scared," she remembered. "I was [From the Los Angeles Times, Feb. 2, 1975] afraid I was going to die. I didn't know what was first refused assistance by her own to think. I wa.s so scared." How SHOULD OFFSHORE OIL LANDS BE USED? doctor since she owed him $350. Finan­ Mrs. Abrams lives in a rented four-room DON'T SELL LEASES NOW; SURVEY, cial considerations obviously were more home With her husband, Leroy, 34, who THEN DECIDE important to Dr. Dan Moorer than car­ makes $37 a week selling furniture in a used (By Kenneth Cory) ing for human beings. But the sad story furniture store. They have two other chil­ Suppose you owned 1,000 acres of land, does not end there. In a frantic attempt dren, a boy, 2, and a girl, 4. and you had good reason to think it might to get medical aid for Mrs. Abrams, the The Marion County Rescue Squad re­ yield oil. Which would you do: sell the oil Marion County Rescue League drove her sponded to a call at the house and found rights tomorrow for so much an acre plus around in an ambulance calling on some itself with a pregnant mother with no place small royalties, or wait a while, have tests togo. done to prove how much oil is actually there, 20 doctors who would not deliver her "They said they wouldn't let me die," Mrs. baby because she had no money. Even and then decide how you're going to handle Abrams said. the oil sale? the Marion County Memorial Hospital She was refused help at Marion County That's roughly the question that Americans refused her admittance because-and Memorial Hospital because, according to a face with the federal oil lands off the Cali­ this is hard to believe-no doctor had hospital administrator, Bobby Phillips, "Ob­ fornia coast. ordered her admitted and obstetric cases stetrics is not an emergency." In the quest for more oil, we already have are not considered emergencies. Finally, About 20 other doctors in Marion where learned that we have to balance the nation's the rescue squad took the woman refused energy needs-both short-term and long­ in sheer desperation with no one else left to help her because, according to Dr. Moorer, to . term-against the need to conserve resources turn to, Mrs. Abrams gave birth to a "Nobody wants a stray labor case, somebody and to preserve the environment. baby girl-in the ambulance parked improvident enough to not save the money." Now we need to learn the importance of a across the street ftom the hospital with Finally, Mrs. Windom who was called by a third element in that equation-who pays the help of the ambulance attendant. friend of ambulance driver Don Jewel, tried what, who gets what profits, and what the This, Mr. Speaker, is humanity-Ameri­ to locate a midwife. economic implications are of the way the oil can style. "I couldn't find one," Mrs. Windom said, is exploited. March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6399 These questions are especially pertinent matter what approach is taken to the off­ under these types of contracts elsewhere in now for Americans, particularly Californians, shore oil. the world. The U.S. government is one of the because the U.S. Department of Interior is Postponing the offshore leasing would not few which still sells oil rights for a "front preparing for the sale this year of more ·than necessarily delay production of on. But it money" cash bonus, does not have profit­ 1.6 million acres on the outer continental would offer a significant advantage in devel­ participation contracts, and receives only a shelf off California. · oping a national energy policy by permitting nominal royalty of 16%% a year. 011 spokesmen and their friends in goveri;>.­ a government-run survey and inventory of In contrast, state-owned tidelands oil in ment make it appear urgent that leases be potential oil reserves on public land. the East Wilmington Field at Long Beach sold quickly to oil companies so that off­ Immediate production of offshore oil is uses profit-participation contracting. In this shore oil can be found and produced. . not the real object, then, of the proposed arrangement, there must be sufficient ad­ But I think such a sale of leases is pre­ sale of leases this year. What would be the vance information available for all bidders mature. The leasing can and should be post­ major effect of such a sa,le? to make reasonably accurate assessments of poned for approximately two years, without The main effect of a sale of leases is an risk and to make competitive profit-sharing delaying the production of offshore oil-if economic one-to transfer legal title to the bids. that's what we eventually decide to do. oil resources from public ownership to pri­ This, then, is the path the federal govern­ During those two years, government sur­ vate corporate ownership. The public re­ ment should follow. Postpone the leasing, veyors-rather than the oil companies--can linquishes its rights to optimum future eco­ have government agencies survey the poten­ explore and determine the extent of the nomic return from its resource. The compa­ tial oil deposits offshore; then decide how undersea oil so that the public can decide nies gain ownership of the oil-something and whether to produce the oil. intelligently whether and how to exploit it. private companies rarely have these days No time will be lost if the public then de­ The differences are that the public would outside of North America-and the ability cides to have the oil produced. And there­ still hold full title to the undersea resources, to control profits. sults will be a better basis for national en­ end their extent would be measured by the A secondary effect is to concentrate eco­ ergy planning, stronger environmental con­ U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau _of nomic power in the hands of a few oil giants. trol, more competition, and a sounder eco­ Land Management, rather than private firms. In practice, the traditional method of sell­ nomic deal for the public. In the typical sale of offshore leases by the ing leases for cash has limited buyers to the Department of Interior, the private oil com­ big oil companies, or joint ventures which panies first conduct preliminary surveys are combinations of big companies. under permits granted by the Bureau of Land The small, independent producers do not AMENDMENTS TO SURFACE MINE Management (BLM) . The government­ have ' the big sums of money needed as ACT which is the people's agent for the sale­ "entry fees" for the offshore oil game. does practically no preliminary survey work The Santa Barbara Channel lease sale in of its own, and does not require the oil com­ 1968 illustrates this economic concentration. HON. SAM STEIGER Total cash bonuses received from the sale panies to submit complete survey informa­ OF ARIZONA tion or interpretive data on what lies be­ were $602.7 million. Exxon, Standard Oil neath the water. This information is con­ of California and Atlantic Richfield, either IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sidered proprietary information, not to be separately or in combinations, paid more Wednesday, March 12, 1975 shared with competitors or the Department than $250 million to win 49 of the 71 tracts of Interior. sold-or 69% of the number sold. Union, Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, Thus, in the usual sale of leases, the Mobil, Gulf and Texaco in various joint ven­ the following amendments will be offered public-the original owners-is at a distinct ture combinations won 17 tracts for cash in a vain attempt to make some sense disadvantage because it has no really ade­ bonuses of $247 million, including $61.4 mil• out of the Surface Mine Act. An act that quate, independent way to judge the value lion for a single tract. Thus, these seven big oll companies won 66 of the 71 tracts, or even with these amendments will add an of the oil rights being sold. intolerable burden to an already over­ Competitive sealed bids are submitted to 93% of those offered. the BLM on a tract-by-tract basis. Tracts are In a society that professes to value open burdened consumers' energy bill. awarded to the qualified bidder submitting competition, it is bad economics for the gov­ The amendments follow: the highest "front money" cash bonus bid, ernment to promote such a high degree of PREEMPTION OF STATE ROLE who gets "the exclusive rights to explore for concentration through the "front money" Amendment offered by Mr. STEIGER of and extract"-to produce, sell and profit from bonus bidding system. Arizona to H.R. 25: Page 211, line 1, strike the oil and gas-"for a period of five years There are other undesirable results of the out all of line 1, page 211, thru line 22 on and as long thereafter as oil or gas may be system which transfers ownership from the page 213 and insert the following: produced from the area in paying quantities." public to private firms without adequate in­ (e) (1) Upon petition by the permittee or The oil companies themselves determine formation on the potential resources. the applicant for a permit and after public how long "paying quantities" can be pro­ A sound national energy policy is difficult notice and opportunity for hearing, the reg­ duced. No lease has ever been revoked at the to develop without reliable information on ulatory authority may modify the applica­ end of the five-year period, or for as long as the volume of potential recovera,ble oil re­ tion of the mining and reclamation per­ some exploration or ·production effort was serves. formance stand,ards set forth in subsections underway. The public loses adequate control over the 515('b) (3) and 515(d) if the permittee dem­ Oil production does not begin immediately rate of development and production when onstrates to the satisfaction of the regula­ after the usual sale of leases. Survey and the oil companies hold the title. The com­ tory authority that: exploration work is subcontracted to spe­ panies can explore and produce-or not--as (A) he has not been able to obtain the cialized exploration companies, and actual they see fit, and to enhance their profit. Im­ equipment necessary to comply With such production of oil usually begins at least plementation of any national energy plan standards; two years, often three to six years after sale thus is in the hands of private corporations. (B) the surface coal mining operation will of leases. The public loses leverage for adequate en­ be conducted so as to meet all other stand· It is clear from this that there is no need forcement of environmental safeguards. ards specified in subsection 502 (a-) and will to rush into sale of leases now in the false The public no longe:r has the ability to de­ result in a stable surface configuration ill hope that undersea oil will be produced cide whether or not to exploit this particular accordance with a mining and reclamation quickly to alleviate oil shortages in the next oil resource at all, and under what condi­ plan approved by the regulatory authority; two or three years. tions. Once the leases are granted, that deci­ and And in the 1977-81 period when oil might sion rests with corporate boards of directors. (C) such modification will not cause haz­ be expected from the outer continental shelf, I think a different contract arrangement ards to the health and safety of the public other oil sources will become available. should be used if the government and the or significant imminent environmental harm Exxon's Santa Ynez leasehold in the Santa people decide during the next two years to go to land, air, or water resources. Barbara Channel is scheduled to be produc­ ahead with drilling for offshore oil. ( 2) Any such modification shall be re­ ing two years from now, at a rate of 150,000 Instead of selling leaseholds, there should viewed periodically by the regulatory au­ to 200,000 barrels a day-almost 10% of Cali­ be net-profit, or profit-participation, con­ thority and shall cease to be effective upon fornia's current daily consumption. tracts for development and production. This implementation of a State program pursuant The Elk Hills naval petroleum reserve could is not a revolutionary scheme. In fact, this Is to section 503 of this Act or a Federal pro­ be producing at a similar rate within two the way almost every on producting nation gram pursua-nt to section 504 of this Act. years if we choose to activate it. now handles its petroleum resources. (f) The Secretary shall issue regulations, In Burma and Indonesia, for instance, oil to be effective one hundred and twenty days Biggest of all the new domestic sources, development and production are contracted from the date of enacrtment of this Act, es­ the Alaska North Slope is scheduled to start out to private companies under a formula tablishing an interim Federal evaluation and producing in 1977 at a rate of 600,000 barrels which gives 70% of the profits to the owning enforcement program. Such program shall a day, increasing to 1.2 million barrels a n~tion, 30% to the company. Other formulas remain in effect in each State in which there day in 1978 and 2 million by 1979. are available, including ones with speoial in­ are surface coal mining operations regu­ All of these new oil supplies could be avail­ centive provisions. The same companies lated by a State regulatory authority until able before any can be produced 1'rom the which would contract for oil rights o:fl'. the State program has been approved and outer continental shelf off California no Southern California already are operating implemented pursuant to section 503 of this \64:00 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975

Act or until a Federal prog~·am has been Section 529, consisting of lines 1 through 24, son has obtained a permit from such regu­ prepa.red and Implemented pursuant to sec­ and lines 1 through 3 on page 306. latory authority. All such permits shall con­ tion 504 of this Act. The evaluation and Purpose: Eliminates an unjustifiable ex­ tain terms requiring compliance with the enforcement program shall- emption for anthracite coal mining, mining and reclamation performance stand­ (!) include lnspections of surface coal ards set forth in subsections 515(b) (2). 515 mining operations on a random basis with­ HYDROLOGIC DISTURBANCES (b) (3) , 515(b) (5), 515(b) (10), 515(b) (13), out advance notice to the mine operator, for Amendment Offered By Mr. STEIGER of 515(b) (19). and 515(d) of this Act. The reg­ the purpose of evaluating State administra­ Arizona: Page 238, line 7. after the word ulatory authority shall act upon all applica­ tion of, and ascertaining compliance with "designed" insert the phrase: "to the maxi­ tions for such permits within forty-five days the mining and reclamation performance mum extent practicable" from the receipt thereof. standards specified in subsection 502(a). Ex­ CONFORMING AMENDMENT "(b) Within sixty days from the date of cept as provided in section 521 (a) (2), the Page 254, line 22, after the word "presel·v­ enactment of this Act, the State regulatory Secretary shall request the appropriate State ing" insert the phrase: "to the maximum ex­ authority shall review and amend all exist­ l'egulatory authority to take such enforce­ tent practicable" ing permits in order to incorpoarte in them ment action as may be necessary to correct Purpose: Modifies an absolute term which the mining and reclamation performance violations identified during inspections. If if strictly enforced, would cdpple if not standards specified in subsection 502 (a) . On the State regulatory authority fails to act eliminate mining operations by requiring or before one hundred and twenty days from within ten days from the date of such re­ companies to meet standards which cannot the date of issuance of such amended per­ quest, the Secretary may order any necessary be attained by any methods known to man. mit, all surface coal mining operations ex­ enforcement action pursuant to section 521 Isting at the date of enactment of this Act and shall order any necessary enforcement SURFACE OWNER CONSENT on lands on which such operations are reg­ action pursuant to section 521 (a) (2). Amendment Offered by Mr. SAM STEIGER ulated by a State regulatory authority shall (2) provide that upon receipt of inspec­ to H.R. 25: Page 328, line 15, strike all of comply with such mining and reclamation tion reports indicating that any surface Section 714 through line 4, page 335 and add performance standards with respect to lands coal mining operation has been found in the following new section: from which the overburden and the coal violation of the mining and reclamation "SEc. 714. Nothing in this Act shall be seam being mined has not been removed." performance standards specified in section construed as increasing or diminishing any Redesignate the subsections accordingly. 502(a) during not less than two consecutive property rights held by the United States Purpose: This amendment prevents the State inspections or upon receipt by the or by any other land owner... closing of ongong mining operations due to a failure of the regulatory authority to com­ Secretary of information which would give CONFORMING AMENDMENTS rise to reasonable belief that such standards plete action on a mining permit and with­ are being violated by any surface coal mining Strike section 102 (b), page 174, line 23 out fault of the mine operator. operation, the Secretary shall order the through line 2, page 175. immediate inspection of such operation by Strike section 512(b) (8), page 243, lines CITIZENS SUITS Federal inspectors and the necessary enforce­ 7 through 9. Amendment o1fered by Mr. RUPPE to H.R. ment actions, if any, to be implemented On page 307, line 24, strike the comma, 25; page 281, line 17, after the word "Consti­ pursuant to the Federal enforcement pro­ insert a period, and strike the remainder of tution", add the word "and" and strike the visions of this title. When the Federal in­ the sentence. remainder of line 17 and all of lines 18, 19, spection results from information provided Purpose: Deletes a special right of a sur­ and 20, and add the following new subsec­ to the Secretary by any person, the Secre­ face owner to "veto" the mining of Federally t ion: tary shall notify such persons when the owned coal or possibly realize a windfall. " (C) Any other person who is alleged to be Federal inspection is proposed to be carried in violation of any rule, regulation, order or out and such person shall be allowed to NATIONAL FoRE~TS permit issued pursuant to this Act; or" accompany the inspector during the inspec­ Amendment Offered by Mr. LuJAN to H.R. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS tion; 25: Page 294, line 21, strike out all of lines (3) for purposes of this section, the 21 thru 23 and substitute the following: On page 282, strike all of line 9 except the term "Federal inspector" means personnel " ( 2) on any Federal lands within the semicolon and the world "or". of the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation boundaries of any national forest: Provided, On page 282, line 13, strike the words "or and Enforcement and such additional person­ That such prohibition shall not be applicable the" and strike line 14 through the word nel of the United States Geological Survey, to surface operations and impacts incident "order" and add the following: "or any rule, Bureau of Land Management, or of the to an underground coal mine: Provided fur­ regulation, or permit issued pursuant to this Mining Enforcement and Safety Administra­ ther, That the Secretary o:f Agriculture may Act". tion so designated by the Secretary, or such set aside the prohibition on surface coal On page 284, line 1, strike the words "the other personnel of the Forest Service, Soil mining operations for a specific area or areas provisions of this Act, or of" and after the Conservation Service, or the Agricultural if after due consideration of the existing word "any" add the word "rule," and insert Stabilization and Conservation Service as and potential multiple resource uses and the word "or" after the word "order", arranged by appropriate agreement with the values he determines such action to be in On page 284, line 2, strike the words "or Secretary on a reimbursable or other basis; the public interest. Surface coal mining on plan of reclamation Issued by the Secretary" (4) provide that the State regulatory any such areas shall be subject to the provi­ and add the words, "issued pursuant to this agency file with the Secretary and with a sions applicable to other Federal lands as Act,". designated Federal office centrally located in cont ained in section 523;" Purpose: The amendment eliminates the the county or area in which the inspected CONFORMING AMENDMENT result of 11ab1lity without fault by prohibit­ ing citizens suits against a mine operator surface coal mine is located copies of inspec­ Line 19, page 296, after "pursuant to the tion reports made; and who is in complete compliance with his per­ Act," add the following: "With respect to Na­ mit. It does not prevent enforcement of the (5) provide that moneys authorized by tional Forest System lands, the Secretary Act because suits may be brought against the section 712 shall be available to 'the Secre­ shall include in permits, leases, and con­ regulat ory authority which issued a permit tary prior to the approval of a State program tracts those conditions and requirements alleged to be in violation of the Act. pursuant to this Act to reimburse the States deemed necessary by the Secretary of Agri­ :for conducting those inspections in which the culture. The Secretary of Agriculture shall standards of this Act are enforced and for administer the provisions of such permits, 10 CENTS RECLAMATION FEE the administration of this section. leases, or contracts relating to reclamation Amendment offered by Mr. RUPPE to H.R. (g) The provisions of this section shall be and surface use, and is authorized to enforce 25: Page 194, line 11, after the world "of", applicable to surface coal mining and rec­ such provisions." . strike out the words "thirty-five" and insert lamation operations on lands on which such Purpose: This amendment permits surface the word "ten". On line 12, place a period operations are regulated by a State regula­ mining in National Forests with Secretarial after the word "produced" and strike there­ tory authority until a State program is ap­ discretion. mainder of the sentence through the period proved in accordance with the provisions of on line 15. section 503 of this Act or until a Federal pro­ INTERIM REQUIREMENTS: REGULATORY Page 194, line 22, strike the word "unless" gram is promulgated in accordance with the PROCEDURES and all of lines 23, 24 and 25 on page 194. requirements of section 504 of ~his Act. Amendment o1fered by Mr. LUJAN to H.R. Strike lines one and two on page 195. CONFORMING AMENDMENT 25: Page 209, line 19, strike out all of line 19, Purpose: This amendment establishes an Title V, page 286, Section 521(a) (4) , line through line 24, and on page 210, strike out across-the-board reclamation fee of ten cents per ton of coal produGerald Ford didn't Therefore, Congress and the President this Act, the Secretary is authorized to de­ use was that he could "see the light at the should now consider legislation banning for­ fine, pursuant to his general rulemaking end of the tunnel." eign investments which require American authority, such other terms used in this Act The smartest thing Congress could do is firms to practice discrimination or maintain as may be susceptible to more than one rea­ NOT to vote a dime for Cambodia, Vietna,m third party boycotts based on principles sonable interpretation, provided that such or Thailand. The Lon Nol administration, less clearly contrary to American law and foreign definitions are not inconsistent with specific popular with the people than even its pred­ policy. provisions of the Act." ecessor, appears to have been a product of Purpose: This amendment authorizes the the American CIA. If we owe Cambodia any­ Secretary to define ambiguous terms con­ thing it is because President Nixon got them sistent with the provisions of the Act, thus involved at a time when they had hoped to VOCATIONAL, OCCUPATIONAL, AND eliminating production losses due to litiga­ remain relatively neutral and worlc things CAREER EDUCATION tion over the definitions of terms with in the out for themselves. Act. If we owe a debt to Cambodia, let's wait until they have a real peace. Then we might give them some reconstruction aid. HON. CARL D. PERKINS AID TO CAMBODIA We can be thankful that America was big OF KENTUCKY enough so that the European powers didn't IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES get physically involved in our Civil War, pro­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 HON. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN longing it another 10 years and tearing up OF IOWA the entire country instead of just a small Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, today I fraction of it. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES am introducing, with the cosponsorship of AL QuiE, a bill to amend the Voca­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 tional Education Act of 1963 on behalf Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to of the National Association of State Uni­ call the attention of my colleagues to an ARAB BOYCOTT IS ANTI­ versities and Land Grant Colleges. That editorial from a newspaper in my home AMERICAN organization is composed of 130 institu­ district which, I !:>elieve, summarizes suc­ tions with members in every State of the cinctly and thoughtfully the opinion Union. These institutions are charged which I and thousands of Americans HON. JOSHUA EILBERG with serving their States with resident across this country share on the issue of OF PENNSYLVANIA instruction, research, and public service. continuing aid to Cambodia. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Occupational education has been a com­ I want to point out that the editorial Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ponent of the resident instruction and did not appear in the so-called eastern public service functions since the found­ liberal-establishment press, but in a Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the lead­ ing of most of the institutions. Both full­ weekly newspaper published in a pre­ ers of Jewish, black, Italian, and Polish time and part-time students study on dominantly rural area in eastern Iowa. groups in the Philadelphia area have is­ these campuses for associate degrees and Its author is a highly respected editor sued a joint statement urging resistance certificates in such fields as technology, and publisher whose insight is recognized to foreign demands that U.S. govern­ allied health, and business. by his colleagues and whose editorials mental agencies and businesses capitu­ More than half of the association's are regularly reprinted in other news­ late to discrimination and boycott pres­ 130 members conduct traditional post­ papers throughout the Midwest. If the sures. secondary vocational programs, and a editorial reflects a bias, it reflects the Issued by Solomon Fisher of the Amer­ number of others conduct programs bias of a m.ajority of the American people ican Jewish Committee; Andrew Free­ heavily geared toward occupational who have sadly concluded that we can no man of the Urban League; Judge training. In addition, there are 115 re­ longer prop up corrupt or ineffective for­ Frank J. Montemuro, Jr., of the Sons of gional and branch campuses of these eign governments which fail to reflect or Italy; City Councilman Joseph Zazyczny member institutions which also conduct respond to the will and the needs of their of the Polish-American Citizens League vocational programs. Altogether, in ex­ citizens. of Pennsylvania; and Rev. William L. cess of 100,000 students study full time The editorial, which appeared in the Bentley of the Interfaith Interracial in these programs. The number of part­ March 8, 1975 edition of the Maquoketa, Council of the Clergy, it states: time students is at least double that of Iowa, Jackson Sentinel, follows: Acknowledgment that the Army Corps of full-time students. Engineers-acting on State Dept. instruc­ WE SHOULD BE SMARTER NOW tions--has acceded to Saudi demands that The bill I am introducing today on (By Robert Melvold) the Corps not assign Jewish personnel to behalf of this association would amend President Gerald Ford went on television technical projects undertaken in that coun­ the Vocational Education Act of 1963 to Thursday evening for a press conference in try requires swift corrective action by Con­ increase the minimum amount of funds which he: gress and the President. Our government States must spend for postsecondary pro- 6402 EXTENSIONS. OF REMARKS March . 12, 1975 grams from 15 percent to 40 percent of POLICE REPORT business suits, they present theh· dollars as each State's basic Federal grant for vo­ 3907 Louisiana Ave. Pkwy.-Burglars forced purchasers of American banks and manufac­ cational education. The States would open the rear window of the home of turing firms. Yet dressed in their burnoose have the option of retaining a single Patricia Robinson, 23, about 7:15 p.m. Sun­ and caftan, they draw up a list of more day and took $3,700 in jewelry; $500 in food than 1,500 names of American business in­ State administrative agency to admin­ stamps and $240 in cash, according to Sixth terests and label them, in a sense, non­ isteT all the funds under the Vocational District police. kosher. Education Act or of designating separate Ford Motor Co., it turns out, has not sold agencies for the administration of the a car or truck to an Arab country in nine postsecondary education funds and of ARABS' BLACKLIST IS INEXCUSABLE years. Coca-Cola is on the Arab blacklist. the secondary funds. Yeshiva University is a natural, but why Laurance Rockefeller Associates when the Two principal features of the bill are HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN family is so closely involved in production an objective method for the State agency and sale of Arab oil? to distribute postsecondary funds and a OF FLORIDA During World War I , the British govern­ requirement that these funds must in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment drew up a list of companies, mainly in crease access opportunities in programs Wednesday, March 12, 1975 neutral Switzerland and Scandinavia, trad­ of postsecondary occupational education. ing with the Germans. British. subjects were State planning would be conducted by Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, for more forbidden to do business with the companies than 25 years, the Arabs have excluded under terms of the Trading with the Enemy the State commissions designated for Act. Thus ws.s born the "blacklist." that purpose pursuant to section 1202 of American citizens of Jewish background from economic, diplomatic, and military It seems strange, with the Arabs talking the Higher Education Act of 1965, as peace with Secretary Kissinger, that there amended by Public Law 92-318. Section missions to their countries and have exists such a list of American enemies. May­ 1202 would be revised to specify the sub­ sought to boycott American firms which be President Ford can stop the nonsense. stance of planning, rather than to solely deal with Israel...... require commissions constituted in a spe­ After years of official silence, these cific manner as is provided now by the practices have finally been acknowl­ law. · edged by our Government. I was very AJ.\.iENDMENT TO H.R. 25 These planning commissions would be pleased to read of President Ford's strong called upon to devise ways of increas­ condemnation of these practices. ing access to occupational education for It is vitally important that the Presi­ HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI qualified persons in the States. The com­ dent's words be followed up with action OF KENTUCKY missions would propose to the adminis­ by the executive branch and by the Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress if necessary, to insure that our trative agencies various methods of en­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 hancing study opportunities and of in­ Government never again agrees to par­ creasine enrollments and would l:l.lso pro­ ticipate in or to close its eyes to dis­ Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, in accord­ pose methods for distributing the money crimination against its citizens by for­ ance with rule 23, section 6, of the Rules to the institutions in the States. Finally, eign nations. of the House, I am including the full text the planning commissions would eval­ I would like to include in the RECORD of an amendment which I intend to offer uate the degree to which the plans have at this point a fine editorial from the to title III, section 301, of H.R. 25, the been implemented and the effectiveness Miami Herald of March 2, 1975, con­ Surface Mining Control and Reclamation of the various ways in which access has demning the Arabs' blacklist: Act of 1975. been obtained. The results of these eval­ ARABS' BLACKLIST Is INEXCUSABLE AMENDMENT TO H.R. 25, AS REPORTED, OFFERED uations would be reported to the Com­ As we read the 14th Amendment to the BY MR. MAZZOLI missioner. United States Constitution and as we under­ Page 180, strike out line 21· and all that Mr. Speaker, this bill is the last of the stand the civil rights legislation enacted by follows down through "a program" in line 22 Congress in the last 20 years, it is flatly and insert in lieu thereof "this title a pro­ four bills which have been prepared by illegal for government to abridge the privi­ gram." various national education organizations leges or immunities of citizens of the free Page 180, strike out line 24 and all that fol­ which Congresseman QuiE and I are in­ and democratic country; nor shall govern­ lows down through "department" on page troducing this year on vocational, occu­ ment deprive any citizen of life, liberty or 181, line 1 and insert in lieu thereof "program pational, and career education. It is our property without due process of law; nor deny subsequent to the enactment of this title and purpose in introducing these bills to to any citizen the equal protection of the which program." spread these organizations' ideas before law. Page 181, beginning in line 4, strike out President Ford reads it as we do and that "school" and all that follows down through the Congress and the public so that they explains his statement aimed at the Arab "conducting a" in line 5. can be discussed and assessed thor­ world's campaign to use its new oil wealth Page 181, strike out line 7 and au that fol­ oughly and objectively. We believe that in a broad attack against American busi­ lows down through line 9, and insert in lieu this process will lead to the Congress be­ nesses, organizations and individuals dealing thereof "traction wherein curricula sufficient ing better prepared this year to write its in any way wtth Israel. What the President to prepare a student for a career in mining own legislation in this :field. said was that such discrimination is repug­ education, mining research, or mining indus­ nant to the American tradition and prin­ try are being carried out and wherein suffi­ ciples. But Mr. Ford made no reference to cient faculty and students participate to Arabs and Jews. carry out research supported by the funds That is unfortunate because there needs FOOD STAMP PROGRAM authorized by this title." to be some plain talk about the Arab black­ Page 181, beginning in line 21, strike out list which is so broadly drawn as to include "school" and all that follows down through the Dadeland Shopping Center here in Dade "conducting a" in line 22. HON. DAVID C. TREEN County. For years it has been common OF LOUISIANA knowledge within the oil industry that when Mr. Speaker, my proposed amendment IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ~ra.mco advertises for American technicians to H.R. 25 is consistent with the spirit to work in the Persian Gulf sheikdoms, the and the goals of the bill and of title III. Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ads might just as well say "No Jews Allowed" because those are the facts of the case. The Title III authorizes the distribution of Mr. TREEN. Mr. Speaker, if you believe restriction never offended the executives of coal research funds to qualifying institu­ that some of last year's $4 billion ex­ the major American companies that make up tions of higher education which conduct penditure for the food stamp p1·ogram the Aramco organization. mining instruction and research pro­ may have benefited someone other than It turns out also that the restriction did grams. the very needy, you may find the follow­ not offend the U.S. Defense Department and The present language of the provision, ing police report, recounted in the Feb­ the Army Corps of Engineers which careful­ however, would deny funding to many ruary 18, 1975, New Orleans Times ly screened Jewish officers and technicians from assignments in Arab nations where institutions which conduct programs of Picayune, of interest. Incidentally, the American aid money is used for a wide as­ high quality, and which could contribute rules of the Department of Agriculture sortment of public works. significantly to the research necessary if limit anyone to purchasing 1 month's But now the Arabs have gotten themselves we are to meet the environmental goals ration of food stamps at a time: iu a box. Dressed in their London-made of this bill. MaTch 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6403 It is important to note that an amend­ The vagaries of university funding and napalm, 1 million people have been ment similar to my amendment was ap­ the differences in the reliance upon part killed, widespread hunger and starvation proved by the Senate after its acceptance time and associate fa.culty among various afflict the populace, and the countryside by the managers of the bill on both sides institutions show how unreliable this is barren. of the aisle. standard really is. The greatest gift our country can give I believe that, if we are going to pass Yet, a simple and straightforward to the Cambodian people is not guns but a strip mining bill with a coal research amendment can assure that qualified peace. And the best way to accomplish funding provision, and I hope we do, we schools-qualified in the educational that goal is by ending military aid now. should give every institution which can sense-will also meet the legal qualifica­ contribute to coal research a chance to tions established by this bill. And we can qualify for funds provided under the act. prevent a goldrush on the coal research Section 301 of title III of the act places funds at the same time. THE COMPREHENSIVE HEALT-H two barriers in the path of schools desir­ My amendment would accomplish this INSURANCE PLAN 0975) ing to qualify for these research funds. in two ways. First, it requires that the These barriers can be replaced with less curriculum of a mining program be suf­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER arbitrary but equally high standards. ficient to prepare a student for a career First, the language of section 301 can in mining research, mining education, OF KENTUCKY be construed as requiring that a qualify­ or the mining industry. I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing mining education program be a Second, it requires that the faculty W ednesday, March 12, 1975 "school of mines, division or depart­ and students be sufficient to carry out Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, today I am ment." Second, the provision requires the research authorized under this title. introducing a bill which was introduced that such a program employ five fulltime The Advisory Committee on Mining during the last session of Congress as faculty members. and Mineral Resources-which already the comprehensive health insurance The first restriction assumes that it is makes the determination of whether a plan. It deals with one of the most impor­ better for a mining curriculum to be a school will qualify under the present tant issues fach1g the American people­ separate entity within a college or uni­ language-will also make the determina­ health-care financing. versity. Yet this organizational structure tion under these criteria. All too often the onset of major illne ~ s does not guarantee a high quality cur­ If any group is qualified to make or accident brings the threat of financial riculum in and of itself. determinations about the quality-or lack disaster. I am sure there is not a family The University of Kentucky is a good thereof-of a school's mining program, or individual in this country who has example. In 1967, the school of mines was it is the Advisory Committee, which is not worried at one time or another about dissolved and the mining program trans­ composed of the Directors of the Bureau their ability to pay for large medical bills ferred to the college of engineering. of Mines, the National Science Founda­ tion, and the U.S. Geological Survey, and in the event of major illness. The bill I Things started happening: student par­ am introducing today will correct this ticipation jumped from 7 students to 85. the presidents of the National Academy In 1972, the University of Kentucky of Sciences and the National Academy of situation by guaranteeing comprehensive graduated more students-22-entering Engineering, and four other persons catastrophic health care for every Ameri­ the coal mining industry than any other knowledgeable in the fields of mining and can. This proposal will protect every school in the country. Student participa­ minerals research. American from the financial ruin which tion remains very high. Mr. Speaker, it is my hope that the can accompany illness and injury. By organizing the mining curriculum amendment will be adopted, in the inter­ And it goes several steps further. It as an elective program within the col­ est of the best possible coal research pro­ will provide the same broad health care lege of engineering, the university gram and in the interest of equity. benefits to every American, regardless of strengthened-rather than weakened­ ability to pay, while assuring that the the program. services provided are of high quality. So, although the University of Ken­ Moreover, since nearly everyone agrees tucky has had a mining program con-· END MILITARY AID TO CAMBODIA that prevention is better than cure, but tinuously since 1901, and in 1972 estab­ NOW hardly anyone acts as if he believes it, lished a new Institute for Mining and I h ave designed a new section on preven­ Minerals Research in the college of en­ tive medical services. Prevention has gineering, it would not qualify for fund­ HON. CHRISTOPHER J. DODD greater long-range health value than other kinds of health services and the ing under the present wording of section OF CONNECTICUT provision of such services may ultimately 301. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Perhaps the crowning irony is that result in reducing the cost of all services. Kentucky has long been one of the Na­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 As Prof. J. M. McKintosh reported some tion's primary coal producers, and has Mr. DODD. Mr. Speaker, the time has years ago: for several years been the foremost victim come when the United States must admit Palliatives nearly always tak,e precedence of unbridled strip mining. that is has done all it possibly could to over prevention and our health services today The second constraint of section 301 is keep the regime of President Lon Nolin are too heavily loaded with salvage. that five fulltime faculty members must power in Cambodia. It no longer matters My proposal reverses this tradition and be employed by the school. This require­ that we should have withdrawn our sup­ emphasizes prevention. We intend not ment would disqualify several outstand­ port sooner; what matters is that we end only to protect people against the costs ing schools, including some accredited by military aid to Cambodia now. of caring for sickiless, but to advance, the Engineers Council for Professional President Ford has tried to make this maintain, and promote health to head off Development. an issue by charging Congress with sickness. According to the Engineering Educa­ abandoning an ally. I say t:Q.at calling In reviewing this proposal with its tion Association, which has offices here the Lon Nol regime an ally is to debase new section on preventive medical serv­ in Washington, the catalogs of at least the meaning of the word as it applies ices, I want to remind my colleagues that three fully accredited schools show that to our true allies. We have no defense the President has clearly and repeatedly they employ less than five fulltime committment to Cambodia, and none is stated his opposition to enactment this faculty. claimed by the President. year of new spending programs, even Michigan Tech, the Montana College In ending military aid, the United though the programs would call for no of Mineral Science and Technology, and States should make certain that the expenditures during this year. I under­ the University of Wisconsin at Platte­ transition of government take place in stand and fully respect the President's ville would apparently not qualify even an orderly and humane manner. We position. Yet at a time when there will though they are accredited institutions. should continue our efforts to supply the soon be much discussion of national Another three schools barely meet the Cambodian people with food and other health insurance, I believe that the Con­ minimum requirement by having exactly humanitarian aid. gress should formally have before it this five fulltime faculty. Today, after 5 years of bombing and thoughtful proposal, with its new preven- 6404 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 tive medical services section, so that it a policy. Hence, a family's total liability and services such as prosthetic devices, may be considered in debate with other can reach astronomical proportions even dialysis equipment and supplies, X-rays, proposals which have been developed to if they do have insurance coverage; and laboratory work, ambulance services, consider the cluster of concerns we refer Fourth. Excessively high administra­ mental health services, outpatient visits to as our national health-care crisis. tive costs characterize plans sold to in­ to private practitioners, and services at I know that every Member of Con­ dividuals who cannot obtain group cover­ comprehensive community care centers. gress shares a concern for the health age. The result is a significant amount of Finally, the benefit package includes status of the American people, for finan­ insurance dollars spent on administra­ maternity and well-child care, prenatal cial hardship which so often accom­ tive costs which could and should be care, family planning services and pre­ panies major illness, for the seemingly diverted into payment for direct health ventive medical services provided at cer­ unending rise in health care costs, and care services. In addition, it is inequitable tain ages, including periodic health ex­ for other inadequacies in the present that such individuals should be pre­ aminations, growth and systems review, health-care system. The proposal I am cluded from purchasing health insurance counselling, vision and hearing exam­ introducing represents a proper and at reasonable rates simply because they inations, dental care, and certain lab­ workable approach to the solution of the are not a member of a group which can oratory tests. Nation's health problems. Before discuss­ qualify for lower rates. Let me further develop this point about ing this proposal, I would like to review The third problem with our present prevention. The nature of preventive for all of us the reasons why such a pro­ third-party insurance system is that it services-what to do to prevent illness­ posal is so necessary. emphasizes certain kinds of care and changes with the nature of health prob­ To begin with, our present system of therefore has created problems in the lems. health care financing is unnecessarily health delivery system. Four particularly Until the early decades of this cen­ complex and inefficient because it is disturbing shortcomings are the lack of tury, the major health problem was com­ comprised of a variety of mechanisms incentives to contain costs, the bias municable diseases. The task of public for the financing of health care, includ­ against the use of lower cost non­ health was to immunize against illness ing self-payment, third-party insurance physician manpower, the bias against and to break the chain of infection and categorical programs which provide comprehensive care providers including through environmental and engineering services free or at reduced costs to cer­ HMO's, and the incentive to use as a first measures, and by isolating and treating tain eligible populations. My proposal is resort high-cost inpatient hospital care. infected persons. Based on sanitation, based on the principle that the appropri­ The bill I am introducing today is de­ bacteriology and education in personal ate and workable method of financing signed to remedy all of thes·e problems. hygiene, the modern public health pro­ health care costs should be a single uni­ The legislation would provide the op­ gram emerged. By the mid-20th century, form system which should be a third­ portunity for every American to buy however, the major public health prob­ party insurance system. To effect this comprehensive health insurance at rates lem had become chronic diseases, now objective three major problems with the which are affordable. One of the methods known to be caused largely by various present third-party health financing sys­ it employs is the use of the group rate for aspects of a new life style which includes tem must be remedied. individuals who are not currently in a medley of excesses-food, alcohol, cig­ The first glaring problem is that not groups which can obtain coverage at low arettes, and tension. The means of deal­ everyone is covered. In fact, 1 out of 10 group rates. ing with chronic diseases depends upon Americans has no insurance coverage at The bill confronts the problem of in­ our understanding of personal behavior all. An additional 10 percent have only adequacy of health insurance coverage and modifying self-imposed risks. The limited public coverage under Federal by including in the basic mandatory question at the present time is how can and State programs for low-income and health insurance benefit plan outpatient we incorporate this approach into regu­ disabled persons. We cannot further tol­ physical services, mental health serv­ lar medical care; that is, how can we erate a situation in which over 40 million ices, and preventive health services and identify high risk individuals and obtain people have no opportunity to obtain providing for reimbursement levels for them appropriate action? adequate health insurance coverage and which will be considered sufficient to One way is to revamp health educa­ thus secure protection against major ill­ constitute full payment by the majority tion, a field of endeavor that has proved ness costs. of providers. useful but must be brought up to a The second major problem with the Finally, this proposal includes a num­ higher level in order to deal effectively third-party health financing system is ber of provisions which will assure that with the problem of individual knowl­ the inadequacy of the health insurance quality services are provided and that edge and motivation inherent in modern coverage which is available. Thus, al­ the price of those services is contained. health maintenance. An important as­ though 80 percent of the population un­ Under the comprehensive health in­ pect of the "new" health education will der 65 has some form of private health surance plan, every American may ob­ be linkage with medical care. Physicians insurance coverage, their coverage is tain the same health insurance coverage now accomplish this to a limited extent often deficient. These areas of deficien­ under one of three plans: by advising, for example, to lose a "little cies include: First. The employee health insurance weight" or to "stop smoking." Systematic First. Preventive health services, men­ plan-EHIP-will cover all full-time and sophisticated counseling in connec­ tal health services, and outpatient physi­ workers under 65 and their families, with tion with medical care, however, is go­ cian services are often excluded from the employer paying a minimum of 75 ing to be necessary as a part of preven­ coverage. Consequently, the health serv­ percent of premium costs; tive medicine. ices needed by many Americans are paid Second. The assisted health insurance Knowledge of preventive medicine has out of pocket by the individual rather plan-AHIP-will cover those persons now advanced to the point that it is pos­ than by insurance policies; under 65 who are ineligible for EHIP or sible to list many specific procedures Second. Policies which provide only who find it economically advantageous that should be carried out at various limited coverage either by instituting a to join AHIP. Under AHIP low-income times of life to protect health. These limit on reimbursement for specific serv­ persons will be provided an opportunity procedures take the form of immuniza­ ices or a limit on the amount of services to obtain healtr. insurance coverage ac­ tion against communicable diseases, ob­ which will be paid for by the policy. The cording to ability to pay; and servation of physical and psychological result of this inadequate coverage of Third. Medicare, which will cover aU development, followed by action to cor­ health care costs is a situation in which persons over 65 years of age. rect abnormalities in anatomy-for ex­ policies pay an amount which often bears Regardless of which plan they are cov­ ample, obesity-physiology-for example, little relation to the actual charges for ered under, all Americans will have iden­ blood pressure-blood chemistry-for such services; tical health benefits. These benefits in­ example, cholesterol-and other aspects Third. Many policies provide inade­ clude: Unlimited inpatient hospital serv­ of physical functioning that may signal quate protection against catastrophic ill­ ices, physician services, prescription the early onset of disease. ness. Usually there is no limit on the drugs, 100 home health visits per year, These several procedures constitute amount of out-of-pocket expenses which 100 days of posthospital skilled nursing modern preventive medicine. They in­ must be paid by a family or individual facility services per year, blood and volve a health-maintenance attitude on as part of the cost-sharing structure of blood products, routine medical items the part of the physician and patient March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6405 rather than the complaint-response at­ Each person with EHIP, AHIP, or medi­ belief that eveTy American should have titude typical of physicians and patients care coverage would pay coinsurance un­ an opportunity to obtain the same health in the past. til a maximum liability had been reached benefits, regardless of ability to pay. The strategy I have devised will apply beyond which all expenses would be paid The second is that any reform of our certain of these procedures at those peri­ by the insurance policy. The maximum present health system should build on ods of life when they will be the most liability ranges from $150 for a family the strength and diversity of our exist­ appropriate and effective. Thus, I have with an annual :ncome below $2,500 to ing system. ' consolidated preventive services, as fol­ $1,500 for families with $10,000 or more Third, any proposal to reform the lows: maternity and prenatal items and of income. There would be no deductible manner in which health care is financed services; normal and high-risk infant or coinsurance for the preventive medical must also encourage more efficient use care for individuals between the time of services. of our present health resources so as to birth and 1 year of age; school entry In addition to consumer cost-con­ control costs. assessment for individuals between the sciousness there are other measures Finally, any system for financing age of 5 and 6 years of age; puberty as­ which will control costs. These include health care should be designed so that sessment for individuals between the age the establishment of fee schedules by a everyone will have an incentive to make of 12 and 14 years of age; adult entry State for the reimbursement of physi­ it work. This includes consumers, pro­ assessment for individuals between the cians and other providers, the negoti­ viders, insurance carriers, State and ages of 17 and 19 years of age; young ation by the State of prospective reim­ local governments and the many other adult assessment for individuals between bursemeht for hospitals, and the re­ private and public organizations in­ the ages of 24 and 26 years of age and quirement that, where possible, all per­ volved in the financing and delivery of for every 5 years thereafter until the sons em·olling in any of the plans be health care in this Nation. age of 44; middle-age assessment for in­ given the option of enrolling in an HMO I believe this proposal represents a dividuals 44 to 46 years of age and every which would provide comprehensive care workable and appropriate approach to 5. years thereafter until the age of 59; at a fixed price which is prepaid. The bill the crucial problem of assuring opportu­ and older age assessment for individuals also requires all capital investment over nity to every citizen for meeting his o:r 59 to 61 years of age and every 2 years $100,000 to be approved by a State-desig­ her health care needs. thereafter. nated planning agency-this will pre­ For example, for normal infants and clude unnecessary building of he~lth fa­ high-risk infants between the .time of cilities which increases everyone's medi­ birth and 1 year of age, we would cal care costs. The bill also requires all FARMERS HOME ADMINISTRATION provide four visits-six visits for high­ services provided to AHIP, EHIP, and "FARM FAMILY OF THE YEAR" risk infants-to physicians or physician­ medicare to be reviewed by professional supervised assistants for observation and medical personnel for necessity and qual­ measurement of . growth and develop­ ity; unnecessary medical care will not be HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN ment-including a complete immuniza­ reimbursed. OF MARYLAND tion schedule-and parent counseling­ The total cost to the Federal Govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and other measures-to assure necessary ment will be a small price to pay for the Wednesday, March 12, 1975 followup of abnormalities and for coun­ benefit of assuring all Americans the op­ seling respecting nutrition, hygiene, be­ portunity to obtain comprehensive and Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Febru­ havior, and accidents. And, as another · catastrophic health insurance coverage ary 27 the Farmers Home Administra­ example, for adult entry assessment for at affordable rates. · tion held a ceremony in Beltsville, Md., individuals between the ages of 17 and One innovation of this proposal is the to honor the Maryland and Delaware 19 years of age we would provide: First, provision for a health card, which is a winners as "FmHA Farm Family of the health examinations-including the credit card which would be issued to Year." measurement of height and weight, the every American enrolled in AHIP, EHIP, The Maryland State winner was the taking of a blood pressure, vision, hear­ or medicare. With this card a person Edgar M. Morris family of Parsonburg, ing and dental examinations, and such would be permitted to charge health in Wicomico County in the First District. laboratory tests as blood cholesterol, services; the provider would be reim­ The Morrises have two children, Rebec­ urine-sugar and albumen, culture for bursed directly from the insurance com­ ca, 11, and Tommy, 8, and the success gonorrhea-for females-and VDRL; pany which would then bill the patient which has made them so deserving of and, second, counseling, including coun­ for any coinsurance due. If large medical this award contains lessons for all of us. seling respecting family planning-in­ expenses were incurred such as those The Morris family came to the Farm­ cluding genetic problems-cigarettes, al­ which accompany major surgery, the pa­ ers Home Administration in 1953 as cohol and drugs, nutrition, exercise, and tient can pay back the insurance com­ tenant farmers. At that time they owned accidents. pany on an installment basis. I believe a few farm animals and nine pieces of Despite the comprehensiveness of the this is a long-needed reform and essen­ equipment with a total net worth of proposal and the preventive medical tial approach to the financing of health $3,500. Thanks to help from FmHA and service and catastrophic benefit pack­ care. Providers will be encouraged to ac­ local lenders, combined with a lot of ages, the cost of this proposal is not cept Government-set, reasonable reim­ hard work and good management, the astronomic. A number of cost-control bursement fees for their services through Morrises now own 193 acres and rent an measures have been incorporated in the being guaranteed full payment from the additional 274 acres. They farm 190 acres bill. These include the most reliable insurance companies if they agree to set of corn, 200 acres of soybeans and have method of cost containment, which is their charges at the Government levels. 34,000 broilers. As you might imagine, consumer cost-consciousness. One of the If they want to charge more, they will their present net worth is somewhat in the plan's basic features is the inclusion have to collect the coinsurance plus the excess of $3,500. of premium and cost-sharing require­ extra fee from the patient. The Morrises' road to financial success ments which, while reasonable, are high Mr. Speaker, there are many other has not been easy. During -the 1960's enough to deter unnecessary overutiliza­ provisions in this bill which I will not there were many years of dry weather tion of health resources. Each person and discuss this afternoon due to time con­ and low prices. But the Morrises never family covered under EHIP, AHIP, and straints. This proposal is a comprehen­ gave up, and the faith placed in them by medicare would have a deductible which sive piece of legislation which will be various lending institutions has been vin­ would have to be met before his or her considered and debated for months, and dicated. Edgar Morris has now modern­ insurance coverage would pay for costs I cannot do justice to its many provisions ized his farm with the latest types of incurred. This minimum deductible this afternoon. equipment and practices, such as chisel would range from $0 to $150, depending I would summarize my remarks by in­ plowing, limited cultivation and double on person's or family's ability to pay. dicating that the proposal is based on cropping. He has also modernized the There would in addition be a separate four basic principles which should gov­ buildings, converting a drafty dwelling deductible for outpatient prescription ern our approach in the development of into a modern home, as well as providing drugs which would range from $0 to $50, national health financing legislation. controlled environmental houses for his and coinsurance rates of 10 to 25 percent. · 'l'he first of these principles is the broilers. 6406 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 Financial success has brought an in­ most rational and humane way-not as gotiation. How many rainy seasons will creased enjoyment of material goods as liberals or conservatives, neither as w·e ha.ve to experience until we realize well as increased responsibility. In the hawks nor doves, nor as Democrats or that every rainy season turns into a dry past 10 years the Morris family has had Republicans, but as concerned citizens. season that sees the "insurgents" more to care for an aged parent, have adopted President ' Ford has sternly warned powerful than ever? two children and provided a home for that we will weaken America's credibility Currently the "insurgents"-the relatives' children in times 'of need. if we "deliberately abandon a small Khmer Rouge-Red Cambodian-or the Mr. Morris is past president of the country in the midst of its life-and­ National United Front of Kampuchea­ Wicomico County Farm Bureau, director death struggle." His words clearly re­ control 80 percent of the land. Unless and grower committee chairman of the sound statements made in August 1965 we are willing to become involved in this Delmarva Poultry Industry, past chair­ by the late President Johnson as he jus­ war 100 percent with weapons and per­ man of the board of managers, Aydelotte tified the U.S. policy to escalate the war sonnel, and 78 percent of the American Watershed project, church school super­ in Vietnam: · public have expressed their opposition to intendent, member of the VFW and Three Presidents-President Eisenhower, any further military assistance, the ad­ member of the Environmental Commit­ President Kennedy, and your President-­ ministration must face the fact that to tee. Mrs. Morris is active in the Repub­ have committed themselves to defend this provide aid, is to postpone the inevitable. lican Party and a member of the Penin­ small and valient nation. Strengthened by Four more months of war will not sula General Hospital Nurses Alumni that promise, the people of South Vietnam bring negotiations any closer. Prince Si­ have fought for many years. Thousands have Association. died, thousands have been crippled and hanouk, the ousted Cambodian leader The success and growth of the Morris scarred by the war. And we just cannot now currently in Peking, and the National family, from tenant farmers to the own­ dishonor our word, or abandon our com­ United Front have clearly stated that ers of a successful, modern operation, mitment, or leave those who believed in us they will not negotiate with Lon Nol or while assuming leadership roles in com­ and who trusted us to the terror and repres­ any of his six key aides. However, they munity affairs, is a tribute to hard work, sion and murder that would follow: have reportedly expressed their feelings courage and determination. These are The obvious differences-another that they will open the lines for commu­ qualities which are sti11 held in esteem President, a new decade, a new coun­ nica.tion if the Lon Nol regime is re­ and can still be put to good use in our try-cannot eradicate the blatant simi­ placed, and that they welcome civil rural areas. The success of the Morris larities. Hundreds of thousands of deaths servants, professionals, and peasants to family is mirrored in the success of thou­ later, after an untold number of injuries, their ranks. sands of other farm families who have after the devastating destruction of fer­ Clearly, the Nixon and Ford admin­ not been afraid of hard work and have tile lands in Cambodia, and after bil­ istrations have made little attempt to not quit in the face of occasional ad­ lions of U.S. dollars spent for military bring this crisis to an end on the versity. assistance in Cambodia and Vietnam, we negotiating table. In August when Am­ I extend to the Edgar Morris family have been asked to respond to this sit­ bassador Dean of Cambodia suggested my own personal congratulations. I am uation with more ammunition for more to the State Department that he or proud to represent them, as I am proud deaths and destruction. There comes a Secretary Kissinger meet the Vice of the hundreds of hard-working farm time when we must recognize the fact Chairman of the National United Front, people in Maryland's First District. that ending the bloodshed means ending Khieu Samphan, the Secretary of State the fighting, and that at some point, and. rejected the Ambassador's request. Yet that point being the present, we must the Ford administration is no.t as hesitant when it makes a plea for addi­ AID TO SOUTHEAST ASIA extricate ourselves from this dilemma. The record shows that the Congress tional funding for weaponry. has never made a commitment to insure There is no question even if the Lon HON. NORMAN Y. MINETA the survival of the Cambodian Govern­ Nol regime were to step down, more war will not expedite a settlement in Cam­ I OF CALIFORNIA ment. This is evidenced by section 655 I bodia. More military assistance will en­ ! IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The New York Times recently reported economy as the only way to deal with om· carefully, weighing one program against an­ that leading businessmen, academicians other in an effort to spend our money in the staggering economic problems. Mr. most productive way possible. and labor leaders, "aroused by public Clausen said: Whenever a new expense is introduced, an policies that have generated heightened I have a suggest ion that m ay be worth existing expense is eliminated in order to inflation and a deepening recession," are considering. Back at the turn of the c cn~ keep the budget balanced. If we continued calling for a national commitment to tm·y, in the wake of the financial panic of to add expenses without ever eliminating economic planning. Prompted by their 1907, the b usiness, financial, and polit ical any, our business would be bankrupt. distress, this group of highly prominent com munities became acutely aware t hat we We call upon you, as the responsible lead­ Americans recently formed the Initiative needed a new banking system. They rec­ ers in our Congress, to lead the way in get­ Committee for National Economic Plan­ cgnized that neither Congress nor the Ex ~ ting sound business methods working in our ning. It is headed by Leonard Woodcock, ecutive Branch had the strength and ex ~ federal government. pertise to const ruct such a system and m ake Every year, massive new spending programs president of the United Auto Workers, it palatable to t he prevailing interest . have been added or existing programs have and Wasily Leontief, Hru:vard Univer­ So Con gress created the National Moue ~ been expanded, with no eliminations or de­ sity's Nobel Prizewinning economist. tary Commission. Although it was a C on ~ creases to balance the bu dget. This trend Mr. Woodcock and the leaders who gressional body . . . the Commission drew must be reversed. join with him reflect a growing frustra- · h eavily on outside leaders and experts. The Perhaps legislation should be in troduced tion among many in the United States Aldrich Commission, as it came to be called which would require the proponents of any over the limited economic policy options gave us the Federal Reserve Act of 1913. As new spending programs or of any increases available to us in Washington. What is I think you'll agree, it worked ... in existing programs to propose correspond­ I know that the federal government today ing cuts in existing programs so that an apparent here is the deep loss of faith is bot tom-heavy with special boards and equal or greater amount would be cut from in the Government's ability to recognize commissions. They a1·e appointed with f an­ the federal budget for every amount added. and deal with the unique nature of our fare, and t h en they lapse into limbo. Their There is no other way to bring spending un­ economic distress. reports are more often ignored than not. der control. The committee's proposal to create a Yet I can think of no better way to roo~ I can think of nothing that would restore new Join t Economic Planning Committee bilize the leadership of government, busi~ the confidence of the American people in in Congress is supportive of the concept n ess, labor, consumers, the financial commu~ their government like the news that the of my bill. Moreover, it expresses even n ity, and ot her interests than to bring them government was going to move immediately together in a sort of supra-government coun~ to cut its spending and that any new spend­ more poignantly the fact that this prob­ cil-a summit commission representing all ing introduced in the future would be ac­ lem is not going to disappear on its own, the interest s that would have to agree in companied by offsetting cuts. and, as I said last July, that normal in­ order t o p ut a new economic policy into To help restore confidence in government, stitutional responses to our economic effect. to help bring inflation under control, to help malaise are no longer adequate. As co­ So I propose a new National Economic businesses in this country increase produc­ chairman of the Initiative Committee, Commission, to be composed of the national tion and provide more work, would like to Leonard Woodcock said of the commit­ leadership, broadly conceived. It would be recommend that you come up with a plan tee's formation: "Lmique both in its membership and the whereby Congr~ss would be able to tell the power it represented and also in that it would people of this country that they are deter­ We can no longer drift from one disaster build on the work of the many previous com~ mined to cut government spending 1% a to another.... If we don't take su bstantive m issions which produced exhaustive month and return to the people all of the steps toward planning. the days of democ­ studies-which have rarely received the at ­ money saved by the 1 % cut so they can racy are very limited indeed. tention t hey deserved-studies on such sub~ spend it as they see fit. The committee noted that the time has jects as n ational priorities, money and A positive move of this kind by the gov­ credit, financial institutions, productivity, ernment would restore confidence, bring in­ come to de-velop a "truly homegrown, an d m any others. . . flation under cont rol, and make it possible American form of national economic I t hink it would work, I don't see any­ for our economy to recover and resume its planning.'' thing else on the horizon that has a chance. pattern of growth. A fundamen tal review of our economic Fran kly-and I hesitate to say this-! doubt We submit these though ts for you r con~ policies is long overdue. The fact that the capacity of government, even when the sidera tion. severe inflation and recession are still President and the majority in Congress are with us, punctuates the need for a re­ of the same party, to deal effectively with evaluation of our basic economic con­ f u n damen tal economic problems without the cepts. SCJrt of effort I've proposed. NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE We have reached a critical juncture. We There is ample precedent for the estab­ m ust eit her stop inflation Ol' reconcile our­ ECONOMY lishment of high-level or "b~ue ribbon" selves to living with it and with its conse­ panels to tackle great national problems quences, which include the ever-present not solvable through normal institutional threat of a seriou s recession. HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL arrangements. The Hoover Commission Mr. Speaker, I am inserting at this OF NEW YORK on Government Organization, the Na­ point, a copy of the bill itself: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE'S tional Advisory Commission on Civil Dis­ H.R. 4709 orders and the Warren Commission are Wednesday, March 12, 1975 A bill to establish a temporary commission a ll examples of extraordinary ;responses to study problems relating to the Nation's Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, I am by Government to momentous national economy and tv make recommendat ions for today 1·eintroducing my legis~ation to problems. solving such problems March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6409 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of (i) tax benefits; and it ·deems advisable, without regard to the Representatives of the United States of (ii) patent and similar rights to exercise provisions of title 5, United States Code, A rnerica in Congress assembled, exclusive control over new technology, governing appointments in the competitive SHORT TITLE know-how, and other information, particu­ service, and the provisions of chapter 57 and larly such rights over new technology, know­ subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title, SEcTioN 1. This Act may be cited as the how, or other information developed in fed­ ';Nati'?nal Commission on the Economy Act". relating to classification and General Sched­ erally sponsored or federally related 1·esearch ule pay rates. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE activities; (d) The Commission may procure tem­ SEc. 2. (a) The Congress finds that-- (F) the relationship between (i) the costs porary or intermittent services of experts ( 1) the Nation's economy has slumped to of producing various essential products and and consultants to the same extent as is an extent that threatens the economic in­ services, and ( ii) the costs to consumers of authorized for the departments by section terests of consumers, workers, and pro- acquiring those products and services; and 3109 of title 5, United States Code, but at ducers; . (G) the advertising practices of large cor­ rates not to exceed $75 per day for (2) the current efforts of the Federal Gov­ porations. individuals. ernment to improve economic conditions are (b) Based on the findings and conclusions (e) Financial and administrative services ineffective; and of the study conducted pursuant to subsec­ (including those related to budgeting, ac­ (3) in a world of fast-changing economic tion (a) of this section, the Commission counting, financial reporting, personnel, and conditions, new directions must be explored shall formulate specific recommendations for procurement) may be provided to the Com­ and new institutional arrangements estab­ such- mission by the General Services Administra­ lished to meet the economic challenges of (1) Federal legislation; tion, for which payment shall be made in the future. (2) Federal executive and administrative advance, or by reimbursement, from funds (b) It is the purpose of this Act to estab­ action; and of the Commission in such amounts as may lish a temporary commission which will­ (3) action by the private sector; be agreed upon by the Chairman of the (1) identify and evaluate those factors as the Commission deems appropriate for Commission and the Administrator of Gen­ which contribute to our current economic solving existing economic problems and for eral Services; except that the regulations of problems; preventing such econolllic problems in the the General Services Administration for the (2) study the impact of policies and prac­ future. collection of indebtedness of personnel re­ tices of the Federal Government on eco­ MEMBERSHIP OF THE COMMISSION sulting from erroneous payments (5 U.S.C. nomic conditions in the United States; and 46d) shall apply to the collection of erroneous (3) recommend to the Federal Govern­ SEc. 5. (a) (1) The Commission shall be composed of fourteen members appointed in payments made to or on behalf of a Com­ ment and to the private sector specific ac­ the following manner : mission employee, and regulations of the tions and policies which will produce a Administrator for the administrative control vigorous national economy. (A) The President shall appoint four members, two of whom shall be officers or of funds (31 U.S.C. 665 (g) ) shall apply to ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COMMISSION employees of the executive branch of the appropriations of the Commission and that SEc. 3. There is established a commission Federal Government and two of whom shall the Commission shall not be required to to be known as the National Commission on be qualified private citizens. prescribe such regulations. the Economy (hereafter in this Act referred (B) The majority leader of the Senate POWERS OF THE COMMISSION to as the "Commission"). sha.Il appoint five members, two of whom SEc. 7. (a) The Commission may hold such DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION sha.ll be Members of the Senate and three hearings, sit and act at such times and SEc. 4. (a) (1) The Commission shall con- of whom shall be qualified private citizens. places, take such testimony, and receive such duct a comprehensive study to determine­ (C) The Speaker of the House of Repre­ evidence as the Commission deems necessary. (A) the causes of- sentatives shall appoint five members, two (b) The Commission may secure directly (i) price instability; of whom shall be Members of the House of from any executive department, agency, or (ii) erosion of consumer purchasing power; Representatives and three of whom shall be other instrumentality of the Federal Govern­ qualified private citizens. (iii) the high rate of unemployment and ment, such information, suggestions, esti­ serious problems of underemployment; (2) For purposes of this subsection, a mates, and statistics as the Commission (iv) severe inflationary pressures; "qualified private citizen" means any indi­ deems necessary; and each such department, (v) shortages in certain essential com­ vidual who- agency, or other instrumentality shall, to the modities, raw materials, and finished prod­ (1) is not a Member of Congress or an extent permitted by law, furnish such infor­ ucts; officer or employee of the Federal ·Govern­ mation, suggestions, estimates, and statistics (vi) problems relating to productivity; and ment; and directly to the Commission, upon request (vii) such other economic problems as the (2) is especially qualified by virtue of edu­ made by the Chairman or Vice Chairman. Commission determines to have a significant cation, training, experience, and attainments (c) The Commission may negotiate and impact on consumers; to serve as a member of the Commission. enter into contracts with private business (B) the effectiveness of existing organiza­ (b) If a member of the Commission re­ and nonprofit research organization, includ­ tional and institutional arrangements in the signs, dies, or otherwise vacates his position, ing educational institutions, to conduct such Federal Government for establishing sound a successor shall be appointed in the same studies and to prepare such reports as the economic policies; manner and subject to the same require­ Commission deems necessary. (C) the impact on the economy of the ments as such member was appointed. (c) ( 1) Except as provided in paragraph (d) (1) The Commission, or any of its major regulatory agencies of the Federal members authorized by the Commission to Government; (2), members of the Commission shall re­ ceive compensation at the rate of $100 per act in behalf of the Commission, may issue (D) the adequacy of the data collection subpenas requiring the attendance and testi­ practices of the Federal Government as they day for each day that they a.re engaged in the performance of their duties as members mony of witnesses and the production of relate to the formulation of economic policy; any evidence that relates to any matter under and of the Commission. (2) Members who are Members of the investigation by the Commission. The Com­ (E) the impact on the economy of the mission, or any members, employees, or other fiscal and monetary policies of the Federal Senate or of the House of Representatives or who are officers or employees of the executive agents of the Commission designated by the Government. Commission for such purpose, may adminis­ (2) In determining the causes of the cur­ branch of the Federal Government shall re­ ceive no additional compensation on account ter oaths and affirmations, examine witnesses, rent economic problems listed in subpara­ and receive evidence. Such attendance of graph (A) of paragraph ( 1) , the Commission of the-ir service on the Commission. (d) All members of the Commission shall witnesses and the production of such evi­ shall consider specifically the impact of- dence may be required from any place withm (A) industrial concentration and other be entitled to reimbursement for travel, sub­ sistence, and other necessary expenses in­ the United States at any designated place forms of centralized private economic con­ of hearing within the 'C'nited States. trol over the sources of production and dis­ curred in performing their duties as members of the Commission. (2) Subpenas issued by the Commission, tribution of goods, services, and capital; or by an authorized member of the Commis­ (B) international economic conditions ADMINISTRATION OF THE COMMISSION sion, may be served either upon the witness and, in particular, such international de­ SEc. 6. (a) The members of the Commission in person or by registered mail or by tele­ velopments as the formation of multina­ shall elect one member of the Commission graph or by leaving a copy thereof at the tional economic communities, the expansion as Chairman and one member as Vice residence or principal office or place of busi­ of international trade, and the increasing Chairman. ness of the person required to be served. The significance of the monetary and fiscal (b) ( 1) Except as provided in paragraph verified return by the individual so serving policies of foreign governments; (2) of this subsection, eight members of the the same, setting forth the manner of such (C) the activities of major multinational Commission shall constitute a quorum for service, shall be proof of the same, and the business firms; the purpose of conducting Commission return post office receipt or telegraph receipt (D) the policies and programs of the Fed­ business. therefor when registered and mailed or tele­ eral Government relating to the matters (2) For purposes of conducting hearings, graphed as aforesaid shall be proof of service listed in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) two members of the Commission shall con­ of the same. of this paragraph; stitute a quorum. (3) If a person issued a subpena under the (E) d.irect and indirect Federal assistance (c) The Commission may appoint and fix .first paragraph of this subsection refuses to to industry, including- the compensation of such staff personnel as obey S'l.lCh subpena or is guilty of contumacy, 6410 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 1.e, 1975 any court of the United States within the the Mediterranean Region. May I first say, holiday-makers, businessmen, traders, sci­ jurisdiction of which the inquiry is carried Mr. President, how much we are all indebted entists and other visitors from outside the on or within the jurisdiction of which said to you for your willingness to assume the region, as well as those who make their person guilty of contumacy or refusal to important responsibilities of presiding over homes here. Many of the countries repre­ obey is found or resides or transacts business this Conference; your distinguished leader­ sented here have already instituted signifi­ may (upon application of the Commission) ship augurs well for the success of our en­ cant measures to prevent further environ­ order such person to appear before the Com­ deavours here. mental deterioration. The scientific il1$titu­ mission, its members, employees, or agents, I want also to take this opportunity to pay tions of the area have carried out ~esearch there to produce evidence or to give tes1!i­ tribute and express my deep gratitude to all and studies which provide a promising basis mony touching the matter under investiga­ those who have made this Conference possi­ for solutions to the wide range of environ­ tion. Any failure to obey such order of the ble; firstly, to the Government of Spain, mental problems that must be confronted. court may be punished by such court as a whose warm and generous hospitality in And a number of international meet ings contempt thereof. All process of any court hosting this meeting exemplify the highest have helped to establish the foundations for to which application may be made under traditions for which this beautiful land and tlie large-scale co-operative effort that must this subsection may be served in the judicial its people are so widely renowned and for now be mounted. district wherein the person required to be providing in this historic Mediterranean city, The principal responsibility for the care served resides or may be found. the finest facilities and environment you and maintenance of the Mediterranean envi­ (e) Witnesses summoned before the Com­ could wish for our gathering; to the Govern­ ronment rests, of course, with the countries mission, its members, employees, or agents ments whose common and over-riding com­ which sh are the Mediterranean coastline. shall be paid the same fees and mileage that mitment to the urgent need for co-ordinated But m any other nations use its waterways are paid witnesses in courts of the United efforts in preserving and enhancing by the and the whole world is deeply concerned States, and witnesses whose depositions are participation here of their expert representa­ with its futm·e. In environmental terms taken and the persons taking the same shall tives; to the experts and the institutions the Mediterranean Region must be seen severally be entitled to the same fees as are which have done so much of the professional and dealt with as a single major eco­ paid for like services in the courts of the and technical work on which the substance logical system consisting of two distinct United States. of our deliberations is to be based; and to basins with their own particular character­ REPORTS OF THE COMMISSION the United Nations agencies, notably the istics: In political terms, it is embraced by Food and Agriculture organization; as well three separate U.N. regions. It is with an SEC. 8. The Commission shall submit to as the International Oceanographic Commis­ awareness of this unique combination of the President and to the Congress the fol­ sion, the United Nations Educational, Scien­ circumstances that the Governing Council of lowing reports: tific and Cultural Organization; the Inter­ UNEP decided during its first session, and ( 1) A progress rer art, to be submitted one governmental Maritime Consultative Orga­ affirmed during its second session, that high year after the date of the enactment of the nization; and the World Health Organization priority should be accorded to measures to first Act appropriating funds for the Commis­ and other Members of the United Nations protect and improve the environment of the sion, containing- family, whose co-operation, support and pio­ Mediterranean Region. At the same time it (A) an account of the activities of the neering work over a period of years paved the agreed to allocate funds from the Fund of Commission during the preceding year; and way for this meeting. UNEP out of which $1,000,000 per year has (B) a statement of any specific problems For several thousand years the Mediter­ been earmarked to support such measm·es. encountered by the Commission in carrying ranean has occupied a central place in What is now needed-and what this meet­ out its responsibilities under this Act which human history. It is the cradle of great re­ ing must provide-is an Action Plan to pro­ could be solved by Federal executive, admin­ ligions, ideas, cultures and creativity which tect the Mediterranean. This should include istrative, or legislative action. have shaped the course of history. It con­ an agreed set of priorities and objectives for (2) A final report, to be submitted not tinues today to be the focus of so many of action, a framework and strategy for under­ later than two years after the date of the the events on which our future turns and taking a programme of the concrete action enactment of the first Act appropriating the nations represented here are those whose that will be required to meet these objec­ funds for the Commission, containing- part in shaping that future wm be decisive. tives, and guidance for the allocation of the (A) a detailed statement of the findings As the region which has been so long the specific tasks which this will entail to the and conclusions of the Commission; and scene of the activities and events which have various institutions and agencies available (B) the recommendations of the Commis­ in large part determined the shape and na­ to carry them out. 01' transcending impor­ sion formulated pursuant to section 4(b) ture of our modern world, it is perhaps nat­ tance is the need for a commitment of the of this Act. ural that· it has also been subjected more governments represented here to the kind of TERMINATION OF THE COMMISSION intensely and for a longer time to the mount­ support and co-ordination which is indispen­ SEc. 9. The Commission shall cease to exist ing pressures which human activity places sable to the success of these efforts-indeed thirty days after submitting its final report. on its rich natural endowment of water, even to their initiation. land and living resources. One of the principal elements in the Draft The Mediterranean is the seat of some of Action Plan you are being invited to consider A SPEECH BY MAURICE STRONG the world's greatest and rapidly growing is the need to assemble a comprehensive cities, of much of its industrial development, body of knowledge concerning the condition its natural resource potential, particularly and health of the Mediterranean which wm HON. GILBERT CUDE petroleum; it continues to be the world's enable problems to be identified and provide leading centre for tourism and the network a basis for the decisions that must be taken OF MARYLAND of land and sea routes through which the by governments in response to such prob­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ever-mounting trade of the region fiows is lems. The basis for additional research that Wednesday, March 12, 1975 perhaps the most extensive which exists any­ now needs to be undertaken, and the capac­ where. Thus centuries of growing human ity to do it, already exists to varying degrees Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, I would like activities have resulted in large-scale de­ in the institutions of the region and with to bring to my colleagues' attention the forestation to the point whel'e, in many which many of the experts participating in remarks of Maurice F. Strong, Executive Mediterranean lands, only small forested this meeting are associated. Priorities for Director of the United Nations Environ­ areas remain, massive erosion of soil to the research and the development of the neces­ ment program, on the occasion of the point where some Mediterranean IslandS sary knowledge base have already been have lost an estimated 90 percent of their identified by the International Workshop on beginning of the intergovernmental original topsoil, conversion of formerly fer­ Marine Pollution in the Mediterranean held meeting on the Mediterranean in Barce­ tile lands to great deserts, depletion, often in Monaco in September 1974. What is now lona last January 28. The purpose of this to the point of extinction, of many species needed is your support of these priorities, meeting was to formulate an action plan of animals and birds on land and fish in and the strategy for carrying out the various to clean up the Mediterranean and pro­ the sea; degradation of coastal areas and tasks this will entail. tect it from further pollution. Naturally beaches and the pouring into the sea of an This will require a high degree of co-ordi­ the primary responsibility in this regard ever-mounting tide of poisonous wastes nation and the creation of a network which have already contaminated many through which much co-ordination can be belongs with those nations which border coastal areas and created ever-growing effected and the necessary support assured. the Mediterranean, but all who are con­ threats to the health of the Mediterranean This will call for agreement on a suitable cerned about the future world environ­ Sea as a whole. co-ordinatlng mechanism. ment have a stake in the success of this The ecological balance of the Mediterra­ The research and monitoring portion of endeavor. nean was not widely thought to be serinusly the Draft Plan should be conceived of as the The remarks follow: disrupted until early in the 1960s. Since regional component of the Globar Environ­ then there has been increasing evidence 1n mental Monitoring System (GEMS) and REMARKS OF MAURICE F. STRONG various parts of the region of the effects of should include exchange of expertise and in­ Mr. President, Distinguished Delegates and pollution and degradation of beaches and formation with the help of the International Observers, Ladies and Gentlemen: It gives coastal areas. This has been accomplished Referral System (IRS). This P!an should in­ me grea.t pleasure to have the opportunity of by a rising tide of awareness on the part clude baseline studies and monitoring of addressing the opening session of thi& con­ of people and governments of the region. such important pollutants as en and petro­ ference wl)ich promises to mark the begin­ Signs of environmental deterioration have leum hydrocarbons in main waters, metals, ning of a new era of hope in the history of been increasingly evident to the mlllions of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in MaTch 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6411 . marine organisms and studies of the effects you the wholehearted co-operation of our decide what should be done about a price of such pollutants on these organisms. It secretariat which is privileged to serve you in level that had g.one so high that the world's should also include studies of transport of this important task and our total commit· demand for sugar had been sharply cut. pollution and coastal water quality controL ment to the goals and the purposes which What was the answer? Let prices find Of course, a great deal of knowledge con­ have brought us together here. their market level? That. would seem the cerning the nature and extent of environ­ obvious one to us. But it didn't to the lead­ mental problems of the region already exists ing participants in the colloquium. Stabiliza­ and in many cases, immediate actions can AGRICULTURE BILL TO HURT tion was what was -needed, one said, per­ be initiated based on existing knowledge. CONSUMERS AND FARMERS haps forgetting that the world now equates Thus another major element in the Action stable prices with artificially high prices. Plan would be the development of means to ''Maximize production," said another, even encourage and support an integrated ap­ if it should be necessary to resort to stock­ proach to planning the further development HON. PETER A. PEYSER piling. of the region in such a way: as to minimize OF NEW YORK The world's sad experience with past environmental risks and problems and to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commodity stabilization agreements should promote environmental enhancement. This have taught the assemblage the futility of would include the attempt to identify modes Wednesday, March 12, 1975 these proposals, but those making them felt of development which can make best use of Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, the Agri­ as bound to their old scripts in London as the rich natm·al endowment of the Mediter­ culture Committee's passage of H.R. 4296 the House Agriculture Committee appar­ ranean Region without destroying or degrad­ which raise the price supports on dairy ently felt bound to its own in Washington. ing this endowment. This would include en­ No, there was nothing new under the sun. couragement o:r work and exchange of infor­ products, as well as the target and loan Crop supports would have to be raised be­ mation on projects and technologies de­ levels for cotton, wheat, and feed grains, cause that had been the practice in the past. signed to reduce levels of contamination is indefensible in light of present eco· There was no other way. from municipal sewerage discharges, encour­ nomic conditions. These supports will agement of assessment of environmental 1m­ force citizens to further "tighten their Did the committee's majority see any pact of various development programmes, belts" as a result of their dual support­ parallel between the sentiments exp~essed particularly the creation of new industry and urban areas, the treatment of industrial ing role in this Government activity as in London and its decision to raise mllk sup­ pollution at its source, better planning and consumers and as taxpayers. The action port prices from 80 to 85 per cent of parity? a more qualitative approach to development distorts the market in an effort to help The two situations were almost identidal. of tourist facilltles and control of offshore the farmer. But the bill does not, in fact, In mllk, as well as in sugar, high prices development activities, particularly drilling help the farmer; and it undercuts any have forced a big switch into substitutes, for petroleum. It could also include pro­ efforts to stimulate the economy. with a consequent &harp drop in demand. grammes for use of solar energy, aquacul­ How would a further rise in consumer prices The higher prices in farm products of dairy products reverse this worrisome ture, development of environmental, sound that will result from H.R. 4296 will not methods of fertilizer use and post manage­ trend? ment, better utillzation of water resources, help the farmer once market forces be· The committee's answer was unfortunately including conservation measures and re­ gin to operate. Higher prices will force typical. In effect it was this: better a rigid cycling, to name but a few possibilities. the consumer to seek cheaper substitutes. system under which dairy farmers produce An important complement to the activities The net economic effect on the farmers primarily for the government at a fixed rate directly affecting the health of the Mediter­ will be to reduce their real income. of return than for a market that either ranean Sea would be those undertaken on With respect to the economy, it is in­ can't afford the high prices or just doesn't land of which UNEP's Programme to restore consistent for the Government to grant want all the dairy nroducts being offered at and improve the productivity of arid lands them. It is ironic in a way, for to the extent and prevent further march of the deserts is a tax rebates that will increase the spend· that most consumers are taxpayers, they Will significant example. ing resources of consumers; while simul· be paying the bill in any case. taneously raising artificial price levels on Thus Congress will be asked to approve, Another important element in the Action and Mr. Ford to sign, a measure designed to Plan would deal with conventions. This essential farm products-an action that depletes the spending resources of the distort a market almost beyond recognition. should include the development of. a. frame.­ The distortion will be at the expense of many work convention together with a number of same consumers. protocol and annexes dealing with particular I commend to my colleagues the fol­ for the benefit of a relatively few. subjects such as pollution emergencies, lowing perceptive analyses of the Agri­ * • dumping from ships and aircraft land-based culture Committee action which will ad­ The cases of cotton, wheat and feed grains pollution, pollution related to seabed ex­ are somewhat different since all these are ploration and exploitation and pollution versely affect all of the citizens of the now selling above the target. price le'Zels from ships. Indeed, the work done at this Nation if the bill is implemented: specified in the committee bili. Only if they meeting should provide the basis for early [From the Journal of Commerce and Com­ declined below these levels would the gov­ completion of agreement on this framework mercial, Mar. 10, 1975] ernment begin paying out the difference convention and protocols. If so, UMEP and BACK AT THE OLD STAND between the artltlclal levels and those pre­ vailing in the market. our partners in the U.N. system would be So long as inflation was universally ac­ ready to prepare for a plenipotentiary confer­ claimed to be the nation's Number One head­ But the committee's vote to raise the ence to be held as early as next September ache, those who make it an article of faith target price for cotton from 38 to 48. cents a for this purpose. to proclaim that farmers are not getting pound, produced an instantaneous reaction It is my fervent hope that during this nearly enough for their products wel'e forced in the markets. First, futures shot up about meeting you will be able to agree on an Ac­ to mark time uneasily in the more shadowy 50 points. Then they went up 100 points, the tion Plan which Will enable the United Na­ recesses of the Capitol. While there was much limit. If they then retreated it was because tions Environment Programme, in co-opera­ grumbling about middlemen and speculators. the market was entertaining. some sober sec­ tion with your governments, specialized there was also such a reluctance to further ond thoughts and considered it. unlikely that agencies of the United Nations and others, to fuel the fiery wrath of housewives that for Congress as a whole would approve an in­ mount the wide range of activities by which months on end nobody even revived the crease of that magnitude. We certainly hope the future quality of the environment of the proposal to ,prohibit futures trading in Maine it won't. Mediterranean Sea and contiguous land areas potatoes. Still and all, one never knows. Inflation, may be secured. The task is clearly not sim­ Obviously, this state of affairs couldn't last energy problems and recession may still be ply one of preventing pollution and deterio­ indefinitely. Sooner or later the time-worn with us; but the old scenario is being ground ration, but through sound planning and the scenario would be dug out of the attic, dusted out again and, like some late, late TV night concerted and co-ordinated application of. off and everyone would be back at the old films, may attract quite an audience for rea­ the best technologies and techniques avail­ stand. sons of public nostalgia 1! for no others. In able to ensure the improvement and en­ The House Agriculture Committee was other words, it is still something to be hancement of the environment of this plainly back at it last week when it "tenta­ reckoned with. uniquely beautiful, creative and strategic tively"· agreed to raise price supports on part of our Planet. milk, cotton, corn and wheat and otherwise [From Newsday, Mar. 10',1975]' I need not remind you of the long and dif­ provide a more comfortable living for the HEADING OFF A NEW FoOD PRICE GouGE ficult ro~ that has led to this meeting and folks down on the farm. And why shouldn't Farmers are coming off their two most the important consequences which will :fla-w it? Wasn't just about everybody else seizing profitable years in history;. whfch won't sur­ from wha't it does--or fails· to do. No other upon the preoccupation witb recession as an prise anyone who does the family food' shop­ such opportunity will be available in the excuse for reviving his own pet projects?' ping. But farm pl"ioos have' been trending foreseeable future, no other forum is capable ... "" . . . downward for three straJgllt months now at of doing what you must n0w do. In a very Some were, at any rate, and not an o'f the wholesale leveL Consumers might. logi­ l'eai sense, the hope and the promise' for the them were American. In London, for ex­ cally expect a. break in supermarket prices future of this great region rests on tlie work ample, men of high purpose were meeting soon~ · you are about to undertake. In it, I pledge· in an "International Sugar Colloquium•~ to Not if the House Agriculture Committee CXXI---405-Part 5 6412 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 has its way. Late last week, the committee the righit to be assured the means of achiev­ engage in or perform human experimenta­ voted out an "emergency" bill designed to ing maximum growth and development and tion affecting his care or treatment; maintain farm income near today's record to enjoy the dignity, respect and opportuni­ (10) Expect reasonable continuity of care; level. It proposed dusting off that old chest­ ties accorded all men by the freedoxns and (11) Examine and receive an explanation nut-price supports-to put a "floor" under privileges enumerated in the Constitution of his bill regardless of source of payment; farm prices. If they fell below "target" levels of the Unitd States. (12) Know what hospital rules and regula­ set artificially high, Uncle Sam and con­ For the handicapped who cannot obtain tions apply to his conduct as a patient. sumers would make up· the difference. The the rights of first-class citizenship for them­ cost could top $3 b1llion a year. The price of selves, society must provide, preserve and A BILL OF RIGHTS FOR THE DISABLED a pound of butter could rise by 20 cents. protect the means whereby these rights are Whereas, the disabled in the United States, The only silver lining of today's recession assured from earliest infancy throughout life. constituting a large minority with a com­ is that prices for items as varied as cars and These means form a particular "Bill of Rights monality of need and a unity of purpose, seek furniture and clothing have leveled off a11d for the Handicapped." only to obtain for themselves what all Amer­ even fallen as demand for these p1·oducts has RIGHTS OF THE HANDICAPPED icans believe to be their birthright-life, lib­ slackened. If farm profits are falling, well, The handicapped individual has the right erty and the pursuit of happiness; and so are those of virtually every other business. to: Whereas, impediments and roadblocks of These are not the rosiest of times as 7,500,000 I. Prevention of disability insofar as pos­ every nature are to be found at every hand, out-of-work Americans can attest. sible through early detection of abnormali­ effectively preventing the fulfillment of life's People have to eat, no matter what, and ties in infancy, immedi•ate and continuing promise for a large proportion of the dis­ that makes farming the closest thing there is family guidance, and comprehensive habilita­ abled; and to a recession-proof business. The idea of tive services until maximum potential is Whe1·eas, the American people, largely ''supporting" farm income at a time when so achieved. through lack of knowledge and misinforma­ many other Americans have no income to II. Health services and medical care for tion have not as yet recognized the disabled support makes no sense at all. the protection of his general well-being and as fellow human beings with a handicap to Of course, most members of the House Ag­ such additional special services as are re­ which all should make some accommodation, riculture Committee represent farm districts. quired because of his handicap. and who deserve equal opportunity as citi­ They are merely trying to serve the best in­ III. Education to the fullest extent to zens; and terests of their constituents, who have del­ which he is intellectually capable, provided Whereas, the Congress of the United States uged them with phone calls and letters ask­ through the regular channels of American and the legislatures of the various states, ing help. education. counties and municipalities have not as yet, We suggest that consumers at the other IV. Training for vocational and avocational by legal means, made it possible for the dis­ end of the food assembly line let their con­ pursuits as dictated by his talents and abled person to attain equal access to those gressmen know what they think about legis­ capabilities. benefits of life enjoyed by the able-bodied, lation designed to keep food prices artificially V. Work at any occupation for which he be it resolved: high. The time to do so is right now, since has the qualifications and preparation. Health-1. That all disabled persons be the agriculture committee will push for ac­ VI. An income sufficient to maintain a afforded the opportunity for full and com­ tion by the full House on its bill during the lifestyle comparable to his non-handicapped prehensive diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabili­ week starting March 17. peers. tative and follow-up services in the nation's VII. Live how and where he chooses and hospitals, clinics and rehabilitation centers to enjoy residential accommodations whic:Q without regard to race, religion, economio A BILL OF RIGHTS FOR THE meet his needs if he cannot function in con:. status, ethnic origin, sex, age or social con· HANDICAPPED vention reassert the bal­ cans are: with a published "wage base" of $7,500 was ance between th& executive and l~lattve Deeply troubled about their government; in fact earning over $20,000'; and branches. The 93d Congress was an authentic 6414 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 reform Congress. It reclaimed much of its Presidential power to commit armed forces The Ways and Means Committee was en­ constitutional role. to hostilities abroad without Congressional larged from 25 to 37 members, which weak­ In the head-on collision between two approval. ened the committee's conservative wing; branches of government that occurred dur• The War Powers law seeks to assure that The pa1·ty membership ratio on commit­ ing Watergate, the House Was able to recap· the most important decision made by govern• tees was altered in favor of the Democrats. ture much of its lost prestige and popularity. ment--whether or not to go to war-is a The new ratio was two Democrats to every For the first time, people saw their elected shared 1·esponsibility between the President Republican, plus one Democrat; 1·epresentat1ves on television, debating the and the Congress, as the U.S. Constitution House members could no longer serve as question of impeachment of a President, and intends and the standards of democracy re­ chairman of more than one major commit­ many Americans were impressed. For the av­ quire. The merit of the bill is that it com• tee, whether standing, select or joint; erage American, Watergate was a crash course pels the President to consult with Congress The procedure for electing chairmen was in political science and constitutional law. when committing American forces overseas altered, so that if a chairman was defeated, The concepts of impeachment, pardon, and to obtain Congressional consent for any the caucus need not nominate the next executive privilege, impoundment of ap­ prolonged military action. The consultative senior member, but may nominate whom­ propriated funds, war powers, and more, be­ process will require him to justify his actions ever it chooses. This change set the stage came topics of popular and everyday dis­ to Congress; and it will bring the decision­ for the selection of chairmen on other than cussion. The public became more aware than making process on whether to go to war into a senior!ty basis; ever of many of the defects plaguing the the open. Appropriations subcommittee chairmen government. The House itself emerged from The War Powers law also signals a resur~ had to be elected by the caucus. These chair­ the crucible of impeachment with a new con­ gence of Congressional independence after a men, with their control over the Federal fidence in its own abilities. long period of acquiescence to the President's budget, have as much power as many of the At the outset of the 93rd Congress, even war-making power. Beyond the vital Con.. full committee chairmen, and more control before Watergate had become a major issue, gressional check it contains, the law's signifi• over their selection was needed; House Democrats agreed on a number of im­ cance is that the Congress is reclaiming some The House Speaker would nominate all portant steps to further consolidate Dem<:>­ of its Constitutional power after a long pe• Democrats on the Rules Committee; cratic control and improve House pt·ocedures. riod of allowing it to be eroded. Junior Democratic members would be The Democrats decided to: The 93d Congress, then, had taken the guaranteed at ieast one principal subcom­ Conduct an automatic vote on all com­ Congress a long way down the road to gen­ mittee assignment; mittee chairmanships in the caucus at the uine reform. Although not widely praised, Most House Committees would have sub­ start of each Congress, by secret ballot if re­ and probably forever saddled with the title committees to conduct oversight activities quested by one-fifth of members present; of the "Watergate" Congress, it will none­ in the field of their legislative jurisdiction; Guarantee all Democrats in the House one theless stand among the better Congresses A majority of the House membership on major committee assignment; in American history. conference committees would consist of those Grant the majority party more control over Even before the 93d Congress had drawn to who generally support the House position on the scheduling of House business; a close, the elections of 1974 added a strong the matter in disagreement; Allow the House to vote on 4 rather than impetus to reform. The minority party on each House standing two days each month on noncontroversial 1974 ELECTION AND BEYOND committee was entitled to increased staffing; bills under the quicker suspension of the The drive for change and reform came to and rules procedure; a climax after watergate, Vietnam, and the The Speaker was authorized to refer bills Open all House Committee and subcom­ weariness of an electorate with an old system to more than one committee. mittee hearings and bill-drafting sessions to that had gone wrong. After the Democratic caucus, the headlines the public unless there is a specific public Change came because of an accumulation exploded: vote to operate in secrecy; and of rot: The decades of abuses of power, The Democratic Caucus takes command, curb the closed rule as used by the Ways unaccountability, secrecy, poor representa­ Congressional Elders Humbled, and Means Committee to bar fioor amend­ tion, and unresponsive legislation. Earthquake in the Congress, ments on tax and other legislation, by per­ An anti-incumbent mood was common A whiff of rebellion, mitting 50 Democrats to force the party among Americans in 1974 election season. The Revolution has come. caucus to consider an amendment. Under The people signaled their distress with a THE 94TH CONGRESS this procedure, if the caucus approves the government that conducts itself in secrecy, As the 94th Congress convened in January, amendment, the Democratic members of the spies on its own citizens, and does not tell from the outset it seemed determined to Rules Committee would be directed to allow them the truth about important national build on the reforms it had begun. Even the a vote on it in the House. issues. traditionally clubby atmosphere of the Sen­ These rules changes were approved by the Party labels, though significant, were not ate was affected, though not nearly so dras- full House in March, 1973. as important as the image of integrity. In tically as in the House. · The 93d Congress not only took measures 1974 a majority voted for the Democrats, to amend its internal procedures, but in ad­ not so much for their own virtues, but be­ CHANGES IN THE SENATE dition took actions which tended to equalize cause they held the Republicans more ac­ The Senate Democratic Caucus, with 7 new the balance of power between the executive countable a.s the party in the White House Democratic Senators, voted to reverse two and legislative branches. for the decline in integrity and the stagger­ centuries of tradition and 1·equire that all A BUDGET CONTROL ACT STRENGTHENED lug economy. Senate committee meetings be held in open The congressional role in the formulation 1974 saw the election of over 100 new mem­ session, except where members specifically of the Federal budget by providing it with oers of Congress, 75 of them new Demo­ voted to close them for national security a system for analyzing the national budget cratic House members. Today almost half reasons. of the members of the House have been (2) It also voted to require that all con­ and controlling spending. ference committees automatically meet in The Act: elected since 1970; 37 of the Senators are serving their first terms. the open unless members vote to close them. Created budget committees in both the The Republican caucus endorsed these pro­ House and Senate, A month after the electipn, the Demo­ cratic caucus assembled in Washington to posals, and formal adoption by the full Sen­ Developed a mechanism for the Congress ate is expected. to look at the budget as a whole in order organize the 94th Congress. In the past, the caucus had waited until the actual begin­ Following the lead of the House, Senate to determine spending priorities within total Democrats voted to hold secret-ballot elec­ spending ceilings, ning of a new Congra.~. In a precedent-setting session, the Caucus tions for all future committee chairmanships Allowed the Congress to determine com­ whenever one-fifth of the caucus requests peting claims for the Federal dollar in a tore through many of the most important House rules, and set the stage for a more it. The change will make it easier to oust comprehensive and systematic way, rather a chairman without fear of retribution. This than the old procedure whereby the Congress open and democratic Congress. Reforms were designed to give the mem­ measure was designed only for the future, acted on various money bills separately, often not for 1975. months apart and in isolation from one an• bers of the majority party in the House 1·esponsibility for their legislative record in Before adopting it, the Caucus approved other, and all current nominees for chairman by the old Established a legislative budget office the House: method of routine voice vote, and the Sen­ which will give the Congress an independent The Ways and Means Committee lost ate as a whole then ratified them by voice power; source of information equal to the Presi• vote. dent's Office of Management and Budget. The Caucus stripped it of its authority to select House Democratic committee posi­ The 94th Congress witnessed the collapse When historians take a look at the record of the ancient filibuster 1·ule, under which of the Congress in 1973, my guess is that tions. Power to make these assignments was they will judge the War Powers law as one shifted to the Steering and Policy Commi"t!­ it was all but impossible to cut off debate of the more important pieces of legislation tee. This Committee, a component of the if a small majority desired to prevent the enacted because it marks a turning point Caucus, is made up of 24 members, half. of majority from enacting its programs. in the continuing struggle within the Ameri­ them appointed by the Speaker, half of For more than 2 decades, reformers had can constitutional system to restore the Con­ them elected by region; been fighting the rule that required a % gress as a co-equal branch of government. The caucus, rather than Ways and Means, vote of those present and voting to cut off The War Powers law, a product of 3 years selected committee positions for the new debate. . of Congressional work, aims at limiting the House Budget Committee; In February and early March, 1975, the March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . 6415

Senate has been tied up for over a week by THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES tees. With the demise of the seniority system, a filibuster which sought to prevent a vote In retrospect, one may ask what wer~ the the changes in House rules, and the commit­ on a measure to ease the filibuster rule. guiding principles of the recent reforms? tee reorganization, we can count on the com- • Initially, several Senators proposed a solu­ Accountability is one such principle. Chair­ mittees to assume a more effective role in tion which would require a % majority men are elected by the Caucus and serve at the development of legislation. of those present and voting. Eventually, the the pleasure of the Caucus. Generally, the At the same time, there remain many de- Senate adopted a compromise solution under reforms re:flect a distaste for concentrated . fects in the committee system. A committee which % of all Senators (60) are required and unaccounted-for power, and a bias to­ can only legislate on the subject matter for a cut-off, regardless of the number pres­ ward majority rule and accountability. within its jurisdiction. The committee reform ent. Spread the action is another such princi­ of 1974, though it made many needed It is difficult to assess the effect of the ple. The rules allow junior members a chance changes, left a number of overlapping juris­ new rule. Certainly it will be easier to end at important Subcommittees and limit the dictions. Committees still cannot coordinate most filibusters. But it will be impossible number of Chairmanships a Member can their actions with those of other committees; to end debate if fewer than 60 Senators are hold. The Ways and Means Committee lost there is still the possibility that con:flicting present. power to appoint Democrats to Committees, legislation on the same subject could emerge So, in the Senate, the rulebook has not partly on the theory that that Committee from different committees. been rewritten. No committee chairmen were already had too much to do. As a means of bypassing the defects of deposed. The freshmen have minded their Openness is still another guiding principle. both the Caucus and the committee system, P's and Q's. But there have been changes. Committee hearings are to be open unless the Congress is turning to a new unit: the The power has shifted to the Northern lib­ a vote of Members favor secrecy. task force, created by the Democratic Policy erals in committee assignments. In addition, there are a number of re­ Committee in the Senate and the Steering The winds of change in the Senate were forms, not very much publicized, designed to and Policy Committee in the House. Major observa-ble, if not a gale force. achieve more orderly and efficient procedures, action on economic and energy issues has re­ CHANGES IN THE HOUSE including additional powers granted the cently beeh taking place in the Economic In the House, a modest revolution took Speaker to refer bills and to expedite Taslt Force. place. legislation. On the difficult, comprehensive issues, this trend may grow toward creation of task The catalyst that finally caused the wall of REFORMS STILL NEEDED seniority to crumble was the influence of the forces to recommend policies to the Caucus Many of these basic reforms were long and the legislative committees. new Democratic freshmen, the most reform overdue but they have been so long in com­ minded, anti-establishment crop of new ing, that, once accomplished, the reformers SIGNIFICANCE OF CHANGES members in many years. Most of them were are not sure what reforms should come next. Finally, a few comments about the signi­ elected on platforms that called for reform Some of the reforms are incomplete and still ficance of these reforms. of the Congress to restore faith in the system. need finishing touches, and I hope that the What has emerged, from the upheaval in Many older members joined them in wanting members' commitment to reform has not run the United States Congress? changes. dry. The House should continue to examine Leadership in the House: Certainly, a Before the House convened, the Democratic itself, evaluate the success of the reforms House of Representatives has emerged that freshmen-75 strong-formed a caucus of thus far, and examine the need for other is more unruly, harder to lead, more resistant their own and invited key committee chair­ ways to make the Congress more open, ef­ to party discipline by its leaders, and more men to a.ppear before them and explain why ficient and responsive. inclined to seize the initiative from the Pres­ they deserved re-election. Two years before, The most important reform is to overhaul ident than most of us would have thought a similar request by a smaller contingent of the Committee structure. Last year a weak possible even a few weeks ago. Rank and file new Democrats had been virtually ignored. reorganization plan was adopted over the Democrats will have more to say in shaping This time, the chairmen all came, and some stronger plan proposed by the Bolling com­ legislation. of the chairmen of lesser committees; who mittee. House leaders will find their job much had not been invited, even volunteered to A good many other rule changes should more complicated. They will have to consult appear. also be considered: with more members of a wider variety than In 1971 and 1973, the principle of elected Conference committees should be open to previously to discern the mood of the House. chairmanships had been established, but the the public except where the national security Speaking for the House, either for public most senior members of all committees were is jeopardized. consumption or to make compromises with able to survive votes of confidence. In 1975, At the end of a session, rules on the avail­ the White House, will be a more difficult art. the principle of elected chairmen was applied ability of conference reports 3 days before Role of Committee Chairman: Committee in earnest. :floor consideration are often suspended. Chairmen will have to become Democrats and The Nomination of full committee chair­ While greater speed in the consideration of bow to the majority view, or risk losing their men led to a struggle between the- Steering last-minute business may be desired, mem­ positions. The former dukes of the House Committee and the Caucus. The caucus rec­ bers often vote on bills they have never seen. have had some of the arrogance knocked out ommended ousting Chairman Patman (Bank­ If the three-day rule is suspended, there of them. They will no longer be answerable ing and Currency) and Hays (House Admin­ should be provision for conference reports to only to themselves. They are put on a notice istration), but voted to retain Chairman that they must lead their committees in a Poage (Agriculture) and Hebert (Armed be made available beforehand; Transcripts of all committee meetings, not fair and democratic manner. No longer do Services) . _ they serve by divine right, but as elected Rep­ When the full caucus met, however, only of investigative meetings, should be made available to the public; resentatives of the Caucus. Hebe·rt and Poage were rejected. In the end, The Power of the South: The Power of Patman was replaced by Fourth-ranked Henry The caucus and Congress as a whole need to make certain that committee chairmen the Southern Democrats, who gained dis­ Reuss, while Hays managed to save his seat proportionate power from the number of through intense politicking. follow House rules. In the past, staffing and budget requirements have often been ignored Committee Chairmanships they held, will All appropriations subcommittee chair­ by committee chairmen; decline, Patman, Poage, Hebert-all South­ men, facing caucus votes for the first time, There should be strictly limited reasons, erners-were deposed as committee chair­ pulled through. Other House subcommittee which are acceptable, for voting to close a men. Correspondingly, the power of the chairmen were subject to votes of confidence committee session; Northern and Western Democrats will in­ by members of their own committees rather crease. than by the full caucus. Two subcommittee Now a House committee may vote to close its session without stating its reasons; Role of Political Pressure Groups: In the chairmen lost their seats-Harley Staggers past, political pressure groups have been on a commerce subcommittee and Lenore The House could make it more difficult for relatively discreet, if not reluctant, to lobby Sullivan on a Banking subcommittee. a closed rule to be attached to a bill; on internal Congressional matters. But in In these dramatic events, the seniority sys­ Perhaps there should be a limit on the these reform battles, including the choice tem was smashed. The caucus had gained a age for committee chairmen; of committee chairmen, groups like Common new power, and asserted its will against that Action in the Congress, as might be ex­ Cause and National Committee for a.n ef­ of the Steering Committee. pected, is shifting away from the Caucus and fective Congress, played important roles. Seniority still plays an important role in to the legislative committees. The Caucus Their lobbyists were outside the Caucus, in the selection of chairmen. It is not, however, remains important, as it illustrated by forc­ the halls of the Capitol, in certain members' the exclusive criterion of leadership. The ing the House to consider the repeal of the offices, and often on the phone. oil depletion allowance as a part of the tax most senior member still has the first chance Personal Con:flicts: One byproduct of the reduction bill. But the major legislative ac­ reform may be some nasty personal con­ at the chairmanship. If he is rejected, the tivity will now take place in the committees. caucus, apparently will give the next chance :flicts. Some observers see, inaccurately I In recent weeks the realization in Congress believe, dangers of party dissention, Maneu­ to the next senior member, and so on down has grown that the Democratic Caucus itself the line. vering has already begun to succeed Carl lacks the expertise to develop complex, spe­ Albert as Speaker, for example. My own The revolution did subside as the caucus cific legislative and policy solutions to today's judgment is that the nation's legislative confirmed all of the chairmen of Appropria­ problems, though it can determine the party's needs and the political advantages of party tions subcommittees. The revolution was general goals. unity will quiet, tf not abolish, the personal hardly, then, a liberal rampage since many of Many legislative decisions can be left with con:fllcts in the succession struggle. None­ these chairmen would :flunk any Uberal test. confidence to the newly reformed commit- theless, the dangers of rule by faction can- 6416 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 not be brushed aside. New coalitions and A revolution has occurred but it occurred STEIGER of Arizona, Mr. THONE, and Mr. accommodations will have to evolve to en· gradually. It began four years ago when the SIKES. This bill is identical to H.R: 3821 able the Democrats to function responsibly. Caucus began voting on Chairmen. It has Effect on the Nature of the Congress: Wlll been a selective revolution. Seniority still re- in which Mr. PRESSLER, Mr. RONCALIO, the new Congress be a Run-Away Congress? . tains much weight in the selection of chair­ and Mr. SANTINI are cosponsors and to Will it be too unruly to produce intricate men. H.R. 3570 which I introduced previously. legislation in controversial areas? It is The essence of the revolution is that the Since passage of the 1973 act, numbers really too early to say, but I don't think so. Caucus has become a source of power and of cattle on feed have continued to drop The rise of the Caucus and its exercise the instrument of discipline in the House. while total beef consumption has climbed of power is much more complicated and less The bottom question is whether the Con­ to all-time highs. Thus, record produc­ predictable than a liberal takeover. After gress is capable of exercising national leader­ tion is made up increasingly of lower all, the results damaged the liberal leader­ ship. Most of us in the Congress, including ship of Speaker Albert and Majority Leader the reformers, and certainly myself, have our quality "grass-fed" animals, a vastly O'Neill, as well as the conservative Chairmen. doubts: larger proportion of which are those The House will become more dynamic, but Regional interests remain strong; which normally would have been held the ideology of the Democrats is still diverse The tendency to avoid the tough choice is over for future production. It is obvious and at times contradictory. almost overpowering; that as individual slaughter weights go The reforms of recent days do not assure The ability of the Executive to act deci­ down because of less feeding, more ani­ creative legislation. Neither do they assure sively has often been shown; mals must be slaughtered to maintain that the Democrats will be able to unite on And of course the people still look to the an economic or energy program or that the President as the Chief Policy-maker. production, let alone increase it as has institutional machinery will run smoothly. I doubt very much if the Congress, re­ been the case. Slaughter of cows-which Do not forget that the filibuster is alive and forms or no, can sit in the driver's seat. But normally would produce another calf well, and in 1973 and 1974 was used more I do believe we can preserve and strengthen next year-is up 52 percent as compared than two dozen times. the balance we have restored in recent years to a year ago, and it seems inevitable All o! these reforms may sound fairly and the Constitutional system will be the that due to greatly inflated production dull, but without them it would be unlikely stronger for it. costs, the historical production cycle will that the Democrats could assert leadership Congress has ended the tyranny of the repeat itself with a vengeance un­ in 1975 on the critical issues. How much these Committee Chairmen and introduced major­ reforms will be immediately felt through ity rule. It has elevated openness and ac­ matched previously. specific kinds of legislation passed this year countabllity. The House and the Nation are It has been argued, and rightly so, remains to be seen. It is much too early to sure to gain from this revitalization of de­ that there are too many cattle to provide make any predictions. mocracy. for a break-even market. Cattle numbers The chances for progressive legislation Americans want to move forward on the must be cut somewhat; but if the histori­ have, of course, been improved. There are problems that concern them. They want to cal sequence is once again played out, fewer Republicans and conservative Demo­ be assured that their leaders are working to­ crats than in the last Congress, and fewer of gether to tackle the serious problems con­ you can be sure that beef production will them in position of leadership. The demise fronting us. They do not expect, or want, fall inordinately low and prices will soar. of the seniority system will cut into the ef­ unanimity on public issues, but at a time Furthermore, it is inevitable that many fectiveness of the conservatives. The Repub­ when alienation with government and politi­ producers will be driven out of business lican-Southern Democratic coalition has tra­ cians runs deep, they need to be assured that as the market bottoms out, contributing ditionally worked through the oligarchy of men and women of good will and common to a much less competitive production conservative committee chairmen. Such objectives are working together to advance system when the market begins to peak dealings across party lines are now likely to the national interest. at highly profitable levels once again. I be considerably more difficult, though not I hope the Congress, buttressed now by re­ impossible. form, is prepared for revitalization and ef­ know that you have heard tales of im­ If the approval of these reforms does not fective leadership. pending wholesale bankruptcies in agri­ assure that a progressive program will be ap­ culture before, but the simple fact is proved, it does mean that many procedural that never before have livestockmen been road blocks wlll have been removed and that struck by the present combination of the Democrats wlll have the power to pass EMERGENCY LIVESTOCK CREDIT low prices and vastly increased operat­ the bllls they consider proper. NEEDS ing expenses. Aggregate figures assembled The recent House vote to end the oil de• by the U.S. Department of Agriculture pletion allowance was a direct result of the procedural changes that have transformed show that the total value of all cattle the House: HON. JAMES ABDNOR and calves in the Nation on January 1, 1975, was just 51 percent of what it was The recording of votes, OF SOUTH DAKOTA The strengthening of the Caucus (which a year earlier. At the same time, bankers told the Rules Committee what to do on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in my district are telling me that. the oil depletion vote) , Wednesday, March 12, 1975 operating loans they are being asked to The weakened clout of the Ways and Means Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, I intro­ make are just double what they were Committee, which has now become more last year. It is obvious that something democratic, duce for appropriate reference a bill to And, of course, the new freshmen. All amend the Emergency Livestock Credit has to give. Livestock numbers must be played a role in the approval of repeal of Act. Last .July the House passed and the reduced, but it will certainly not be to the oil depletion allowance. President signed the Emergency Live­ the benefit of the consumer if produc­ For the Democrats, the machinery is now stock Credit Act. This measure was in­ tion capacity is reduced inordinately low in better working order. There will be dif­ tended to insure that bona fide family and family farmers are eliminated from ficulties in formulating and passing legisla­ the production system. tion, as always, but chairmen wlll hesitate farm type livestock producers and feed­ to block any measure the Democrats really ers would .be able to obtain the financing I include in the RECORD the text of the want. As one Repubican put it: "The liberals needed to remain in business in the face bill and a section-by-section analysis: have gained power, but they lost an excuse." of drastically lowered livestock prices H.R. 4734 The pressure will indeed be on the Demo­ and rapidly increasing production costs. A bill to amend the Emergency Livestock crats to produce good legislation, par­ Many of us who supported the bill, as Credit Act of 1974 to provide additional ticularly on the economy and energy, and well as those who opposed it, were doubt­ temporary financial assistance to owners the public will not stand for excuses. The ful that an 80 percent loan guarantee at of livestock for the purpose of maintain­ Congress has regeared its machinery to re­ ing small farmers and ranchers and there­ spond more quickly to the nation's problems. exorbitant commercial rates of interest The reforms are designed to give Members of would be of any real benefit to young by preserving a competitive livestock pro­ the majority party full responsibility for men just getting established when the duction system the legislative record. market broke or even to more estab­ Be it enacted by the Senate and Ho'use of Representatives of the United States of CONCLUSION lished operato1·s who have watched the equity they built up over a lifetime erode America in Congress assembled, That section Many are hailing a new era in the House, 2(a) of the Emergency Livestock Credit Act an era in which stale, old leadership is re­ as market prices dropped. Unfortunately, placed by new dynamic leaders, waving the our fears are being confirmed, and I have of 1974 is amended by striking out the period at the end of the first sentence and insert­ banners of reform. Others, recalling that aft· been compelled to introduce legislation er the revolt against Speaker Cannon the role ing in lieu thereof the following: "and who of the Caucus proved unworkable, fear "King to amend the act so that it will accom­ have suffered severe financial losses as a Caucus" and predict brutal and divisive wars. plish its intended purpose. Joining with result of low livestock market prices, high These extremes are too simple and too ex­ me as cosponsors are: Mr. GILMAN, Mr. cost of feed and other materials necessary treme. ANDREWS of North Dakota, Mr. LOTT, Mr. to livestock production, or other factors over March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6417 which such farmers and ranchers had no Act of 1974 is amended by adding at the end assumed under the current program but control." thereof the following new sections: should be clearly specified in law. SEc. 2. Section 2(e) of the Emergency "SEc. 11. As long as there is a reasonable 5) To remove any lingering doubts that Livestock Credit Act of 1974 is amended to probability of repayment of the loan, the this may be a "bail out" bill for banks, this read as follows: Secretary shall provide the assistance pro­ section provides that any losses sustained by " (e) ( 1) The interest rate paid by the bor­ vided in this Act without regard to the the lender due to bankruptcy of the borrower rower on any loan guaranteed under this amount of indebtedness or the lack of se­ within 180 days following the signing of Act shall not exceed 5.5 per centum per curity of the borrower. the guarantee agreement shall not be cov­ annum. "SEc. 12. The Secretary shall implement ered by the guarantee. This will undoubtedly "(2) The Secretary shall pay the difference the program estlablished by this Act in make it more difficult to interest lenders in between the interest rate to be paid by the prompt and efficient manner and may use providing credit under the program, but if a borrower and the interest rate whch the employees of State and county agricultural provision of this sort is required to obtain lender charges on any loan guaranteed un­ stab111zation and conservation committees p assage of the bill, that's a risk which will der this Act, if the Secretary determines for purposes of administering this Act.". have to be accepted. Again, it must be em­ that the interest rate charged by the lender phasized that H.R. 3570 is not intended to is reasonable, taking into consideration pre­ SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS relieve banks of their unsound loans-it is to vailing private and cooperative rates on Section 1 : Adds language to further clarify keep family farmers employed, to permit loans for similar purposes and periods of which family farmers are eligible. The '74 Act them to avoid having to dump their live­ time in the community in or near which the effectively limits eligibility to family farmers stock on the market thereby further depress­ applicant resides.". but will be further clarified by the language, ing livestock market prices immediately and SEC. 3. Section 2 (f) of the Emergency Live­ "and who have suffered severe financial losses leading to much higher retail meat prices stock Credit Act of 1974 is amended by strik­ as a result of low livestock prices, high cost later. ing out "in not more than three years," and of feed and other materials necessary to live­ Section 5: Provides that the government's . all that follows through the period and in­ stock production, or other factors over which risk may be secured by ~ny available equity serting in lieu thereof the following· "in 20 such farmers and ranchers had no control." of the borrower after the lender has secured years, or as soon as the borrower is able to Section 2: 1) Provides that the borrower his risk. The government's risk is still only obtain financing sufficient to maintain the shall pay no more than 5.5 percent interest 80 percent of any losses suffered by the level of business described in section 3(a) (3) on loans guaranteed. Under the current pro­ lender, not 80 percent of the loan principal from any legally organized lending agency gram, interest rates have ranged from 9-14 and interest. without the assistance provided by this percent. Further debt at exorbitant rates of Currently the government is taking first Act, whichever occurs first.". interest will simply not help a producer who security interest in any available property, SEc. 4. Section 3 of the Emergency Live­ is already in financial straits due to the re­ leaving the lender with only an 80 percent stock Credit Act of 1974 is amended- duced value of his livestock. guarantee on what may otherwise be a ( 1) by striking out subsection (a) ( 1) and 2) Authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture totally unsecured loan. Permitting the lender inserting in lieu thereof the following: to pay the difference between 5.5 percent and to secure his risk as adequately as possible "(1) the lender is unwilling to provide, the prevailing interest rate for similar loans. with available collateral will in many cases without the assistance provided by this Act, The Secretary must find this rate to be no reduce the potential losses to be guaran­ financing to the loan applicant which is suffi­ higher than for similar loans without the teed by the government. cient to enable such applicant to maintain government guarantee and interest subsidy. Section 6: Removes the $2 billion author­ the level of business described in paragraph Section 3: Provides that loans guaranteed ization limit which has been applied to the (3) of this subsection;"; are payable in a maximum of 20 years but, total sum-not just to the government's (2) by inserting "at the level described in in any case, must be repaid as soon as the risk-of loans made by private lenders under paragraph (3) of this subsection" immedi­ borrower can obtain financing sufficient to the program. ately before the comma at the end of sub­ maintain his operation without the assist ~ The total value of all cattle and calves section (a) ( 4) ( i) ; ance provided by the Act. on January 1, 1975, was just 51 percent of (3) by striking out the period at the end Short term credit provided by the present what it was a brief year earlier. In January of subsection (a) (4) and inserting in lieu program is simply not sufficient to sustain a of 1974 cattle prices :.1ad already declined thereof"; and", and by adding at the end of producer who has lost in a matter of months over $10 per hundred weight from their Au­ subsection (a) the following new paragraph: the equity he worked a lifetime to build up. gust highs. Thus, with the aggregate worth " ( 5) there is a reasonable probability of Furthermore, it is only right that the gov­ of the nation's livestock at approximately repayment of the loan."; ernment be relieved of its responsibility if $21 billion versus about $41 billion a year ( 4) by striking out subsection (b) and in­ livestock values improve. earlier when it was already considerably less serting in lieu thereof the following: Section 4: 1) The current Act requires than its peak, it is quite obvious that a $2 "(b) The loan applicant shall certify- that the lender certify he is unwilling to billion loan ceiling is unrealistically inade­ " (1) that he will be unable to obtain the provide credit to the borrower without a quate. financing described in subsection (a) (1) in government guarantee. H.R. 3570 would add Section 7: Extends the program 1 year. the absence of the guarantee authorized by the emphasis that federal assistance is to The current law expires in July. this Act; and maintain the scale of the family farmer's Section 8: Adds 2 new sections to the law. "(2) that he will use the proceeds of the operation. Many producers could liquidate 1) Specifies that it !s the lack of prob­ loan for the purposes described in subsec­ their operations and pay off their debts. ability of repayment, not some arbitrary tion (a) (2) ."; and Others could liquidate all but a small por­ standard of indebtedness or lack of security, ( 5) by adding at the end of such section tion of their operations and continue in which constitutes reason for denial of assist­ the following new subsection: business, but, in either case, to do so would ance. "(d) The Secretary shall provide, as a part render them unable to make a living for 2) Directs the Secretary of Agriculture to of each contract of guarantee executed pur­ their family. It would also contribute to still implement the provisions of the Act as rap­ suant to this Act, that the guarantee shall lower livestock market prices at the present idy as possible using Agricultural Stabiliza­ not apply to any loss sustained by the lender time and to subsequent large increases in the tion and Conservation Service personnel, in connection with any action or proceeding retail cost of meat for two reasons-first, wherever necessary, to supplement the Farm· for relief under the Bankruptcy Act which production capacity will be reduced and, ers Home Administration, consistent with is instituted with respect to the borrower secondly, fewer producers remaining in the the emergency nature of the program. within the period beginning with the date market will mean less competition. on which the loan is made and ending 180 2) Further clarifies that the assistance of days thereafter.". this Act is to maintain the borrower's opera­ SEc. 5. Section 4 of the Emergency Live­ tion, his means of livelihood for his family, stock Credit Act of 1974 is amended to read and to preserve a competitive production SALUTE TO WALLACE AND BUTZ as follows: system. "SEc. 4. For the purpose of protecting the 3) Requires that the lender certify there is Federal Government's interests in any loan "reasonable probability of repayment of the HON. PAUL FINDLEY guaranteed under this Act, the Secretary loan" pursuant to the provisions of the Act. OF ILLINOIS may secure the Government's interest with This is required currently under the Depart­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES any property of the borrower which is avail­ ment's operating procedures, but should be able, if any, aft&r the legally organized lend­ clearly specified in law to highlight the fact Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ing agency has secured its interest.". that the intent is to maintain family farm Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the farm SEc. 6. Section 5 of the Emergency Live­ operations and not to in any way allow banks editor of the Herald Whig in Quincy, Ill., stock Credit Act of 1974 is amended by stril{­ to transfer to the government their bad debt ing out the first sentence. from producers who are driven into bank­ is the author of a timely commentary on SEc. 7. Section 8 of the Emergency Live­ ruptcy. the stature of two great Secretaries of stock Credit Act of 1974 is amended by strik­ 4) Requires the borrower to certify he is Agriculture, Henry A. Wallace and Earl ing out "one year" and inserting in lieu unable to obtain sufficient financing with­ L. Butz. Here is the text of Mr. Wilkey's thereof "two years". out assistance and that he will use such comment as it appeared in an issue last SEc. 8. The Emergency Livestock Credit financing to maintain his operation. This is week of the Quincy Herald Whig: 6418 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 [From the Quincy (lll.) Herald Whig] CONTEMPT FOR CONGRESS posal for a period of 90 days. Presumably, it WALLACE, BUTZ; GREAT SECRETARIES would labor during this three-month period to produce its own energy plan, which would (By Keith L. Wilkey) HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON mitigate the adversities that any energy As we see it there have been two outstand~ OF TI..LINOIS conservation effort will impose. But in spite ing U.S. Secretaries of Agriculture in this of the sense of urgency we in Congress sought century; one a Democrat and the other a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to instill in the American people, the House Republican. The Democrat was the late Wednesday, March 12, 1975 proceeded to take a 10-day recess to enable Henry A. Wallace, of Iowa, and the Repub­ members to "find out what is on the minds lican, Indiana's Dr. Earl L. Butz. Others, of Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. Speak­ of their constituents." course, may disagree. er, yesterday the Washington Post car­ The irony is obvious. The n ation is in the Both of these outstanding farm leaders ried an excellent guest column by our throes of double-digit inflation, perhaps the were intellectually brilliant. Whether their colleague from Maine, BILL CoHEN, on jaws of double-digit unemployment . The philosophies were in agreement or not is why Congress generates contempt. We construct ion ami housing industries are vir­ beside the point. Both grew up on the farm are all sensitive to the fact that our pub­ tually collapsed, the UAW is threatening to and did all the hard and dirty work that march 200,000 of its members on Washing­ the most obscure farmer does. Both were lic performance rating is at an all-time ton-and Congre·ss hoids on to the hoax that highly educated. low. While some of the public criticism it is necessary to hear the word first-hand This combination has been extremely diffi~ of the Congress may be unjustified due from its const ituents. cult to obtain in farm leadership positions: to a lack of full understanding of the leg­ Congressional cloakvooms cla.tter with A man who is a real, hard-working dirt farm~ islative process, the fact remains that complaints about Penn Central's bankrupt er and a professional agriculturist who is an much of the criticism is justified. As lines, the featherbedding, the death of the intellectual. Wallace and Butz are the only Congressman COHEN points out, the root work ethic ("What ever happened to a day's ones who fit this description. pay for a day's work?"). Yet the House has Both have been articulate rm·al leaders cause of this is "the discrepancy between been in session for longer than one hour on who could go to Washington-that center of promises and performance." Our col­ only a handful of occasions since January intrigue, bureaucracy and politics at its best league cites several examples of our and we have scheduled another two-week and its worst and not only find their way shortcomings including an excess recess recess at the end of March. around but cross rapiers with the best of 'em. policy, delays and distractions on fash­ Congress complains a-bout a swollen Ex­ Both secretaries have been popular witb ioning an energy program, gutting a ecutive usurping its constitutional functions farmers and both drew criticism from the comprehensive committee reform plan, and, then, its antennae ever sensitive to the media. Though agriculture is the largest and hypocrisy on spending. Our colleague probable arrival of difficult decisions, yields single industry in the United States, it felt observes that a remedy is available for its legislative responsibilities whenever it the sting of urban cynicism in President can conveniently do so. Already we are dis­ Roosevelt's day just as it does in President the sour and cynical public attitude to­ cussing an energy plan that would give the Ford's. wards Congress, and that is, "the simple President "stand-by" gas mtioning author­ Traditionally the secretary of agriculture reconciliation of our deeds with our ity. Yet should the President ever deem it has been a defeated party office seeker who words." necess.ary to declare rationing, we would be was considered to be too big to languish on At this point in the RECORD, Mr. Speak­ among the first to fall back and question the back streets of defeat and political ig­ er, I include the article written by Con­ the "advisability or wisdom" of his decision. nominy. He must be propped up by the party, gressman CoHEN and commend it to the The House historically has expressed its and when he happened to come from a farm attention of our colleagues. The article contempt for the Senate's practice of attach­ state, what better spot could be found than ing nongermane amendments to legisl.a.tion. placing him on the gratuity shelf as head of follows: Within the past week, however, we proceeded the department of agriculture? WHY CONGRESS GENERATES CONTEMPT to graft an amendment repealing the oil de­ Not all secretaries were so appointed, (By WilHam S. Cohen) pletion allowance onto the tax re•bate bill, thereby enhancing the chances of Senate de~ however. Some had to be designated to "If government becomes a law-breaker, it placate fat cat party donors and others to invites contempt for the laws... " lay or filibuster at a time when most a.gree whom the administration was under the strap Justice Brandeis' words were a lltany to that the economy is in need of rapid stimu­ of obligation. Secretary Ezra Taft Benson many of us in Congress last year. We recited lation. (1953-1961) was a case in point. We in Congress have spoken frequently them, quietly, repeatedly, as we measured and fervently of the need to modernize the Orvllle Freeman (a good secretary) is an the allegations against Richard Nixon to de­ House, to make it more efficient and effec~ example of the defeated candidate. He lost termine if their collective weight tipped the out in his bid for reelection as governor of tive, to slim down our expansive waistline scales in favor of impeachment. and overlapping layers of jurisdictional fat. Minnesota in the Kennedy year of 1960. The impeachment inquiry confronted us Henry A. Wallace's application of economic But when the opportunity for reform pre­ with allegations of official malfeasance. sented itself, we eviscerated the bipartisan principles in agriculture drew him closer to Guided by Justice Brandeis, we assumed farm politics and that in turn pulled him Bolling Committee Report, reacting to spe­ that misconduct at the top of our govern­ cial interest pressure and the general reluc­ away from a solitary career in genetic mental structure loosens the cement of law tance of members to release whatever per~ science. Wallace went to USDA at age 43. at its very base. Butz, on the other hand, saw the cul­ quisites of power they had accumulated But what of nonfeasance, the failure to through seniority. mination of a brilliant career in economic act in accordance with the expectations of agriculture in the post he now holds. He had Last year the House ostentatiously refused the people? Can non-action in the face of to accept a scheduled pay raise and received slain most of his farm economic dragons certain imperatives prove as corrosive to our when he assumed the USDA post at age 64. plaudits for its example of sacrifice in hard national spirit as improper action? times. It then quietly ac-cepted a stationery Wallace was not politically-minded when I raise this question as one who is in the allowance increase-which can be withdi'awn he came to Washington, but was badly in­ second term as a member of the "people's as income-without a vote's ever having fected when he left. Butz held the post of House" at a time when the people's con­ taken place by the full membership in open assistant secretary during the Eisenhower fidence in Congress is at a low ebb. debate and discussion. years, and had been immunized. Between Many of us can point to individual repre­ The hypocrisy is most blatant when the 1959 and 1972, he became one of Purdue sentatives and senators who work long and House considers the expenditure of public University's most illustrious top men. hard hours on legislation and at constituent funds. Certain members will support every Not everyone liked Wallace and not every­ service, who a-ttend meetings, conferences, spending program presented and then vote one likes Butz. Too many farmers and farm dinners, banquets, who make hundreds of against the debt-limit ceiling. This permits groups expect the secretary of agriculture to speeches on current issues in and out of their them to stand tall in the saddle for social give them high prices for their stuff and districts, cut ribbons at grand openings, and justice while telling their constituents they low costs to produce it. Each commodity who make many personal sacrifices, including are trying to rein in irresponsible deficit group has its own little subsidy or special those of a normal family life, to win the right spending. privilege axe to grind on the whetstone of of representation-and reelection. Similar examples are abundant and no ~t in national finance and special legislation. When What, then, accounts for the much-talked­ need of recitation. As public officials we set they don't get their way, they often become about disaffection with our institution, the the tone of conduct to which others con­ vindictive toward the agriculture secretary. pervasive belief that Congress cannot re­ form. When our working rules of behavior Wallace and Butz could understand this spond to the ills that afflict us? are lax, sluggish, undisciplined or hypocriti­ and didn't let it bug them. More sensitive I suggest that the root cause of the cal, then we are likely to see our habits mir­ men became so frustrated by criticism they cynicism is that the public is aware of the rored in the very people who look to us for resigned or filled out their terms baffled discrepancy between promises and ·perform­ instruction and leadership. and disappointed. ance. The country's mood is sour and cyn!cal. Nothing's perfect. Wa.llace and Butz stand For example, Congress recently passed leg- But the remedy 1s avalla.ble to Congress head and shoulders above the rest. But then 1sla.tlon that would have prohibited the without prescription-the simple reconcilia­ this is just our opinion. President from implementing his energy pro~ tion of our deeds with our words. Ma'i"ch 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6419 SOUTH DAKOTAN RECEIVES AWARD ties include the YMCA Board of Directors, "I have elevated the philosophy of man, by Sioux Valley Hospital Board of Directors, schooling him in my wisdom. Greater South Dakota and the South Dakota "I live in the greatest and most magnifi- HON. LARRY PRESSLER Battleship Commission. During the past year cent country in the world. OF SOUTH CAROLINA he served as vice chairman of the "Citizens' "I am proud. Committee for Medical Education" which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "For I am an American." worked successfully for the establishment of It is with this pride that I realize my Wednesday, March 12, 1975 a four-year medical school in South Dakota. responsibility as a citizen. The banquet speaker was Msgr. Francis L. To get involved is to fulfill the responsi­ Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, I wish to Sampson who has served most of his adult bility of citizenship. One of the greatest call attention to the outstanding service life as a chaplain in the U.S. Army. dangers we face today is the feeling that that has been rendered the State of an individual is powerless to effect change South Dakota by Mr. Evans Nord, a resi­ in our world and within the country. But dent of Sioux Falls, S.Dak. Mr. Speaker, as the late Alfred E. Smith once said, "All as I sit in this Chamber I frequently CLARICE KONTELY: "MY RESPON­ the ills of a democracy can be cured by have thought of how one best serves his SIBILITY AS A CITIZEN" more democracy." country. I have come to t}:le conclusion To further illustrate this responsibility to citizenship, I'd like to have you envision that each person must do the best that HON. GARRY BROWN an apple tree. In 1776, the seed was planted he can in the various walks of life. In­ OF MICHIGAN which gave birth to the newly formed Amer­ deed, I would even suggest that many IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ica. The Bill of Rights, as outlined within citizens such as Mr. Nord perhaps con­ the Constitution, along with its tenets of tribute more to keeping our country go­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 democracy and liberty, had firmly embedded ing than some of us in this Chamber. Mr. BROWN of Michigan. Mr. themselves and taken root within the lives It has frequently occurred to me that of every American. Those before me realized Speaker, this year, as they have for the this, as they paid for them with dignity, a man who runs a business and who keeps previous 27, the Veterans of Foreign bravery, and even their very lives. We shall a part of our economy going, and at the Wars and its ladies auxiliary are hon­ be reminded that the dead are summoning same time manages to raise a fine family oring the winners of their Voice of De­ us to take up the torch which their hands and contribute to his community, is per­ mocracy program, and I am privileged carried with glory and honor through the haps the essence to the quality of life we and proud to have had as a constituent great tribulations of war. Since the birth enjoy in this country. the winner for the State of Michigan, of this country, 6,000,000 men and women Mr. Speaker, frequently a Member of Clarice Konteiy. have stood in defense of their country's free­ Congress or members of society gain dom. Like the apple tree which endured As I am sure most of my colleagues many a storm and frosty night in order that recognition for assisting the peor or for know, the Voice of Democracy program it may produce abundant fruit, those 6,000,- carrying on activities for special seg­ is a national broadcast script-writing 000 fought to provide the priceless gift of ments of the American society. Perhaps program which provides an opportunity freedom for me. we have reached a time that we should for lOth, 11th, and 12th grade students As I near the age of 18, I become more give more recognition to those middle in our public, private, and parochial ultimately aware of my voting privileges. A Americans who consistently labor in do­ schools to think, write, and speak up survey taken in 1973, showed that in the ing the work of society and in paying for freedom and democracy. 1972 presidential election, only ¥2 of all eli­ the taxes and bills for all the programs gible voters bothered to participate. I as a The theme this year, entitled "My Re­ citizen must be willing to utilize these privi­ we appropriate here. Evans Nord repre­ sponsibility as a Citizen," is intended to leges, but I must also be willing to become sents the best of this group of middle focus the attention of our youth on the knowledgeable of current issues, and write Americans who keep our country going. obligations of citizenship and prompt a to my congressman in order to nurture and Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent personal evaluation of their responsibil­ stress needed legislation. In accomplishing to include in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ity toward the preserving of democracy this, I can see to it that government is more this article summarizing the accomplish­ as a way of life in our Republic. Approx­ truly representative of the people. ments of Mr. Nord and of his recent hon­ imately 500,000 students from over 7,500 One must also branch out among the com­ or in being awarded the Sioux Falls Cos­ munity to serve and cooperate with its mem­ secondary schools participated in this bers. This can be achieved by contributing mopolitan Club's Distinguished Service year's 28th annual Voice of Democracy to charitable organizations, paying my share Award at the group's 46th annual ban­ program. of the tax burden, and cooperating with civic quet last Thursday night at the Minne­ My former constituent and the Michi­ leaders and law enforcement agencies. I haha Country Club. gan State winner, Clarice Kontely, has must be willing to work united with the [From the Sioux Falls Argus-Leader] already demonstrated her concern members of my community, for in unity, NORD RECEIVES COSMOPOLITAN DISTINGUISHED through her personal involvement in there is strength, and that philosophy, fel~ SERVICE AWARD low citizens is the very core of our demo­ school affairs, having been president of cratic government. Evans Nord received the Sioux Falls Cos· her class, president of the student sen­ mopolitan Club's Distinguished Service ate, and an active participant in many But in order to perpetuate any reform, in Award at the group's 46th annual banquet order for the fruits of a democracy to be other extracurricular activities. Clare, as fully appreciated, I must learn to better my­ Thursday night at Minnehaha Country Club. she prefers to be called, has plans to Nord, 57, is executive vice president and self by utilizing my talents, strengthening general manager of Midcontinent Broadcast­ pursue a career in the electronic media, my weaknesses, and building my character ing Co. radio or television, or as she hurtfully as a human being. I must become a hard Married and the father of five children, related to me, an attorney, the practice working and perseverent young American Nord's activities cover a span of years. On ·of law if she does not succeed with her with faith in my soul, and the hope of a his return after World War ll, he started first chosen career. better America within my eyes. and served as first commanding officer of the Not only I, but all responsible citizens of Clare has been the winner of many this country must band together and face Naval Reserve Training Center. He served awards for her forensic a.bility which are on the Board of Directors of the Junior the challenges of our time. For like I said Chamber of Commerce from 1948 to 1952 and too numerous to recite and, unfortu­ earlier, we are the very core of government. was selected Outstanding Young Man of the nately, just reading the script she has Implanted within each of us is a seed, which Year in 1950. prepared will not permit my colleagues to houses the principles of American democ~ Nord served as chairman of the Minne­ have the full benefit of her presentation. racy. If we choose to become involved within haha County March of Dimes Committee Nevertheless, I am most pleased to in­ the growth cycle, our seed wm continue to during the polio epidemic of 1949 and 1950. clude in these remarks the broadcast produce for generations and generations. He originated the "Battle of the 'Sioux" script prepa,red and presented by Clare But if we reject the core, the seed will be which pitted officials from Sioux City against which brought to her the high honor of wasted, and along with it, freedom and officials from Sioux Falls in an effort to raise democracy. money for the March of Dimes. He has served the Michigan State winner of the Voice Now more than ever, we the citizens liv· as Chamber president in 1964, United Fund of Democracy contest: ing in the greatest country in the world, in chairman in 1967 and U.S. Savings Bond MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN the greatest time in history, must be deter­ state chairman in 1969. "I have died in war, so that man may know mined to accept our responsibility to citizen­ In 1960 Nord received the Augustana Col· the meaning of democracy. ship. lege Centennial Award and in 1967 the Unit· "I have built courtrooms to keep my peo­ Perhaps it is fitting to close with the words ed Community Services Distinguished Serv­ ple free, ln order that there be equal justice of a former statesman, Lymann Abbot, as ices Award. Hls current community actlvl~ for an. he once said, 6420 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma'tch 12, 1975

"A nation 1s made great, not by its fruit­ be accepted as a paragon of veracity in world the Air," which began back in 1939, Sister ful acres, but by the men who cultivate diplomacy. St. Clara said, on radio station WKBB, which them, not by its great forests but by the men A further stipulation should be some kind isnowWDBQ. who use them; not by its victorious wars, of enforceable commitment that Castro won't "I had a brother who was a Jesuit in New but by the men who fight them. America was make further attempts to subvert other Orleans,'' she said, enthusiastically. "He and a great land when Columbus discovered it, Latin American countries with his brand of a friend really first got things moving for but Americans, you, and I, have made of it, Bolshevik revolution. me. They worked With a radio station there." a great nation." During a visit with her, she said, they sug­ gested she go on the radio with a cooking program. When she received the okay from SISTER ST. CLARA, BVM WKBB, she cautiously approached the su­ perior at Mount Carmel ("religious orders REMEMBER, FIDEL IS A LIAR were not so free in those days"), who was HON .. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN delighted. The program, which drew an audience of HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK OF IOWA homemakers to what is now Clarke's Music OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hall, served both to train students in home IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 12, 1975 economics and , journalism and to share Wednesday, March 12, 1975 recipes with its listeners. Students prepared Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, I am enter­ the dishes on the show's kitchen, which was Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, several ing today an article from the Febru­ wheeled out on the stage. Senators are again urging that the ary 23, 1975, issue of the Dubuque, Iowa, "One of the advantages of that program," United States normalize relations with Telegraph-Herald. It presents an inter­ Sister St. Clara remembered, "is that it be­ came like a club. The women were so loyal Cuba. In my view such a move would be esting sketch of Sister Mary St. Clara, and united." ridiculous. a member of the Sisters of Charity, BVM, Highlights of the program are many. One Cuba has been a constant source of who is recognized as an accomplished day she particularly remembers. subversion ever since Fidel Castro home economist and dietician. It is very "I always would say, 'If you have any seized power. It has trained, equipped, difficult to say how many individuals and questions, feel free to call me.' One day, I and financed revolutionary movements families in the tri-State area around was hurrying to lock the department so I throughout the Western Hemisphere. I could get to Holy Hour when the phone rang. Dubuque eat better, more balanced, nu­ When I answered, a voice said, 'Sister, would see no reason to normalize relations with tritional, healthy meals because of sis­ you please tell me how to prepare wild rice a country that is actively engaged in ters' dedication and expertise in her and chestnut stuffing for duck?' Since I subverting the governments of other unique apostolate. I know that Sister St. was in a hurry and on my way out, I told him Latin American nations. Clara is respected and admired for her if he would send me a self-addressed en­ Furthermore, as a recent editorial in many years of service to the homemakers velope, I would look it up for him. He said, the Orlando, Fla., Sentinel Star has of the area and I think this article is a 'Sister, I'm a blind veteran. If you could warned, we should remember that Castro fitting testimony to that contribution. tell me what I need, I could get someone to get it for me so I could make my own din­ is a liar. He rose to power on a promise The article follows: ner.' Well," Sister St. Clara said, "I went to to throw out the Batista regime and hold [From the Dubuque (Iowa) Telegraph­ work right then.'' electi.ons within a year. Castro's promise, Herald, Feb. 23, 1975] "People still feel free to call me," she said. of course, was never carried out. The HOME Ec CAREER BEGINS BY CHANCE "Just the night before last, a woman called Sentinel Star comments: (By Sandy Wood) and asl>;:ed me exactly how to prepare pork Nearly 16 years have passed and the Cuban chops." Sister M. St. Clara Sullivan, BVM, never While conducting the radio show, Sister people still are waiting for their Marxist de­ wanted to take home economics. When she liverer to let them mark a ballot. Obviously St. Clara co-authored, with a University of entered college, she agreed with her parents Dubuque teacher, a homemaker's column for a man who'd lie to his own people isn't to and brother to try it for a year. But she did be accepted as a paragon of veracity in so reluctantly, determined to sit in the back the Telegraph Herald. The show ended in world diplomacy. 1969. That year, Sister St. Clara also com­ of the class and hate it. Luckily, things pleted 50 years of teaching at Clarke, 40 years History shows that Castro cannot be didn't work out quite like she had planned. of preparing dieticians, and was named pro­ believed. This fact makes me even more As a matter of fact, tables turned on her. fessor emeritus. Her crisply-dressed teacher told the class she During those years at Clarke, she taught skeptical of an attempt to resolve the was glad they were interested in homemak­ differences between the United States ing, because they all could make better "home economics with a stress on home­ and Cuba. homes. Sister St. Clara then saw a goal in making." In 1928, she said, two students Following is the text of the editorial the field she had intended to hate. That walked into the department and said, "We teacher, she says today, inspired her to ob­ want to be dieticians. How do you go about from the March 7 edition of the Sen­ it?" She found out. About 1930, she became tinel Star: tain a master's degree at Columbia Univer­ sity, and embark upon a career which has a member of the American Dietetic Associa­ [From the Orlando (Fla.) Sentinel Star, included devoting a lifetime of teaching to tion, which qualified her to train students Mar. 7, 1975] Clarke College, teaching and advising the for dietetic internships in ADA-approved REMEMBER, FIDEL Is A LIAR entire community through radio and news­ hospitals. Several students, who now have The United States does business with many paper, and juding Recipe Roundup every year gone to various hospitals and clinics, still a Communist government-including the since it began 20 years ago. correspond with her. mother country, Soviet Russia-and dealing During that time, she has seen loads of In 1952, Sister St. Clara was presented with Cuba would be no different in principle Recipe Roundup entries, in several categor­ one of tl1e first McCall Mike Awards, given than commerce with, say, Romania or Poland. ies. Looking back, she has only praise for in recognition of public service by a woman Therefore we have no objection to the the entrants. in broadcasting. After winning the award, suggestion of Sens. Jacob K. Javits, R-N.Y. "What I have noticed over the years," the "Boys Club chef" she said, "asked me if I and Claiborne Pell, D-R.I., that President she said, "are improvements in following would take some of the boys on the radio Ford and Secretary of State Kissinger look directions and neatness. Also, now we seem program. We brought them up during Boys' into a resolution of differences be·tween Ha­ to have so many more entries not only Club week. They broadcast and demonstrated. vana and Washington to "normalize rela­ from good Dubuque cooks, but from people I never knew what was going to happen. tions" soon. out in the area." After that, they wanted to take a chefs' our only reservations are that any such As a judge, although she tests the winning course. So the girls taught them. And oh, action be in the U.S. national interest (or recipes, she admits a clever title catches her how I loved those boys. Every now and then at least not do us a disservice) and that we eye. She says she will never forget the title I'll be going down the street and some great take anything Fidel Castro says with a large of the winning recipe in the category she big fellow who towers over me will stop and grain of salt. judged last year. It was called "Forgotten say, 'Sister, don't you t·emember me?' And The key to Castro's 1959-60 revolution, re­ Cake." it will be one of those boys." member, was a promise to sweep out the Sister St. Clara is now in retirement in Like running into old friends, 81-year-old corrupt Batista regime and then hold elec­ the city, working part-time in the Alumni Sister St. Clara says the achievements that tions no later than a year after his govern­ Office at Clarke. But the life that has led have marked her career just sort of happened ment assumed power. her there is packed with memories and ac­ upon each other. "I never really went out Nearly 16 years have passed and the cu­ complishments. She does not have to be and searched for them," she said. From the ban people still are waiting for their Marxist coaxed to talk about them. moment the determined college student de­ deliverer to let them mark a ballot. Obviously Probably one of her most satisfying accom­ cided to detest home economics, "one thing a man who'd lie to his own people isn't to plishments was the "Clarke Radio Kitchen of has always just led to another." March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS. OF REMARKS 6421 PUTTING THE FED UNDER FffiE more nervous about future inflation and The goal of full employment, :first ar­ raise their rates again. ticulated by the Congress more than 25 So Congress should look somewhere else for the scapegoat to blame for high inter­ years ago, remains unfulfilled while the HON. DEL CLAWSON est rates and the slack economy. The leg­ Federal Government debates what is an OF CALIFORNIA islators might start right in their own halls, "acceptable" rate of unemployment and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where the massive boom-era Vietnam war whether inflation is a more important deficits were approved, and where acclaim Wednesday, March 12, 1975 problem than depression. In fact, no level greeted the price and wage controls that of unemployment is acceptable, and the Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, this later led to shortages, bottlenecks, continued only way to put a permanent end to the morning's Los Angeles Times contains an rampant inflation and the resulting slump. boom-and-bust economic cycles is to editorial commentary on a recent action create a Federal job guarantee program of this House. I commend the editorial in the context of national priorities that for its discernment of the motivation w'ill support it. The business of America which obviously shone through the most CONYERS DEPLORES INADEQUACY is not business;· the business of America careful and accomplished attempts at OF PIECEMEAL JOB PROGRAM ought to be insuring a high standard of obfuscation. The editorial follows: living and quality of life for all. PUTTING THE FED UNDER FmE HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. As anyone who is familiar with Amer­ The powerful seven-man Federal Reserve OF MICHIGAN ica's cities already knows, the burden of Board is an easy political scapegoat. It has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unemployment is not borne equally by great autonomy and broad powers. The work all the American people. The hardest hit of its members is shrouded in mystery, and Wednesday, March 12, 1975 and the least visible to statisticians and they tend to make stuffy speeches. So the Fed governors are often called on the con­ Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, although lawmakers are the black teenagers, al­ gressional carpet when the economy turns I shall vote for the emermency employ­ most half of whom cannot find work. For sour. ment appropriations the House is con­ them, depression is nothing new or un­ Lately it has begun happening aga-in. The sidering today, no one should be deluded usual; it is a normal condition of their House of Representatives has passed a res­ into believing that such minimal, piece­ lives which undermines whatever hope olution that would have the Fed reduce meal actions will even begin to cope with remains that they will be able to afford long-term interest rates quickly. The resolu­ the awesome problem of unemployment food and shelter, much less the comforts tion also states the House's desire for Fed Chairman Arthur F. Burns to report fre­ and depression which confronts the which they see advertised every day as quently on what the board is planning to do United States today. things which the "average American" about the money supply, credit conditions When the Congress passed the Emer­ enjoys. For all our talk about conserving and interest rates. A similar resolution is gency Jobs Act last December, I pointed the Nation's scarce natural resources, we taking shape in the Senate. out that fully half of the jobs created by continue to mindlessly squander our most Many congressmen would like to see the that bill would have been needed to give precious resources-the health and hope Fed's wings clipped. Its members are now work to the unemployed men and women of our youth. Evidence of this shameful appointed, confirmed and then left largely waste is provided in the following article to their own devices during their fixed ten­ in Detroit alone~ Since that time, the ures. But the legislators would like to start official unemployment rates have con­ by Herrington J. Bryce, of the Joint overseeing the board more closely and telling tinued to skyrocket, but the Govern­ Center for Political Studies, which ap­ it just what to do. ment's concern and commitment have peared in today's Washington Post: It is a bad idea. Despite the odds against it, not even begun to keep pace. The num­ THE CRISIS IN BLACK TEENAGE the Fed has not done badly in its work. In ber of jobless people who are no longer UNEMPLOYMENT fact, it has done better than Congress and even included in the official unemploy­ The rate of unemployment among black the White House in responding quickly to ment figures by itself exceeds the total teen-agers has risen by an astronomical 43 economic troubles with action instead of de­ per cent over the last year. Nearly 400,000 bates and electioneering. Inflation would no number of jobs we are providing for to­ day. black youths ( 41.1 per cent of their labor doubt have become even worse in 1973 and force) are pounding the streets looking for 1974 had the Fed not clamped down early But however inadequate it may be, work. on the credit supply. The economy might President Ford is likely to veto this bill It may come as a surprise to many, but have boomed longer, and then slowed even with the paltry assistance it provides. the rate of unemployment among black more abruptly, than it did. And even if the Congress prevails over teen-agers has always been intolerably high. Now the board is criticized for not expand­ a presidential veto, very few of the un­ Even in good times, say in 1969, when the ing the money supply quickly enough. Ac­ employed millions will ever know the dif­ overall unemployment rate was 3.5 per cent, tually, the Fed is doing its part to make the black teen-age unemployment rate was moderate expansion possible. But any expan­ ference. Not only is the number of jobs provided by this bill totally inadequate, 24 per cent. Furthermore, ever since the mid­ sion depends on borrowers' desire to borrow, dle '60s the black teen-age unemployment and bankers report that demand for loans many of them will probably never even rate has been more than twice that of their is down. That makes the complex process be created because of the temporary na­ white counterparts. Ever since the 1957- work far more slowly. ture of this so-called emergency pro­ 1958 recession, at least a fourth of all black The House call for action to reduce long­ gram. Instead of creating a few jobs teen-agers have been unemployed. term interest rates is merely foolish. Cer­ which will disappear again in a matter We did not get to the 41 per cent unem­ tainly the goal is worthy, for high rates deny of months, this Government must ployment rate in one big leap. It should not employment to the job seeker, leave the en­ have been a surprise. Knowing that teen­ trepreneur unable to expand his business, acknowledge and assume its largest ob­ ligation; to insure that no man or wom­ age unemployment climbs rapidly in a reces­ and price home buyers out of the market. sion, we should have expected it as part of No doubt every member of the Fed would an will ever again be without the chance the overall forecast of an 8 plus general un­ be happy to see those rates come down. But to learn a decent living. employment rate. Moreover, during the year getting there is not as easy as it sounds. I propose a new and more meaningful the black teen-age unemployment rate The Fed can reduce rates in the short-term definition of the Nation's security that worsened steadily month by month, but no­ money markets by increasing the supply of transcends a "security" based only on body noticed. It was 34.5 per cent in Octo­ credit until it meets or exceeds demand. That ber, 36.9 per cent in November, 37.7 per cent is happening now. The going charge for a missiles, tanks, and submarines. Amer­ ica's national security must by definition in December, and then the jump to 41.1 three-month loan from one big blue-chip per cent in January. And figures seriously corporation to another is about 6%, %, down include job security for our workers, in­ underestimate the gravity of the problem. from more than 8% a year ago, and other come security for our families, personal Black teen-agers are accelerating the pace short-term rates are following along-all be­ security for our city dwellers, nutritional at which they leave the labor force. Between cause of the Fed's actions. security for the poor and elderly, edu­ 1973 and 1974 alone, the number of black A 30-year mortgage on a house or a fac­ cational security for our children, and teen-agers who left the labor force in disgust tory 1s something else again, for no sane equal opportunity security for everyone. and convinced that they could not find jobs lender-except a philanthropist-will make If the Congress would provide for its more than doubled. These discouraged a. loan below what he figures will be needed youths are not counted among the unem­ to protect himself against inflation and make people with the same devotion it pampers ployed. a little profit, too. That rule applies no mat­ the Pentagon, an increasingly cynical And the problem is not only in the poor ter how much money the Fed prints up and citizenry might become convinced that sections of our cities. At the close of la$t crams into the system. In fact, 1f it creates the Congress does in fact act in the best year, the unemployment rate for black teen­ too much credit, the lenders wlll become interests of the Nation. agers llving in the poor sections of our metro- 6422 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 politan areas was 43 per cent compared to crease their output to meet a rising demand, Pacific Ocean, this footpath links a 34 percent in the non-poor areas. Even black find it too costly to discriminate or to put tantalizing variety of Northwest coun­ teen-agers outside of the large cities have unrealistic requirements on who they hire. an intolerably high rate. More than one Admittedly, education is no panacea-one try. Most of the way is mountainous. fourth of them are unemployed. And most fifth of all black family heads who are poor The Rockies, the Selkirks, the Cascades, are not eligible for unemployment insur· had at least a high school education. A and the Olympics are only some of the ance even under the new expanded program; black who has finished high school makes no most famous mountains which the hiker for many are not part of the experienced more than a white who finished eighth grade will cross. Great rivers such as the labor force, and many quit voluntarily or and one who has finished college makes no Kootenai, the Columbia, the Skagit, and did not work long enough to qualify. more than a white college dropout. All this the Hoh charm the westbound hiker. The unfortunate part about all this is that aside, education is important. Most black we have consistently belittled the problem of teen-agers ought to be in school rather than The desert-like lowlands of the Okano­ high black teen-age unemployment. The ar­ in the labor market. gan contrast vividly with the temperate gument persisted that teen-age unemploy­ The sad reality of bla~k teen-age life is rain forests elsewhere on the trail. On ment was not all that important. It was the that it lacks viable alternatives. White teen­ the Olympic Peninsula, glorious alpine male head of the household who was impor­ agers also leave the labor force. But they scenery is not far from dramatic wilder­ tant. The error in this chauvinism is that have some place to go. They are enrolling in ness beaches. This trail offers more nearly 34 per cent of black families as com­ colleges and in the military in increasing variety than any other in the United pared to 10 per cent of white families are numbers. Many go home to parents who are States. with a female head and this fact is especially not economically strapped. poignant with poor black families; 64 per Unfortunately, as the teen-age unemploy­ Our Northwest history is here for the cent are female-headed. ment rate rises, blacks will have to compete hiker to discover on his own two feet. The point is that black teen-agers contrib­ more intensely for entrance into colleges The Indian past survives in the legends ute significantly to the earnings of their which is a newfound hope. As the supply of of the Kettle Range's White Mountain families. While their median income is just potential students and soldiers swells with and in the perfectly-preserved 500 year over $600 per year, this is just under one­ young whites who are leaving the work force old village which archaeologists are un­ tenth of the income of the average black in search of alternatives, there will be a covering at Cape Alava. The pioneer pe­ family. Such a proportion is critical in low­ strong incentive for college and military re­ income black families. Furthermore, 20 per cruiters to screen out blacks either on the riod, especially, confronts and fascinates cent of low-income black families have more basis of qualification or discrimination. The backpackers in the form of log cabins in than one wage earner. Who are these other black teen-ager will continue to fall behind. old clearings and in the memories of old­ earners? Many are teen-agers. timers. Whidbey Island can even boast The situation is substantially different an authentic blockhouse. All across the among white low-income families. Poverty Northwest there are interesting traces of in this group relates more to the elderly THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST early travellers-the explorers such as than it does among blacks where poverty is Ross and Thompson; and forgotten trap­ the plight of people who have children. NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL It is not only in respect to their contribu­ pers, homesteaders, riverboaters, miners, tion to family income that black teen-agers' and foresters. To walk the trail is to work is important, but also with respect to HON. JOEL PRITCHARD learn American history the best way, the their future. Teen-age employment provides OF WASHINGTON personal, unforgettable way. work experience, it provides an early oppor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The establishment of the Pacific tunity to select professions, to develop proper Northwest Trail will have a beneficial work attitudes, and to obtain an exposure to Wednesday, March 12, 1975 economic impact upon the region. In­ new friends. Little wonder that we find that after years of being beaten around in the Mr. PRITCHARD. Mr. Speaker, on come will accrue to local merchants, labor force, blacks develop high labor market January 27, 1975, I introduced H.R. outfitters, and trail crews and many vis­ turnover rates. We destroy proper work at­ 2153, a bill which designates the Pacific itors will need campground and motel ac­ titudes at the outset. Northwest Trail as a new national scenic commodations. In a region where so What can be done? Many call for summer trail. This legislation proposes the crea­ many enterprises have risen and fallen employment for youth. The United States tion of a new backpacking trail from over the years, trail-based recreation Conference of Mayors is asking for approxi­ Glacier National Park, Montana to can offer a modest yet firm boost to local mately 1.2 million summer jobs for their urban youth. Laudable, but for blacks this Olympic National Park, Washington economies. misses the point. The seriousness of black State. · Ronald Strickland, an avid backpack­ teen-age unemployment is year-round. It has The number of backpackers has been er, began in 1970 to develop an east­ been 38 per cent or more during these winter growing at a phenomenal rate and by west route in the State of Washington, months. the late 1960's literally millions of light­ soon expanding this idea into a pro­ Public service employment? Yes, but the weight packs had been sold. It has be­ posal for a new national scenic trail number of jobs to be provided by the cur­ come apparent that backpacking is no across the entire region. Other hikers rent public service employment program is and conservationists have been enthusi­ so small that it will not have an appreciable short-lived fad but a resurgence of both effect even on the adult unemployment rate. the traditional American love for the astic about his plan and articles have Faced with a choice, employers will (as they outdoors and of "lighting out for the appeared in outdoor magazines. Regional must) choose adults-not teen-agers. frontier." Today, backpacking is widely and national support for the trail has Many suggest training. But during all the recognized as one of the least expensive, begun to grow. training and placement activities of the '60s most democratic, and most satisfying Toward the end of the 93d Congress I the black teen-age unemployment rate was forms of recreation. Unfortunately, this introduced the Pacific Northwest Trail 25 per cent or better. This is not to say that bill in the House. Senators JACKSON and we do not need these programs. We need a new popularity has often led to over­ more intensified and a more sophisticated crowding of campsites and trails. This MAGNUSON introduced an ider1tical bill effort than those of the 1960s. is why action must be taken now to ease in the Senate. Unfortunately, there was Naive as it may seem, I believe that com­ the strain on our overburdened National not enough time for hearings during the mitment (money and policy) is what it is Trails System. remainder of the session. all about. The fact is that in our economy The National Trails System Act of 1968 The 94th Congress should act to add neither the priva.te nor the public sector has made the already well-known Appa­ the Pacific Northwest Trail to the list any commitment to full employment. The lachian Trail and the Pacific Crest Trail of "study trails" under the National private seC/tor's commitment is to higher profits. Th1s is frequently attained merely by into the first national scenic trails. These Trails System Act. Because H.R. 2153 increasing prices. Sometimes it is attained by two footpaths follow the crests of the is a study bill, little money need be ap­ firing or furloughing workers which only in­ Appalachians in the East ·and of the propriated initially and because most creases the unemployment rate. Cascades and Sierras in the West. H.R. of the trail route crosses Federal lands, It is true that full employment is a ·nebu­ 2153 would add the proposed Pacific the eventual cost will be slight. Hope­ lous concept. But it does change priorities. Northwest Trail to the list of "study fully, Northwest outdoorsmen will con­ It directs and mobilizes the government to trails" in the 1968 act. tribute time and effort to trail planning find jobs. Furthermore, when the economy Unlike the Appalachian or the Pacific and maintenance on the model of the is fully employed blacks, women, teen-agers and unskilled workers do relatively well. His­ Crest Trails, the Pacific Northwest Trail thousands of Appalachian Trail volun­ torically, their wages rise faster than those is an east-west route. Stretching more teers. In an era of large-scale Govern­ of very skilled workers. They do well because than 1,000 miles from the presently­ ment planning, trail projects such as employers, faced with a pressing need to in- planned Continental Divide Trail to the this are still the province of citizen ini- March 12, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6423 tiative. Just as sophisticated skills and to each Member of the House of Repre­ There are other unique reasons, but equipment are not necessary to enjoy sentatives to alert them to the problems not so unique is the public conviction the trail, this legislation is also simple that will be generated for hundreds of that no one in Washington should tell and direct. It would create the possi­ thousands of people in this country in the the local authorities that they must bility of a new dream-come-true for mil­ very near future if Congress fails to enact certain laws, or suffer a cutoff of lions of hikers-the Pacific Northwest amend the Flood Disaster Protection Federal funds. The resentment created National Scenic Trail. Act of 1973. has, in my opinion, delayed participation The following article by Mr. Strickland Some 14,000 communities have been even in some areas where it is feasible appeared in Backpacker magazine and designated by HUD as flood prone. As of and advantageous. I submit it to my colleagues' attention: December 31, 8,500 of them had not Some communities have entered the YOUR SUPPORT Is NEEDED FOR THE PACIFIC elected to enter the flood insurance pro­ program under extreme duress. Marietta, NORTHWEST SCENIC TRAIL gram. Under the 1973 law those com­ Ohio, is a perfect example. Nearly all (By Ronald Gibson Strickland) munities that do not enter the insurance o.f downtown Marietta, the oldest city I proposed that Congress create a Pacific program by a specific deadline will have in Ohio, is in the Ohio River flood plain. Northwest National Scenic Trail from the sancti.ons imposed on them. That dead­ Recently, the Marietta City Council met Continental Divide to the Pacific Ocean. This line is July 1, 1975, or 1 year after formal to consider enacting the local ordinances trail would join the Appalachian and the notification by HUD, whichever is later. Pacific Crest Trails in the National Trail required to enter the flood insurance System. Here are some of the problems that program. All seven city councilmen No other region of our country is so well will be created for the nonparticipating strongly objected but were caught in a endowed as the Pacific Northwest with mag­ communities: bind. If they did not approve the ordi­ nificent hiking country suitable for a new No Federal assistance can be obtained nances, their constituents would suffer national trail. And perhaps nowhere else for "acquisition or constructi.on" in the the severe sanctions spelled out in the can hikers' pent-up demand for new trails flood plain. Flood Disaster Protection Act. be so well accommodated. Imagine taking a No commercial bank, savings and loan hike from the Continental Divide near fabu­ So, a "straw vote" was taken-literally. lous Boulder Pass in Glacier National Park association or credit union that is fed­ Four "long straws" and three "short across the Northwest's mountains, deserts erally regulated-that is, practically all straws" were prepared. Councilmen who and river valleys to Olympic National Park's financial institutions-can make a loan drew the long straws were required to Pacific Beach. From well above treeline to on property in the flood plain. vote for the ordinances. Those fortunate luxuriant forests, from one inland wilder­ Building and development in the flood enough to draw the three short straws ness area to another, to the most mysterious plain will practically cease. Property of all wildernesses-the sea-will someday voted "nay." values will decline, and the home build­ And that is how Marietta, Ohio, came stretch a dream trail, a passionate walker's ing market will be severely impacted. We trail. into the flood insurance program by a It will be as much as possible a wilderness already have problems with the avail­ 4-to-3 straw vote. trail with relatively difficult access, relatively ability of home mortgage money. This To set forth the impact of the sanc­ few signs and shelters, and relatively great law, when fully applicable, will exacer­ tions involved in this law, let me cite a attention given in planning to its walkers' bate those problems. few examples: potential wilderness experience. The "flood plain," by definition, is that First, a private property owner wishes It will be a trail of superb backpacking­ a.rea of a community that has a prob­ not pale, bland, crowded trail slumming­ to sell his residence. The residence is ability of being flooded once every 100 located in the flood plain as designated but adventurous frontier walking. Today years. This criterion includes thousands there is a great obligation upon those who by HUD. The community-city or would ereate a new national scenic trail to of acres of land that is now being used county-in which it is located has not avoid the mistakes of the past. Overcrowd­ for useful purposes. Downtown Louis­ participated in the federally subsidized ing, poor design and location, deterioration ville, Ky., a sizable portion of Wheeling, insurance program. The result is that the of wilderness values and rampant vandalism W. Va., portions of New York City, and purchaser must pay cash for the prop­ can all be minimized if enough thought, parts of Alexandria, Va.-these are but erty or the seller must carry the loan dedication, and money are devoted to the a few examples. And, there are many Pacific Northwest Trail. I strongly believe personally. Few sellers are in a position localities where private homes, industrial to do this and few buyers have cash. that creating a new trail to serve the geo­ facilities and commercial installations metrically growing numbers of backpackers Second, a community, as a part of its need not be a disservice to the country operate with complete confidence in the so-called flood plain. Often the only de­ flood plain management program, wants through which that trail passes. to build a park or recreation area along In fact, in addition to its other values, the velopable land in some of these com­ creation of this trail would help to protect munities is flood prone under the terms a river. The Bureau of Outdoor Recrea­ many fine roadless areas that are now in of the law. tion ordinarily would partially fund the danger of development. The National Trails And now HUD advises that there can project. But under the new law, BOR Act of 1968 provides some direct protection be no personal loans, secured by the bor­ could not do this, because the community scenic trail. Even more helpful would be rower's reputation, ability to pay, and is not in.the flood insurance program. for every footpath designated as a national be used to repair or repaint a house in The Federal Insurance Administration the incentive the Pacific Northwest Trail has resisted and continues to resist con­ would provide for federal administrators to the flood plain even though the loan is emphasize wilderness values in their man­ not secured by a lien on the prop·erty. structive proposals for making the Flood agement of land on either side of the trail, There are many diverse reasons why Disaster Protection Act more realistic as well. all affected communities do not enter and fair. It labels the difficulties as being Since mo'St of the Washington portion of the program. Not the least of these is "imagined" problems. the trail would be on existing paths and the fact that participation requires the I suggest that my colleagues ask the tracks, you can already hide it. You may City Council of Marietta, Ohio, how even discover a better route than mine. enactment of stringent zoning laws and building codes which would have a "imaginary" these problems are. Or ask Backpackers must assume the burden of local officials in the more than 8,500 com­ leadership in creating America's National severe economic impact on some com­ Trails System. munities and to which there is strong munities facing the sanctions what local resistance. "imaginary" problems are preventing One problem is that flood insurance them from participating in the program. would become mandatory upon refinanc­ Mr. Speaker, more than 68 of our col­ FLOOD DISASTER PROTECTION ACT ing or sale of an existing property in a leagues know that the sanctions spelled OF 1973 participating community. Another prob­ . out in the present law are coercive and lem is that some communities do not unrealistic and that the resultant prob­ have and cannot afford the administra­ lems faced by their constituents are not HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN tive machinery to enforce and operate imagined. They have joined me in OF WEST VIRGINIA the required ordinances. sponsoring legislation to rescind the un­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES In other areas, the appropriate juris­ duly harsh sanctions in the Flood Dis­ aster Protection Act of 1973. Wednesday, March 12, 1975 diction does not, under State law, have the authority to enact land use laws or This measure has been referred to the Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, during building codes. In others, such laws Subcommittee on Housing and Commu­ the past two weeks, I have sent letters would be subject to a public referendum. nity Development of the House Commit- 6424 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 12, 1975 tee on Banking and Currency. In view of tion of many local farmers. It is very 1m­ his clothes and ran out, but by then, of the very real threat the present law poses portant for the country to increase its food course, the thief had fled. production-especially protein-since there Matthias is one of 230 Peace Corps volun­ for thousands of communities and mil­ have already been food shortages. With the teers serving in Ecuador in agricultural, lions of American citizens, we believe this population growing at the rate it has, these health, education and special placement pro­ legislation merits prompt consideration certainly will get worse," Matthias said. grainS. Around the world about 7,900 Peace by the Subcommittee on Housing and He is the son of Arland and Irene Mat­ Corps volunteers and trainees are serving Community Development. thias of 1303 Ahrens St., Manitowoc. He was in 68 developing countries. a 4-H member and president and a member of the Catholic Youth Organization, Farm Bureau Youth and Future Farmers of Amer­ ica. He was selected as the outstanding WISCONSIN PEACE CORPS VOLUN­ youth by the Manitowoc County Farm Bu­ SENSATIONALISM AND THE PRESS TEER SERVES IN ECUADOR reau and the chapter star farmer by the Future Farmers of America. HON. PHILIP M. CRANE In July, 1973, he joined the Peace Corps' HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER agricultural program in Ecuador. Now he OF ILLINOIS OF WISCONSIN spends most of his time traveling in rural IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES areas, talking to farmers about their prob­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 lems and explaining new animal health pro­ Wednesday, March 12, 1975 grainS and pasture management techniques. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, there has Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. He tells them about using better sanita­ been much discussion in recent years Speaker, the spirit of volunteerism is tion methods, managing their money and about the alleged bias of large portions pastures effectively, improving the general th~ In one of the richest resources we as a health of their animals, ridding cattle of of press. some instances, the er­ nation possess. It is the willingness to disease and parasites and cutting down the I'ors have been corrected. In others, they give of ourselves and of our time for calf mortality rate, which runs about 50 per have not. something we believe in that has made cent. It is especially heartening wht!n mem­ us a great nation. After the farms have been improved to a bers of the press themselves express con­ One of the special qualities of the specific st andard, the farmers are then eli­ cern over the process of misinforming United States and its citizens is the con­ gible to buy pure-bred Brahman bull calves which some of their colleagues unfortu­ cern for those in other nations and the from Rancho Ronald for 6,000 sucres, or nately participate in doing. about $240. desire to extend a helping hand to those The Peace Corps ranch was st arted seven It may be the case that what distor­ in need. The Peace Corps has been the years ago with 94 animals donated by the tions do occur, in many instances, take exemplification of the commitment to Heifer Project International of Little Rock, place not because of a particular bias on the welfare of others. Ark. Today there is a breeding herd of 240 the part of the reporter himself but, A young Peace Corps volunteer from pure-bred Brahman cattle. quite to the contrary, is simply a way in my district, Daniel L. Matthias, of Mani­ Local stock has been much improved by which to create a sensational story and, the addition of the Brahman, but experi­ as a result, capture the attention of po­ towoc, has recently received attention for mental work on health problems remains a his efforts on behalf of farmers in Ecua­ primary function of the cattle program at tential readers. dor. A release from the ACTION agency Rancho Ronald. The object of the experi­ Thus, good news is boring, and as has spoken of his agricultural extension mentation is to keep the animals healthy the old adage holds, it is news when a work, which has helped Ecuadorian by using methods the small farmers can af­ man bites a dog, but not the other way farmers to improve the condition of their ford. So far, the emphasis has been on sani­ around. It is the unusual and bizarre farms. tation programs, inexpensive methods of which is sought and one result· is that Because of the importance of his ef­ treating animals for parasites and vaccina­ the public's understanding of reality is tions against black leg, brucellosis and foot­ often altered to suit the purposes of forts, he merits the recognition accorded and-mouth disease. him: A second function of the Peace Corps those who veiw the news as a commodity WISCONSIN PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER SERVES heifer project is to determine the best forinS to sell, not as facts to report. 'IN ECUADOR of pasture management for Ecuador's rain In a thoughtful article concerning Peace Corps volunteer Daniel L. Matthias forests. In that tropical climate, grass grows "The Sensational Lead," Charles B. Seib, of Manitowoc, Wis. thinks that when you've about 2Y:z feet every month and quickly associate editor of The Washington Post, got a better idea, it's good to pass it around­ becomes low in nutrients and too stalky for notes that: even when it means traveling through miles the animals to eat. But if pastures are ro­ The wire service approach has had an im­ of rain forest to get your point across. tated every four to five days so cattle can portant influence on the electronic media As a result, his volunteer agricultural ex­ feed on new grass, the animals can be kept . . . Local television news shows now provide tension work in Ecuador has enabled many in good health on grass alone. This is espe­ the most graphic evidence of the excesses of local farmers to purchase pure-bred Brahman cially important to small Ecuadorean farm­ head-on competition to sell essentially the bulls for breeding and to greatly !~prove the ers because feed is very expensive. same product. general condition of their farms. Once experiments are completed and ThSlavery was the major Issue in America, University of Washington is proud to Prosterman who has just concluded his and many Poles were quick to sympathize have Dr. Roy Prosterman, a leading eighth advisory visit to the Philippines, with the anti-slavery movement. One of the land-reform expert and the closest for­ blamed "red tape that should have been· cut outstanding abolitionists was Ernestine eign adviser to the Philippine Govern­ months ago, and decisions of some key ad­ Potowski-Rose, one of the greatest platform ment on its land-reform program, on its ministrators who are very close to the land­ speakers of her day, and a woman suffragette. lords." . "Slavery," she once said, "means not to statf. In light of President Marcos' over­ whelming referendum victory, I think "In recent weeks," Prosterman added, "the belong to yourself. This ls the great abomina­ government has promised a speedup in land tion of slavery; that it deprives a man of his that my colleagues will find Professor valuation and payment. That's fine if it hap­ common rights of humanity." Prosterman's ·comments interesting as pens. The Filipinos are, of course, totally Another major issue was that of women's they were reported in a recent a-rticle free to lie down on any program they want. right 1n medicine. Here, Dr. Maria Elizabeth in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer: But I don't think they should enjoy a good Zakrzewska fought for the right of women [From the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Mar. 3, press in the U.S. on asserted progress when to become doctors and to have women doc­ 1975] 1n fact they have achieved so little." tors. She established several hospitals for Prosterman said he was speaking to the women and children and trained a number LAND-REFORM EXPERT ASSAILS MARCOS DELAY (By Jack Doughty) .kinds of facts which were not revealed by of women doctors, including the first Negro Americans "working with Diem on his make­ woman physician in the United states. America's leading land-reform expert, and believe land reform program in Vietnam 1n "To some, America was a. dream, where closest foreign adviser to the Philippine gov­ the late 1950s." the oppressed in Poland might find refuge." ernment on its land-reform program, yester­ At the same time, Prosterman believes Such a dreamer was Father Leopold Moczy­ day strongly criticized the progress of that Phllippine land reform can be achieved to gemba, a Polish priest who dreamt of estab­ nat-ion's program. the same degree as "Japan's, Taiwan's and lishing a New Poland 1n America. He thought "After more than two years, land reform South Korea's--if there is political will at he found his promised land in Texas, and is less than one per cent complete," Professor the top." he called it Panna Maria. He sent to Poland Roy Prosterman, University of Washington, Rice production in those three countries, for 100 families to join him. said. which have gone through successful land re­ After nine weeks at sea, the families arrived "If President Marcos does not speed up the form, is two to three times as great per acre a.t Galveston, Texas, at the height of a. yellow program--and it takes the man a.t the top as in the Philippines. fever epidemic. They set out for Panna Marla to do that kind of ·thing-the Philippines "Ownership of the land" Prosterman em­ immediately. A grueling trip that took the may endure a cyclone of revolution in the phasized, "coupled with good government lives of many children and caused others to future." support, motivates the individual to that .turn ba.ek. Prosterma.n, an adviser to the Phutpp1nes degree." ~~----406--Part5 6428 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Mat·ch 12, 1975 "The Philippines can definitely muster the dividual is retired. Hence millionaires According to the Daily Worker article administrative talent and call up the finan­ with no "earned" income under the law cial resources to do the job, 1f that's really lo.f November 10, 1937, which Joseph what President Marcos wants." are allowed to receive their social secu­ North dispatched from Valencia, Spain, The U.S. should help with foreign assist­ rity benefits even though they may own Steve Nelson joined the Communist ance resources 1f the program commences to oil wells, buildings, and have income Party "on the first anniversary of Lenin's move, Prosterman said. from investments, savings, insurance and death"-1925-"at the memorial in Phil­ "At the same time we should make it property. However, the low salaried adelphia." It appears that Mr. Nelson totally clear that the ball is in Marcos' court. worker who puts in 20 or 30 years on the perjw·ed himself when he was natural­ If he fiubs it, the Phllippines may well be­ job and has only social security benefits come Asia's next tragedy. But it will not ized in 1928. become America's." to look forward to at retirement fre­ In 1931, using a falsified passport, Nel­ quently finds that with today's in:flation son went to the Soviet Union where he he must work to make ends meet. Un­ attended the Lenin School in Moscow fortunately, when he does work he loses and was instructed for some 2 years in SOCIAL ·SECURITY EARNINGS LIM­ his social security check either totally or Communist organizing techniques, espio­ ITATION IS AN ANACHRONISM in part depending on how much he nage, and s'abotage. As a Comintern earns. agent, Nelson work•ed in Shanghai, My point is that if social security China, before returning to the United HON. J. HERBERT BURKE checks are a right of millionaires, they States. While attending the Lenin OF FLORIDA should also be a right of poor people and School, Nelson was se·en frequently in IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES all this nonsense about earned income contact with members of the Soviet se­ should be stopped. cret police, the OGPU. Wednesday, March 12, 1975 The working man is the backbone of By 1934, Nelson was contributing arti­ Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, our Nation and to rob him of benefits he cles to the Party Organizer, official pub­ today, I introduced legislation to amend deserves because he has the initiative to lication of the central committee of the title II of the Social Secwity Act to per­ go out and do something to help himself Communist Party, U.S.A. During the mit an individual receiving benefits is bad policy. Our Nation has thrived be­ Spanish Civil War, Nelson held the rank thereunder to earn outside income with­ cause of this American tradition of being of lieutenant colonel in the International out losing any of such benefits. I first self-sufficient since the earliest days of Brigade of the Loyalist Army, organized introduced this legislation in the 90th our history. We should not wait any under the direction of the Soviet Union, Congress on April 6, 1967: Since then I longer to correct the situation, but we and played a leading role in the Ameri­ have reintroduced my bill in the 91st, should act in this 94th Congress to re­ can League for Peace and Democracy 92d, and 93d Congresses. move the earnings limitation from social and the Veterans of the Abraham Lin­ In 1935 the thinking behind the earn­ security beneficiaries. coln Brigade, both operations of the ings limitation may have had some va­ CPUSA. lidity, but, in 1975 it is completely out­ For many years a member of the dated and harmful to society, particu­ CPUSA national committee, Steve Nel­ larly since people over 65 now constitute STEVE NELSON: 50 YEARS SERVICE son in the early 1940's headed a Soviet more than 20 percent of the population. TO THE SOVIETS espionage ring which penetrated t:he The 1935 legislators were not prepared l'adiation laboratory at the University of for the world we have today, and hence HON. LARRY McDONALD California at Berkeley to obtain U.S. nu­ they made a mistake. It is time to cor­ OJ' GEOBGIA clear secrets. He was observed by Federal rect this mistake and stop the hardship agents meeting with Soviet Embassy and it causes many older Americans who need IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES consular officials and handing over docu­ to work in order to live. Social security Wednesday, March 12, 1975 ments to them. · was intended to provide an income :floor Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Nelson was a leading o1·ganizer of the for workers when they retired, however, Speaker, on February 12, 1975, an a1·ticle underground Communist Party appara­ because of the earnings limitation the entitled "Lincoln Brigade Recalled" by tus. A former high-ranking Communist most needy in our society face a choice Steve Nelson, identified only as "national Party official testified that Nelson at age 64 of continuing to work and los­ commander of the Veterans of the claimed to have 70 saboteurs planted ing social security benefits, or of retiring Abraham Lincoln Brigade," appeared on under his direction in the Westinghouse and living on social security alone. the op-ed page of the New York Times. plants in Tw'tle Creek Valley near Pitts­ Social security benefits have tradi­ The article denounces anticommu­ burgh, Pa., in 1948, "in preparation to tionally been payable as a matter of l'ight nism and calls for removal of all U.S. military invasion of the United States." and are not based on need as in the case military forces from our Spanish bases As a director of Communist Party se­ of welfare benefits. But we have a situ­ when the original 25-year agreement curity, Nelson was responsible for strat­ ation where fortunate people who have expires in August because the bases are a egy against investigation by the FBI and thrived receive social security benefits "deterrent" in the path of "new forces" House Committee on On-American Ac­ while poor people who. ha:ve not been able in Spain which "have gathered to put tivities. And as director of industrial to accumulate wealth do not receive so­ an end to General Franco's rule." espionage~ he told his comrades at one cial security benefits. On Feb ·uary 20, 1975, Nelson's article closed door meeting: An individual during his working years was inserted as an Extension of Remarks Comrades, we have to get all the help in makes contributions to social security into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, again the way of equipment, machinery, tools, and that are related to his earnings. Upon supplies from the suckers in the United without fw·ther identification of Nelson, States for our new Communist government retirement, death, or disability, the in­ by Mrs. Aszua who is either unconcerned in China because this wlll hasten the day of dividual or his surviving wife and chil­ or unaware of his activities as a Soviet revolution in the United States. dren receive benefits that are again re­ agent. lated to his earnings dw·ing his working As established by the former House I would point out that on February 22, years. This wage relationship to both the Committee on On-American Activities 1975, the New York Times published this taxes imposed and the benefits provided and the Senate Internal Security Sub­ short letter to the editor which set out gives the social security p1·ogram its fn.; committee in sworn testimony and docu­ accurately the Communist origins of the surance character which enables the sys­ mented evidence, Steve Nelson was born Abraham Lincoln Brigade: tem to pay benefits as a matter of right Steve Mesarosh on January 1, 1903, in LINCOLN BRIGADE MEMORIES rather than based on need as in the case Chaglich, Yugoslavia. Nelson, his mother, To the Enrroa: of welfare. and two sisters entered the United States Steve Nelson's Feb. 12 Op-Ed article on However, under the existing law all illegally in 1920 using false identification the Lincoln Brigade was interesting. How­ people age 64 who have paid social secu­ papers. ever, more interesting were the omissions. rity taxes since the law was passed 35 Subsequently in 1922, upon the recom­ Mr. Nelson says nothing, tor instance, a.bo~t how Lincoln Brigade members were years ago do not .receive benefits. · mendation of Immigration and Natural­ recruited. The majority, ft not all of them, The earnings limitation is essentially ization Service officials, the Mesarosh were recruited by members of the American a measure of the extent to which an in- family entry was regularized. Communist party and/or the Young Com- March 13, 1975' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ SENATE

munist League. I can remembe1· being at [From the Wall Street Jo\ll'nal, Mar. 5, !975] administration, a Democratic Congress, busi~ parties in 1936 when young Y.C.L. girls told THE HOUSE TAX CuT ness and Labor--and especially labor-be­ me how heroic they would think me if I lieve that an incr'ease in the Investment tax · joined the Brigade "to fight for Spain and its Although the House has improved some­ credit to 10 % !rom 7% will do this economy republican Government." I am not implying what on President Ford's proposal for im­ any good. It's clear why liberals go along With th at all Brigade members were Communists; mediate tax-cut stimulation for the economy, it: Because President Kennedy first proposed t hey were idealistic young men who thought the Senate has a lot more work to do on it it as an alternative to a single cut in the they were striking a blow againslt fascism. before anyone can pretend that it is barely corporate tax rate, the ITC is an acceptable But Mr. Nelson doesn't talk about their adequate for the job. The House bill carries a bone to throw to business. But there's never loss of idealism once they got to Spain and price tag of $21.3 billion, which is not small been any evidence that it acts as a positive found thelllSelves under the command of change. But for that price, the economy will stimulus to production; it's merely a subsidy Soviet party functionaries. He talks about only get about $10 billion worth of stimula­ to capital accumulation. the Brigad~ ' s opposition to Hitler and Mus­ tion. The AFL-CIO should be aghast at the im­ solin!. He doesn't say anything, though, The only certain stimulants in the package plications of a further hike in the invest­ about the Brigade's isolationist policy during are on the 1975 cuts on lower and middle ment tax credit; instead, it is actually sup­ those months of World War II when Hitler incomes, costing an estimated $8.1 billion, porting the idea. Here we have an economy and Stalin were pact buddies. Only after and the doubling, to $50,000, the amount of with more than 8 % of the work force un­ Hitler turned his armies toward the Soviet income on which a business pays the lower employed, a figure that no doubt will rise, Union did the Brigade follow the party line 22 % corporate tax rate, costing Treasury and unemployed fixed capital probably in and urge all-out support to Britain and $1.2 billion. The cut in individual taxes the range of 20 %, and everyone thinks it Russia. would be more beneficial to the economy if would be dandy to give business an incen­ PHILIP WASSERMAN, it were applied across the board; a reduction tive to buy new machines instead of using Rockvil'te Centre, N.Y., Feb.12, 1975. in taxes in the lower incomes implies a old machines and unemployed workers. higher relative tax on the upper incomes, Again, if the scheme goes through, Treasury which can only mean a disincentive to the will have to go out and sell $3.9 billion in higher incomes to produce. Still, the net ef­ bonds over the next two years. It then uses fect is clearly stimulative to supply and the proceeds to efi'ect1vely pay the business THE TAX CUT de1nand. community so that it distorts its decision- . But that's all there is. The House knocked making away from eXisting capital and labor. $4 billion oil' the Ford plan to hand out $12 in favor of new plant and equipment. . HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN billion in rebates on 1974 incomes, but given What it all comes down to is that $21.3 · OF MARYLAND the same monetary policy, the remaining $8.1 billion in tax cuts would give the economy · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES billion is no stimulant to production. Treas­ a decent stimulative boost, but not the way ury has to sell $8.1 billion in bonds-$8.1 the House has arranged matters. If all the Wednesday, March 12, 1975 billion that would otherwise be going into individual tax reductions had been applied Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, the Wall consumption or investment-in order to give to 1975 incomes, across the board, and if all Street Journal of March 5, carried -a $8.1 billion to last year's workers, so that the "benefits" to business had come in the thoughtful article concerning the tax they can put it into consumption or invest­ form of reduced corporate tax rates, the cut legislation which we hustled ment. Because future taxes have to be raised package would clearly be cost efi'ective. to pay the interest on the Treasury bonds, The Senate now has a chance to straighten through the House recently. It p.oints out which the market of course takes into ac­ things out a bit. But the only advab.ce sign that at a cost of $21.3 billion in lost reve­ count, the whole ·exercise does more harm from Chairman Russell Long of the Senate; nues and increased deficits, the economy than good. Finance Committee is that the Senate ver­ is likely to receive a maximum of $10 It is especially discouraging that such sion will carry a higher price tag. Says Sen. billion worth of stimulation. I would con­ awful economics could win the support of Long: "I think it's fine for the House to tend that even this so-called boost will both a Republican administration and a spread some joy, but they've got to under- . Democratic Congress. The only thing that stand we want to spread some, too." But if be wiped out by the infiation which is cer­ · it has to ofi'er over the idea of paying people the Senate merely hands out more goodies1 tain to follow these massive deficits. to dig holes and then fill them up is that with no more careful thought to how much As one who declined to go along with the bureaucratic cost of supervision is saved. bang they're going to get for each buck than the tax cut legislation I commend this Otherwise, the economic efi'ect is· exactly the the House has given. there's going to be a lot article to the thoughtful consideration of same. less joy in these tax cuts than the politicians · my ~olleagues: Nor do we understand why a Republican are pretending.

SENATE--Thursday, March 13, 1975 (Legislative day of Wednesday, March 12, 1975) The Senate met at 11 a.m., on the ex­ APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ the proceedings of Wednesday, March 12·, · piration of the recess, and was called to DENT PRO TEMPORE 1975, be approved. ... order by Hon. WALTER D. HUDDLESTON, a. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem.:. ' Senator from the· State of Kentucky. will please read a communication to the pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. Senate from the President pro tempore PRAYER (Mr. EASTLAND). COMMITI'EE MEETINGS DURING The assistant legislative clerk read the SENATE SESSION The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward following letter: L . R. Elson, D.D., offered the following U.S. SENATE, Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask prayer: PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, unanimous consent that all committeeS· 0 God, our Creator and Ruler, who Washington, D.C., March 13, 1975. may be authorized to meet during the hast given us the gift of life, bless us To the Senate: session of the Senate today. Being temporarily absent from the Senate this day as· we go to the work which lies on official duties, I appoint Hon. WALTER D. Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, resei·v­ before us. HUDDLESTON, a Senator from the State of ing the l'ight to objec;t. at the request We thank Thee for work, and for Kentucky, to perform the duties of the Chair of another Senator; I do object. · health to do it. Help. us to think clearly during my absence. . The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ and act wisely for the common good. JAMES 0. EASTLAND, pore. Objection is heard. Spare us from impatience, from the President pro tempore. quick temper, from focusing on faultS, and from tongues tuned to criticism .. Mr.. HUDDLESTON thereupon took CONSIDERATION OF CERTAIN ITEMS the chair as Acting President pro ON THE CALENDAR Keep us steadfast in the things that tempore. matter. But deliver us from mistaking Mr. MANSFIELri. Mr. President, i ask. our will for Thy will. Grant us in all ow• unanimous consen,t that the Senate pro­ THE JOl]RNAL labors something of the grace, wisdom, ceed to the consideration of Calendar an4 beauty of the 'Master, in . who~· name .. ·Mi· . .MANS.F~. M~. President, l ask No. 25, Sen~te .Re~lution ~3. ~. .c;~- = wtfpray:·Anieri. · · ·· · .. · · .. ·· ·· unanimous conserit that the Journal of endar No. 30, Senate Resolution ol. .