Unusual Meats
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UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION COLUMBIA, MISSOURI CJRCULAR 162 AUGUST, 1927 Unusual Meats fig. I.- Spanish K idn ey. T he internal organs of the animal, su h as t he li ve r, heart, etc., are much ri cher in vitamins than the more used muscul ar ti s Li es. Bec ause of this high vitamin content these parts should be much more ge nerall y used for food. GENERAL PREPARATION Brains.- Brains (rom the beef, calf, lamb, mutton r pig may be used. They are all very t ender. They will not keep any length of time unless parboil ed . Soak first to remove t he bl ood, and then parboil in salted, acidula ted wa ter to make more firm and less peri shable. AFter the parboiling, they should again be soaked in colel water. Sweetbreads.- The sweetbreads used For cooking in this country) are the thymus glands of calves and are know n as veal sweetbreads. They are in two parts and consequently are bought in pairs. The round part is the heart sweetbread, and the other the throat sweetbread. Sweet breads spoil quickl y, and so should be put in cold water as soon as they 2 l\l lss(wl{1 ; \CI{ I Cl' LTl 'IC\L 1 ~:\ r' ER I ~rEl\T :-;TATIIJl\ CrRcll LAR 162 are receiv ed, AFte r sta nding in water one hour, th e~' shoul d Ile cooked in saltell vinegar water, After cooking, they shoul d he plunged in cold , . • ; , •• 1, " rig. 2.- Bcd T ongue, B rail1 s nil" [.;,i(\l1 c),s. water to whiten a nd to keep firm, Sweetbreads are always parhoil ed in this manner beFore usi ng in a ny way, Fig. 3.- H eart and Sweetbread o f Beef. Liver.- Bee F, calF, lamb a nd pig li vers are used. CalF li ver is general ly considered superior to the others. If li ver is to be baked or otherwise used in a large piece, it should be soaked long enough to remove the clotted blood. T he heavy membrane covering it should also be removed. UNUSUAL MEATS 3 Heart.- Calf, lam !J and pig hearts are more tender than those from the beef and mu tton. Calf hear t is considered !Jest by most people. H eart needs washing in plenty o f water to remove the clotted blood. F ig. 4.- Pork I-Jeart a nd K id neys (sma ll ), TI ed I lca rt an d I ( i d n ey~ ( la rge) . Some of the vein s ancl arte ri es may also be ut out to make it less tough. Heart needs long slow cooking in moist heat in ord er to make it tender. F ig. S.-Liver, K idn eys, Heart and Brain of M utton. Tongue.- Calf or bee f tongues are mos t desirable because of size Lamb and pig tongues are good, bu t small. Cal f tongu e will cook in less time than beef. T he tongues should be well scmbbed before cooking; the heavy skin and roots s h o~ l d be removed after cooking. 4 '\ll ~~ ()U l n AGRrCULTlIH.\I , I ~x 1' ''R I i\[ ''N T S T ATlON C I RCULAR 162 Kidneys.- Lam b, pig, or calf kidneys are good . The kidneys sho ul d he cu t to remo ve the white tubes :lnd fat, ane! then soakecl in cold water fo r one-half hour before cooking. P igs' Feet, Backbone and Spareribs.- In :lddition to th e in ternal organs, this list of unusual meats ha s heen made to in clu de pi gs' tee r, hack hone, and spareribs. SOME TESTED RECIPES Brains and Scrambled Eggs I hrain Pe ppe r -I eggs Onion -l t: lhkspoon flii s milk I tablespoon hlltter or " IcC) Sail Parsley Soak rhe brains one hour in cold water a nd parhoil twenty minu tes in a quart o( water, to whi ch one teaspoonful of salt a nd one tablespoon ful of vin egar hav been added. oak agai n in cold water. This process whitens them and makes them firm er. It also prevents their spoiling_ Fig . 6.- Brain O yste rs. Drain and separate in small pieces. To the slightl y- beaten eggs, add four tables poonfuls of milk, salt, pepper, a little grated onion a nd the brains. Cook slowly in a small amount of butter. Serve with finely chopped parsle~ ' . Brains a la King l brain l green peppcl' I CLIp milk Pimie nto 2 tablespoonfuls fl oUl' Onio n 2 tablespoonfuls burrel' Salt J1 cup d iced cele ry Pe pper' UNU~l ' i\ L ~1" .\ T ~ 5 After parboilin g th e brains, as in th e preceding rec ipe, se parate into small pieces. Make a white sauce by melti ng the hu tter, sti rring in the fl ou r, addi ng th e Jiquid and hringin g to th e boiling poi nt. Seasoll with chopped green pepper, chopped pimiento, di ced celery and gra ted onio n. Stir in the brains and heM. Brain Oysters 1 hrain Sa lt 2 eggs Bread cr,""I>, I ra hl cspo() nf,d mi lk Parsley Aiter th e hrain hil S been parhoil ed, se parate into pi eces alH)lIr th e size () f Jarge oysters. Dip in sli g htly-heatcn cgg, to whi cll one ta hl e spoo nful of milk hil S bee n added, and th en ro ll in seaso ned crlllllhs, again in egg and again in th e crumbs. I' ry in deep fat at 175 degrees Ce nti grad e or 347 degrees Fahrenh eit ull ti l ;t gold en brow n. Serve hot, gar ni shed with sli ces of harel -cooked egg and parsley. Sweetbreads Newburg Sua k a pol i I' of SII eethreild s one hour ill cold wa tel' and pn rhoi I twe n t y minutes in snlted vin egar wa ter, using one teaspoonful snit, (J ne 1;1hlc spoo nful vi negar and one ha y leaf to a quart of water. Soak again in co ld Fig. 7.-Swectbrea ds Newburg. wa ter. T h is process whi tens and makes them Ii rm er. Cookin g preven ts their spoil i ng, as un cooked sweetbreads wi ll not keep. Drain and separate inro the small sections, removin g any tough pi eces of membra ne. SAUCE 3 tablespoonfuls Rour )IS teaspoonful pepper 2 tablespoo nfuls fat 2 eggs (beaten se para tely) 1 cup milk J CLIp double cream y,{ teaspoo nful salt. Make a white sauce by melting the fat, stirring in fl our and season in g, adding the liquid and bringing to the boiling point. Pour t hi s into 6 l\ IJ ::;SOURI ACfn CU LT U RAL EX I'El' I ~ I E N T STATT() N l J llCU L AR 1()::2 the bea ten egg yolks, add t he cream and reheat over hot water. Whip in the stiffl y-beaten egg whites, fold in t he cooked sweetbreads and s I"\ 'e a t once. Half of the sweetbreads may be suhstituted hy di ced hreast ot chi cken. Baked Liver :2 po und s li ver (in o nc pi ecc) I med iul11 o ni o n, sliced ;4 te'l spoonful salt + ~ tr i p s hacon Soak li" er in cold , salted water for thirty minutes, or un til t he bl ood is removed. Take off outsid e skin, or memhrane, if it is tough. P la ce l7jg. S.- B a ked L ive r. li ver in a co vered roasting pan. Salt a nd cover with slices of oni on anci strips of hacon. Cover and bake in a moderate oven (:12 5 degrees to 375 degrees Fahrenheit) until the li ver is well done. All ow about thirt" minutes per pound for baking. Baked Liver with Gooseberries 2 pounds li ver (in o ne pi ece) Y4 te aspoonful salt I ta bl espoonful butte r I -y,' cupfuls can ned 2 hay leaves goose berries I) cl oves J sli ces le mo n Soak li ver in cold, salted water for thirty minutes, or until the blood is remo\'ed . Take off outsid e ski n, or membrane w hich covers t he liv er, if it is tough. Place liv er in a baking dish, orapan with a cover. Add salt, bay lea"es and cl oves and dot o ver wit h butter. P our over all t he goose berries and pl ace t he slices of lemon on top. Bnkc in a moderate over (325 degrees to 375 degrees Fahrenheit) until t he liver is well done. For t hi s amoun t, t he cooking time will be about one hour, or t hi rty minutes per pound. Liver a la Madam Begue R emove membrane from li ver, if necessary, and cut into one to one a nd one-half in ch cubes. Marin ate for thirty min utes or longer in a well - UNUSUAL MICATS 7 seasoned French dressin g, using twi e as mu ch oi l ns vin egar. Fry in dee p (at at 175 degrees Centigrade (o r 3-+7 degrees Fahrenh eit) until we ll hrowned. Sen 'e pil ed on a plate and garnish with parsley and le mon.