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At the Forefront, Looking Ahead digitales archiv ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Book At the forefront, looking ahead Provided in Cooperation with: Open Access Documents This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/11159/2283 Kontakt/Contact ZBW – Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft/Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Düsternbrooker Weg 120 24105 Kiel (Germany) E-Mail: [email protected] https://www.zbw.eu/econis-archiv/ Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieses Dokument darf zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken This document may be saved and copied for your personal und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie and scholarly purposes. You are not to copy it for public or dürfen dieses Dokument nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle commercial purposes, to exhibit the document in public, to Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben perform, distribute or otherwise use the document in public. If oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern für das Dokument eine Open- the document is made available under a Creative Commons Content-Lizenz verwendet wurde, so gelten abweichend von diesen Licence you may exercise further usage rights as specified in Nutzungsbedingungen die in der Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. the licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ Leibniz-Informationszentrum Wirtschaft zbw Leibniz Information Centre for Economics Open access Amir Sasson (Ed.) Amir Sasson (Ed.) This book presents research-based answers to some of the uncertainties that ma- nagers, investors, employees and policymakers face. At the Forefront, On its 75th anniversary, BI Norwegian Business School is undoubtedly a research- based school at the forefront of global research. Its research groups contribute excellent, original research that is at the international forefront appearing in top international journals, while its graduates, more than those of any other school, Looking Ahead populate CEO positions. Being at the forefront requires that we look ahead, not merely celebrate past Research-Based Answers successes. This book does exactly that. It covers three themes: Ahead Looking the Forefront, At to Contemporary 1. The digital organization, including algorithm-based decision making and ma- nagement, digital labour, business models, corporate reputation and branding 2. The governance of corporations, with specific reference to state-owned and Uncertainties of Management family-owned firms and their auditing 3. Decision-making, incentives and innovation, covering issues such as employee motivation and creativity, environmental R&D, political decision-making and customer experience This book is also available open access at Idunn. ISBN printed edition (print on demand) 978-82-15-03140-8 At the Forefront, Looking Ahead Amir Sasson (Ed.) At the Forefront, Looking Ahead Research-Based Answers to Contemporary Uncertainties of Management Universitetsforlaget © Copyright 2018 Copyright of the collection and the preface is held by BI Norwegian Business School and Amir Sasson. Copyright of the individual chapters is held by the respective authors. This book was first published in 2018 by Universitetsforlaget. The material in this publication is covered by the Norwegian Copyright Act and published open access under a Creative Commons CC BY-ND 4.0 licence. This licence provides permission to copy or redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, including commercially. These freedoms are granted under the following terms: you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence and indicate if changes have been made to the material. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. If you remix, transform or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. You may not apply legal terms or techno- logical measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the licence permits. The licensor cannot revoke the freedoms granted by this licence as long as the licence terms are met. Note that the licence may not provide all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights, such as publicity, privacy or moral rights, may limit how you use the material. The full text of this licence is available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/legal- code. This book is published with the support of BI Norwegian Business School. ISBN printed edition (print on demand): 978-82-15-03140-8 ISBN electronic pdf-edition: 978-82-15-03158-3 DOI: 10.18261/978-82-15-03158-3-2018 Enquiries about this publication may be directed to: [email protected] www.universitetsforlaget.no Cover: BI/Universitetsforlaget Prepress: Laboremus Sandefjord AS AT THE FOREFRONT, LOOKING AHEAD | CONTENTS 5 Contents PREFACE . 11 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION . 12 Amir Sasson Exciting and uncertain times . 12 PART I . 21 The D-G-tal Organization CHAPTER 2 THE DATA-DRIVEN ORGANIZATION: INTELLIGENCE AT SCALE . 23 Espen Andersen John Chandler Johnson Vegard Kolbjørnsrud Ragnvald Sannes 2.1 Data, data everywhere . 24 2.2 Organizational intelligence at SCALE . 25 2.3 Human decision making with machine learning . 29 2.4 Implications . 35 2.5 Conclusion . 38 CHAPTER 3 MAKING THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION WORK . 43 Sut I Wong Christian Fieseler 3.1 Introduction . 43 3.2 The Origins and Challenges of the Digital Transformation from an Industrial Relations Perspective . 45 3.3 Future Research Agenda . 51 CHAPTER 4 BUILDING AND MANAGING REPUTATION: CURRENT DEBATES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS . 59 Peggy Simcic Brønn Alexander Buhmann 4.1 Introduction . 59 6 CONTENTS | AT THE FOREFRONT, LOOKING AHEAD 4.2 Defining Reputation . 60 4.3 Reputation: You’ve Got to Build It In . 65 4.4 A Reputation Research Agenda . 66 4.5 Conclusion . 70 CHAPTER 5 FUTURE OF BRANDING IN THE DIGITAL AGE . 73 Lars Erling Olsen 5.1 Introduction . 73 5.2 Three challenges for brands in the digital age . 75 5.3 Future of branding . 83 CHAPTER 6 VALUE CREATION, BUSINESS MODELS AND ORGANIZATION DESIGN IN A DIGITAL WORLD . 85 Øystein D. Fjeldstad Knut Haanæs 6.1 Business Models . 85 6.2 Organizing Digitally . 91 6.3 Conclusions . 93 PART II . 97 Contemporary Issues in Governance CHAPTER 7 THE UNDER-RESEARCHED FAMILY FIRM: NEW INSIGHTS FROM UNIQUE NORWEGIAN DATA . 99 Janis Berzins Øyvind Bøhren Bogdan Stacescu 7.1 Motivation and overview . 99 7.2 Why are family firms unique and under-researched? . 100 7.3 Data, groups, and macro-economic significance . 104 7.4 Corporate governance . 106 7.5 Corporate finance . 111 7.6 Summary and conclusion . 115 AT THE FOREFRONT, LOOKING AHEAD | CONTENTS 7 CHAPTER 8 LEGAL CHALLENGES OF STATE OWNERSHIP . 119 Tore Bråthen 8.1 The different roles of the State . 119 8.2 Legal consequences of exercising state ownership through public limited liability companies . 121 8.3 General comments on The State’s principles of corporate governance . 124 8.4 Potential liability in damages . 126 8.5 State governance through the appointment of board members . 128 8.6 State governance through “ownership dialogue” . 132 8.7 Conclusion . 133 CHAPTER 9 THE CAPITALIST STATE OR THE STATE AS PRIVATE OWNER . 134 Sverre August Christensen 9.1 Introduction . 134 9.2 State ownership in the post-war era . 138 9.3 The 1970s: Ambitious politics and overruns . 140 9.4 The 1980s: Liberalization and scandals . 143 9.5 The 1990s: Private downturn, state boom and corporate governance . 146 9.6 Conclusion . 152 CHAPTER 10 THE ECONOMICS OF AUDITOR REGULATION . 159 John Christian Langli Marleen Willekens 10.1 Introduction . 159 10.2 Economic theory of audit regulation . 161 10.3 Audit quality and contemporary hot issues in audit regulation . 164 10.4 Future research opportunities: ideas and challenges . 171 10.5 Conclusion . 173 PART III . 177 Deciding, incentivizing and innovating 8 CONTENTS | AT THE FOREFRONT, LOOKING AHEAD CHAPTER 11 FROM CREATIVITY TO INNOVATION: . 179 Four Leadership Lessons about Capitalizing on High-Potential Ideas Miha Škerlavaj 11.1 Introduction . 180 11.2 Leading High-Potential Creative Ideas to Innovation . 181 11.3 Practical Implications . 189 11.4 Future Directions . 191 CHAPTER 12 THE RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF EXTRINSIC AND INTRINSIC MOTIVATION 197 Bård Kuvaas 12.1 Introduction . 197 12.2 The relative efficiency of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation . 198 12.3 Antecedents to intrinsic motivation . 203 12.4 Practical implications . 208 CHAPTER 13 KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND THE TIMING OF ENVIRONMENTAL R&D SUBSIDIES . 214 Geir H.M. Bjertnæs Tom-Reiel Heggedal Karl Jacobsen 13.1 Introduction . 214 13.2 Model . 218 13.3 Numerical analysis . 222 13.4 Conclusion . 226 13.5 Appendix A: Parameter list . ..
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