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Mattis-Vaaland- ... Ie--HIS4090--H-St-2016.Pdf Viewing the World through an anti-Islamic lens. A comperative contemporary history of the ideology of Stopp Islamiseringen av Norge and the English Defence League online. 1999-2016. Mattis Christensen Oldeide Vaaland Høst 2016. Masteroppgave i Historie. Det Humanistiske fakultet. Institutt for arkeologi, konservering og historie. UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 10.11.2016 II Viewing the World through an anti-Islamic lens. A comperative contemporary history of the ideology of Stopp Islamiseringen av Norge and the English Defence League online. III © Mattis Christensen Oldeide Vaaland 2016 Viewing the World through an anti-Islamic lens. Mattis Christensen Oldeide Vaaland http://www.duo.uio.no/ IV Abstract. This thesis is on the English Defence League (EDL) and Stopp Islamiseringen av Norge (SIAN) ideology based on the content at their websites. Both groups had been fighting against what they perceive as an islamisation of Europe and their respective countries, England and Norway. Stopp Islamiseringen av Norge have a history which stretches back to Aksjonen Mot Bønnerop in 2000, and later involved into FOMI. In 2002 FOMI established a website which they used to spread their anti-Islamic ideology. FOMI later evolved into the contemporary organisation Stopp Islamiseringen av Norge which continued FOMI’s work with englightening the public about the real danger of Islam. EDL on the other hand is a much more recent phenomenon, established in 2009 as the continuation of the group United People of Luton, which was founded as a response in the early 2009 against a demonstration by the Islamist group Islam4UK against a parade of British soldiers returning form Afghanistan. The EDL established a website in the autumn of 2009. This thesis sets out to gain an understanding of how the ideology developed at the two groups websites and then compare the ideological development as well as the ideology to see if there are any similarities and/or differences. As the title of this thesis reflects, the movements ideology reflected on events in the world, where both groups understand themselves and their culture to be under a threat from Islam. Their reactions to events such as the Syrian refugee crisis reflected this premise, and was a major cause amongst others which led to the radicalized state of which the groups exist in today. V VI Acknowledgements. First, I would like to thank my academic supervisor Professor Øystein Sørensen for having guided me through this thesis, his supervision has ben valuable and has helped me tremendously through the course of this thesis. I would also like to thank Professor Roger Griffin for having provided me with englightening conversations at my exchange at Oxford Brookes. I also have to thank those near to me who have supported me through this, often stressful affar of writing a master thesis in history. Especially Morten Sverre Veel and Vegard Wiborg who have been so kind to read through my sketches and convince me that I am not the worst historian in the world. I would also like to thank my family for having supported me through these four semesters. A special thank goes to my grandfather who has read through most of my sketches for this thesis. And last but not the least, thank you dear Maren for having been loving and supportive through this thesis, even when I have behaved like an narcissist. And last, I dedicate this thesis to my Grandmother who passed away while writing this thesis. You were a special one, but I always loved you. Rest in peace. VII VIII Table of Contents. 1 Introduction. ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Thesis Questions. ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 The limitations of the thesis......................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Limits of topic. ..................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Limits in time. ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3 The structure of the thesis. ........................................................................................... 4 1.4 Existing Literature. ...................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Sources and Method. ................................................................................................... 9 1.5.1 Methodological problems on the Internet. ........................................................... 9 1.6 Theory. ....................................................................................................................... 13 1.6.1 The different fluctuations of the far-right. ......................................................... 13 1.6.2 Cultural Nationalism. ......................................................................................... 14 1.6.3 Islamophobia. ..................................................................................................... 15 1.6.4 Some key aspects of the Worldview of anti-Islamic movements. ..................... 15 1.6.5 Conspiracy theories. ........................................................................................... 16 2 History of SIAN's predecessors..........................................................................18 2.1 Aksjonskomiteen mot bønnerop. ............................................................................... 18 2.2 From AMB to FOMI. ................................................................................................ 20 2.2.1 The 11th of September 2001. ............................................................................. 22 3.3 Forum Mot Islamisering reorganized. ....................................................................... 24 3.3.1 The FOMI Mission statement. ........................................................................... 25 3.3.2 The ‘new’ FOMI website and worldview. ......................................................... 27 3.3.3 Conspiracy theories and Extremist positions.. ................................................... 38 3.3.4 From Forum mot Islamisering to Stopp Islamiseringen Av Norge .................... 43 3.4 Stopp Islamiseringen av Norge. ..................................................................................... 51 3.4.1 SIANs Mission Statement. ................................................................................. 52 3.4.2 SIAN, an alliance between Christian and secular anti-Islamists. ....................... 57 3.4.3 SIAN and Anders Behring Breivik. ................................................................... 59 3.4.4 Conflicts and Disagreements over the Nature of Islam. ..................................... 62 3.4.5 A schism in the organization. ............................................................................. 66 3.4.6 The aftermath of the Schism .............................................................................. 67 IX 3.4.7 SIAN becoming more extreme. .......................................................................... 69 3.4.8 Summary: ........................................................................................................... 74 4 The English Defence League. .............................................................................................. 77 4.1.1 From the UPL to the English Defence League. ................................................. 77 4.2 The English Defence League Website. ...................................................................... 78 4.2.1 The incoherent view. .......................................................................................... 80 4.2.2 Totalitarianism and Cultural Marxism. .............................................................. 85 4.2.3 Dhimmitude. ....................................................................................................... 89 4.2.4 The EDL Mission statement. .............................................................................. 90 4.2.5 EDL and Breivik. ............................................................................................... 93 4.2.6 The EDL and the Far-Right. 2009-2013. ........................................................... 94 4.2.7 Lee Rigby Murder and Tommy Robinson leaving the organization. ................. 97 4.2.8 The EDL becoming more radical, 2014-2016. ................................................... 98 4.2.9 Towards a dystopian future. ............................................................................. 101 4.2.10 Summary: ......................................................................................................... 104 5 Comparing SIAN and the EDL. ....................................................................................... 106 Bibliography. .......................................................................................................................... 121 X 1 Introduction. This main subject of this thesis will be the ideological development of the two groups Stop Islamiseringen av Norge (SIAN) and the English Defence League (EDL) as expressed in the articles published at their websites. These two groups are usually considered to belong to the same anti-Islamic social movement.1 Nonetheless, there has not been a single report, book or academic paper which has done a comparative study of the ideology
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