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SARTONIANA Sarton Chair of History of Science Ghent University SARTONIANA Volume 28 2015 Sarton Chair of History of Science Ghent University sarton2014.book Page 3 Wednesday, October 15, 2014 3:24 PM SARTONIANA SARTONIANA Volume 27 Volume2014 28 2015 Editors: Robert Rubens and Maarten Van Dyck Editors : Robert Rubens and Maarten Van Dyck Sarton Chair of History of Sciences Sarton ChairGhent of UniversityHistory of Sciences Ghent University Sartoniana, Gent, Belgium Ghent University ISBN 978 90 382 2461 2 D/2015/4531/1 Layout en druk: www.nevellandgraphics.be Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van !"#$%&'()($(*+,%&-+."(/0-&('&(*&1,0$,&23!,",&1+45,&(($%&5(3!,"&6(("2'7223!,&8.9"+'),0+4$,& )(,8),--+37&623&!,&#+)7,6,"+4: ;(&*2")&('&)9+8&<(($&-2=&<,&",*"(!#.,!&+3&23=&'("-%&<=&*"+3)%&*9()(*"+3)%&-+."(/0-%&("&23=& ()9,"&-,238&1+)9(#)&*"+("&1"+)),3&*,"-+88+(3&'("-&)9,&*#<0+89,"8 Table of Contents Introduction . 5 Robert Rubens SARTON CHAIR LECTURE Laudatio Roy M. MacLeod . 9 Peter Van Nuffelen The Scientists go to war : Community and Conscience 1914-1919 . 13 Roy M. MacLeod SARTON MEDAL LECTURES Laudatio Jos Monballyu. 35 Dirk Heirbaut De rechtstaat en zijn verwerking van de Eerste Wereldoorlog in België. 39 Jos Monballyu Laudatio Danny Segers . 77 Dirk Ryckbosch Facetten van de geschiedenis van de fysica aan de hand van . 81 wetenschappelijke instrumenten. Verschillende verhalen achter één voorwerp Danny Segers Laudatio Marta C. Lourenço. 103 Danny Segers Scientific Collections, Museums and Heritage: . 107 Creating Connections and Engaging Society through History Marta C. Lourenço 1 2 Laudatio Paul Wylock . 127 Yves Van Nieuwenhove Guillaume Dupuytren (1777-1835), baanbrekend chirurg . 129 vóór de tijd van de anesthesie Paul Wylock Laudatio Helmut Staubmann. 141 Raf Vanderstraeten Rise and Decline of Functionalism and Current Problems . 145 of Methodology in the Social Sciences Helmut Staubmann Authors Prof. dr. Robert Rubens Chairman Sarton Committee, University Hospital Ghent, Department of Endocrinology, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium [email protected] Prof. dr. Maarten Van Dyck Secretary Sarton Committee, Ghent University, Centre for History of Science, St.­Hubertusstraat 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium [email protected] Prof. dr. Peter Van Nuffelen Ghent University, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Department of History, Sint­Pietersnieuwstraat 35 (UFO), 9000 Gent [email protected] Prof. dr. Roy M. MacLeod School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, University of Sydney, NSW Australia 2006 [email protected] Prof. dr. Dirk Heirbaut Ghent University, Faculty of Law, Department of Interdisciplinary Study of Law, Private Law and Business Law, Universiteitstraat 4, 9000 Gent [email protected] Prof. dr. Jos Monballyu KU Leuven en KU Leuven Campus Kortrijk, emeritus professor of Legal History, Koning Boudewijnstaat 156, 8520 Kuurne Jos.Monballyu@kuleuven­kulak.be 3 4 Prof. dr. Dirk Ryckbosch Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent [email protected] Prof. dr. Danny Segers Ghent University, Director Museum for the History of Sciences, Krijgslaan 281, S30, 9000 Gent, Belgium [email protected] dr. Marta C. Lourenço Museus da Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica 56, 1250­102 Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] Prof. dr. Yves Van Nieuwenhove Ghent University, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent [email protected] Prof. Dr. Paul Wylock Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Free University Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium [email protected] Prof. dr. Raf Vanderstraeten Ghent University, Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology, Korte Meer 3­5, B­9000 Gent, Belgium [email protected] Prof. dr. Helmut Staubmann University of Innsbruck, Department of Sociology, Universitätsstr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria [email protected] Introduction R. Rubens !"#$%#&$'()*+#$,-$(.$/012(%30%04$1#5#623%7$2"#$,8$2"$9#01$(.$2"#$/012(%$ Chair for the history of sciences, contains a broad spectrum of lectures in the history of sciences. Roy MacLeod from Sydney the chairholder for 2014­15 gave a very well documented talk and paper about the development of the sciences during World War I. His viewpoint is the ineluctable differentiation of science with the disappearance during the war of a universalism so common in :63#%6#;$<*12"#1+(1#$"#$=(6*+#%2:$2"#$3+>(120%2$3%5*#%6#$(.$2"#$:63#%­ tists on the development of weapons. The importance of the ministry of munitions in the United Kingdom is stressed. !"#$ )#62*1#$ ?9$ @(%?0))9*$ =#203):$ 2"#$ )#70)$ >1(6#=*1#:$ =*13%7$ 2"#$ A1:2$ &(1)=$&01$3%$2"#$B#)730%$01+9;$!"#$)#70)$>1(6#=*1#:$&#1#$=3.A6*)2$0%=$2"#$ 0?:#%6#$(.$0$>01)30+#%2$+0=#$32$=3.A6*)2$.(1$2"3:$9(*%7$:202#$&32"(*2$0%9$ history of war. However by simple deduction and a careful legal reasoning the problems were resolved. In her paper Lourenço explains the three challenges for science museums: history, science and heritage. By quoting important examples she details the outline of the emerging questions and tries to solve them. She also lances an appeal to the historians of science to become more interested in the preservation of goods and apparatus. The latter being very useful for understanding the evolution of thinking in science. The lecture of Segers explains the ideas of Lourenço. By a careful his­ tory of instruments he explains the history of physics. Based upon the tradition started with Plateau , he embraces a long period in the evolution of physics from Simon Stevin to the 20th century. By choosing vivid ex­ 5 6 amples the meanders of thought in the explanation of natural phenomena are detailed. The biography of Dupuytren by Wylock cites an important chapter in the history of surgery. The beginning of modern medicine in the Parisian hos­ pitals has frequently been mentioned. However the radiation of the car­ =3%0)$A7*1#:$:*6"$0:$C*>*921#%$"0:$?##%$'#19$.(1+023'#$3%$2"#$601##1$(.$ numerous academics, the examples of Ghent and Louvain being quoted and explained. The last paper by Staubman is much more philosophical. It goes back to the main ideas of Sarton . In a beautiful essay he details the rise and decline of functionalism in the social sciences. In this he not only uses sociology but embraces all kind of sciences and tries to reconciliate even rationalism and empirism.. We hope this new volume of Satoniana may keep the ideas of Sarton alive and explain why a modern university never can live without remembering 2"#$>0:2$(.$2"3%D3%7$0%=$1#5#623%7$0?(*2$2"#$"3:2(19$(.$0))$:63#%6#:; R.Rubens SARTON CHAIR LECTURE 7 Laudatio Roy MacLeod Peter Van Nuffelen It is a tribute to the wide scope of Roy MacLeod’s intellectual personality that today his praise is being sung by a historian of Antiquity, whereas "3:$>01236*)01$A#)=$(.$:>#630)3:023(%$3:$2"#$"3:2(19$(.$:63#%6#$3%$2"#$%3%#­ teenth and twentieth century. (To re­assure the audience: the other proxi­ mus, Christophe Verbruggen, is more at home in the intellectual history of the past two centuries.) Indeed, besides producing important scholarship 3%$"3:$>01236*)01$A#)=$(.$:2*=94$E(9$"0:4$.(1$#F0+>)#4$?##%$+#+?#1$(.$2"#$ executive committee of the Australian friends of the <+<0+()9,.2&20,>23­ drina, the re­creation of the famous library of ancient Alexandria in the contemporary town of Alexandria. The library was known in Antiquity as the Mouseion, the place where the Muses were to be worshipped through study, and, in fact, another of Roy’s occupations has been to advise the creation of university musea, in which collections originally gathered for study are presented to a wider audience. His combination of erudition and outreach, as well as his wide view from Antiquity to the twentieth century, he is a worthy heir to the person after whom the chair is named which he 3:$2($1#6#3'#$2(=09G$3%=##=4$H#(17#$/012(%I:$+(%*+#%20)$0%=$*%A%3:"#=$ history of science starts with Homer. Roy has described himself once to me as a grand­child of Sarton: he stud­ ied History and Science at Harvard University, effectively being taught by students of Sarton. After Harvard he went to Cambridge, as a Fulbright scholar, where he obtained his PhD. Subsequently, he took up appoint­ ments at the Universities of Sussex and London, before serving 21 years, from 1982 to 2003 as Professor of Modern History at the University of Sydney. If anything, retirement has increased his activity, as the long list of fellowships held since 2003 indicates – and it is, indeed, during one of 9 10 these stays, in casu in Göttingen in 2012, that we met. It would, however, be sad to reduce a career to names and numbers, even if Roy’s career is very rich in them: a truly global scholar, Roy has held appointments on all continents that have universities. But lists rarely succeed in conveying the spirit of an intellectual endeavour. E#0=3%7$ 2"1(*7"$ E(9I:$ '0:2$ (#*'1#$ J$ .1(+$ "3:$ A1:2$ >0>#1$ 3%$ K8LM$ (%$ Richard Owen, a contemporary critic of Darwin yet also (at least in his claims) a predecessor of evolution theory,1 to more recent work on univer­ :329$6())#623(%:$(.$:63#%23A6$(?N#62:2 – he shows a distinct interest in the "*+0%$:3=#$(.$:63#%6#G$2"#$.(1+023(%$(.$:63#%23A6$3%:232*23(%:4$:63#%6#I:$ entanglement with other social actors, such as the army and politics, the subtleties of individual psychology and social esteem, and the often com­ plex interaction between science and education. Such a focus on the hu­ man is something one is entitled to expect from a historian.
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