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Flacourtiaceae) Réductions génériques dans les Oncobeae (Flacourtiaceae) Sovanmoly HUL Laboratoire de Phanérogamie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 16 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] F.J. BRETELER Herbarium Vadense, Postbus 8010, 6700 ED Wageningen, Pays-Bas. [email protected] RÉSUMÉ Dans cette publication, les genres Caloncoba, Camptostylus, Lindackeria, Paraphyadantbe et Xylotbeca, appartenant aux Oncobeae (Flacourtiaceae), MOTS CLÉS sont mis en synonymie avec le genre principal Oncoba. Une liste complète de Flacourtiaceae, Oncobeae, toutes les espèces du genre Oncoba est proposée, ainsi que les nouvelles com­ Oncoba. binaisons générées par cette extension du genre. ABSTRACT In this publication, the genera Caloncoba, Camptostylus, Lindackeria, KEYWORDS Paraphyadanthe and Xylotheca belonging to the Oncobeae (Flacourtiaceae) Flacourtiaceae, Oncobeae, are reduced to synonymy of the genus Oncoba. A complete list of all the spe­ Oncoba. cies of Oncoba s. lato, with the new combinations, is given. Dans son ttaitement des Flacourtiaceae pouf la La tribu des Oncobeae est très bien représentée Flote du Gabon (vol. 34, 1995), S. HUL avait en Afrique tropicale. Le traitement de WARBURG déjà réuni au genre Oncoba plusieurs genres de la (1894) admettait 7 genres, alors que celui de tribu des Oncobeae, jusqu'alors considérés GlLG (1925) en comprenait 19. Une telle aug­ comme bien distincts. Le présent ttavail en mentation est due, pour une part, au transfert de constitue le prolongement ; il apporte à ce genre 5 genres classés par WARBURG dans les de nouvelles extensions et il explicite le raisonne­ Erythrospermeae, pour une autre paît à la réha­ ment qui soutient les importantes téductions bilitation de 3 génies (Lindackeria, Scottellia et génériques opérées dans cette tribu. Xylotheca) que WÀRBURG avait mis en synony- ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19(2) 253 Hul S. & Breteler F.J. mie, et enfin à l'appoit de 4 nouveaux genres, toire de WARBURG (un genre s. lato subdivisé en dont 2 créés par GlLG lui-même. En outre, le sections) et lui piéférait la partition du grand genre monospécifique Peterodendron, publié par genre Oncoba en plusieurs genres plus réduits SLEUMER en 1936, doit aussi êtte inclus dans la qui, selon lui, devaient être plus naturels. Sa clas­ tribu des Oncobeae (cf. Notes, p. 255). sification est assortie d'une clé qui donne une La réunion des Erythrospermeae aux Oncobeae idée de la manière dont il délimitait ses genres : concerne peu notre propos, lequel est consacré à — Camptostylus, toujouts classé dans les Oncoba et aux génies les plus pioches (signalés Eiythtospermeae, est séparé des autres genres par pat un astéiisque dans la colonne montiant la des pétales sans écailles, un péfianthe spiialé classification de GlLG du Tableau 1). (chez Oncoba s. str., le calice et la corolle foiment Avant sa classification de 1925, GlLG avait déjà 2 cycles distincts) et par des fleurs unisexuées ou enttepiis l'extension de la tribu des Oncobeae. polygames. En 1908, il réhabilite les genres Xylotbeca et — Pour séparer les genres Lindackeria et Lindackeria et crée le genre Caloncoba. Quant au Xylotheca du genre Oncoba s. str., GlLG recourait genre Camptostylus qu'il avait déciit en 1898, il le sensiblement aux mêmes caractères que ceux uti­ classe encoie dans les Erythrospermeae. lisés par WARBURG pour distinguer ses sections. — Caloncoba est séparé des genres Oncoba s. La subdivision par WÀRBURG du genre Oncoba sti. et Xylotheca par ses pétioles renflés au som­ en trois sections était en grande partie fondée sur met, tandis que ses glandes fleuts et ses fruits à les caractètes du fruit (lisse ou épineux, forme des plusieurs graines le distinguent de Lindackeria. placentas), mais elle utilisait aussi la taille et les Rappelons que Paraphyadanthe Mildbt. a déjà été types d'inflorescences. mis en synonymie avec Caloncoba pat PELLEGRIN GlLG (1925) jugeait inutile le mode classifica- en 1952. TABLEAU 1. — Genres classés dans les Erythrospermeae et les Oncobeae en 1894 et en 1925. WARBURG (1894) RÉPARTITION GILG (1925) 12 genres 19 genres Erythrospermeae (5 genres) Oncobeae (19 genres) Berberidopsis Hook. f. (1862) Amérique Berberidopsis Hook. f. Dasylepis Oliv. (1867) Afrique Dasylepis Oliv. syn. : ScottelliaOWv. (1893) Afrique Scottellia Oliv. Erythrospermum Lam. (1792) Madagascar, Asie Erythrospermum Lam. Pyramidocarpus Oliv. (1897) Afrique Pyramidocarpus Oliv. Rawsonia Harv. & Sond. (1859) Afrique Rawsonia Harv. & Sond. Oncobeae (7 genres) Buchnerodendron Gurke (1893) Afrique Buchnerodendron Gurke Carpotroche Endl. (1839) Amérique Carpotroche Endl. GrandidieraJaub. (1866) Afrique Grandidiera Jaub. Mayna Aubl. (1775) Amérique Mayna Aubl. Oncoba Forssk. (1775) Afrique, Arabie, Amérique Oncoba Forssk. syn.: Lindackeria Presl (1836) Afrique, Amérique 'Lindackeria Presl syn.: Xylotheca Höchst. (1843) Afrique "Xylotheca Höchst. Poggea Gurke (1893) Afrique Poggea Gurke Prockiopsis Baill. (1886) Madagascar Prockiopsis Baill. Asie Ahernia Merr. (1909) Afrique 'Caloncoba Gilg (1908) Afrique 'Camptostylus Gilg (1898) Afrique 'Paraphyadanthe Mildbr. (1920) * indique les genres qui sont réunis au genre Oncoba Forssk. 254 ADANSONIA, sér. 3 • 1997 • 19 (2) Oncoba (Flacourtiaccae) La conception générique de GlLG a été suivie Chlanis Klotzsch in Petets, Reise Mossamb. Bot. 1 : par SLEUMER (1974a-c) qui a révisé plusieurs 145 (1861). — Type : C. tettensis Klotzsch, Mozambique. genres de Flacourtiaceae, parmi lesquels Cerolepis Pierre, dessin imprimé de « C. petiolaris Caloncoba et Camptostylus ainsi que les Pierre », distribué à plusieurs Herbiers, en janvier Lindackeria d'Afrique. Il est pour le moins éton­ 1896 (cf. HUL 1995). — Type : C petiolaris Pierre, nant que cet auteur n'ait à aucun moment, sinon Gabon. remis en cause, du moins discuté les définitions Camptostylus Gilg, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 2 : 57 (1898). — Type : C. caudatus Gilg, génétiques de GlLG. Cameroun. La présente publication signifie pour l'essentiel Caloncoba Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40 : 458 (1908). — un retour à la définition du genre Oncoba par Type : C. glauca (P. Beauv.) Gilg, Nigeria. OLIVER dans Flora of Tropical Africa (1868), Paraphyadanthe Mildbr., Notizbl Bot. Gatt. Berlin- exception faite du genre sud-américain Mayna Dahlem 7 : 402, fig. A-O (1920). — Type : P. fla- gelliflora Mildbr., Cameroun. Aubl. Les dessins publiés dans la Flore du Gabon Arbres ou arbustes, inermes ou épineux. (HUL 1995) donnent dans l'ensemble une repré­ Feuilles alternes, stipulées, entières ou crénelées- sentation satisfaisante de la variabilité existant dentées à dentées (à dents aiguës) ; pétiole renflé dans le genre Oncoba s. lato et montrent à l'évi­ ou non au sommet. dence qu'une partition en plusieurs genres, Inflorescences pauci- ou multiflores portées sur comme celle de GlLG, n'a plus lieu d'être mainte­ des axes aériens ou parfois ± souterrains. Fleurs nue. mâles ou femelles ou bisexuées (plantes poly­ games), en cymes, racèmes ou panicules. Sépales 3-4, imbriqués ; pétales 5-12, imbriqués (2-3 fois ONCOBA Forssk. le nombre des sépales) ; étamines nombreuses (12-100) ; ovaire glabre ou pubescent, lisse ou Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. : 103 (1775) ; Juss., Gen. Pl. : 292 échinulé à 2-8(-10) placentas pluriovulés ; style (1789) ; Lam., Tabi. Encycl. (Illustr. genr.) 2 : t. 471 (1794) ; Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 6 : 210 unique, entier ou ± profondément divisé en 2-8 (1804) ; Guill., Perr. & A. Rich., FI. Senegamb. (-10) branches stigmatiques. Tent. : 32 (1830) ; Oliv., FI. Trop. Afr. 1 : 114 Fruits : capsules parfois tardivement déhiscentes (1868) ; Warb. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 3 ou même indéhiscentes, lisses ou épineuses ; (6a) : 17 (1894) ; Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40 : 454 (1908) ; Gilg in Engl., Pflanzenw. Afr. 3 (2) : 565 graines nombreuses, rarement 1-2, glabres ou (1921) ; Gilg in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf., ed. pubescentes, avec un arille ± net. 2, 21 : 401 (1925) ; Hutch., Dalziel & Chipp in Hutch. & Dalziel, FI. W. Ttop. Afr. 1 (1) : 160 (1927) ; Pellegr., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ftance, Mémoires NOTES : Bien que l'imptécision affectant sa 1952 : 112 (1952) ; Keay in Hutch. & Dalziel, FI. W. définition soit dorénavant significativement Trop. Aft., ed. 2, 1 (1) : 185 (1954) ; Keay, Onochie réduite, le genre Oncoba s. lato n'est pas toujours & Stanfield, Niger. Trees : 103 (1960) ; Hutch., Gen. facile à circonscrire. C'est le cas par exemple pour Flow. PL 2 : 210 (1967) ; Bamps, Fl. Congo, Rwanda et Burundi, Spermat., Flacourt. 1 : 16 (1968) ; deux genres, Peterodendron et Poggea, dont les Sleumer, Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Flacourt. : 15 (1975) ; fruits ailés permettent seuls de les distinguer Killick in Ross (ed.), Fl. South. Afr. 22 : 56 (1976) ; d'Oncoba. Toutefois, le fruit de ce dernier est si Keay, Trees of Nigeria : 59 (1989) ; Hul, Fl. Gabon variable qu'on est en droit de se demander si ce 34, Flacourt. : 40 (1995). — Type : Oncoba spinosa Forssk. seul caractère suffit par lui-même à fonder le maintien des deux genres précédents, surtout Ventenatia P. BEAUV., Fl. Oware et Bénin : 29, t. 17 (1804). — Type : V. glauca P. Beauv., Nigetia. quand on sait que le fruit d'O. flagelliflora pré­ Lundia SCHUMACH., Beskr. Guin. PI. : 231 (1827). sente 10 crêtes plus ou moins épineuses. — Type : L. monocantha Schumach., Ghana. Le Tableau 2 présente le nombre total d'espèces Lindackeria Presi, Rei. Haenk. 2 : 89 (1835). — africaines (28 dont une existe également en Type : L. laurina Presi, Mexique. Xylotheca Hochst., Flora 26 : 69 (1843). — Type : X. Arabie
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